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Mean
Variance
xi
( xi ) 2
Coefficient of Variation
Standard deviation
100 %
Mean
z-Score
Population Covariance
xy
( xi x )( y i y )
r xy
Weighted Mean
x
xi x
s
zi
s xy
sx s y
wi x i
wi
fi M i
N
Combination Rule
Permutations
N!
C nN
n n! ( N n)!
N N!
PnN n!
n ( N n)!
Addition Law
Conditional Law
P( A B) P ( A) P( B ) P( A B )
P( A | B )
P ( A B)
P ( B)
Multiplication Law
P( A B) P( B ) P ( A | B)
P( A B) P( A) P ( B )
Bayes Theorem
P( Ai | B )
P( Ai ) P ( B | Ai )
P( A1 ) P ( B | A1 ) P( A2 ) P ( B | A2 ) ... P( An ) P ( B | An )
xe
x!
r N r
x n x
f ( x)
N
n
Var ( x) 2 np(1 p )
f ( x)
2
2
1
e ( x ) / 2
2
Expected value of x
E (x )
Expected value of p
Finite Population
N n
x
Finite Population
Infinite Population
Infinite Population
x
n
N 1 n
E ( p) p
N n
N 1
p (1 p)
n
p (1 p)
n
( z / 2 ) 2 2
E2
unknown
x t / 2
s
n
p (1 p)
n
x 0
n
( z / 2 ) 2 p * (1 p*)
E2
p p0
p0 (1 p0 )
n
unknown
t
x 0
s n
1 and 2 known
z
( x 1 x2 ) D0
12 22
n1 n2
1 and 2 unknown
t
( x1 x2 ) D0
s12 s22
n1 n2
1 and 2 known
x1 x 2 z / 2
12 22
n1
n2
1 and 2 unknown
x1 x2 t / 2
s12 s22
n1 n2
Standard Error of x1 x2
12 22
n1 n2
x1 x2
df
1 s12
1 s 22
n1 1 n1
n2 1 n2
sd / n
nj
s 2j
xij
xj
( xij x j ) 2
i 1
nj
i 1
SSTR
k 1
n j 1
SSTR n j ( x j x ) 2
MSE
j 1
SSE (n j 1) s 2j
j 1
SST ( xi j x) 2
SSE
nT k
MSTR
MSE
j 1 i 1
( xi x )( yi y )
( xi x )2
b0 y b1 x
SSE
n2
SSE
n2
Coefficient of Determination
r2
SSR
SST
Standard Deviation of b1
b1
( xi x ) 2
SSR
Number of independen t variables
MSR
MSE
( x p x )2
1
s
n ( xi x ) 2
sind s 1
F Test Statistic
(xp x)
1
n ( xi x ) 2