Professional Documents
Culture Documents
[i]
DECLARATION
I, Pranagobinda Raul, Roll no-36,3rd semester, student of MBA -Power Management(2014-16) at
National Power Training Institute, Faridabad hereby declare that the Summer Training Report
entitled Energy Audit Of Small Section Of Bhubaneswar Electrical Division is an original
work and the same has not been submitted to any other institute for award of any other degree.
A Seminar Internship Presentation & Report was presented and submitted on ________and the
suggestions made by the faculty were duly incorporated.
Signature of Candidate
Countersigned
Director/Principal of the institute
[ii]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Dr Priyabrata Patnaik Director (Regulatory
Affairs), OERC without whose benign guidance the present work would have not been possible.
He has been source of constant inspiration to me in finishing this work.
I would like to express my heartiest thanks to Mr.Manoj Kumar Dash, Manager Electrical at
BHUBANESWAR ELECTRICAL DEVISION (BED). Mr. Ashok Kumar Jena, S.D.O at
BED and Mr. Chabila Behera Assistant Engineer of BED, for giving me a chance to work with
him, providing me with the necessary resources, ideas and facilitating me in this project.
I am also thankful to Ms Vardah Saghir, Sr. Fellow NPTI, my internal guide for her support
towards completion of my project. She also helped me in structuring this project report and also
various other aspects of study.
I express my heartfelt thanks to Dr. S.K.Chaudhary, Principal Director, CAMPS, whose guidance
was of valuable help to me.
I also extend my thanks to all the faculty members in CAMPS (NPTI), for their support and
guidance for the completion of my project.
Pranagobinda Raul.
13th Batch.
MBA (POWER MANAGEMENT).
[iii]
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
The biggest and the most significant problem for distribution companies is to manage distribution
energy and revenue losses. This requires a proper tracking mechanism for base lining present status
and for making continual improvements. Energy audit and analysis to manage and monitor the
distribution losses of the system are essential elements of effective utility business practice.
The utilities has done well to bring these losses to 19 percent in 2013-2014, however there are
some utilities could not able to generate profits. Government has launched two schemes the
Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Yoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and integrated power development scheme
(IPDS) with the aim of strengthening distribution network to reduce the technical loss.
An energy audit is a key to assessing the energy performance of a distrribution system to know the
transmission and distribution loss and for developing an energy management program to limit the
losses .Energy audit analysis service for distribution systems starts with the gathering of detailed
network document information and meter reading data. This is followed by meter data processing
and the analysis of feeder, DT and consumer meter data. The study includes the present power
scenario of India as well as Odisha. The report describes Odisha power demand statistics in the
year 2015 followed by the distribution restructure of Odisha and significant improvement of
performance of utilities after the privatization of distribution sector.
Further a set of questionnaire is designed to collect data form a small section of Bhubaneswar to
know the performance of utility. Data was collected by confabbing consumer houses and revenue
collection centers. The data is statistically analyzed as well as various hypothesis tool is being used
to test the hypothesis which helps to finding the solution to the current problems facing by utilities
finally Energy audit, reports and related management information are provided to the distribution
utility for further corrective actions.
[iv]
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: Installed Capacity Statistics ............................................................................................. 2
Table 2: Odisha Installed Capacity Statistics ................................................................................. 4
Table 3: Power Demand Statistics Of Odisha ................................................................................ 4
Table 4: Energy meter readings .................................................................................................... 23
Table 5: Transformer Readings .................................................................................................... 24
Table 6: Conductor Chart ............................................................................................................. 24
Table 7: Meter Readings ............................................................................................................... 26
Table 8: Transformer Readings .................................................................................................... 27
Table 9: Defective Meter May 2015.............................................................................................. 29
Table 10: How Is Supply Voltage? ................................................................................................ 35
Table 11: Are You Aware About Anti-Theft Law .......................................................................... 36
Table 12: Privatization ................................................................................................................. 37
Table 13:Billing and Fault related services.................................................................................. 38
[v]
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1: Present installed capacity ............................................................................................... 3
Figure 2: Odisha Installed Capacity (Mw) ..................................................................................... 4
Figure 3: Energy Requirement of Odisha ....................................................................................... 5
Figure 4: Peak Demand of Odisha .................................................................................................. 5
Figure 5: Odisha power sector reform structure 1 ......................................................................... 8
Figure 6: Odisha power sector reform structure 2 ......................................................................... 9
Figure 7: Energy Audit Cycle ........................................................................................................ 16
Figure 8: Energy audit process ..................................................................................................... 19
Figure 9: Audit Criteria ................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 10: Technical losses in the conductor ............................................................................... 28
Figure 11: Defective Meter May 2015 .......................................................................................... 29
Figure 12: Performance of BED ................................................................................................... 31
Figure 13: Performance of Bed Statistics ..................................................................................... 31
Figure 14: How Is Supply Voltage? .............................................................................................. 35
Figure 15: Are You Aware About Anti-Theft Law ......................................................................... 36
Figure 16: Privatization ................................................................................................................ 37
Figure 17: Billing Related Service ................................................................................................ 38
Figure 18: Fault Related Service .................................................................................................. 38
[vi]
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AT&C loss
T&D
BED
IPDS
(DDUGJY)
MT
Metric Ton
MU
Million Unit
OSEB
STU
SLDC
OPTCL
CPP
IPP
OPGC
OHPC
BEE
AMR
CSR
DSM
[vii]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TRAINING COMPLETION CERTIFICATE .................................................................................................. i
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................. iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMERY................................................................................................................................ iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................................................ v
LIST OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1: Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2: Overview of Present Power Scenario of India ........................................................................................... 1
1.3: Overview of Present Power Scenario of Odisha ........................................................................................ 3
1.4: Odisha Power Sector Reform Overview .................................................................................................... 5
1.4.1: First Phase Reforms (1995-98) ........................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2: Second Phase Reform (1999-2001) .................................................................................................... 6
1.4.3: Restructuring GRIDCO ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.5: Structure of Orissa Power Sector after Reform ......................................................................................... 8
1.5.1: Distribution Restructure ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.6: Challenges Facing By Utilities .................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................ 11
2.1: Energy efficiency ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1: Energy Conservation Act 2001 ......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 :Bureau Of Energy Efficiency .................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.1: Schemes to Promote Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency .................................................. 12
2.3: National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE)................................................................. 14
CHAPTER 3: ENERGY AUDIT ..................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 :Definition Of Energy Auditing ................................................................................................................ 17
3.2 :Preliminary Audit (Walk-Through Audit) ............................................................................................... 18
3.3 :Detailed Audit (Diagnostic Audit) ........................................................................................................... 18
[viii]
[x]
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Energy audits assist industrial companies or facilities in understanding how they use energy and
help to identify the areas where waste occurs and where opportunities for improvement exist. An
energy audit is a key to assessing performance of utilities and energy development program. The
objectives of energy audit can vary from utilities to utilities , however energy audit is usually
conducted to understand how energy is used within the systems and to find the opportunity for
improvement and energy saving. Energy audit is a necessary tool to
commercial losses occur in utilities. Over the past few years, the utilities have registered a fairly
strong operational and financial performance with a modest level of technical and commercial loss
by frequent energy audit process. The utilities has done well to bring these losses to 19 percent in
2013-2014, however there are some utilities could not able to generate profits. Government has
launched two schemes the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Yoti Yojana (DDUGJY)and integrated
power development scheme(IPDS) with the aim of strengthening distribution network to reduce
the technical loss .The schemes focuses on increasing metering coverage to ensure seamless
accounting and auditing of energy at all levels of distribution systems . Metering of all feeders
and DTRs, including metering at all input points to the utility.
1.1: Objectives
The objectives of an energy audit can be varied from researchers to researches. However, an energy
audit is usually conducted to understand how energy is used in the system and to find opportunities
for improvement and energy saving. Sometimes, energy audits are conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of an energy efficiency project or program. The main objective of this energy audit
is to find the technical and commercial losses of the system, at the same time a questionnaire is
designed to know the performance of the utilities and the action should be taken in near future for
smooth operation of distribution system.
[1]
agricultural waste and tide. The demand of electricity increase at rapid rate which is proportional
to the growth of economy. The estimated electricity consumption increased from 4, 11,887 GWh
during 2005-06 to 882,592GWh during 2013-14, showing a CAGR of 8.84 percent. The increase
in electricity consumption is 7.07percent from 2012-13 (824,301GWh) to 2013-14 (882,592
GWh).
The union budget 2015-16, which was deemed reflective of government intent to augment
infrastructure investments, proved to be mixed bag for the power sector. At present total installed
capacity of India is 272502.95 mw, Thermal contribute 69 percent of the total generation. India
stood at second place for the coal consumption. The estimated total consumption of raw coal by
industry has increased from 407.04 MTs during 2005-06 to 571.89 MTs during 2013-14 with a
CAGR of 3.85 percent. The annual growth rate from 2012-13 to 2013-14 is 0.76 percent
According to World Bank report, Delhi is the most polluted atmospheres compare to other states
in India, to reduce the consumption of coal government of India has taken several steps to promote
renewable energy .the budget has proposed fivefold increase in renewable energy capacity to 175
GW by 2022 from the current 31,692 MW(as of January 2015).The target comprises 100,000 mw
of solar,60,000 MW of wind,10,000 MW of biomass and 5,000 MW of small hydro capacity , so
that the effect of global warming and the emission of greenhouse gas will be minimized which will
help a sustainable life in the blue planet .
Table 1: Installed Capacity Statistics
Total Installed Capacity as on 31-05-2015
Energy Sources
Capacity Percentage
(MW)
(%)
189314
69.5
Thermal
41632.4
15.3
Hydro
35777
13.1
RES(MNRE)
5780
2.1
Nuclear
Total
272503
Source CEA
[2]
2.1%
13.1%
Thermal
Hydro
RES(MNRE)
Nuclear
15.3%
69.5%
Source: CEA
[3]
Capacity (MW)
Percentage (%)
Thermal
6753.04
74.73
Hydro
2166.93
23.98
RES(MNRE)
116.39
1.29
Nuclear
Total
9036.36
100
Source CEA
Figure 2: Odisha Installed Capacity (Mw)
Thermal
37%
Hydro
50%
RES(MNRE)
Total
1% 12%
Source CEA
Table 3: Power Demand Statistics Of Odisha
Availability
(MU)
26,482
26,052
surplus deficit
-430
-1.6
Source CEA
[4]
Peak
demand
(MW)
3,920
Peak
Met
(MW)
3,892
Surplus
(MW)
Deficit
(%)
-28
-0.7
26,482
26,052
Requirement
(MU)
Availability
(MU)
3,920
3,892
Peak demand
(MW)
Peak Met
(MW)
[5]
transferred the
distribution assets and properties along with personnel of GRIDCO to transferred the distribution
assets along with personnel of GRIDCO to the four (4) distribution companies with effect from
26.11.1998.these four companies namely CESCO,NESCO,WESCO and SOUTHCO continued to
function as affiliates of GRIDCO up to 31.3.99 and thereafter functioned under the distribution
and retail supply license obtained from OERC
2003 for separation of trading and transmission functions into two separate entities, the state
government on 27.03.2004, incorporated Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited
(OPTCL) as wholly owned undertaking of the state Government to take over the transmission,
STU and SLDC functions of GRIDCO.
OBJECTIVES OF REFORMS
Increase efficiency
Bring accountability
Attract private sector investment
Establish an independent and
transparent regulatory regime
ROLE OF OERC
Take measure conducive to an
efficient electricity industry in the
state
Safeguard the interest of consumers
Prevent monopolistic behavior by
operators
Establish independent and objective
decision making process
ADVANTAGE TO THE STATE
Increased private sector investment
Availability of adequate and reliable
power
Freeing of significant resources for
social sector investment
THE POWER SECTOR ADVANTAGE
Commercial viability
Efficient operation
Professional skill
[7]
NTPC
OHPC
GRIDCO TRADING
COMPANY
WESCO
CUSTOMERS
NESCO
CUSTOMERS
SOUTHCO
CUSTOMERS
CESCO
CUSTOMERS
OPGC
IPPS
OPTCL GOVT.
COMPANY, SLDC
CPPS
GOI OWNED
OHPC
GOO OWNED
OPGC
GOO OWNED
IPPS
PRIVATE SECTOR
CPPS
PUBLIC/PRIVATE SECTOR
[8]
TALCHER
OERC
OVER BY GOO
SOLD TO NTPC
1996
1996
2005-2006
SLDC
OPGC
OHPC
(AES)
GRIDCO
49%
OPTCL
BULK SUPPLY
AND
Minority
1998 corporatized
1999 privatized
interest &
TRADING
management
divested
CESCO
NESCO
WESCO
2006
CESU
[9]
SOUTHCO
[10]
[11]
to designate agencies for the implementation of the Act and promotion of energy efficiency in the
state. The EC Act was amended in 2010 and the main amendments of the Act are given below
The Central Government may issue the energy savings certificate to the designated consumer
whose energy consumption is less than the prescribed norms and standards in accordance with the
procedure as may be prescribed
The designated consumer whose energy consumption is more than the prescribed norms and
standards shall be entitled to purchase the energy savings certificate to comply with the prescribed
norms and standards
The Central Government may, in consultation with the Bureau, prescribe the value of per metric
ton of oil equivalent of energy consumed
Commercial buildings which are having a connected load of 100 kW or contract demand of 120
kVA and above come under the purview of ECBC under EC Act.
Standard levelling
Energy consevation building codes
Demand side management schemes
Agriculture demand
In order to tap the energy saving potential, Agriculture Demand Side Management (AgDSM)
program was initiated in XI plan by Bureau of Energy Efficiency with an objective to induce
[12]
energy efficiency in agriculture sector by creating market based framework for implementation
of few pilot projects and create awareness among end users & other stakeholders for adoption of
energy efficient pump sets (EEPS). Major milestone achievements of the scheme during XI plan
were:
11 Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) have been prepared in 8 states for 11DISCOMs covering
20,750 pump sets connected on 87 feeders. Average 40% (96 MU) energy saving potential
assessed.
One pilot project in Solapur, Maharashtra is being implemented and reflects savings of 6.1 MU
by efficiency up gradation of 2209pumpsets.Monitoring & Verification methodology have been
prepared and is under implementation for realizing energy savings in Solapur pilot project.
Punjab & Haryana mandated the use of BEE star rated pump sets for every new agricultural
connection in the state. 67843 and 1599 pumps have been reported installed under the regulation
in the state of Haryana and Punjab respectively.
During the XII plan, realizing the vast energy saving potential in the sector, BEE intends to
continue the programme with an objective to build up the process of acceleration of sustainable
energy efficiency in the plan through following interventions.
Regulatory mechanism to mandate the use of BEE star labeled pump sets for new connections
Facilitate implementation of DPRs and setting up monitoring & verification protocol
Technical assistance and capacity development of all stakeholders
Municipal DSM
Capacity Building of DISCOMS
Energy Efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector
Strengthening Institutional Capacity of States
Contribution to State Energy Conservation Fund (SECF) Scheme
The State Energy Conservation Fund (SECF) is an instrument to overcome the major barriers for
implementation of energy efficiency projects. The contribution under State Energy Conservation
Fund (SECF) was made to those State Govt. / UT Administration who have created their SECF
and finalized the rules and regulations to operationalize the same. The scheme was for contribution
[13]
to all the State/UTs with a maximum ceiling of Rs. 4.00 crores for any State/UT provided in two
instalments of Rs. 2.00 crores each. The second instalment of contribution to SECF was released
only after the states have provided a matching contribution to the BEE's first instalment. The terms
and conditions for release of financial assistance under Contribution to SECF remains the same
during the 12th plan, only with exemption for North Eastern States. The matching contribution by
State Government for North Eastern States is relaxed to Rs 25 lakhs instead of Rs 2.0 crores. Till
date, an amount of Rs 82 crores has been disbursed to 26 states. Out of these, 15 states have
provided matching contribution.
Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) reduction targets for the 685 energy intensive units
which are designated consumers under the Energy Conservation Act
[14]
Percentage reduction requirement based on: - Current SEC as a ratio of the best in the
sector - Mix of fuels used
Target setting for the power generation and fertilizer sectors through the existing tariffsetting processes
Public sector leadership and involvement for aggregation of projects. Programs of Activity
for Household lighting, Municipal DSM (Mu DSM), Agriculture DSM (Ag DSM), SME
sector, Commercial Buildings sector and Distribution Transformers.
Create demand for energy efficiency products, goods and services- awareness, public
policy, facilitation/ stimulation by preparation of bankable projects and markets.
[15]
PREPAIRATIO
N AND
PLANING
DATA
DOCUMENTA
TTION AND
ANALYSIS
OBSERVATIO
N AND
REVIEW OF
OPERATING
PRACTICES
NETWORK
SURVEY
[16]
Preliminary audit
Detailed audit
[17]
[18]
AUDIT CRITERIA
AUDIT SCOPE
(TO KNOW THE LOSSES OF THE NETWORK)
AUDIT PLAN
CHECKLIST PREPARATION
(DTR AND MTR VOLTAGE, POWER,
PRELIMNARY ANALYSIS
AUDIT CRITERIA :
[19]
Before starting energy audit criteria . the criteria against audit will be conducted would be
defined the following criteria shold be defined
Audit objective : to find out the technical and commercial losses of rasulgarh area ,comes under
bhubaneswar electricity divisin , cesu.
Audit type: external third party audit
Site: Z small region of resulgarh
Timeline : 60 days
[20]
[21]
[22]
is more useful for identifying consumption trends than the total billed kWh. This can be used later
to accurately calculate the monthly electricity use and can also be used for graphical analysis.
1007490
M.T. R
READING
ON
DT
01.07.15
231
MON3105941
204
409
NA
205
CSC0026177
11538
11643
NA
105
ELY6823803
NA
GEN2556871
8966
9340.8
NA
374.8
GEN2522979
8837.6
8942.5
NA
104.9
MON3105407
1461
1487
235.5/R
26
1007489
3966
4169
NA
203
1007491
3.5
12133
13049
NA
916
10
ORBK004099
3.5
10571.3
10641.4
NA
70.1
11
GEN2529866
3.5
9802
9917
NA
115
12
ORB0008059
3.5
2942
3016.1
NA
74.1
13
GEN2656866
3.5
2169
2529.9
NA
360.9
14
ELY6864709
3.5
16455.8
NA
16455.8
15
ELY5388081
3.5
12052.3
NA
-29.7
sl
no
M.T.R NO
LOAD(kw)
MTR ST
12082
[23]
M.T.R
READING
ON
DT
07.13.15
234
VOLTAGE/PHASE
235/R
DIFFERENCE
48.5
total
consumption
DIFFERENCE
84902.9
18983.9
103886.8
18983.9
MTR NO
CSC22404
ACTIVE
POWER(KW
H)
REACTIV LOAD(k
E POWER w)
267806
287761
2.7
VOLTAGE
235.
4
234. N
8 A
DT MTR
READING ON
13.07.15
287189
= (287189-267806)
= 19383
= 18983.9
NOMINAL
ALUMINUM
mm2
ANT
50
STANDING
AND WIRE
DIAMETER
mm
7/3.10
APPROX
OVER ALL
DIAMETER
mm
APPROX
MASS
KG/KM
CALCULATED
RESISTANCE
AT 20 C
MAX/KM
APPROX
CALCULATED
BREAKING
LOAD KN
APPROX
CALCULATED
BREAKING
LOAD KN
9.3
145
0.556
8.25
8025
The loss in the conductor is neglected as distance from transformer to the usesrs are negligible
[24]
4.1:Findings Of Case-1
During the process of energy audit arati residence it was found that all the meter installed in the
building is digital meter . some of the meters were not working.the distance from the transformer
to the load is negligible so the losses due to conductor is ignored .it was took approximate 15
minutes to take the meter reading .
Losses found = 400 units
All the losses is due to defective meters and the losses in distribution transformer .
Percentage loss = (400/19383)
= 2.063%
[25]
M.T.R
NO
LOA
D
MTR
ST
M.T. R
READING
ON
DT 01.07.15
VOLTAGE/PH
ASE
MECHANIC
AL/
DIGITAL
METER
M.T. R
READIN
G ON
DT
13.07.15
32086
37
19392.56
228.8
19405.56
32086
53
75770.7
228.8
75937.16
38066
36
50721.7
228.8
50816.4
8661
39688.6
228.8
39834.7
32086
70
19379.4
228.8
19734.9
37266
09
5743
228.8
5777.3
TOTA
L
210695.96
228.8
DIFFERENC
E
810.06
PERCENTA
GE
0.384468691
[26]
211506.0
2
MTR NO
METER IS
NOT
WORKING
PROPERLY
VOLTAGE
CSC20833 ACTIVE
REACTIVE LOAD(kw) R
POWER(KWH) POWER
152601
162732
[27]
DILAPIDATED
NETWORK
NO
TECHNOLOGICAL
INTERVENTATIO
TECHNICAL
LOSSES
INADEQUATE
CONDUCTOR SIZE
[28]
LOW
VOLTAGE
DOM
GPS
PI
3 -PHASE
METER
1-PHASE
METER
88
13
SI
0
MI
1
LI
OTHERS
1-PHASE METER
101
88
13
0
DOM
0
GPS
101
TOTAL
0
PI
1
SI
MI
[29]
0
LI
OTHERS
TOTAL
During the conversation of office staff of the BED section the meter readers are not well trained
to take meter reading . proper traing is not provided to meter reader personel therefore sometime
they came up with false meter reading for that consumers have to suffer .There are sortage of
manpower for the maintance and immediate avalability during the fault such as transformer
faliure and line breakdown which takes longer time then it should be.
[30]
4.7:Performance Of BED
Figure 12: Performance of BED
Month
LT
Input
(MU)
LT
Billing
(MU)
Dist.
Loss
%
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
TOTAL
22.27
22.81
30.32
35.88
47.43
158.71
18.25
18.08
20.07
26.90
28.44
111.74
18%
21%
34%
25%
40%
28%
LT
Billing
(Rs
Lakhs)
898.43
871.52
915.57
1284.93
1432.91
5403.36
LT
Collection
(Rs
Lakhs)
846.53
858.94
1252.80
993.66
1253.01
5204.94
Collection
%
commercial
loss(rs in
lakh)
AT &
C Loss
%
94%
99%
137%
77%
87%
99%
51.90
12.58
-337.23
291.27
179.90
198.42
23%
22%
9%
42%
48%
29%
LT Input (MU)
1000.00
LT Billing (MU)
800.00
Dist. Loss %
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
AT & C Loss %
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
-200.00
-400.00
-600.00
[31]
[32]
questions are closed, some open questions play prominent roles in survey research, such as those
about the most important problem facing the country
In order to analyze the answers to open questions, they must be grouped into a relatively small
number of categories. This requires the development of a coding scheme; its application by more
than one person; and the attainment of a high level of agreement between coders. The costs of
these procedures, coupled with both the difficulties interviewers confront in recording open
answers and the longer interview time taken by open questions, are responsible for the widespread
use of closed questions
These practical disadvantages of open questions, however, do not apply to the measurement of
quantities. The answer categories to open questions about amounts for instance, number of
doctor visits, hours devoted to housework, dollars spent for a good are implicit in the question,
so no coding is required.
[34]
40
230
40
10
320
320
230
40
40
10
POOR
GOOD
VERY GOOD
SO AND SO
TOTAL
[35]
PERCENTAGE
YES
NO
200
120
62.5
37.5
62.50
37.50
200
120
YES
NO
The survey is conducted in capital of Odisha and it was found that 37.20 percent of population do
not aware about the anti-theft law. People do not know what will be the consequences if someone
indulge in hooking, meter tampering etc. According to data theft is more vulnerable in rural area
if the awareness is 37.5 percent in urban area then it might exceeds up to more than 70 percent
,so government have to think how to educate people awareness may reduce theft in near future.
[36]
NO
120
CANNOT SAY
20
TOTAL
320
320
180
120
20
YES
NO
CANNOT SAY
TOTAL
From the statistics it envisaged that 56 percent consumer think that privatization will provide the
better services. They make up their mind that privatization will provide quality and reliable power
at affordable cost, however 37 percent in the favor of not to privatized according them some
companies like reliance was working with collaboration of state government but there is no
improvement so far. Consumers are facing the same challenges they faced before. Some consumer
said they dont have any issues whether it is run by government or private company.
[37]
70
100
60
50
40
320
70
100
60
50
40
100
70
60
50
[38]
40
p 0.5625
CONCLUSION: As the range of p lies between 0.50, 0.6 so the null hypothesis is accepted that
means privatization will provide better service to the consumer
LIMITATION: As the actual sample size 33 .the sample size is multiplied by 10 to test the
hypothesis. The result may be varied if actual sample size is more.
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70
100
60
50
40
320
FAULT RELATED
SERVICE
70
60
100
50
40
320
TOTAL RATIO
0.218
70
0.625
200
0.5625
180
0.3125
100
0.28125
90
320
ACTUAL RANGE
1.4982
200
180
100
90
1.4982
200
180
2.5
1
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6.2: Recommendation
6.2.1: Routine Check of Distribution Transformer
Consumers have to stand a long queue for the payment of electricity bill. Some Discoms have
unsanitary building for revenue collection. There should be a revenue collection center in every 5
km radius. A reminder of due date of depositing the amount should be sent to the consumers
mobile via SMS service.
6.2.5.1: Prepaid Metering
There is a growing focus on prepaid metering to improve revenue collection and billing efficiency
.In Odisha the state government has directed utilities to install prepaid metering in government
buildings, for temporary connections and for periodically defaulting consumer.
6.2.5.2: Features and benefits
Prepaid metering is a billing mechanism where the consumer pay in advance for the contracted
power supply .the meter s have the facility to connect and disconnect supply based on the credit
amount available .the meter trips in case the connected load exceeds the sanctioned level.
Consumer get recharge coupons from utilities for renewing credit balance, and can monitor usage
through an in-house display
Prepaid meters also have significant storage facility .these meters can incorporate 64 different tariff
structure ,and any one of them can be activated by the utility ,depending upon the consumer
category .they can record operational parameters such as phase current ,voltages, power factor
consumption in Kwh and KVAh ,and instantaneous load. Manufactures also offer an MRI port in
prepaid meter s for data download.
Even with higher cost than standard electronic meters, prepaid meters offer key benefits. For the
utility, they reduce the cost associated with meter reading, data collection and processing, as well
as bill printing. Distribution and collection further, they reduce working capital requirements as
payments are received in advance, in contrast, the usual billing cycles involves a credit period of
over 40 days. The benefit of lower operational costs of prepaid meters is shared with consumers
in form of a 3-5 percent rebate.
6.2.5.3: Outage Management System
The data collected from meters may be categorized as offline data (historical) and online data.
OMS combines call centers and distribution management system tools to identify and diagnose
fault locations and further, to isolate and restore supply with the online data .in case of an outage,
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a geographic information system is employed to determine the location of consumer feeders and
distribution transformer
6.2.6: Grievances Redressal Forum
Most of the Odisha people depends on agriculture, among them around 80 percent completed their
primary education they could not able to read, write and understand English very well. They do
not know how to lodge a complaint for their defective meter and other cases may be.
Case study:
For example the consumer have to pay 5000 rupees for a month due to defective meter reading or
some kind of ambiguity in meter but his consumption pattern for an year displayed that he paid
250 rupees per month . According to the electricity act 2003 he has to pay off the amount before
it will not prove that the meter is defective which will take one and half month but the consumer
do not have a situation to pay the electricity bill. Its true many people does not want to confront
higher authority for their quires.
Looking into the problem there should be a grievance redressal forum at lower level and the
structure of redressal forum would be changed. Lower official interact with higher authority
regarding the problem so that it will be friendlier.
Online complaint registration portal should be open and the complaint should be monitored and
solved within proper time limit.
6.2.7: Theft Prevention
There are several technologies came up to reduce the theft of electricity several laws enforcement
is done Odisha government ,opened up various police station to check theft but the losses reduces
to 15 percent .the situation of Odisha is quite different people do not have any idea about what will
be the consequences if somebody is detained by electricity theft. The problem is lack of awareness
.Odisha government is not in a position to invest more dollars to upgrade the distribution network,
like providing ABC cables, implementation of SCADA in distribution system etc. Awareness is
the only way to reduce theft. Massive campaign is needed for improving the performance of
Discoms . Advertisement about electricity theft consequences can be broadcasted in television and
radio.
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them useful information; a series of presentations at these centers may reach more of your audience
than any booklet, report, or newsletter. In addition, adult civic, social, and fraternal groups often
welcome speakers on important subjects; why not a youth with helpful news to share? Your peers
listen to specific radio stations and look at specific publications, such as the school newspaper. An
on-air interview or letter to the editor can spread the word about your program. A shopping mall
may provide a perfect site for a community crime prevention fair, a 1- or 2-day event with some
key messages for adults, youth, and children. Ask yourself and your group how you get your news,
where you learn about new trends, and how you find out useful information. Ask people in your
target group these same questions. Develop a strategy based on the forms of communication you
have available and the resources you can tap. Pick several ways to reach the audience and rank
them by priority.
6.2.10: Corporate Social Responsibility
Charged with delivering value for both business and society, today's companies must manage a
broad array of activities and goals. By creating a coherent corporate social responsibility (CSR)
strategy that aligns social and environmental efforts with the business purpose and values of your
company and takes into account the societal context in which you operate you can maximize
positive social, environmental, and economic outcomes. In this intensive program, you'll improve
your ability to create and evolve a high-impact CSR strategy, build a strong foundation for
delivering results, and contribute more fully to your company's success.
Socially responsible imperative is actually part of a far older commercial tradition. The role of
trust in building a brand, will soon be paramount, a consumer in the not-too-distant future will see
three different brands of water on a store shelf and will be inclined to choose based on which
company is best known for making a positive impact in the community
6.2.11: Load Management
Load management helps utilities in matching the power supply and demand requirements in cost
efficient manner .meeting peak loads involves high expenditures for power utilities in the form of
purchase of expensive short term power and an increase in distribution infrastructure requirement.
This can be reduced or eliminated by transferring non-emergency power demand from peak hours
to off peak hours, or by using these energy stored during off-peak hours at peak times. This can be
achieved through real-time pricing of electricity, which encourages the end users to shift their
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consumption from peak hours to off peak hours. This not only helps utilities to manage load but
also helps consumers to reduce their power bills. On the supply side, accurate power demand
forecast, load limiting based on consumer category and credit profile, selective load shedding,
brownouts, etc. are a few important techniques to ensure optimal power supply.
6.2.12: Demand Side Management
Energy demand management, also known as demand side management (DSM), is the modification
of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and
behavioral change through education. Demand-side management allows energy users of all kinds
to act as virtual power plants. By voluntarily lowering their demand for electricity, these
businesses and organizations help stabilize the grid, and they are paid for providing this important
service. Utilities and grid operators treat demand response capacity as a dispatch able resource that
is called upon only when needed. In the past, the primary objective of most DSM programs was to
provide cost-effective energy and capacity resources to help defer the need for new sources of
power, including generating facilities, power purchases, and transmission and distribution capacity
additions. However, due to changes that are occurring within the industry, electric utilities are also
using DSM as a way to enhance customer service. DSM refers to only energy and load-shape
modifying activities that are undertaken in response to utility-administered programs. It does not
refer to energy and load-shape changes arising from the normal operation of the marketplace or
from government-mandated energy-efficiency standards.
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ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNARE
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[49]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.erldc.org/commercial-er/User_Manual_of_SEMs_in_ER.pdf
http://www.beeindia.in/energy_managers_auditors/documents/ea_em/Guidelinesforpreparationof
EnergyAuditReports.pdf
http://www.orierc.org/
http://www.cesuodisha.com/
http://www.erldc.org/commercial-er/User_Manual_of_SEMs_in_ER.pdf
https://standards.ieee.org
http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/articles/god/guidelines_subtrans_distr_projects/chap5.pdf
https://www.scribd.com/doc/148715906/Power-Sector-Reform-a-New-Way-of-CorporateGovernance-A-Thesis-Submitted-to-Utkal-University-for-Ph-D-Degree-by-Priyabrata-Patnaik
http://www.cgrfbest.org.in/
http://www.r-tutor.com/elementary-statistics/hypothesis-testing/lower-tail-test-populationproportion
Power line magazine
Smart utilities magazine
http://powermin.nic.in/Energy-Efficiency
https://beeindia.gov.in/
https://beenet.gov.in/UI_Forms/General/Login.aspx
http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/others/Mission-SAPCC-NMEEE.pdf
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