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Cedillo Linda

Escrcega Valeria
Ituarte Bruno

Biweekly notes
Collocations and modal verbs

A collocation
combinations
them all the
unnatural and

is two or more words that often go together. These


just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use
time. On the other hand, other combinations may be
just sound "wrong".

Learning collocations is useful because:


Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or
blocks rather than as single words.

Types of collocations:
There are several different types of collocation made from combinations
of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
adverb + adjective: completely satisfied
adjective + noun: excruciating pain
noun + noun: a surge of anger
noun + verb: lions roar
verb + noun: commit suicide
verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears
verb + adverb: wave frantically

Modal verbs

Probability:
First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that
something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these
'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.
It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
This bill can't be right. 200 for two cups of coffee!

Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.
She can speak six languages.
My grandfather could play golf very well.
I can't drive.

Obligation and Advice


We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is
necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice
Children must do their homework.
We have to wear a uniform at work.
You should stop smoking.

Permission
We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give
permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.

Could I leave early today, please?


You may not use the car tonight.
Can we swim in the lake?

Habits
We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do,
or did in the past.
When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my
flat.
John will always be late!

Past modals
The past modals 'could have + past participle', 'should have + past
participle' and 'would have + past participle' can be confusing.

Multiple intelligences
It has been claimed by some researchers that our intelligence or ability
to understand the world around us is complex. Some people are better
at understanding some things than others.

For some of us it is relatively easy to understand how a flower grows but


it is immensely difficult for us to understand and use a musical
instrument. For others music might be easy but playing football is
difficult.
Instead of having one intelligence it is claimed that we have several
different intelligences.
Types:
Kinesthetic - Body Smart
Linguistic - Word Smart
Logical/Mathematical - Number Smart
Interpersonal - People Smart
Intrapersonal - Myself Smart
Musical - Music Smart
Visual/Spatial - Picture Smart
Naturalistic - Nature Smart
Explanation
Kinesthetic - Body Smart
You may be body smart. You will enjoy sports and are good at swimming,
athletics, gymnastics and other sports. This is sometimes called being
Kinesthetic smart.

Linguistic - Word Smart


You may be word smart. You will enjoy reading, writing and talking about
things. This is sometimes called being Linguistic smart.

Logical/Mathematical Number Smart


You may be number smart. You will be good at mathematics and other
number activities; you are also good at solving problems. This is
sometimes called being Logical smart.

Interpersonal - People Smart


You may be people smart. You will like to mix with other people and you
will belong to lots of clubs. You like team games and are good at sharing.
This is sometimes called being Interpersonal smart.

Intrapersonal - Myself Smart


You may be myself smart. You will know about yourself and your
strengths and weaknesses. You will probably keep a diary. This is
sometimes called being Intrapersonal smart.

Musical - Music Smart


You may be music smart. You will enjoy music and can recognise sounds,
and timbre, or the quality of a tone. This is sometimes called being
Musical smart.

Visual/Spatial - Picture Smart


You may be picture smart. You will be good at art and also good at other
activities where you look at pictures like map reading, finding your way
out of mazes and graphs. This is sometimes called being Visual/Spatial
smart.

Naturalistic - Nature Smart


You may be nature smart. You will like the world of plants and animals
and enjoy learning about them. This is sometimes called being
Naturalistic smart.

Learning

styles

Every student learns differently. Technically, an individuals learning style


refers to the preferential way in which the student absorbs, processes,
comprehends and retains information. Individualized learning styles has
gained widespread recognition in education theory and classroom
management strategy. Individual learning styles depend on cognitive,
emotional and environmental factors, as well as ones prior experience.
In other words: everyones different. It is important for educators to
understand the differences in their students learning styles, so that they
can implement best practice strategies into their daily activities,
curriculum and assessments.

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