Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Volume 1
1SDC008001D0201
ABB SACE
Protection and
control devices
Index
Introduction .............................................................................................. 2
1 Standards
1.1 General aspects .............................................................................. 3
1.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation .......................................... 15
2 Protection and control devices
2.1 Circuit-breaker nameplates ........................................................... 22
2.2 Main definitions ............................................................................. 25
2.3 Types of releases .......................................................................... 28
3 General characteristics
3.1 Electrical characteristics of circuit breakers ................................... 38
3.2 Trip curves .................................................................................... 47
3.3 Limitation curves ........................................................................... 94
3.4 Specific let-through energy curves .............................................. 116
3.5 Temperature derating .................................................................. 137
3.6 Altitude derating .......................................................................... 152
3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors ........................ 153
4 Protection coordination
4.1 Protection coordination ............................................................... 158
4.2 Discrimination tables ................................................................... 165
4.3 Back-up tables ........................................................................... 226
4.4 Coordination tables between circuit breakers and
switch disconnectors .................................................................. 230
5 Special applications
5.1 Direct current networks ............................................................... 234
5.2 Networks at particular frequencies; 400 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz .......... 245
5.3 1000 Vdc and 1000 Vac networks .............................................. 252
5.4 Automatic Transfer Switches ....................................................... 264
6 Switchboards
6.1 Electrical switchboards ............................................................... 273
6.2 MNS switchboards ..................................................................... 281
6.3 ArTu distribution switchboards .................................................... 282
Annex A: Calculation tools
A.1 Slide rules ............................................................................. 284
A.2 DOCWin ............................................................................... 290
Annex B: Temperature rise evaluation
according to IEC 60890 ....................................................... 294
Introduction
1 Standards
The scope of this electrical installation handbook is to provide the designer and
user of electrical plants with a quick reference, immediate-use working tool.
This is not intended to be a theoretical document, nor a technical catalogue,
but, in addition to the latter, aims to be of help in the correct definition of
equipment, in numerous practical installation situations.
The dimensioning of an electrical plant requires knowledge of different factors
relating to, for example, installation utilities, the electrical conductors and other
components; this knowledge leads the design engineer to consult numerous
documents and technical catalogues. This electrical installation handbook,
however, aims to supply, in a single document, tables for the quick definition of
the main parameters of the components of an electrical plant and for the selection
of the protection devices for a wide range of installations. Some application
examples are included to aid comprehension of the selection tables.
Juridical Standards
These are all the standards from which derive rules of behavior for the juridical
persons who are under the sovereignty of that State.
The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those who
are interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance technicians
through brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineers
through quick reference selection tables.
Validity of the electrical installation handbook
Some tables show approximate values due to the generalization of the selection
process, for example those regarding the constructional characteristics of
electrical machinery. In every case, where possible, correction factors are given
for actual conditions which may differ from the assumed ones. The tables are
always drawn up conservatively, in favour of safety; for more accurate
calculations, the use of DOCWin software is recommended for the dimensioning
of electrical installations.
Application fields
Electrotechnics and
Electronics
International Body
European Body
Telecommunications
Mechanics, Ergonomics
and Safety
IEC
ITU
ISO
CENELEC
ETSI
CEN
This technical collection takes into consideration only the bodies dealing with electrical and electronic
technologies.
1 Standards
1 Standards
The Low Voltage Directive refers to any electrical equipment designed for use
at a rated voltage from 50 to 1000 V for alternating current and from 75 to 1500 V for
direct current.
In particular, it is applicable to any apparatus used for production, conversion,
transmission, distribution and use of electrical power, such as machines,
transformers, devices, measuring instruments, protection devices and wiring
materials.
The following categories are outside the scope of this Directive:
electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere;
electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes;
electrical parts for goods and passenger lifts;
electrical energy meters;
plugs and socket outlets for domestic use;
electric fence controllers;
radio-electrical interference;
specialized electrical equipment, for use on ships, aircraft or railways, which
complies with the safety provisions drawn up by international bodies in which
the Member States participate.
1 Standards
1 Standards
CE conformity marking
The manufacturer
draw up the technical
documentation
covering the design,
manufacture and
operation of the
product
The manufacturer
guarantees and declares
that his products are in
conformity to the technical
documentation and to the
directive requirements
The international and national marks of conformity are reported in the following
table, for information only:
COUNTRY
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
EUROPE
Symbol
AUSTRALIA
AS Mark
AUSTRALIA
S.A.A. Mark
Standards Association of
Australia (S.A.A.).
The Electricity Authority of New
South Wales Sydney Australia
AUSTRIA
ASDC008045F0201
Manufacturer
EC declaration of
conformity
It is always advisable to ask ABB SACE as regards the typologies and the
performances of the certified circuit-breakers or to consult the section certificates
in the website http://bol.it.abb.com.
Flow diagram for the conformity assessment procedures established by the Directive
73/23/EEC on electrical equipment designed for use within particular voltage range:
Technical file
RINA
DNV
BV
GL
LRs
ABS
OVE
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
1 Standards
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
COUNTRY
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
AUSTRIA
VE Identification
Thread
Cables
CROATIA
KONKAR
BELGIUM
CEBEC Mark
DENMARK
DEMKO
Approval Mark
BELGIUM
CEBEC Mark
FINLAND
Safety Mark
of the Elektriska
Inspektoratet
Certification of
Conformity
FRANCE
ESC Mark
Household appliances
BELGIUM
CSA Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
CCEE Mark
FRANCE
NF Identification
Thread
Cables
EZU Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
Household appliances
EVPU Mark
CANADA
CHINA
Symbol
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Republic
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
1 Standards
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
COUNTRY
VDE Mark
ITALY
VDE
Identification Thread
Symbol
Mark designation
IMQ Mark
NORWAY
Norwegian Approval
Mark
Applicability/Organization
Mark to be affixed on electrical
material for non-skilled users; it
certifies compliance with the
European Standard(s).
NETHERLANDS
KEMA-KEUR
KEUR
HUNGARY
Electrical products
SINGAPORE
SIN
SLOVENIA
IRELAND
IIRS Mark
Electrical equipment
SPAIN
FO
AR
M
CO N F
IIRS Mark
MI
TY
MAR
SIQ
AEE
Electrical products.
The mark is under the control of
the Asociacin Electrotcnica
Espaola(Spanish Electrotechnical
Association)
AENOR
Asociacin Espaola de
Normalizacin y Certificacin.
(Spanish Standarization and
Certification Association)
R M I DA D A
SPAIN
Electrical equipment
SISIR
R MA S U N
OF
NO
C A DE CON
JIS Mark
GAPO
STA N D AR
PP
JAPAN
IRELAND
KWE
B
R O V ED T
MEEI
POLAND
geprfte
Sicherheit
VDE-GS Mark
for technical
equipment
GERMANY
I . I. R . S .
10
11
UNITED
KINGDOM
SWITZERLAND
Safety Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
SWITZERLAND
U.S.A.
TO
B R IT I S
ND
TES
TI
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
BSI
Safety Mark
BEAB
Kitemark
UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORIES
Mark
DENT LA B
OR
EN
AN I
EP
ET
SEMKO
Mark
AF
SWEDEN
Symbol
RY
COUNTRY
ATO
Applicability/Organization
A N D AR
ST
Mark designation
ROVED
Symbol
PP
COUNTRY
1 Standards
1 Standards
FO
R P U B L IC
L I S T E D
(Product Name)
(Control Number)
U.S.A.
UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORIES
Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
ASTA Mark
U.S.A.
UL Recognition
UNITED
KINGDOM
BASEC Mark
CEN
CEN Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
BASEC
Identification Thread
Cables
CENELEC
Mark
Cables
UNITED
KINGDOM
BEAB
Safety Mark
CENELEC
Harmonization Mark
K
AR
M
C
ER
TI
FI
C
AT
IO
N
E
AD
TR
SWITZERLAND
12
13
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
1 Standards
Mark designation
EC
Ex EUROPEA Mark
CEEel
CEEel Mark
Applicability/Organization
Mark assuring the compliance
with the relevant European
Standards of the products to be
used in environments with
explosion hazards
Mark which is applicable to some
household appliances (shavers,
electric clocks, etc).
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60027-1
1992
IEC 60034-1
1999
IEC 60617-DB-12M
2001
IEC 61082-1
1991
IEC 61082-2
1993
IEC 61082-3
1993
IEC 61082-4
1996
IEC 60038
IEC 60664-1
1983
2000
IEC 60909-0
2001
IEC 60865-1
1993
IEC 60781
1989
IEC 60076-1
IEC 60076-2
2000
1993
IEC 60076-3
2000
IEC 60076-5
2000
IEC/TR 60616
1978
IEC 60726
IEC 60445
1982
1999
EC - Declaration of Conformity
The EC Declaration of Conformity is the statement of the manufacturer, who
declares under his own responsibility that all the equipment, procedures or
services refer and comply with specific standards (directives) or other normative
documents.
The EC Declaration of Conformity should contain the following information:
name and address of the manufacturer or by its European representative;
description of the product;
reference to the harmonized standards and directives involved;
any reference to the technical specifications of conformity;
the two last digits of the year of affixing of the CE marking;
identification of the signer.
A copy of the EC Declaration of Conformity shall be kept by the manufacturer
or by his representative together with the technical documentation.
14
15
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60073
1996
IEC 60947-5-6
1999
IEC 60446
1999
IEC 60947-6-1
1998
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and
switching elements DC interface for
proximity sensors and switching
amplifiers (NAMUR)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment
Automatic transfer switching equipment
IEC 60447
1993
IEC 60947-6-2
1999
IEC 60947-1
2001
IEC 60947-2
2001
IEC 60947-7-1
1999
IEC 60947-3
2001
IEC 60947-7-2
1995
IEC 60439-1
1999
IEC 60439-2
2000
IEC 60439-3
2001
IEC 60439-4
1999
IEC 60439-5
1999
IEC 61095
2000
IEC 60947-4-1
2000
IEC 60947-4-2
2002
IEC 60947-4-3
1999
IEC 60947-5-1
2000
IEC 60947-5-2
1999
IEC 60947-5-3
1999
IEC 60947-5-4
IEC 60947-5-5
1996
1997
16
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment Control and protective switching devices
(or equipment) (CPS)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 1:
Terminal blocks
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 2:
Protective conductor terminal blocks for
copper conductors
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and
partially type-tested assemblies
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 2: Particular
requirements for busbar trunking systems
(busways)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
17
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60890
1987
IEC 61117
1992
IEC 60092-303
1980
IEC 60092-301
1980
IEC 60092-101
1994
IEC 60092-401
1980
IEC 60092-201
1994
IEC 60092-202
1994
IEC 60092-302
1997
IEC 60092-350
2001
IEC 60092-352
1997
IEC 60364-5-52
2001
IEC 60227
1998
1997
1997
1997
1998
2001
1995
IEC 60228
IEC 60245
1978
1998
1998
1994
STANDARD
18
YEAR
TITLE
1994
1994
1994
1998
IEC 60309-2
1999
IEC 61008-1
1996
IEC 61008-2-1
1990
IEC 61008-2-2
1990
IEC 61009-1
1996
IEC 61009-2-1
1991
IEC 61009-2-2
1991
IEC 60670
1989
IEC 60669-2-1
2000
IEC 60669-2-2
2000
IEC 606692-3
1997
19
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60079-10
1995
IEC 61032
1997
IEC 61000-1-1
1992
IEC 60079-14
1996
IEC 61000-1-2
2001
IEC 60079-17
1996
IEC 60269-1
1998
IEC 61000-1-3
2002
IEC 60269-2
1986
IEC 60269-3-1
2000
IEC 60127-1/10
1999
1989
1988
1996
1988
1994
IEC 60730-2-7
2001
1990
IEC 60364-1
2001
IEC 60364-4
2001
IEC 60364-5
20012002
IEC 60364-6
2001
IEC 60364-7
19832002
IEC 60529
2001
20
21
CIRCUIT-BREAKER TYPE
CIRCUIT-BREAKER TYPE
Rated ultimate short-circuit
breaking capacity at 415 Vac
B = 16 kA
C = 25 kA
N = 36 kA
S = 50 kA
H = 70 kA
L = 85 kA
Rated uninterrupted
current Iu
Rated operational
voltage Ue
Tmax T2L160
Ue (V)
Icu (kA)
Ics (% Icu)
Cat A
According to the
international Standard
IEC 60947-2, the circuit
breakers can be divided
into Category A, i.e.
without a specified
short-time withstand
current rating, or
Category B, i.e. with a
specified short-time
withstand current rating.
Series
S
Rated
uninterrupted
current
160 A
250 A
CE marking affixed on
ABB circuit-breakers to
indicate compliance
with the following CE
directives:
Low Voltage Directive
(LVD) no. 73/23 EEC
Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive
(EMC) no. 89/336 EEC.
Size
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rated insulation
voltage Ui; i.e. the
maximum r.m.s. value
of voltage which the
circuit-breaker is
capable of
withstanding at the
supply frequency
under specified test
conditions.
Rated operational
voltage Ue
Compliance with national and
international product Standards.
SACE S4H
Ue
22
N = 35 kA
S = 50 kA
H = 65 kA, 85 kA (S8)
L = 85 kA (S3), 100 kA
V = 120 kA
X = 200 kA
Rated uninterrupted
current Iu
Rated impulse
withstand voltage
Uimp; i.e. the peak
value of impulse
voltage which the
circuit-breaker can
withstand under
specified test
conditions.
(V)
230
400/415
440
500
690
100
65
50
40
22
According to the
international
Standard
IEC 60947-2:
Low-Voltage
switchgear and
controlgearCircuit-breakers.
Cat A
CE marking affixed on
ABB circuit-breakers to
indicate compliance
with the following CE
directives:
Low Voltage Directive
(LVD) no. 73/23 EEC
Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive
(EMC) no. 89/336 EEC.
ASDC008047F0201
Size
1
2
3
ASDC008046F0201
Series
T
23
Main characteristics
CIRCUIT-BREAKER TYPE
Series
E
Size
1
2
3
4
6
Rated
uninterrupted
current
800 A
08
1250 A
12
1600 A
16
2000 A
20
2500 A
25
3200 A
32
4000 A
40
5000 A
50
6300 A
63
Circuit-breaker
A mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking
currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified
time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as
those of short-circuit.
Current-limiting circuit-breaker
A circuit-breaker with a break-time short enough to prevent the short-circuit
current reaching its otherwise attainable peak value.
Plug-in circuit-breaker
A circuit-breaker which, in addition to its interrupting contacts, has a set of
contacts which enable the circuit-breaker to be removed.
Withdrawable circuit-breaker
A circuit-breaker which, in addition to its interrupting contacts, has a set of
isolating contacts which enable the circuit-breaker to be disconnected from
the main circuit, in the withdrawn position, to achieve an isolating distance in
accordance with specified requirements.
Moulded-case circuit-breaker
A circuit-breaker having a supporting housing of moulded insulating material
forming an integral part of the circuit-breaker.
Disconnector
A mechanical switching device which, in the open position, complies with the
requirements specified for the isolating function.
Release
A device, mechanically connected to a mechanical switching device, which
releases the holding means and permits the opening or the closing of the
switching device.
Rated uninterrupted
current Iu
Rated operational
voltage Ue
Iu=3200A Ue=690V
Icw=65kA x 1
Cat B
50-60 Hz
CEI EN 60947
(V) 230 415 440 500 690 250 IEC 947-2
Ue
(kA) 65 65 65 65 65 65
Icu
Ics
(kA) 65 65 65 65 65 65
SACE E3N 32
Rated short-time
withstand current Icw;
i.e. the maximum
current that
the circuit-breaker can
carry during a
specified time.
According to the
international Standard
IEC 60947-2, the circuitbreakers can be divided
into Category A, i.e.
without a specified shorttime withstand current
rating, or Category B, i.e.
with a specified short-time
withstand current rating.
Rated ultimate
short-circuit
breaking capacity
(Icu) and rated
service shortcircuit breaking
capacity (Ics) at
different voltage
values.
CE marking affixed on
ABB circuit-breakers to
indicate compliance
with the following CE
directives:
Low Voltage Directive
(LVD) no. 73/23 EEC
Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive
(EMC) no. 89/336 EEC.
24
ASDC008048F0201
25
Rated performances
Voltages and frequencies
Rated operational voltage (Ue)
A rated operational voltage of an equipment is a value of voltage which,
combined with a rated operational current, determines the application of the
equipment and to which the relevant tests and the utilization categories are
referred to.
Rated insulation voltage (Ui)
The rated insulation voltage of an equipment is the value of voltage to which
dielectric tests voltage and creepage distances are referred. In no case the
maximum value of the rated operational voltage shall exceed that of the rated
insulation voltage.
Rated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)
The peak value of an impulse voltage of prescribed form and polarity which the
equipment is capable of withstanding without failure under specified conditions
of test and to which the values of the clearances are referred.
Rated frequency
The supply frequency for which an equipment is designed and to which the
other characteristic values correspond.
Currents
Rated uninterrupted current (Iu)
The rated uninterrupted current of an equipment is a value of current, stated by
the manufacturer, which the equipment can carry in uninterrupted duty.
Rated residual operating current (In)
It is the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal residual operating current assigned to the
CBR by the manufacturer, at which the CBR shall operate under specified
conditions.
26
Utilization categories
The utilization category of a circuit-breaker shall be stated with reference to
whether or not it is specifically intended for selectivity by means of an intentional
time delay with respect to other circuit-breakers in series on the load side,
under short-circuit conditions (Table 4 IEC 60947-2).
Category A - Circuit-breakers not specifically intended for selectivity under
short-circuit conditions with respect to other short-circuit protective devices in
series on the load side, i.e. without a short-time withstand current rating.
Category B - Circuit-breakers not specifically intended for selectivity under
short-circuit conditions with respect to other short-circuit protective devices in
series on the load side, i.e. with and intentional short-time delay provided for
selectivity under short-circuit conditions. Such circuit-breakers have a shorttime withstand current rating.
27
for In 2500A
for In > 2500A
The choice and adjusting of protection releases are based both on the
requirements of the part of plant to be protected, as well as on the coordination
with other devices; in general, discriminating factors for the selection are the
required threshold, time and curve characteristic.
CircuitBreaker
T1
T2
T3
S3
S5
S6
R1
Thermal [A]
Magnetic type
0,71
10 x In
10 x In
10
(612) x In MO*
10 x In
(612) x In MO*
3 x In
5 x In
I3 [A]
10 x In
5 x In MO*
10 x In MO*
(412) x In MO*
2,5 x In
(510) x In
2,5 x In
(510) x In
The following table shows the available rated currents and the relevant magnetic
settings.
R1,6
R2 R2,5 R3
R3,2
R4
R5
R6,3
R8
1,11,6
1,42 1,82,5
2,23,2
2,84
3,55
4,46,3
5,68
710
32
40
50
3360
63
80
100
1825
500
500
16
20
MO
25
1530
MO
8,812,5 1116
500
500
500
67132
1420
500
500
120240
4463
630
630
314624
630
300
500
1236
2060
40120
100300
300
500
300
500
200600
5680
800
800
480960
800
400
800
400
800
R100
R125
R160
R200
R250 R320
R400
R500
R630
R800
70100 88125 112160 140200 175250 224320 280400 350500 441630 560800
1000
1250
1600
1000
1250
1600
6001200
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
6001200 7501500 9601920 12002400
300
375
480
600
750
500
630
800
1000
1250
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
500
630
800
1000
1250
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
4001200 5001500 6401920 8002400
800
700
1250
16003200 20004000 25005000
1580
2000
31506300 40008000
28
29
For example, a circuit-breaker type T2, with rated current In equal to 2.5 A, is
available in two versions:
- thermomagnetic with adjustable thermal current I1 from 1.8 up to 2.5 A and
fixed magnetic current I3 equal to 25 A;
- magnetic only (MO) with adjustable magnetic current I3 from 15 to 30 A.
CircuitRated
Breaker Current (Iu) R10 R25 R63 R100 R160 R200 R250 R320 R400 R630 R800 R1000 R1250 R1600 R2000 R2500 R3200
T2
160
S4
160
250
S5
400
630
S6
630
800
S7
1250
1600
S8
2000
2500
3200
L
PR221
Function PR211/PR212
PR212MP
S
PR221 (1)
Function PR211/PR212
I
PR221 (1)
Function PR211/PR212
PR212MP
(1)
R10
410
R25
1025
R63
25.263
10100
25250
63630
10100
25250
63630
R100
40100
40100
40100
1001000
1001000
1001000
1501200
6001300
R160
64160
64160
64160
1601600
1601600
1601600
2401920
9602080
R200
R250
R320
R400
R630
R800
R1000
R1250
R1600
R2000
R2500
R3200
100250
128320
128320
160400
160400
252630
252630
320800
4001000
4001000
5001250
6401600
8002000
10002500
12803200
2502500
3203200
4004000
6306300
8008000
3753000
4803840 6004800
19204160 24005200
9457560
37808190
80200
12002600
30
31
Rated
Circuit-Breaker Current (Iu) R250
E1B
800
E1N
1250
E2B
1600
2000
E2N
1250
1600
2000
E2L
1250
1600
E3N
2500
3200
E3S
1250
E3H
1600
2000
2500
3200
E3L
2000
2500
E4S
4000
E4H
3200
4000
E4S/f
4000
E6H
5000
6300
E6H/f
5000
6300
E6V
3200
4000
5000
6300
R400
R800
R250
R400
R800
R1000
R1250
R1600
R2000
R2500
R3200
R4000
R5000
R6300
PR111
Function PR112/PR113
100250
160400
320800
4001000
5001250
6401600
8002000
10002500
12803200
16004000
20005000
25206300
S
PR111
Function PR112/PR113
2502500
1502500
4004000
2404000
8008000
4808000
100010000
60010000
125012500
75012500
160016000
96016000
200020000
120020000
250025000
150025000
320032000
192032000
400040000
240040000
500050000
300050000
630063000
378063000
I
PR111
Function PR112/PR113
3753000
3753750
6004800
6006000
12009600
120012000
150012000
150015000
187515000
187518750
240019200
240024000
300024000
300030000
375030000
375037500
480038400
480048000
600048000
600060000
750060000
750075000
945075600
945094500
32
33
OV - Overvoltage protection
Protection function which intervenes when the phase voltage exceeds the preset
threshold.
RV - Residual voltage protection
Protection which identifies anomalous voltages on the neutral conductor.
RP - Reverse power protection
Protection which intervenes when the direction of the active power is opposite
to normal operation.
R - Protection against rotor blockage
Function intervening as soon as conditions are detected, which could lead to
the block of the rotor of the protected motor during operation.
Iinst - Very fast instantaneous protection against short-circuit
This particular protection function has the aim of maintaining the integrity of
the circuit-breaker and of the plant in case of high currents requiring delays
lower than those guaranteed by the protection against instantaneous shortcircuit. This protection must be set exclusively by ABB SACE and cannot be
excluded.
When the release detects a residual current different from zero, it opens the
circuit-breaker through an opening solenoid.
As we can see in the picture the protection conductor or the equipotential
conductor have to be installed outside the eventual external toroid.
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
Circuit-breaker
The following table summarizes the types of electronic release and the functions
they implement:
Emax
RELEASE
PR221DS
PR211/P
PR212/P
PR212/MP
PR111/P
PR112/P
PR113/P
VERSION
LS / LI
I
LI
LSI
LSIG
LRIU
LI
LSI
LSIG
LSI
LSIG
LSIG D UV - OV RV - U - RP
SIZE
T2
S4S7
S4S8
S4S7
E1E6
E1E6
E1E6
The settings and curves of the single protection functions are reported in the chapter 3.2.2
The residual current releases are associated with the circuit-breaker in order to
obtain two main functions in a single device:
- protection against overloads and short-circuits;
- protection against indirect contacts (presence of voltage on exposed
conductive parts due to loss of insulation).
Besides, they can guarantee an additional protection against the risk of fire
deriving from the evolution of small fault or leakage currents which are not
detected by the standard protections against overload.
Residual current devices having a rated residual current not exceeding 30 mA
are also used as a means for additional protection against direct contact in
case of failure of the relevant protective means.
Their logic is based on the detection of the vectorial sum of the line currents
through an internal or external toroid.
This sum is zero in service conditions or equal to the earth fault current (I) in
case of earth fault.
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
34
Opening
solenoid
Protective conductor
ASDC008002F0201
SERIES
Tmax
Isomax
Load
The operating principle of the residual current release makes it suitable for the
distribution systems TT, IT (even if paying particular attention to the latter) and
TN-S, but not in the systems TN-C. In fact, in these systems, the neutral is
used also as protective conductor and therefore the detection of the residual
current would not be possible if the neutral passes through the toroid, since the
vectorial sum of the currents would always be equal to zero.
35
breaking capacity), are type A devices and they do not need auxiliary supply
since they are self-supplied.
Form of residual
current
[V]
[A]
[A]
RC211
220 500
Up to 250
0.03-0.1-0.3
RC212
50 500
Up to 250
0.03-0.1-0.30.5-3
RC221
85 500
Up to 250
0.03-0.1-0.30.5-1-3
[s]
Instantaneous
Inst.-0.1-0.25
0.5-1-1.5
instantaneous
S3, S3D
20
S3, S3D
RC222
85 500
Up to 250
0.03-0.05-0.10.3-0.5-13-5-10
Inst. -0.1-0.2-10.3-0.5-1-23
20
T1, T2, T3,
T1D, T3D
Note: for detailed information, please consult the relevant technical catalogues.
Sinusoidal ac
suddenly applied
ABB SACE moulded-case circuit-breakers series Isomax1 and Tmax and air
circuit-breakers series Emax1 can be combined with the switchboard residual
current relay type RCQ, type A, with separate toroid (to be installed externally
on the line conductors).
ASDC008003F0201
slowly rising
suddenly applied
Pulsating dc
slowly rising
36
ac
dc
Trip threshold adjustements In
1st range of adjustements
2nd range of adjustements
Trip time adjustement
[V]
[V]
[A]
[A]
[s]
[%]
RCQ
80 500
48125
0.03 0.05 - 0.1 - 0.3 0.5
1 3 5 10 - 30
0 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.5 0.7 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5
20
Note: for detailed information, please consult the relevant technical catalogues.
The versions with adjustable trip times allow to obtain a residual current
protection system coordinated from a discrimination point of view, from the
main switchboard up to the ultimate load.
37
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
(ac) 50-60 Hz
(dc)
[A]
No.
[V]
[V]
[kV]
[V]
[V]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[%Icu]
[%Icu]
[%Icu]
[%Icu]
[%Icu]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[ms]
FC Cu
[No. Operations]
[No. operations per hour]
[No. Operations]
[No. operations per hour]
3 poles
L [mm]
4 poles
L [mm]
H [mm]
P [mm]
3/4 poles
[kg]
3/4 poles
[kg]
T1 1P
T1
T2
T3
160
1
240
125
8
500
3000
B
25 (3)
25 (at 125 V)
-
160
3/4
690
500
8
800
3000
250
3/4
690
500
8
800
3000
B
25
16
10
8
3
16
20
16
160
3/4
690
500
8
800
3000
C
40
25
15
10
4
25
30
25
N
50
36
22
15
6
36
40
36
N
65
36
30
25
6
36
40
36
S
85
50
45
30
7
50
55
50
H
100
70
55
36
8
70
85
70
L
120
85
75
50
10
85
100
85
N
50
36
25
20
5
36
40
36
S
85
50
40
30
8
50
55
50
75%
-
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
75%
100%
75%
75%
75%
75%
50% (25 kA)
50%
50%
50%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
75% (70 kA)
75%
75%
75%
75%
75%
75%
75%
75%
50%
50% (27 kA)
50%
50%
50%
52.5
7
A
IEC 60947-2
F
FC Cu - EF - FC CuAl
52,5
32
17
13.6
4.3
7
143
75.6
63
52.5
9.2
3
187
105
94.5
63
11.9
3
220
154
121
75.6
13.6
3
264
187
165
105
17
3
105
75.6
52.5
40
7.7
7
187
105
84
63
13.6
6
84
105
52.5
75.6
30
46.2
17
30
5.9
9.2
6
5
A
IEC 60947-2
F
F - FC Cu - FC CuAl - EF -
25000
240
8000
120
25.4 (1 pole)
130
70
0.4 (1 pole)
-
DIN EN 50022
25000
240
8000
120
76
102
130
70
0.9 / 1.2
(3)
The data in brackets indicates the absolute value [kA] of the rated short-circuit breaking capacity, Ics.
In the plug-in version, the maximum setting is derated by 10% at 40 C.
IEC 60947-2
(MF up to R12.5 A)
F - P (2)
F-FC Cu-FC CuAl-EF-ES95 mm2
38
DIN EN 50022
25000
240
8000
120
90
120
130
70
1.1 / 1.5
1.5 / 1.9
IEC 60947-2
F - P (2)
ES - R - FC CuAl 185 mm2
R - FC CuAl 240 mm2
DIN EN 50022
25000
120
8000
120
105
140
150
70
2.1 / 3
2.7 / 3.7
39
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
[A]
No.
[V]
[V]
[kV]
[V]
[V]
(ac) 50-60Hz
(dc)
Rated impulse withstand voltage, Uimp
Rated insulation voltage, Ui
Test voltage at industrial frequency for 1 min.
Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity, Icu
(ac) 50-60 Hz 220/230 V
[kA]
(ac) 50-60 Hz 380/415 V
[kA]
(ac) 50-60 Hz 440 V
[kA]
(ac)) 50-60 Hz 500 V
[kA]
(ac)) 50-60 Hz 690 V
[kA]
(dc) 250 V - 2 poles in series [kA]
(dc) 500 V - 2 poles in series [kA]
(dc) 500 V - 3 poles in series [kA]
(dc) 750 V - 3 poles in series [kA]
Rated short-circuit service
breaking capacity, Ics (2)
[%Icu]
Rated short-circuit making capacity (415 V) Icm
[kA]
Opening time (415V at Icu)
[ms]
Rated short-time withstand current for 1 s, Icw
[kA]
Utilization category (EN 60947-2)
Isolation behaviour
IEC 60947-2, EN 60947-2
Releases: thermomagnetic
T fixed, M fixed 5 In
T fixed, M fixed 10 In
T adjustable, M fixed 3 In
T adjustable, M fixed 5 In
T adjustable, M fixed 10 In
T adjustable, M adjustable
magnetic only
M fixed
with microprocessor
PR211/P (I-LI)
PR212/P (LSI-LSIG)
Interchangeability
Versions
Terminals
fixed
plug-in
withdrawable (3)
Fixing on DIN rail
Mechanical life
Electrical life (at 415 V)
3/4 poles
Weights
3/4 poles
3/4 poles
3/4 poles
fixed
plug-in
withdrawable
L [mm]
D [mm]
H [mm]
[kg]
[kg]
[kg]
S3
160 - 250
3-4
690
750
8
800
3000
N
H
L
65
100 170
35 (1) 65
85
30
50
65
25
40
50
14
18 20 (5)
35
65
85
35
50
65
20
35
50
S4
160 - 250
3-4
690
8
800
3000
N
H
L
65
100
200
35 (1)
65
100
30
50
80
25
40
65
18
22
30
-
N
65
35 (1)
30
25
20
35
35
20
100%
74
8
100%
74
8
100%
74
8
75%
143
7
75%
187
6
100%
143
7
75%
220
6
S5
400 - 630
3-4
690
750
8
800
3000
H
L
100
200
65
100
50
80
40
65
25
30
65
100
50
65
35
50
S
85
50
40
35
20
-
S8
2000 - 2500 - 3200
3-4
690
8
690
2500
H
V
85
120
85
120
70
100
50
70
40
50
-
100%
75% 50%
105
143
220
22
22
22
15 (1250A) - 20 (1600A)
B
F-W
F - EF - ES - FC CuAl
RC - R
F
F (2000-2500A) - VR
EF - HR - VR
F-W
F - EF - ES FC CuAl (1250A)
HR - VR
EF - HR - VR
20000/120
7000(630A)5000(800A)/60
210/280
103.5
268
9.5 / 12
12.1 / 15.1
10000/120
7000(1250A)5000(1600A)/20
210/280
138.5
406
17 / 22
21.8 / 29.2
10000/20
2500(2500A)/201500(3200A)/10
406/556
242
400
57/76
-
F-P-W
F - EF - ES - FC
FC CuAl - RC - R
EF - FC - R
EF - FC - R
EF - FC - R
EF - FC - R
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
F - P (400) - W
F - EF(400A) - ES - FC
FC CuAl (400A)RC (400A)-R
EF - FC - R
EF(400A) - ES FC (400A)R - VR (630A)
DIN EN 50023
25000/120
10000(160A)8000 (250A)/120
105/140
103.5
170
2.6 / 3.5
3.1 / 4.1
3.5 / 4.5
20000/120
10000(160A)8000(250A)/120
105/140
103.5
254
4 / 5.3
4.5 / 5.9
4. 9 / 6.3
20000/120
7000(400A)5000(630A)/60
140/184
103.5
254
5/7
6.1 / 8.4
6.4 / 8.7
40
L
200
100
80
65
30
100
65
50
S7
1250 - 1600
3-4
690
8
800
3000
H
L
100
200
65
100
55
80
45
70
25
35
-
100%
75%
143
220
7
6
5 (400A)
B (400A) - A (630A)
F-P-W
F- EF - ES - FC
FC CuAl - RC - R
N
65
35 (1)
30
25
20
35
20
16
S6
630 - 800
3-4
690
750
8
800
3000
S
H
85
100
50
65
45
50
35
40
22
25
50
65
35
50
20
35
KEY TO VERSIONS
F = Fixed
P = Plug-in
W = Withdrawable
KEY TO TERMINALS
F = Front
EF = Extended front
ES = Extended spreaded front
50%
187
20
50%
264
20
35
B
41
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
[A]
No.
125-200
3-4
250
3-4
400-630
3-4
690
[V]
690
690
[kV]
[V]
800
3000
800
3000
800
3000
[kA]
300
300
300
[kA]
[kA]
200
180
200
180
200
180
[kA]
150
150
150
[kA]
75 (2)(3)
75
75
100%
440
100%
440
100%
440
3,5
3,5
3,5
[%Icu]
[kA]
[ms]
Interchangeability
Versions
Terminals
fixed
plug-in
withdrawable
F-P-W
F-W
F - EF - ES - FC - FC CuAl - RC - R
EF - R
F - EF - ES - FC CuAl - RC - R
EF - HR - VR
EF - R
EF - R
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
25000/120
10000(125A)-8000(200A) / 120
20000/120
800 / 120
20000/120
7000(630A)-5000(800A)/60
L (3/4 poles)
[mm]
105/140
105/140
210/280
[mm]
103.5
103.5
103.5
H
fixed
[mm]
[kg]
255
3.6 / 4.8
339
5/7
268
9.5 / 12
plug-in
[kg]
6.3 / 8.7
8.2 / 10.7
withdrawable
[kg]
7.1 / 9.5
9 / 11.5
12.1 / 15.1
KEY TO VERSIONS
F = Fixed
P = Plug-in
W = Withdrawable
(1) The value of Ics at 500V and 690V for S3X, S4X and S6X is reduced by 25%
(2) For S3X with R32 setting: Icu (690V) = 50 kA and Ics = 100% Icu
Icu (500V) = 75 kA and Ics = 100% Icu
(3) S3X at 690V can only be supplied from above
F-P-W
F - EF - ES - FC - FC CuAl - RC - R
EF - R
42
KEY TO TERMINALS
F = Front
EF = Extended front
ES = Extended spreaded front
FC = Front for copper cables
FC CuAl = Front for copper or
aluminium cables
R = Rear threaded
RC = Rear for copper or aluminium cables
HR = Rear horizontal flat bar
VR = Rear vertical flat bar
43
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
E1
Voltages
Rated operational voltage Ue
Rated insulation voltage Ui
Rated impulse withstand
voltage Uimp
Test voltage at industrial
frequency for 1 minut
Service temperature
Storage temperature
Frequency f
Number of poles
Version
[V]
[V]
690 ~
1000
[kV]
12
[V]
[C]
[C]
[Hz]
3500 ~
-25....+70
-40....+70
50 - 60
3-4
Fixed -Withdrawable
Performance levels
Currents
Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 C) Iu
E6
800
1250
800
1250
1600
2000
1250
1600
2000
1250
1600
2500
3200
3200
4000
5000
6300
3200
4000
5000
6300
100
100
100
100
100
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
100
4000
100
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
100
2000
2500
[A]
[A]
[A]
[A]
[A]
[%Iu]
100
50
50
50
50
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
42
42
36
50
50
36
42
42
42
65
65
55
130
110
85
65
65
65
75
75
75
100
100
85 (2)
130
110
85
75
75
75
100
100
85 (2)(3)
100
100
100
150
150
100
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
42
42
36
36
36
50
50
36
50
36
42
42
42
42
42
65
65
55
55
42
130
110
65
10
65
65
65
65
65
75
75
75
75
65
85
85
85
75
65
130
110
65
15
75
75
75
75
75
100
100
85 (3)
100
75
100
100
100
100
85
125
125
100
100
85
[kA]
[kA]
[kA]
88.2
88.2
75.6
B
105
105
75.6
B
88.2
88.2
88.2
B
143
143
121
B
286
242
187
A
143
143
143
B
165
165
165
B
220
220
187
B
286
242
187
A
165
165
165
B
220
220
187
B
220
220
220
B
330
330
220
B
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
12
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
12
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
30
80
70
30
(1s)
(3s)
Operating times
Closing time (max)
Break time for I<Icw (max) (1)
Break time for I>Icw (max)
[ms]
[ms]
[ms]
Overall dimensions
Fixed: H = 418 mm - D = 302 mm L (3/4 poles)
Withdrawable: H = 461 mm - D = 396.5 mm L (3/4 poles)
[mm]
[mm]
E4
Overcurrent protection
Microprocessor-based releases for AC applications
E1 B-N
E3
E2
[kg]
[kg]
E2 B-N
296/386
324/414
45/54
70/82
45/54
70/82
E2 L
296/386
324/414
50/61
78/93
404/530
432/558
50/61
78/93
52/63
80/95
566/656
594/684
782/908
810/936
66/80
66/80
66/80
72/83
97/117 97/117 140/160 140/160
104/125 104/125 104/125 110/127 147/165 147/165 210/240 210/240
E3 N-S-H
E3 L
E4 S-H
E6 H-V
[A]
800
1250
1250
1600
2000
1250
1600
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
2000
2500
3200
4000
3200
4000
5000
6300
[Operations x 1000]
[Operations per hour]
[Operations x 1000]
[Operations x 1000]
[Operations per hour]
25
60
10
10
30
25
60
10
8
30
25
60
15
15
30
25
60
12
10
30
25
60
10
8
30
20
60
4
3
20
20
60
3
2
20
20
60
12
12
20
20
60
10
10
20
20
60
9
9
20
20
60
8
7
20
20
60
6
5
20
15
60
2
1.5
20
15
60
1.8
1.3
20
15
60
7
7
10
15
60
5
4
10
12
60
5
5
10
12
60
4
4
10
12
60
3
2
10
12
60
2
1.5
10
44
45
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
[A]
[A]
Number of poles
Rated operational voltage Ue
[V ~]
Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu
220/230/380/400/415 V ~
[kA]
440 V ~
[kA]
500/660/690 V ~
[kA]
Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics
220/230/380/400/415 V ~
[kA]
440 V ~
[kA]
500/660/690 V ~
[kA]
Rated short-time withstand current Icw
(1s)
[kA]
(3s)
[kA]
Rated short-circuit making capacity Icm
[kA]
Utilization category (in accordance with IEC 60947-2)
Isolation behavior (in accordance with IEC 60947-2)
Overall dimensions
Fixed: H = 418 mm - D = 302 mm L
[mm]
Withdrawable: H = 461 - D = 396.5 mm L
[mm]
Weights (circuit-breaker complete with releases and CT, not including accessories)
Fixed
[kg]
Withdrawable (including fixed part)
[kg]
E4S/f
E6H/f
4000
4
690
5000
6300
4
690
80
80
75
100
100
100
80
80
75
100
100
100
80
75
176
B
100
85
220
B
746
774
1034
1062
120
170
165
250
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
The overload protection function must not trip the breaker in 2 hours for current
values which are lower than 1.05 times the set current, and must trip within 1.3
times the set current. By cold trip conditions, it is meant that the overload
occurs when the circuit-breaker has not reached normal working temperature
(no current flows through the circuit-breaker before the anomalous condition
occurs); on the contrary by hot trip conditions refers to the circuit-breaker
having reached the normal working temperature with the rated current flowing
through, before the overload current occurs. For this reason cold trip conditions
times are always greater than hot trip conditions times.
The protection function against short-circuit is represented in the time-current
curve by a vertical line, corresponding to the rated value of the trip threshold I3.
In accordance with the Standard IEC 60947-2, the real value of this threshold
is within the range 0.8I3 and 1.2I3. The trip time of this protection varies
according to the electrical characteristics of the fault and the presence of other
devices: it is not possible to represent the envelope of all the possible situations
in a sufficiently clear way in this curve; therefore it is better to use a single
straight line, parallel to the current axis. All the information relevant to this trip
area and useful for the sizing and coordination of the plant are represented in
the limitation curve and in the curves for the specific let-through energy of the
circuit-breaker under short-circuit conditions.
Tmax T1 160 TMD
R16-R63
103
102
101
R20
R32
R50R63
R40
TSTM0001
10-1
R25
R16
10-2
10-1
46
101
102
x In
47
3 General characteristics
Tmax T1 160 TMD
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
R80-R160
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-1
TSTM0002
103
R80R160
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
48
R1-R100
R1-R12,5
R50-R100
R16
R25
R40
R32
TSTM0003
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
3 General characteristics
R20
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
49
3 General characteristics
Tmax T2 160 TMD
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
R125-R160
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-1
R63-R250
TSTM0004
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
3 General characteristics
TSTM0016
R63R250
R125R160
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
50
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
51
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
SACE Isomax S3 160
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
SACE Isomax S3 160 S3 250
release
t [s] 104
I3 = 10 x In
103
103
102
102
10
101
10-1
10-1
I3 = 10 x In
S3 160 R80R160
1,05
10
102
x In
52
GSISO205
10-2
10-1
R32
GSISO204
R50
10-2
10-1
1,05
101
102
x In
53
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
t [s]
release
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
SACE Isomax S3 160 S3 250
release
t [s] 104
I3 = 5 x In
104
I3 = 3 x In I3 = 5 x In
103
103
102
102
101
101
1
1
S3 160 R80R160
10-1
R50
10-2
101
102
x In
54
GSISO205
1SDC008001F0001
R32
10-1
10-1
10-2
10-1
1,05
10-1
102
x In
55
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
SACE Isomax S5 400 (R320-400) S5 630 (R500)
release
t [s] 104
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
t [s] 104
I3 = 2.5 In
I3 = 510 In
103
103
102
102
101
101
1
1
10-1
10-2
10-1
101
102
10-2
10-1
56
1,05
101
102
x In
x In
GSISO208
1SDC008002F0001
10-1
57
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
SACE Isomax S6 630 (R630)
t [s] 104
release
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
I3 = 2.5 In
I3 = 510 In
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-2
10-1
101
102
GSISO209
1SDC008003F0001
10-1
10-2
10-1
x In
58
1 1,05
101
102
x In
59
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
SACE Isomax S6 800 (R800)
release
t [s] 104
Trip curve
thermomagnetic
release
I3 = 2.5 In
I3 = 510 In
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
1
1
10-1
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
60
GSISO210
1SDC008004F0001
10-1
10-2
10-1
1,05
101
102
x In
61
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Consider a circuit-breaker type T1 160 R160 and select, using the trimmer for
thermal regulation, the current threshold, for example at 144 A; the magnetic
trip threshold, fixed at 10ln, is equal to 1600 A.
Note that, according to the conditions under which the overload occurs, that is
either with the circuit-breaker at full working temperature or not, the trip of the
thermal release varies considerably. For example, for an overload current of
600 A, the trip time is between 1.2 and 3.8 s for hot trip, and between 3.8 and
14.8 s for cold trip.
For fault current values higher than 1600 A, the circuit-breaker trips
instantaneously through magnetic protection.
Introduction
The following figures show the curves of the single protection functions available
in the electronic releases. The setting ranges and resolution are referred to
setting operations to be carried out locally.
L FUNCTION
t [s] 104
I1
103
t [s] 104
102
103
t1
101
102
1
14.8 s
1SDC008006F0001
101
10-1
3.8 s
1.2 s
10-2
10-1
PR221
1SDC008005F0001
600 A
10-1
10-2
101
102
103
PR211
PR212
PR111
PR112
PR113
t1
104
I1
I [A]
62
101
I1
(0.4 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.6 0.64 0.68 0.72
0.76 0.8 0.84 0.88 - 0.92 0.96 1) x In
(0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 1) x In
(0.4 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
0.875 0.9 0.925 0.95 - 0.975 1) x In
(0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 1) x In
PR221
PR211
PR212
1.051.3 x I1
PR111
1.11.2 x I1
PR112
PR113
1.11.2 x I1
102
x In
A= 3s; B= 6s (@ 6 x I1)
A= 3s; B= 6s; C= 12s; D= 18s (@ 6 x I1)
A= 3s; B= 6s; C= 12s; D= 18s (@ 6 x I1)
A= 3s; B= 6s; C= 12s; D= 18s (@ 6 x I1)
t1
10 % (up to 2 x In)
20 % (over 2 x In)
10 % (up to 3 x In)
20 % (over 3 x In)
10 % (up to 4 x In)
20 % (over 4 x In)
63
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
(I2t=k, t=k)
S FUNCTION
I FUNCTION
t [s] 104
t [s] 104
103
103
I2
102
102
101
101
I2t=k
I3
t2
1SDC008007F0001
t=k
10-1
10-2
10-1
PR221
PR211
PR212
PR111
PR112
PR113
101
I2
(1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7 7.5 8
8.5 9 10 OFF) x In
t2
10-1
10-2
10-1
102
x In
(1 2 3 4 6 8 10 OFF) x In
PR221
PR211
PR212
PR111
PR112
PR113
Tripping time:
20 %
PR221
PR211
PR212
20 %
15 ms
20 %
PR111
20 %
35 ms up to 3 x In
30 ms over 3 x In
PR112
PR113
10 % up to 4 x In
15 % over 4 x In
25 ms
t2
PR111 10 %
20 % (I2t=k)
the better between 20 % and 50 ms (t=k)
the better between 10 % and 50 ms (up to 4 x In, with t=k)
the better between 15 % and 50 ms (over 4 x In, with t=k)
15 % (up to 4 x In, with I2t=k)
20 % (over 4 x In, with I2t=k)
102
x In
(1.5 2 4 6 8 10 12 OFF) x In
I3
I2
PR221 10 % (up to 2 x In)
20 % (over 2 x In)
PR211 10 %
PR212
101
I3
(1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 10 OFF) x In
1SDC008008F0001
64
65
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
(I2t=k, t=k)
G FUNCTION
PR221DS
t [s] 104
Tmax T2 160
LS function
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
0,4-0,44-0,48-0,52-0,56-0,60-0,64-0,680,72-0,76-0,80-0,84-0,88-0,92-0,96-1
103
0,4
103
I4
1
1,5
2
2,5
102
102
A
101
3
3,5
4,5
101
102
B
1
t4
10-1
I2t=k
10-2
10-1
101
10-2
TSTM0006
1SDC008009F0001
t=k
10-1
10-3
10-1
102
101
10-1
x In
10
I [kA]
x In
I4
(0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 OFF) x In
PR212
PR111 (1)
PR112
(0.2 1 OFF) x In with step 0.02 x In
PR113
(1)
t4
A= 0.1s; B= 0.2s; C= 0.4s; D= 0.8s (@ 4 x I4)
0.1 1s with step 0.05s (@ 4 x I4)
I4
20 %
10 %
PR112
10 %
PR113
7 % up to 4 x In
t4
20 %
20 %
20 % (I2t=k)
the better between 10 % and 50 ms (t=k) up to 4 x In
15 % (I2t=k)
the better between 10 % and 50 ms (t=k) up to 4 x In
66
67
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR221DS
PR211/P
Trip curve
electronic releases
Tmax T2 160
LI function
t [s] 10 4
t [s] 104
0,4-0,44-0,48-0,52-0,56-0,60-0,64-0,680,72-0,76-0,80-0,84-0,88-0,92-0,96-1
1
0,4
0,5
10 3
0,4
1,5
103
0,7 0,95
0,6 0,8 1
0,9
2
2,5
10 2
1,5
3,5
4,5
D
C
102
B
10 1
102
D
C
101
1
10
12
B
A
10 -1
10 -3
10 -1
10 1
10 -1
x In
10
I [kA]
10-1
GSIS0211
TSTM0005
10 -2
10-2
Note: for PR221DS-I releases, please consider the curves relevant to I function only.
10-1
1,05
101
102
x In
Note: for PR211/P-I releases, consider the curves relevant to function I only.
68
69
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR212/P
PR212/P
Trip curve
electronic releases
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
t [s] 104
0,4-0,5-0,55-0,6-0,65-0,7-0,75-0,80,85-0,875-0,9-0,925-0,95-0,975-1
0,4-0,5-0,55-0,6-0,65-0,7-0,75-0,80,85-0,875-0,9-0,925-0,95-0,975-1
0,4
0,4
103
103
1,5
1,5
2
D
C
102
102
B
1
D
C
2
3
B
A
4
6
101
D
C
10
101
12
D
C
12
10
8 10
10
I2t OFF
I t ON
10-1
10-1
10-2
10-1
1,05
101
102
GSIS0213
GSIS0212
10-2
10-1
x In
70
1,05
101
102
x In
71
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR212/P
Trip curve
electronic releases
PR212/MP
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
0,2
0,3 0,4
0,6
t [s]
0,8
0,9
hot
103
104
102
103
101
102
101
10-1
cold
30
20
10
10
30
20
10
10-2
10-1
1,05
101
GSIS0216
GSIS0214
10
10-1
102
10-1
x In
1,05
102
101
I / I1
PR212/MP
I1
(0.4 1) x In with step 0.01 x In
PR212/MP
I1
According to IEC 60947-4-1
t1
4 8 16 24 s
72
t1
According to IEC 60947-4-1
73
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR212/MP
Trip curve
electronic releases
PR212/MP
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 105
t [s] 105
hot
104
104
103
103
102
102
U function
R function
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
101
101
10
7
4
30
20
10
10-1
1,05
10-1
GSIS0217
10-1
101
GSIS0218
10
10-1
102
1,05
102
101
I / I1
I / I1
R
PR212/MP
I5
(3 - 4- 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 10 - OFF) x I1
t5
1 4 7 10 s
U
PR212/MP
I6
0.4 x I1
t6
4s
R
PR212/MP
I5
10 %
t5
20 %
U
PR212/MP
I6
20 %
t6
20 %
74
75
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR212/MP
PR111/P
SACE Emax
LI function
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 103
t [s] 104
13
12
103
11
102
10
9
8
102
10
6
101
1
1
10-1
1SDC200100F0001
10-1
10-2
10-2
GSIS0219
10-3
10-3
10-1
PR212/MP
1,05
101
10-1
101
102
x In
102
x In
I3
(6 - 7- 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - OFF) x In
76
77
3 General characteristics
PR111/P
PR111/P
SACE Emax
LSI function, S independent time delay (I2t = cost.OFF)
Trip curve
electronic releases
SACE Emax
LSI function, S inverse short time delay (I2t = const. ON)
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-1
1SDC200101F0001
t [s] 104
10-2
10-3
10-1
101
102
1SDC200102F0001
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
10-2
10-3
10-1
x In
78
101
102
x In
79
3 General characteristics
PR111/P
PR112/P-PR113/P
SACE Emax
LSI function, S inverse short time delay (I2t = cost. ON)
Trip curve
electronic releases
SACE Emax
G function
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-1
1SDC200103F0001
t [s] 104
10-2
10-3
10-1
101
102
1SDC200110F0001
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
10-2
10-3
10-1
80
101
102
x In
x In
81
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
PR112/P PR113/P
PR112/P PR113/P
Trip curve
electronic releases
SACE Emax
LSI function, S independent time delay (I2t = constant OFF)
SACE Emax
G function
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-1
1SDC200111F0001
t [s] 104
10-2
10-3
10-1
101
102
1SDC200112F0001
Trip curve
electronic releases
10-2
10-3
10-1
x In
82
101
102
x In
83
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
The following three curves refer to the protection function L complying with
Std. IEC 60255-3 and integrate the standard one; they are applicable in
coordination with fuses and MV circuit- breakers.
Trip curve
electronic releases
103
t [s] 104
102
103
101
102
1SDC200119F0001
1
101
10-1
1SDC200118F0001
10-1
10-1
101
10-1
101
102
x In
102
x In
84
85
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
PR113/P release Other protection functions
t [s] 104
The following curves refer to the particular protection functions provided for
PR113/P.
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
1SDC200120F0001
10-1
10-1
101
1SDC200121F0001
102
x In
PR113
I1
(0.4 1) x In with step 0.01 x In
t1
b = 0.2 10 with step 0.1 s
10-1
10-2
10-1
101
102
x In
1.11.25 x I1
30 % (2 5) x In
20 % over 5 x In
PR113
I7
(0.6 10 OFF) x In with step 0.1 x In
PR113
I7
10 %
t7
0.2 0.75s with step 0.01s
86
t7
20 %
87
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
t [s] 104
103
103
102
102
101
101
1SDC200122F0001
10-1
10-2
10-1
1SDC200123F0001
10-1
10-2
101
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
x In
PR113
I6
(10% 90% OFF) with step 10%
PR113
I6
10 %
t6
0.5 60s with step 0.5s
PR113
I6
(0.6 0.95 OFF) x Un with step 0.01 x Un
PR113
I6
5%
1.3
x Un
t6
0.1 5s with step 0.1s
88
t6
20 %
89
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
t [s] 104
104
103
103
102
102
101
101
10-1
10-2
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1SDC200125F0001
1SDC200124F0001
10-1
0
1.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
x Un
x Un
PR113
I9
(1.05 1.2 OFF) x Un with step 0.01 x Un
PR113
I9
5%
t9
0.1 5s with step 0.1s
PR113
I10
(0.1 0.4 OFF) x Un with step 0.05 x Un
PR113
I10
5%
t10
0.5 30s with step 0.5s
90
t10
20 %
91
3 General characteristics
Trip curve
electronic releases
3 General characteristics
Example of electronic release setting
t [s] 104
L
S
I
103
I1=0.6
I2=4
I3=8
t1=C
t2=C (t=k)
The trip curve of the release is represented in the following figure (continuous
lines): it can be seen that:
for function L, the curve is represented by the mean value between the
tolerances given by the Standard (the overload protection function must not
trip for current values lower than 1.05ln, and must trip within 1.3ln), therefore
corresponding to 1.175ln (around 700 A);
graphically, point 1 is obtained at the intersection of the vertical part of function
L and the horizontal segment (C0.4In-C1In) which connects the points relevant
to the same t1, taken from the curves with setting 0.4ln and 1ln;
corresponding to point 2 (4000 A), the function S takes the place of function
L, as the trip time of function S is lower than the trip time of function L;
in the same way as for point 2, for point 3 (8000 A) and beyond, function S is
substituted by function I.
102
1SDC200126F0001
101
10-1
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
t [s]
104
x Pn
PR113
P11
(-0.3 -0.1 OFF) x Pn with step 0.02 x Pn
PR113
P11
10 %
C0.4In
t11
0.1 25s with step 0.1s
102
t11
20 %
101
C1In
1SDC008010F0001
10-1
l3=8
10-2
10-1
92
101
102
I [kA]
93
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Ip [kA]
Curve A
84
10 2
68
16.2
Curve B
10 1
1SDC008011F0001
Prospective
short-circuit current
Limited
short-circuit current
10 1
40
10 2
Irms [kA]
The following diagram shows the limit curve for Tmax T2L160, R160 circuit-breaker.
The x-axis shows the effective values of the symmetrical prospective short-circuit
current, while the y-axis shows the relative peak value. The limiting effect can
be evaluated by comparing, at equal values of symmetrical fault current, the
peak value corresponding to the prospective short-circuit current (curve A) with
the limited peak value (curve B).
Circuit-breaker T2L160 with thermomagnetic release R160 at 400 V, for a fault
current of 40 kA, limits the short-circuit peak to 16.2 kA only, with a reduction
of about 68 kA compared with the peak value in the absence of limitation (84 kA).
1SDC008012F0001
Ik
94
95
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Ip [kA] 102
R80-R160
R40-R63
R25-R32
R20
101
R16
R12,5
102
R10
R8
R6,3
R5
R160
101
R125
R4
R100
R3,2
R2,5
R80
R40-R63
R2
10-1
R32
R1,6
R20-R25
R1
1
1
101
10 2
103
Irms [kA]
96
10-2
10-2
TSTM0020
TSTM0019
R16
10-1
101
10 2
10 3
104
105
Irms [kA]
97
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
10 3
Ip [kA] 103
10 2
102
R250
R200
R160
R125
R160
R100
10 1
R125
R80
R100
101
R63
R80
R40-R63
R32
R20-R25
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
98
TSTM0022
TSTM0021
R16
1
1
101
102
103
Irms [kA]
99
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Ip [kA] 102
R80-R160
R40-R63
R25-R32
R20
R16
101
R12,5
102
R10
R8
R6,3
R5
R250
R4
R200
R3,2
R160
R125
R2,5
R2
R1,6
R80
R1
10-1
10 1
102
10 3
104
105
Irms [kA]
100
TSTM0024
R63
TSTM0023
10-1
10-2
10-2
R100
101
1
1
10 1
102
103
Irms [kA]
101
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Ip [kA]
101
102
R100-R160
R80-R160
R50-R80
R40-R63
R16-R40
R25-R32
R20
R16
101
R12,5
R10
R8
R6,3
R5
R4
R3,2
R2,5
R2
R1,6
R1
1
1
101
Irms [kA]
102
10-2
10-2
TSTM0027
TSTM0025
10-1
10-1
10 1
102
103
Irms [kA]
103
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Tmax T3 250 690V
Ip [kA] 103
Ip [kA] 10 2
250
200
160
102
125
100
80
50
32
10 1
R250
R200
R160
101
R125
R100
R80
1
1
10 1
102
103
Irms [kA]
GSIS0222
TSTM0028
R63
1
1
104
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
105
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
SACE Isomax S4 160 S4 250 S5 S6 630 S6 800 S7 S8 230V
Ip [kA]
S7
S8
S6X
10 2
S6 800
S4X
S6 630
S3X 200
In200
S5
S3X 200
In160
S4 250
S4 160
S3X 200
In125
10 1
S3X 125
In125
S3X 125
In100
S3X 125
In80
S3X 125
In50
3
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
106
GSIS0225
S3X 125
In32
GSIS0223
10
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
107
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
SACE Isomax S4 160 S4 250 S5 S6 630 S6 800 S7 S8 400 - 440V
Ip [kA] 10 2
S8
S7
250
10 2
200
S6 800
160
S6 630
125
S5
100
S4 250
80
S4 160
50
10 1
32
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
108
GSIS0229
GSIS0228
10 1
3
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
109
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Ip [kA] 10
S6X
S4X
S3X 200
In 200
S3X 200
In 160
250
S3X 200
In 125
200
S3X 125
In 125
160
S3X 125
In 100
10 1
125
100
10 1
S3X 125
In 80
80
S3X 125
In 50
50
32
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
110
GSIS0234
GSIS0231
S3X 125
In 32
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
111
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Limitation curves
Ip [kA]
S6X
S4X
10 2
S3X 200
In 200
S8
S3X 200
In 160
S3X 200
In 125
S7
S3X 125
In 125
S6 800
S6 630
S3X 125
In 100
10 1
S5
S3X 125
In 80
S4 250
S3X 125
In 50
S4 160
S3X 125
In 32
3
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
112
GSIS0237
GSIS0235
10 1
1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
113
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Limitation curves
Emax E3L 660/690V-380/400V
Limitation curves
Emax E2L 660/690 V-380/400V
Ip [kA]
103
Ip [kA] 103
660/690 V
380/400 V
(660/690 V)
(380/400 V)
102
102
101
1
1
101
102
1SDC200094F0001
1SDC200092F0001
101
1
1
101
102
103
Irms [kA]
103
Irms [kA]
114
115
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
The following is an example of the reading from a diagram of the specific letthrough energy curve for a circuit-breaker type T3S 250 R160 at 400 V.
The x-axis shows the symmetrical prospective short-circuit current, while the
y-axis shows the specific let-through energy values, expressed in (kA)2s.
Corresponding to a short-circuit current equal to 20 kA, the circuit-breaker lets
through a value of I2t equal to 1.17 (kA)2s (1170000 A2s).
R160
R125
R100
R80
I2 t
10 3
[(kA)2s]
10 -1
R40-R63
R32
R20-R25
R16
TSTM0009
10 2
10 -2
1
10 1
101
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
1.17
1SDC008013F0001
10 -1
10 -2
1
10 1
20
10 2
Irms [kA]
116
117
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
Tmax T2 160 230V
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s]
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 10 1
R80-R160
R40-R63
R25-R32
R20
10 -1
R16
R12,5
R250
R10
10 -2
R200
R8
R160
R6,3
R125
R5
R100
R4
10 -3
R80
R3,2
R63
10 -4
10 -1
R2,5
10 -5
R1,6
R1
10 -6
10 -2
10 -1
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
Irms [kA]
118
10 -2
TSTM0011
TSTM0010
R2
101
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
119
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
Tmax T1 160 400-440V
I t [(kA) s]
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 10 1
1
R80-R160
R40-R63
R25-R32
10 -1
R20
R16
R12,5
10 -2
R160
R10
R125
R8
R100
R6,3
R80
R5
10 -3
R40-R63
R4
R32
R20-R25
R16
10 -4
10 -1
R3,2
R2,5
R2
10 -2
1
101
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
120
R1,6
R1
TSTM0013
TSTM0012
10 -5
10 -6
10 -2
10 -1
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
Irms [kA]
121
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
Tmax T1 160 690V
[(kA) 2 s]
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s]
10 1
0.50
R250
R200
R100-R160
R160
R50-R80
R125
R16-R40
0.20
R100
R80
R63
10 -1
0.05
10 -1
10 -2
1
101
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
122
TSTM0015
TSTM0014
0.02
10 -2
1
10 1
Irms [kA]
123
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 10 1
R80-R160
10 -1
R40-R63
R25-R32
R20
R16
10 -2
R12,5
10 -3
R250
R10
R200
R8
R160
R6,3
R125
R5
R100
R80
R63
10 -4
10 -1
R4
R3,2
R2,5
R2
10 -5
10 -6
10 -2
10 -1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
124
TSTM0018
TSTM0017
R1,6
R1
10 -2
1
101
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
125
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
SACE Isomax S3 160 S3 250 230V
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s]
10
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s] 10 3
S8
S7
10 2
10 1
250
200
S6 800
160
10 1
125
S6 630
100
S5
80
S4 250
50
S4 160
32
GSIS0240
10 -2
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
126
GSIS0241
10 -1
10 -1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
127
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
SACE Isomax S3X 125 S3X 200 S4X S6X 230V
I t [(kA) s] 10 2
10 1
[(kA) 2 s]
10
10 1
S6X
250
200
160
125
S4X
S3X 200
In 200
100
80
S3X 200
In 160
50
32
S3X 200
In 125
S3X 125
In 125
S3X 125
In 100
10 -1
10 -1
S3X 125
In 32
10 -2
GSIS0246
S3X 125
In 50
GSIS0243
S3X 125
In 80
10 -2
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
128
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
129
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
SACE Isomax S3X 125 S3X 200 S4X S6X 400-440V
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s]
10
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 10 2
S8
S7
S6X
10 2
10 1
S4X
S6 800
S3X 200
In 200
S6 630
10 1
S3X 200
In 160
S5
S4 250
S3X 200
In 125
S4 160
S3X 125
In 125
S3X 125
In 100
S3X 125
In 80
10 -1
S3X 125
In 50
10 -1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
130
GSIS0249
GSIS0247
S3X 125
In 32
10 -2
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
131
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
SACE Isomax S3 160 S3 250 690V
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s]
10
I 2t
[(kA) 2 s]
10 3
10 2
10 1
S8
250
S7
200
160
S6 800
125
S6 630
10 1
100
S5
80
S4 250
50
S4 160
32
GSIS0252
10 -2
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
132
GSIS0253
10 -1
10 -1
1
10 1
10 2
10 3
Irms [kA]
133
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
Specific let-through
energy curves
EMAX E2L 660/690V-380/400V
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 10 2
I 2 t [(kA) 2 s] 103
S6X
10
660/690 V
380/400 V
102
S4X
S3X 200
In 200
S3X 200
In 160
S3X 200
In 125
S3X 125
In 125
101
S3X 125
In 100
S3X 125
In 80
!SDC200093F0001
S3X 125
In 50
10 -1
10
GSIS0255
S3X 125
In 32
-2
10 1
10 2
1
1
101
102
103
Irms [kA]
10 3
Irms [kA]
134
135
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Specific let-through
energy curves
380/400 V
102
SDC200095F0001
101
1
1
101
102
These values are valid for a maximum reference ambient temperature of 40C,
as stated in Standard IEC 60947-1, clause 6.1.1.
Whenever the ambient temperature is other than 40C, the value of the current
which can be carried continuously by the circuit-breaker is given in the following
tables:
103
Irms [kA]
10 C
MIN MAX
13
18
16
23
20
29
26
37
32
46
40
58
51
72
64
92
81
115
101
144
129
184
20 C
MIN MAX
12
18
15
22
19
28
25
35
31
44
39
55
49
69
62
88
77
110
96
138
123
176
30 C
MIN MAX
12
17
15
21
18
26
24
34
29
42
37
53
46
66
59
84
74
105
92
131
118
168
40 C
MIN MAX
11
16
14
20
18
25
22
32
28
40
35
50
44
63
56
80
70
100
88
125
112
160
50 C
MIN MAX
11
15
13
19
16
23
21
30
26
38
33
47
41
59
53
75
66
94
82
117
105 150
60 C
MIN MAX
10
14
12
18
15
22
20
28
25
35
31
44
39
55
49
70
61
88
77
109
98
140
70 C
MIN MAX
9
13
11
16
14
20
18
26
23
33
28
41
36
51
46
65
57
81
71
102
91
130
(*) For the T1 1P circuit-breaker (fitted with TMF fixed thermomagnetic release), only
consider the column corresponding to the maximum adjustment of the TMD releases.
136
137
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Tmax T2
TMD
R1
R1.6
R2
R2.5
R3.2
R4
R5
R6.3
R8
R10
R12.5
R16
R20
R25
R32
R40
R50
R63
R80
R100
R125
R160
SACE Isomax S3
10 C
MIN MAX
0.8
1.1
1.3
1.8
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.6
3.7
3.2
4.6
4.0
5.7
5.1
7.2
6.4
9.2
8.0
11.5
10.1 14.4
13
18
16
23
20
29
26
37
32
46
40
57
51
72
64
92
80
115
101
144
129
184
20 C
MIN MAX
0.8
1.1
1.2
1.8
1.5
2.2
1.9
2.8
2.5
3.5
3.1
4.4
3.9
5.5
4.9
6.9
6.2
8.8
7.7
11.0
9.6
13.8
12
18
15
22
19
28
25
35
31
44
39
55
49
69
62
88
77
110
96
138
123
178
30 C
MIN MAX
0.7
1.1
1.2
1.7
1.5
2.1
1.8
2.6
2.4
3.4
2.9
4.2
3.7
5.3
4.6
6.6
5.9
8.4
7.4
10.5
9.2
13.2
12
17
15
21
18
26
24
34
29
42
37
53
46
66
59
84
74
105
92
132
118
168
40 C
MIN MAX
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.8
2.5
2.2
3.2
2.8
4.0
3.5
5.0
4.4
6.3
5.6
8.0
7.0
10.0
8.8
12.5
11
16
14
20
18
25
22
32
28
40
35
50
44
63
56
80
70
100
88
125
112
160
50 C
MIN MAX
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.1
3.0
2.6
3.7
3.3
4.7
4.1
5.9
5.2
7.5
6.5
9.3
8.2 11.7
10
15
13
19
16
23
21
30
26
37
33
47
41
59
52
75
65
93
82
117
105 150
60 C
MIN MAX
0.6
0.9
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.5
2.2
1.9
2.8
2.4
3.5
3.0
4.3
3.8
5.5
4.9
7.0
6.1
8.7
7.6
10.9
10
14
12
17
15
22
19
28
24
35
30
43
38
55
49
70
61
87
76
109
97
139
70 C
MIN MAX
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.4
2.0
1.8
2.6
2.3
3.2
2.8
4.0
3.6
5.1
4.5
6.5
5.6
8.1
7.1
10.1
9
13
11
16
14
20
18
26
23
32
28
40
36
51
45
65
56
81
71
101
90
129
MIN
49
62
77
96
123
154
193
MIN
46
59
74
92
118
147
184
MIN
44
56
70
88
112
140
175
MIN
41
52
65
82
104
130
163
MIN
38
48
61
76
97
121
152
MIN
35
45
56
70
90
112
141
TMD
R 32
R 50
R 80
R 100
R 125
R 160
R 200
R 250
10 C
MIN MAX
26
43
37
62
59
98
83
118
103
145
130
185
162
230
200
285
20 C
MIN MAX
24
39
35
58
55
92
80
113
100
140
124
176
155
220
193
275
30 C
MIN MAX
22
36
33
54
52
86
74
106
94
134
118
168
147
210
183
262
40 C
MIN MAX
19
32
30
50
48
80
70
100
88
125
112
160
140
200
175
250
50 C
MIN MAX
16
27
27
46
44
74
66
95
80
115
106 150
133 190
168 240
60 C
MIN MAX
14
24
25
42
40
66
59
85
73
105
100
104
122
175
160
230
70 C
MIN MAX
11
21
22
39
32
58
49
75
63
95
90
130
107
160
150
220
MIN
234
295
380
MAX
335
420
540
MIN
224
280
350
MAX
320
400
500
MIN
212
265
315
MAX
305
380
450
MIN
200
250
280
MAX
285
355
400
MIN
182
230
240
MAX
263
325
345
MIN
462
605
MAX
660
855
MIN
441
560
MAX
630
800
MIN
405
520
MAX
580
740
MIN
380
470
MAX
540
670
MIN
350
420
MAX
500
610
MIN
260
325
435
MAX
368
465
620
MIN
245
310
405
MAX
350
442
580
MIN
520
685
MAX
740
965
MIN
493
640
MAX
705
905
Tmax T3
TMD
R63
R80
R100
R125
R160
R200
R250
MIN
51
64
80
101
129
161
201
MAX
72
92
115
144
184
230
287
MAX
69
88
110
138
176
220
278
MAX
66
84
105
132
168
211
263
MAX
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
MAX
59
75
93
116
149
186
233
MAX
55
69
87
108
139
173
216
MAX
51
64
80
100
129
161
201
138
139
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Tmax T2 160
Terminals
F
EF
ES
FC Cu
FC Cu
R
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
160
1
160
1
160
1
160
1
160
1
160
1
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
153.6
0.96
153.6
0.96
153.6
0.96
153.6
0.96
153.6
0.96
153.6
0.96
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
140.8
0.88
140.8
0.88
140.8
0.88
140.8
0.88
140.8
0.88
140.8
0.88
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
128
0.8
128
0.8
128
0.8
128
0.8
128
0.8
128
0.8
50 C
Imax [A]
160
160
160
160
60 C
Imax [A]
160
160
160
160
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
160
1
160
1
152
0.95
152
0.95
Fixed
Front flat bar
Front for cables
Rear threaded
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
630
1
630
1
630
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
630
Rear flat bar
630
Rear threaded
630
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
598.5
0.95
567
0.9
504
0.8
504
567
441
0.8
0.9
0.7
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
567
0.9
504
0.8
441
0.7
441
504
378
0.7
0.8
0.6
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
504
0.8
441
0.7
378
0.6
378
441
315
0.6
0.7
0.5
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
160
1
160
1
160
1
160
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
160
Front for cables
160
Rear for cables
160
Rear threaded
160
1
1
1
1
160
160
160
160
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
160
160
160
160
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
152
152
144
144
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.9
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
630
1
630
1
630
1
630
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
630
Rear vertical flat bar
630
Rear horizontal flat bar 630
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
630
630
630
630
630
630
598.5
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
630
1
598.5
0.95
598.5
0.95
567
0.9
598.5
598.5
567
0.95
0.95
0.9
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
598.5
0.95
567
0.9
567
0.9
504
0.8
567
567
504
0.9
0.9
0.8
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
250
1
250
1
250
1
250
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
250
Front for cables
250
Rear for cables
250
Rear threaded
250
1
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
60 C
Imax [A]
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
237.5
0.95
237.5
0.95
225
0.9
225
0.9
225
225
200
200
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
800
1
800
1
800
1
800
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
800
Rear vertical flat bar
800
Rear horizontal flat bar 800
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
800
800
800
800
800
800
760
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
800
1
760
0.95
760
0.95
720
0.9
760
760
720
0.95
0.95
0.9
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
760
0.95
720
0.9
720
0.9
640
0.8
720
720
640
0.9
0.9
0.8
up to 40 C
Imax [A]
I1
400
1
400
1
400
1
400
1
Plug-in - Withdrawable
Front flat bar
400
Front for cables
400
Rear for cables
400
Rear threaded
400
1
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
380
I1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
60 C
Imax [A]
400
400
400
400
400
380
380
360
I1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.95
0.9
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
380
0.95
380
0.9
360
0.9
320
0.8
380
360
360
320
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.8
140
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
I1
1
1
1
1
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
1250
1
1250
1
1187.5
0.95
1250
1
1
1
1
1187.5
1187.5
1125
0.95
0.95
0.9
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
1187.5 0.95
1187.5 0.95
1125
0.9
1125
0.9
1125
1125
1000
0.9
0.9
0.8
141
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Emax E1
1
1
1
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
1520
0.95
1520
0.95
1440
0.9
1440
1440
1280
0.9
0.9
0.8
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
1440
0.9
1440
0.9
1280
0.8
1280
1280
1120
0.8
0.8
0.7
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
1280
0.8
1280
0.8
1120
0.7
1120
1120
906
0.7
0.7
0.6
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
2000
1
2000
1
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
1900
0,95
2000
1
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
1715
0,85
1785
0,9
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
2500
1
2500
1
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
2270
0,9
2375
0,95
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
2040
0,8
2130
0,85
50 C
Imax [A]
I1
3060
0,95
60 C
Imax [A]
I1
2780
0,85
70 C
Imax [A]
I1
2510
0,8
Temperature
[C]
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
E1 800
%
[A]
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
100 800
E1 1250
%
[A]
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
99 1240
98 1230
E2 1250
%
[A]
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
E2 1600
%
[A]
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
98 1570
96 1538
94 1510
E2 2000
%
[A]
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
97 1945
94 1885
91 1825
88 1765
85 1705
E3 1250
%
[A]
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
100 1250
E3 1600
%
[A]
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
100 1600
E3 2000
%
[A]
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
100 2000
Emax E2
Temperature
[C]
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E3
Temperature
[C]
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
142
E3 2500
%
[A]
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
100 2500
97 2425
94 2350
E3 3200
%
[A]
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
97 3090
93 2975
89 2860
86 2745
82 2630
143
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
Emax E4
Temperature
[C]
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
E4 3200
%
[A]
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
98 3120
95 3040
E4 4000
%
[A]
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
98 3900
95 3790
92 3680
89 3570
87 3460
E6 3200
%
[A]
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
100 3200
E6 4000
%
[A]
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
100 4000
Vertical terminals
Type
[A]
E1B/N 08
E1B/N 12
E2N 12
E2B/N 16
E2B/N 20
E2L 12
E2L 16
E3S/H 12
E3S/H 16
E3S/H 20
E3N/S/H 25
E3N/S/H 32
E3L 20
E3L 25
E4H 32
E4S/H 40
E6V 32
E6V 40
E6H/V 50
E6H/V 63
Emax E6
Temperature
[C]
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Iu
E6 5000
%
[A]
100 5000
100 5000
100 5000
100 5000
100 5000
100 5000
100 5000
98 4910
96 4815
94 4720
E6 6300
%
[A]
100 6300
100 6300
100 6300
100 6300
100 6300
100 6300
98 6190
96 6070
94 5850
92 5600
800
1250
1250
1600
2000
1250
1600
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
2000
2500
3200
4000
3200
4000
5000
6300
Continuous
capacity
[A]
35C 45C 55C
800
800
800
1250 1250 1250
1250 1250 1250
1600 1600 1600
2000 2000 1800
1250 1250 1250
1600 1600 1500
1250 1250 1250
1600 1600 1600
2000 2000 2000
2500 2500 2500
3200 3100 2800
2000 2000 2000
2500 2390 2250
3200 3200 3200
4000 3980 3500
3200 3200 3200
4000 4000 4000
5000 4850 4600
6000 5700 5250
Busbars
section
[mm2]
1x(60x10)
1x(80x10)
1x(60x10)
2x(60x10)
3x(60x10)
1x(60x10)
2x(60x10)
1x(60x10)
1x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
3x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
3x(100x10)
4x(100x10)
3x(100x10)
4x(100x10)
6x(100x10)
7x(100x10)
Busbars
section
[mm2]
1x(60x10)
2x(60x8)
1x(60x10)
2x(60x10)
3x(60x10)
1x(60x10)
2x(60x10)
1x(60x10)
1x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
3x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
2x(100x10)
3x(100x10)
6x(60x10)
3x(100x10)
4x(100x10)
6x(100x10)
-
Examples:
Selection of a moulded-case circuit-breaker, with thermomagnetic release, for
a load current of 180 A, at an ambient temperature of 60C.
From the table referring to Tmax circuit-breakers (page 137-138), it can be
seen that the most suitable breaker is the T3 R250, which can be set from 152
A to 216 A.
Selection of a moulded-case circuit-breaker, with electronic release, in
withdrawable version with rear flat horizontal bar terminals, for a load current
equal to 570 A, with an ambient temperature of 55 C.
From the table referring to SACE Isomax circuit-breakers (page 141), it can be
seen that the most suitable breaker is the S6 630, which can be set from 252
A to 582.75 A.
Selection of an air circuit-breaker, with electronic release, in withdrawable version
with vertical terminals, for a load current of 2700 A, with a temperature outside
of the IP31 switchboard of 55 C.
From the tables referring to the current carrying capacity inside the switchboard
for Emax circuit-breakers (see above), it can be seen that the most suitable
breaker is the E3 3200, with busbar section 3x(100x10)mm2, which can be set
from 1280 A to 2800 A.
144
145
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
The following tables show the maximum settings for L protection (against
overload) for electronic releases, according to temperature, version and
terminals.
Tmax T2
In 125A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S4
In 160A
All terminals
F
P
Isomax S4
In = 250A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Tmax T2
In = 160A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1
1
0.95
0.975
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.975
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.95
All terminals
F
P
1
0.88
0.96
0.88
0.96
0.88
0.92
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.84
0.84
0.8
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.975
0.95
0.95
0.9
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.9
0. 8
146
Isomax S5
In 400A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S5
In = 630A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S6
In 630A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.95
0.95
0.975
0.95
0.7
0.8
0.6
Rear threaded
PR211 PR212
F
F
0.975
0.95
0.925
0.9
0.95
0.9
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
1
0.95
0.95
Front for cables Front for cables Rear threaded Rear threaded
PR 211 PR212 PR 211 PR212
PR211
PR212
F
F
W
W
F
W
F
W
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.95 0.95
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.85
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.75 0.65
0.85
0.85
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.65 0.55
0.75
0.75
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.975
0.95
0.9
0.8
147
3 General characteristics
Isomax S6
In = 800A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S7
In 1250A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S7
In = 1600A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Isomax S8
In 2000A
1
1
0.95
Rear threaded
PR211 PR212
F
F
0.975
0.95
0.925
0.9
0.95
0.9
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
1
0.95
0.975
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.95
0.7
0.95
0.9
0.85
Rear vertical
flat bar
PR212
F
Rear horizontal
flat bar
PR212
F
W
1
0.975
0.95
0.975
0.9
0.975
0.95
0.9
Front
flat bar
Rear horizontal
flat bar
PR211
F
W
1
0.95
F
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
3 General characteristics
0.975
0.95
0.925
0.9
0.95
0.9
Isomax S8
In = 2500A
0.925
0.875
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
1
0.95
0.9
0.95
0.9
Rear horizontal
flat bar
PR211
F
W
1
1
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
Front
Rear vertical
flat bar
flat bar
PR212
F
F
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.95
0.9
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
Rear horizontal
flat bar
PR212
F
W
1
1
0.95
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.85
0.75
0,8
0.7
0.75
0.65
0.7
0.6
Isomax S8
In = 3200A
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Rear vertical
flat bar
PR212
F
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
148
Emax E1
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E2
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E2
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E3
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E4
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
PR111
800 A
PR112/PR113
PR111
1250 A
PR112/PR113
PR111
2000 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.97
0.94
0.91
0.88
0.85
0.9
0.85
PR111
2500 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.9
0.97
0.94
PR111
3200 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.98
0.95
Emax E1
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E2
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E3
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E3
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E4
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
PR111
1250 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.99
0.98
PR111
0.95
0.9
1600 A
PR112/PR113
0.98
0.96
0.94
1250/1600/2000 A
PR111
PR112/PR113
PR111
3200 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.9
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.86
0.82
0.85
0.8
PR111
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
4000 A
PR112/PR113
1
0.98
0.95
0.92
0.89
0.87
149
3 General characteristics
Emax E6
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
3200/4000 A
PR111
PR112/PR113
Emax E6
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Emax E6
<40
45
50
55
60
65
70
E1B/N 08
E1B/N 12
E2N 12
E2B/N 16
E2B/N 20
E2L 12
E2L 16
E3S/H 12
E3S/H 16
E3S/H 20
E3N/S/H 25
E3N/S/H 32
E3L 20
E3L 25
E4H 32
E4S/H 40
E6V 32
E6V 40
E6H/V 50
E6H/V 63
35 C
PR111
PR112/PR113
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.95
Vertical Terminals
45 C
PR111
PR112/PR113
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.96
1
1
0.95
0.95
1
1
0.95
0.99
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.97
0.9
0.9
3 General characteristics
PR111
5000 A
PR112/PR113
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.95
0.9
PR111
6000 A
PR112/PR113
0.95
0.9
PR111
1
1
1
1
0.9
1
0.9
1
1
1
1
0.8
1
0.9
1
0.8
1
1
0.9
0.8
1
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
E1B/N 08
E1B/N 12
E2N 12
E2B/N 16
E2B/N 20
E2L 12
E2L 16
E3S/H 12
E3S/H 16
E3S/H 20
E3N/S/H 25
E3N/S/H 32
E3L 20
E3L 25
E4H 32
E4S/H 40
E6V 32
E6V 40
E6H/V 50
E6H/V 63
35 C
PR111
PR112/PR113
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.9
0.93
1
1
0.95
0.95
1
1
0.9
0.9
1
1
1
1
0.95
0.97
-----
PR111
1
0.95
1
0.95
0.8
1
0.8
1
1
1
0.95
0.8
0.95
0.8
0.9
0.7
1
1
0.8
---
55 C
PR112/PR113
1
0.96
1
0.95
0.87
1
0.87
1
1
1
0.94
0.82
0.98
0.84
0.94
0.78
1
1
0.85
---
55 C
PR112/PR113
1
1
1
1
0.9
1
0.93
1
1
1
1
0.87
1
0.9
1
0.87
1
1
0.92
0.83
150
151
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
3.7 Electrical characteristics of switch disconnectors
Altitude
2000[m]
690
690
690
5000[m]
440
440
440
Altitude
2000[m]
100%
100%
100%
5000[m]
90%
85%
90%
Tmax*
Isomax
Emax
Tmax
Isomax
Emax
152
153
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
From the point of view of construction, the switch disconnector is a very simple
device. It is not fitted with devices for overcurrent detection and the consequent
automatic interruption of the current. Therefore the switch disconnector cannot
be used for automatic protection against overcurrent which may occur in the
case of failure, protection must be provided by a coordinated circuit-breaker.
The combination of the two devices allows the use of switch disconnectors in
systems in which the short-circuit current value is greater than the electrical
parameters which define the performance of the disconnector (back-up
protection see Chapter 4.4. This is valid only for Isomax and Tmax switchdisconnectors. For the Emax/MS air disconnectors, it must be verified that the
values for Icw and Icm are higher to the values for short-circuit in the plant and
correspondent peak, respectively.
Alternating
Current
Direct
Current
Utilization category
Frequent
Non-frequent
operation
operation
AC-20A
AC-20B
AC-21A
AC-21B
AC-22A
AC-22B
AC-23A
AC-23B
DC-20A
DC-20B
DC-21A
DC-21B
DC-22A
DC-22B
DC-23A
DC-23B
Weight fixed
plug-in
154
(ac) 50-60 Hz
(dc )
[A]
[A]
No.
[V]
[V]
[kV]
[V]
[V]
[No. Operations]
[No. operations per hours]
3 poles
L [mm]
4 poles
L [mm]
H [mm]
P [mm]
3/4 poles
[kg]
3/4 poles
[kg]
Tmax T1D
Tmax T3D
160
125
3/4
690
500
8
800
3000
250
200
3/4
690
500
8
800
3000
2.8
5.3
187
105
2
3.6
IEC 60947-3
IEC 60947-3
F
F-P
FC Cu - EF - FC CuAl
F - FC Cu - FC CuAl 2
EF - ES - R - FC CuAl 240 mm2
95 mm
20000
25000
120
120
76
105
102
140
130
150
70
70
0.9 / 1.2
2.1 / 3
2.7 / 3.7
155
3 General characteristics
3 General characteristics
S3D
S6D
S7D
S8D
[A]
Nr.
[V~]
[V]
[A]
[kV]
[V]
[V]
[kA]
[kA]
F-W
F - EF - FC CuAl
R - RC
F - HR - VR
20000/120
210/280
103,5
268
9.5/12
F-W
F - EF - FC CuAl (1250A)
HR - VR
F - HR - VR
10000/120
210/280
138,5
406
17/22
F
EF (2500A)-R
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[kg]
F-P-W
F - EF - FC
FC CuAl - R - RC
F - FC - R
F - FC - R
25000/120
105/140
103,5
170
2.6/3.5
10000/20
406/556
242
400
57/76
E1N/MS
E2B/MS
E2N/MS
E3N/MS
E3S/MS
E4S/MS
E4S/fMS
E4H/MS
E6H/MS
[A]
800
800
1600
1250
2500
1250
4000
4000
3200
5000
5000
(a 40 C) Iu
[A]
1250
1250
2000
1600
3200
1600
4000
6300
6300
[A]
2000
2000
[A]
2500
[A]
Rated operational voltage Ue
3200
[V ~]
[V ]
[V ~]
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
690
250
1000
[kV]
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
(1s)
[kA]
36
50
42
55
65
75
75
80
100
100
100
(3s)
[kA]
36
36
42
42
65
65
75
75
75
85
85
105
88.2
121
143
165
165
176
220
220
220
75.6
88.2
121
143
165
165
165
187
220
220
E6H/f MS
[kA]
75.6
156
157
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Definition of discrimination
Over-current coordination
Influence of the networks electrical parameters (rated current and shortcircuit current)
The strategy adopted to coordinate the protective devices depends mainly on
the rated current (In) and short-circuit current (Ik) values in the considered point
of network.
Generally speaking, we can classify the following types of coordination:
current discrimination;
time (or time-current) discrimination;
zone (or logical) discrimination;
energy discrimination;
back-up.
Current discrimination
This type of discrimination is based on the observation that the closer the fault
comes to the networks feeder, the greater the short-circuit current will be. We
can therefore pinpoint the zone where the fault has occurred simply by calibrating
the instantaneous protection of the device upstream to a limit value higher than
the fault current which causes the tripping of the device downstream.
We can normally achieve total discrimination only in specific cases where the
fault current is not very high (and comparable with the devices rated current) or
where a component with high impedance is between the two protective devices
(e.g. a transformer, a very long or small cable...) giving rise to a large difference
between the short-circuit current values.
This type of coordination is consequently feasible mainly in final distribution
networks (with low rated current and short-circuit current values and a high
impedance of the connection cables).
The devices time-current tripping curves are generally used for the study.
This solution is:
rapid;
easy to implement;
and inexpensive.
On the other hand:
the discrimination limits are normally low;
increasing the discrimination levels causes a rapid growing of the device sizes.
The following example shows a typical application of current discrimination based
on the different instantaneous tripping threshold values of the circuit-breakers
considered.
158
159
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
With a fault current value at the defined point equal to 1000 A, an adequate
coordination is obtained by using the considered circuit-breakers as verified in
the tripping curves of the protection devices.
The discrimination limit is given by the minimum magnetic threshold of the
circuit-breaker upstream, T1B160 R160.
Time-current Curves
[s] 104
Ur = 400V
103
102
T1B160R25
101
Cable
Electronic release:
T1B160R160
T1D 160
1SDC008014F0001
10 -1
10 -2
10 -1
10 1
L (Long delay)
Setting: 0.9
Curve: B
Setting: 1
Curve: A
Setting: 1
Curve: A
S (Short delay)
Setting: 8
Curve: D
Setting: 10
Curve: C
I (IST)
Off
Off
Setting: 10
I [kA]
Ur = 15000 V
Ik=1kA
Time-Current Curves
Sr = 2500 kVA
Ur2 = 400 V
uk% = 6%
This type of discrimination is an evolution from the previous one. The setting
strategy is therefore based on progressively increasing the current thresholds
and the time delays for tripping the protective devices as we come closer to the
power supply source. As in the case of current discrimination, the study is
based on a comparison of the time-current tripping curves of the protective
devices.
This type of coordination:
is easy to study and implement;
is relatively inexpensive;
enables to achieve even high discrimination levels, depending on the Icw of
the upstream device;
allows a redundancy of the protective functions and can send valid information
to the control system,
but has the following disadvantages:
the tripping times and the energy levels that the protective devices (especially
those closer to the sources) let through are high, with obvious problems
concerning safety and damage to the components even in zones unaffected
by the fault;
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
160
103
102
E4S4000
101
10 -1
Ik=60kA
S7H1600
1SDC008015F0001
Time discrimination
[s] 104
E3N2500
10 -2
10 1
10 2
10 3
I [kA]
161
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Energy discrimination
Energy coordination is a particular type of discrimination that exploits the currentlimiting characteristics of moulded-case circuit-breakers. It is important to
remember that a current-limiting circuit-breaker is a circuit-breaker with a break
time short enough to prevent the short-circuit current reaching its otherwise
attainable peak value (IEC 60947-2, def. 2.3).
In practice, ABB SACE moulded-case circuit-breakers of Isomax and Tmax
series, under short-circuit conditions, are extremely rapid (tripping times of about
some milliseconds) and therefore it is impossible to use the time-current curves
for the coordination studies.
The phenomena are mainly dynamic (and therefore proportional to the square
of the instantaneous current value) and can be described by using the specific
let-through energy curves.
In general, it is necessary to verify that the let-through energy of the circuitbreaker downstream is lower than the energy value needed to complete the
opening of the circuit-breaker upstream.
This type of discrimination is certainly more difficult to consider than the previous
ones because it depends largely on the interaction between the two devices
placed in series and demands access to data often unavailable to the end user.
Manufacturers provide tables, rules and calculation programs in which the
minimum discrimination limits are given between different combinations of circuitbreakers.
Advantages:
fast breaking, with tripping times which reduce as the short-circuit current
increases;
reduction of the damages caused by the fault (thermal and dynamic stresses),
of the disturbances to the power supply system, of the costs...;
the discrimination level is no longer limited by the value of the short-time
withstand current Icw which the devices can withstand;
large number of discrimination levels;
possibility of coordination of different current-limiting devices (fuses, circuitbreakers,..) even if they are positioned in intermediate positions along the
chain.
Disadvantage:
difficulty of coordination between circuit-breakers of similar sizes.
The first mode foresees tripping times of about one second and is used mainly
in the case of not particularly high short-circuit currents where a power flow is
not uniquely defined.
The second mode enables distinctly shorter tripping times: with respect to a
time discrimination coordination, there is no longer any need to increase the
intentional time delay progressively as we move closer to the source of the
power supply. The maximum delay is in relation to the time necessary to detect
any presence of a blocking signal sent from the protective device downstream.
Advantages:
reduction of the tripping times and increase of the safety level; the tripping
times will be around 100 milliseconds;
reduction of both the damages caused by the fault as well of the disturbances
in the power supply network;
reduction of the thermal and dynamic stresses on the circuit-breakers and on
the components of the system;
large number of discrimination levels;
redundancy of protections: in case of malfunction of zone discrimination, the
tripping is ensured by the settings of the other protection functions of the
circuit-breakers. In particular, it is possible to adjust the time-delay protection
functions against short-circuit at increasing time values, the closer they are to
the networks feeder.
Disadvantages:
higher costs;
greater complexity of the system (special components, additional wiring,
auxiliary power sources, ...).
This solution is therefore used mainly in systems with high rated current and
high short-circuit current values, with precise needs in terms of both safety and
continuity of service: in particular, examples of logical discrimination can be
often found in primary distribution switchboards, immediately downstream of
transformers and generators and in meshed networks.
162
This type of coordination is used above all for secondary and final distribution
networks, with rated currents below 1600A.
Back-up protection
The back-up protection is an over-current coordination of two over-current
protective devices in series where the protective device, generally but not
necessarily on the supply side, effects the over-current protection with or without
the assistance of the other protective device and prevents any excessive stress
on the latter (IEC 60947-1, def. 2.5.24).
Besides, IEC 60364-4-43, 434.5.1 states: A lower breaking capacity is
admitted if another protective device having the necessary breaking capacity is
installed on the supply side. In that case, characteristics of the devices, must
be co-ordinated so that the energy let through by these two devices does not
exceed that which can be withstood without damage by the device on the load
side and the conductors protected by these devices.
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
163
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Advantages:
cost-saving solution;
extremely rapid tripping.
Disadvantages:
extremely low discrimination values;
low service quality, since at least two circuit-breakers in series have to trip.
General rules:
Tmax @ 415V ac
164
Emax @ 415V ac
Version
Icu [kA]
Version
Icu [kA]
Version
16
35*
42
25
50
65 (E1=50)
65
36
50
70
85
Icu [kA]
75
100
130
200
150
* Versions certified at 36 kA
165
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables MCB-MCB
S290 - S250 @ 400V
Supply s.
S290
Icu [kA]
100
Char.
10
13
7.5
16
4.5
20
3.5
25
3.5
32
40
2
=2
B-C
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
4.5
16
B-C
4.5
20
B-C
3.5
25
B-C
3.5
32
B-C
40
50
63
2
=2
4.5
7
5
Supply s.
100
Char.
2
=2
B-C
10.5
10.5
B-C
10.5
10.5
10
B-C
10
13
B-C
4.5
16
16
B-C
4.5
20
20
B-C
3.5
25
2.5
25
B-C
3.5
32
4.5
32
B-C
4.5
40
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
50
B-C
63
B-C
63
B-C
Supply s.
15
In [A]
100
Char.
2
=2
Load s.
S270
15
Supply s.
15
In [A]
100
Char.
2
=2
Load s.
In [A]
80
100
Char.
2
=2
B-C
Load s.
B-C
10.5
10
B-C
13
B-C
4.5
16
B-C
4.5
20
B-C
3.5
25
B-C
3.5
32
B-C
B-C
10
B-C
10
16
13
B-C
4.5
16
4.5
20
16
B-C
4.5
20
3.5
25
20
B-C
3.5
25
3.5
32
25
B-C
3.5
32
4.5
40
32
B-C
4.5
40
4.5
50
40
B-C
50
63
50
B-C
63
63
B-C
166
15
100
S290
Supply s.
Char.
10
80
S270
15
Icu [kA]
10
S270
15
10
S260
Load s.
S290
Icu [kA]
80
In [A]
S290
Icu [kA]
80
Load s.
S290
15
80
Icu [kA]
10
S250
In [A]
S290
Icu [kA]
Char.
Char.
Load s.
Supply s.
15
100
100
4.5
S290
80
80
10
Supply s.
Icu [kA]
15
In [A]
S250
S290
Icu [kA]
80
Load s.
S240
Supply s.
15
In [A]
In [A]
Load s.
15
25
S280
20
15
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
B-C
5
4.5
167
1SDC008004F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables MCB-MCB
S280
20
15
100
Char.
10.5
15
10.5
100
Char.
=5.8
5.8
5.3..8
Load s.
50
In[A]
32
40
50
Char.
1.5
5.5
Load s.
63
10
10
1.5
5.5
13
7.3..11
7.5
10
1.5
20
16
10..15
4.5
10
13
1.5
25
2.5
20
14..20
4.5
16
32
25
18..26
20
32
23..32
25
40
29..37
32
50
34..41
40
63
38..45
40
50
63
25
S280
20
15
30
Supply s.
S290
Icu [kA]
Char.
B-C-D
10
10
B-C-D
13
B-C-D
Char.
=2
2
10.5
10
13
4.5
16
4.5
20
25
32
In [A]
Load s.
S500
3
2.5
Supply s.
50
In[A]
S500
Icu [kA]
32
40
50
63
Char.
10
=2
2
3
10
Load s.
7.5
Icu [kA]
100
100
S240
4.5
Supply s.
15
80
80
S500
S290
15
50
Load s.
20
80
In [A]
25
Char.
In [A]
S500
Icu [kA]
Supply s.
S280
100
Supply s.
15
10
Icu [kA]
15
80
Load s.
S290
Icu [kA]
16
In [A]
15
Supply s.
15
50
In [A]
32
40
50
63
Char.
=2
2
3
Load s.
16
B-C-D
10
B-C
1.5
5.5
1.5
5.5
20
B-C-D
7.5
B-C
1.5
5.5
1.5
5.5
25
B-C-D
4.5
10
B-C
1.5
10
1.5
32
B-C-D
13
B-C
1.5
16
3.5
40
B-C-D
16
B-C
20
3.5
50
B-C-D
20
B-C
2.5
25
4.5
63
B-C-D
25
B-C
32
40
4.5
32
B-C
40
50
40
B-C
50
63
50
B-C
63
63
B-C
S500
50
168
S250
10
S250
10
3
2
1SDC008005F0201
25
80
S290
Icu [kA]
15
Load s.
15
Supply s.
S290
Icu [kA]
In [A]
169
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables MCB-MCB
S500 - S270 @ 400V
Supply s.
S500
Icu [kA]
40
50
63
Char.
2
=2
B-C
1.5
B-C
1.5
10
B-C
13
B-C
10
16
B-C
B-C
1.5
10
B-C
1.5
13
B-C
1.5
5.5
16
B-C
5.5
20
B-C
2
=2
5.5
B-C
1.5
5.5
B-C
1.5
1
1.5
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
S270
15
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
2.5
25
B-C
32
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
50
B-C
63
B-C
63
B-C
1.5
1.5
Supply s.
S500
In [A]
40
50
63
Char.
2
=2
1.5
50
63
15
Char.
=2
2
5.5
1.5
Load s.
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
B-C
1.5
10
1.5
13
1.5
5.5
16
1.5
5.5
1.5
5.5
1.5
10
1.5
16
1.5
16
1.5
20
20
1.5
2.5
25
25
2.5
32
32
40
40
50
50
63
63
S280
20
15
25
S280
1.5
10
1.5
16
1.5
20
25
32
40
50
63
S500
50
In [A]
32
40
50
63
Char.
2
=2
1.5
5.5
3
Load s.
15
20
10
1.5
25
13
1.5
32
16
1.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
S280
25
40
20
50
25
63
32
40
50
63
20
15
170
Supply s.
Char.
63
Icu [kA]
63
50
Char.
S500
50
15
15
40
25
40
In [A]
15
32
Load s.
50
Load s.
50
In [A]
20
32
10
20
Supply s.
40
S280
2.5
Icu [kA]
32
10
25
50
In [A]
S270
15
S500
Icu [kA]
32
Load s.
50
In [A]
2.5
Icu [kA]
15
Char.
Char.
S270
63
63
20
Load s.
50
50
S500
Icu [kA]
40
40
1.5
Supply s.
50
32
32
Load s.
S500
Icu [kA]
50
In [A]
S500
Icu [kA]
32
Load s.
S260
Supply s.
50
In [A]
171
1SDC008006F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Tmax T1 - S240 @ 400V
S240
Icu [kA]
7.5
Supply s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
=2
2
3
10
4.5
13
4.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
16
4.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
20
10
8.5
25
16
4.5
7.5
32
20
3.5
5.5
6.5
40
25
3.5
5.5
9.5
9.5
Load s.
S250
Load s.
S250
Icu [kA]
10
32
40
50
63
4.5
9.5
9.5
Icu [kA]
10
Supply s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
=2
2
3
I n [A]
2
=2
16
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
7.5
8.5
4.5
7.5
8.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
4.5
7.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
7.5
B-C
32
7.5
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
7.5
172
S260
10
7.5
T
T
173
1SDC008007F0201
Load s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
S270
Icu [kA]
15
Supply s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
2
=2
I n [A]
2
=2
16
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
7.5
8.5
10
4.5
8.5
4.5
7.5
7.5
12
16
4.5
7.5
4.5
7.5
12
20
10
25
10
32
7.5
7.5
12
40
7.5
12
50
7.5
10.5
63
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
7.5
S270
S270
Icu [kA]
10
Char.
7.5
T
T
10.5
Load s.
Load s.
Icu [kA]
15
Supply s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
15
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
B-C
10
4.5
7.5
8.5
17*
B-C
13
4.5
7.5
7.5
12
20*
4.5
7.5
12
20*
10
15
10
15
7.5
12
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
2
=2
5.5
10
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
12
8.5
13.5
4.5
6.5
11
2.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
Load s.
25
S280
20
15
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
7.5
12
7.5
10.5
10.5
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
9.5
174
175
1SDC008008F0201
Load s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Load s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
15
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
10
8.5
17*
16
13.5
20
4.5
6.5
11
25
S280
20
15
25
32
40
50
63
2.5
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
<=2
2
3
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
15
160
9.5
10
4.5
8.5
17*
9.5
13
4.5
7.5
7.5
12
20*
16
4.5
7.5
12
20*
9.5
20
10
15
S280
25
9.5
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
20
15
25
32
40
50
63
10
15
7.5
12
7.5
12
7.5
10.5
10.5
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
Load s.
T1
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Iu [A]
160
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
15
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
B-C-D
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
15
20*
25*
10
8.5
17*
B-C-D
10
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
10
20*
25*
13
7.5
10
13.5
B-C-D
13
4.5
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
25*
4.5
7.5
10
13.5
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
25*
3.5
5.5
6.5
11
4.5
7.5
10
15
25*
3.5
5.5
9.5
10
15
20*
4.5
9.5
7.5
10
20*
10
20*
15
25
S280
20
15
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
Icu [kA]
B-C-D
16
B-C-D
20
B-C-D
25
B-C-D
32
B-C-D
40
9.5
B-C-D
50
9.5
B-C-D
63
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
Load s.
176
S500
50
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
177
1SDC008009F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Tmax T1 - S500 @ 400V
Load s.
Icu [kA]
50
S500
30
Supply s.
T1
Version
B,C,N
Release
TM
Iu [A]
160
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Release
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
160
Char.
I n [A]
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
5.8
<=5.8
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
36
36
<=2
2
5.3..8
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.5
7.3..11
10..15
14..20
18..26
23..32
29..37
34..41
38..45
4.5
Load s.
Icu [kA]
100 160
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
B-C
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
B-C
10
3*
4.5
7.5
8.5
10
15
20*
B-C
13
3*
4.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
10
20*
B-C
16
3*
4.5
7.5
10
20*
B-C
20
3*
15
B-C
25
3*
B-C
32
3*
7.5
B-C
40
5.5*
7.5
B-C
50
3*
5*
7.5
B-C
63
S250
10
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current
of the supply side circuit-breaker.
5*
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
S240
Icu [kA]
7.5
Release
160
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
25
63
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
2
<=2
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10
3*
4.5
13
3*
4.5
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10
3*
8.5
16
2*
4.5
7.5
20
2*
5.5*
25
16
3*
20
3*
25
3*
32
3*
40
10
100 160
Load s.
S250
Icu [kA]
160
10
100 160
3.5
5.5
6.5
2*
3.5
5.5
9.5
32
4.5
9.5
40
3*
50
2*
3*
9.5
9.5
63
3*
9.5
9.5
9.5
178
179
1SDC008010F0201
Release
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
Release
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
S260
Icu [kA]
10
Release
160
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
100 125 160
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
<=2
2
<=2
2
B-C
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
100 160
160
Load s.
Icu [kA]
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
5.5 10.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
10
3*
4.5
7.5
8.5
10
3*
3*
2*
2.5
100 160
12
8.5
13.5
4.5
6.5
11
9.5
9.5
B-C
13
4.5
7.5
7.5
16
2*
B-C
16
3*
4.5
7.5
20
2*
B-C
20
3*
25
B-C
25
3*
32
B-C
32
3*
7.5
40
3*
B-C
40
5.5*
7.5
50
2*
3*
9.5
9.5
9.5
B-C
50
3*
5*
7.5
63
B-C
63
5*
S270
15
T
T
3*
9.5
9.5
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
Release
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
S270
Icu [kA]
15
Release
160
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
100 125 160
100 160
Load s.
Icu [kA]
160
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
2
<=2
2
<=2
100 160
T
B-C
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
10
3*
4.5
7.5
8.5
10
3*
4.5
8.5
B-C
13
3*
4.5
7.5
7.5
12
16
3*
4.5
7.5
4.5
7.5
12
20
3*
10
25
3*
10
32
3*
7.5
7.5
12
40
5.5*
7.5
50
4*
5*
7.5
63
B-C
16
3*
B-C
20
3*
B-C
25
3*
B-C
32
3*
B-C
40
5.5*
7.5
12
B-C
50
3*
5*
7.5 10.5
10.5 10.5
B-C
63
5*
10.5
10.5
S270
10
5*
T
T
180
181
1SDC008011F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
Release
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
15
B-C
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
B-C
10
3*
4.5
B-C
13
3*
4.5
25
S280
20
15
63
80
25
63
10
100 160
T
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
15
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
7.5
8.5
17
10
3*
7.5
7.5
12
20
13
2*
4.5
7.5
12
20
10
15
10
15
7.5
12
B-C
16
3*
B-C
20
3*
B-C
25
3*
B-C
32
3*
B-C
40
5.5*
7.5
12
B-C
50
3*
5*
7.5 10.5
10.5 10.5
B-C
63
5*
10.5
10.5
15
16
2*
20
2*
25
25
63
8.5
17
7.5
10
13.5
10
100 160
T
4.5
7.5
10
13.5
3.5
5.5
6.5
11
2*
3.5
5.5
9.5
32
4.5
9.5
40
3*
50
2*
3*
9.5
9.5
9.5
63
3*
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
TM,M
EL
Release
160
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
15
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
10
3*
16
2*
20
2*
2*
2.5
15
20
K
K
80
Supply s.
Iu [A]
20
25
S280
63
9.5
9.5
Release
S280
Load s.
25
EL
160
Icu [kA]
Load s.
TM,M
Iu [A]
63
80
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
100 125 160
10
100 160
160
25
63
8.5
17
13.5
4.5
6.5
11
5.5*
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
10
25
63
2
<=2
15
25
9.5
10
3*
32
9.5
13
3*
40
3*
50
2*
3*
9.5
9.5
9.5
63
3*
9.5
S280
25
9.5
20
15
5.5 10.5
100 160
4.5
8.5
17
4.5
7.5
7.5
12
20
4.5
7.5
12
20
10
15
16
3*
20
3*
25
3*
32
3*
10
15
7.5
12
40
5.5*
7.5
12
50
4*
5*
7.5 10.5
10.5 10.5
63
5*
10.5
10.5
182
183
1SDC008012F0201
Load s.
Release
160
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T2
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S,H,L
Release
TM,M
Load s.
S290
Icu [kA]
15
Char.
I n [A]
C-D-K
80
Release
EL
Iu [A]
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
160
160
Load s.
160
Icu [kA]
C-D-K
100
125
50
S500
30
160
Char.
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
80
5.8
<=5.8
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
10
25
63
100 160
4.5*
5.5
5.3..8
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5 10.5
36
36
36
50**
7.3..11
4.5*
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
36
36
36
50**
10..15
4.5*
4.5
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
14..20
4.5*
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
18..26
4.5*
4.5
7.5
10
15
23..32
4.5*
10
15
20
29..37
4.5*
7.5
10
20
34..41
5*
10
20
38..45
5*
7.5*
15
Supply s.
T2
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S,H,L
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
S500
Icu [kA]
50
Char.
160
I n [A]
12.5
16
20
25
32
40
50
B-C-D
4.5
5.5
B-C-D
10
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5*
4.5
4.5
4.5
B-C-D
13
4.5*
4.5
B-C-D
16
4.5*
B-C-D
20
4.5*
B-C-D
63
Iu [A]
80
5.5 10.5
15
20
25
4.5
10
20
25
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
15
4.5
4.5
7.5
10
4.5
7.5
25
4.5*
B-C-D
32
4.5*
B-C-D
40
5*
10
20
36
B-C-D
50
5*
7.5*
15
36
B-C-D
63
25
63
100 160
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
25
36
36
36
36
36
15
25
36
36
36
36
10
15
25
36
36
36
36
10
15
20
36
36
36
36
7.5
10
20
36
36
36
5*
36
10
Load s.
250
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
10
13
16
36
20
36
36
25
36
36
32
36
40
S240
Icu [kA]
7.5
184
185
1SDC008013F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Tmax T3 - S250 @ 400V
Load s.
S250
Icu [kA]
10
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
<=2
2
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
250
63
80
100
125
160
200
I n [A]
2
<=2
250
T
B-C
B-C
B-C
B-C
B-C
10
7.5
8.5
B-C
10
7.5
8.5
T
T
B-C
13
7.5
7.5
B-C
16
7.5
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
7.5
B-C
40
7.5
B-C
50
5*
B-C
63
5*
B-C
13
7.5
7.5
B-C
16
7.5
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
7.5
B-C
40
7.5
7.5
B-C
50
5*
7.5
6*
B-C
63
5*
6*
250
S260
10
S250
Icu [kA]
10
Char.
T3
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
I n [A]
2
<=2
10
8.5
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
<=2
2
B-C
10.5
B-C
10.5
B-C
10
7.5
8.5
16
4.5
7.5
20
3.5
5.5
6.5
25
3.5
32
S270
Icu [kA]
250
Char.
Load s.
15
B-C
13
7.5
7.5
12
B-C
16
7.5
12
5.5
9.5
B-C
20
10
4.5
9.5
B-C
25
10
40
B-C
32
7.5
12
50
3*
9.5
B-C
40
7.5
12
63
3*
5.5*
9.5
B-C
50
5*
7.5
10.5
B-C
63
5*
6*
10.5
186
187
1SDC008014F0201
Load s.
Supply s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Load s.
S270
Icu [kA]
15
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
15
B-C
10.5
B-C
10
7.5
8.5
17
B-C
13
7.5
7.5
12
20
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
2
<=2
10.5
10.5
12
10
8.5
16
13.5
20
4.5
6.5
11
25
2.5
32
D
D
D
9.5
9.5
40
50
3*
9.5
63
3*
5*
9.5
Load s.
250
Icu [kA]
Char.
25
S280
20
15
B-C
16
7.5
12
20
B-C
20
13.5
B-C
25
13.5
B-C
32
7.5
12
B-C
40
7.5
12
B-C
50
5*
7.5
10.5
B-C
63
5*
6*
10.5
250
Load s.
S270
Icu [kA]
10
Char.
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
I n [A]
2
<=2
10
8.5
16
7.5
20
25
32
7.5
40
7.5
50
5*
7.5
63
5*
6*
Load s.
250
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
15
10.5
10
8.5
17
16
13.5
20
4.5
6.5
11
25
2.5
9.5
25
S280
20
15
32
9.5
40
50
3*
9.5
63
3*
5*
9.5
188
189
1SDC008015F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-MCB
Load s.
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
T3
Version
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
15
10.5
10
8.5
17
13
7.5
10
13.5
25
S280
20
15
16
4.5
7.5
10
13.5
20
3.5
5.5
6.5
11
25
3.5
5.5
9.5
32
9.5
40
4.5
50
3*
9.5
63
3*
5.5*
9.5
Load s.
S290
Icu [kA]
15
250
Char.
I n [A]
160
200
250
C-D-K
80
4*
10
15
C-D-K
100
4*
7.5*
15
125
7.5*
Supply s.
T3
N,S
Version
N,S
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
2
<=2
15
S280
T3
Version
25
20
15
Load s.
Icu [kA]
250
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
B-C-D
10.5
15
20
25
36
36
250
36
B-C-D
10
10
20
25
36
36
36
36
B-C-D
13
7.5
10
15
25
36
36
10.5
B-C-D
16
7.5
10
15
25
36
36
36
10
8.5
17
B-C-D
20
7.5
10
15
25
36
36
36
10
15
20
36
36
36
7.5
10
20
36
36
36
36
36
36
S500
50
13
7.5
7.5
12
20
B-C-D
25
16
7.5
12
20
B-C-D
32
20
10
15
B-C-D
40
10
20
25
32
10
15
B-C-D
50
7.5*
15
36
36
36
7.5
12
B-C-D
63
5*
6*
36
36
36
40
7.5
12
50
5*
7.5
10.5
63
5*
6*
10.5
190
191
1SDC008016F0201
Load s.
Supply s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Load s.
Icu [kA]
50
S500
30
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
T1
T2
T3
Version
N,S
Version
B,C,N
N,S,H,L
N,S
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
250
Release
Iu [A]
Char.
I n [A]
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
36
36
36
36
<=5.8
5.8
5.3..8
10.5
36
36
36
7.3..11
36
36
36
10..15
7.5
10
15
Load s.
Version
Release
TM
TM
160
160
16
20
100
200
250
25
32
5
5
14..20
7.5
10
15
18..26
7.5
10
15
23..32
10
15
20
29..37
7.5
10
20
80
34..41
10
20
100
38..45
7.5*
15
125
TM
160
25
250
63
B,C,N
TM,M
160
I n [A]
T1
EL
160
160 160
40
50
63
160
T2
N,S,H,L
TM
160
1,6..5
6,3..10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
40
12,5
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
3*
4*
80
100
160
EL
T3
N,S
TM
160
250
10..160
63
80
3*
4*
100
125
160..250
192
193
1SDC008017F0201
125
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Tmax-Isomax
Supply s.
T3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,S
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
250
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
Load s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM
250
I n [A]
160
200
250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
32
5.5
5.5
50
5.5
5.5
80
3*
10
4*
13
16
20
2.5
5.5
100
Load s.
125
S240
Icu [kA]
7.5
160..250
* Value for the supply side magnetic only circuit-breaker.
25
5.5
32
4.5
40
250
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S250
194
10
Char.
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
I n [A]
2
<=2
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
B-C
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
B-C
10
8.5
B-C
13
7.5
B-C
16
7.5
B-C
20
2.5
5.5
B-C
25
5.5
B-C
32
4.5
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
195
1SDC008018F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-MCB
Isomax S3 - S250 @ 400V
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S250
10
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
<=2
2
3
<=2
2
3
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
10
8.5
B-C
10
8.5
16
B-C
13
7.5
12
20
4.5
6.5
B-C
16
7.5
12
25
2.5
32
40
50
63
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S270
15
250
9.5
B-C
20
5.5
13.5
9.5
B-C
25
5.5
13.5
B-C
32
4.5
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
12
12
10.5
10.5
250
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S260
10
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
<=2
2
3
<=2
2
3
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
B-C
10
8.5
10
8.5
B-C
13
7.5
16
13.5
B-C
16
7.5
20
4.5
6.5
11
B-C
20
2.5
5.5
25
9.5
B-C
25
5.5
32
9.5
B-C
32
4.5
40
50
9.5
63
9.5
B-C
40
B-C
50
B-C
63
196
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S270
15
197
1SDC008019F0201
7
7
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-MCB
Isomax S3 - S270 @ 400V
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S270
10
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
2
<=2
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
10
8.5
16
7.5
20
2.5
5.5
25
2.5*
5.5
32
2*
4.5
40
4.5*
50
3*
4.5*
63
4.5*
6*
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
15
5.5
5.5
10
8.5
17
16
20
4.5
6.5
25
S280
20
15
13.5 24.5
11
22
25
9.5
16.5
32
9.5
16.5
40
15
50
9.5
63
9.5
Load s.
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
15
5.5
5.5
10
8.5
17
13
13.5 24.5
16
13.5 24.5
13.5
20
4.5
6.5
11
22
25
9.5
16.5
32
9.5
16.5
40
15
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
15
B-C
5.5
5.5
B-C
10
8.5
17
B-C
13
7.5
12
20
B-C
16
7.5
12
20
B-C
20
2.5
5.5
25
S280
20
15
B-C
25
5.5
13.5
B-C
32
4.5
12
B-C
40
12
B-C
50
10.5
B-C
63
10.5
198
Load s.
25
S280
20
15
50
63
T
T
199
1SDC008020F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-MCB
Isomax S3 - S280 @ 400V
Load s.
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Icu [kA]
Char.
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
I n [A]
2
<=2
32
B-C-D
4.5
4.5
10
15
35
35
35
35
B-C-D
10
4.5
4.5
10
15
35
35
35
35
35
15
S280
25
20
15
Load s.
Icu [kA]
250
B-C-D
13
4.5
10
15
35
35
35
5.5
5.5
B-C-D
16
4.5
10
15
35
35
35
35
10
8.5
17
B-C-D
20
4.5
7.5
15
35
35
35
35
13
7.5
12
20
B-C-D
25
7.5
10
20
35
35
35
16
7.5
12
20
B-C-D
32
10
20
35
35
35
20
2.5
5.5
13.5
B-C-D
40
7.5
15
35
35
35
25
2.5*
5.5
13.5
B-C-D
50
10
35
35
35
32
2*
4.5
12
B-C-D
63
35
35
35
40
4.5*
12
50
3*
4.5*
10.5
63
4.5*
6*
10.5
250
S500
50
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S290
15
Supply s.
S3
Supply s.
S3
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
160-250
Iu [A]
160-250
Char.
I n [A]
C-D-K
80
C-D-K
100
125
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
250
9.5
Load s.
Icu [kA]
50
14
S500
30
200
Char.
I n [A]
32
50
80
100
125
160
200
35
35
35
35
35
<=5.8
5.8
5.3..8
4.5
4.5
35
35
35
7.3..11
25
35
35
10..15
10
15
30
14..20
18..26
10
20
7.5
15
23..32
29..37
15
20
34..41
20
38..45
20
201
1SDC008021F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-MCB
Load s.
S240
Icu [kA]
7.5
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
EL
Release
EL
Release
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
250
Iu [A]
Char.
I n [A]
100
160
250
Char.
I n [A]
100
160
250
2
<=2
10
13
B-C
16
20
25
32
40
S250
10
S250
Icu [kA]
10
Load s.
Release
250
Char.
I n [A]
100
160
250
2
<=2
B-C
B-C
B-C
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
B-C
B-C
EL
Iu [A]
160
250
B-C
10
10
B-C
13
16
B-C
16
20
B-C
20
25
B-C
25
32
B-C
32
40
B-C
40
50
50
B-C
50
63
63
B-C
63
S270
Icu [kA]
15
Char.
250
100
15
Load s.
160
I n [A]
2
<=2
S270
Icu [kA]
EL
160
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
EL
Release
Iu [A]
250
160
100 160 250
Iu [A]
Iu [A]
Char.
Load s.
Release
Icu [kA]
Supply s.
Load s.
I n [A]
2
<=2
EL
160
100 160
250
250
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
I n [A]
2
<=2
<=2
2
3
B-C
B-C
250
Load s.
250
160
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
100
160
250
15
B-C
B-C
10
B-C
13
B-C
16
B-C
20
B-C
25
B-C
32
B-C
40
10
B-C
10
16
B-C
13
20
B-C
16
25
B-C
20
32
B-C
25
40
B-C
32
50
B-C
40
63
B-C
B-C
Char.
EL
Iu [A]
10
Icu [kA]
Release
250
S260
Load s.
EL
160
100 160
10
16
20
25
32
40
50
50
63
63
202
S270
10
25
S280
20
15
B-C
50
B-C
63
203
1SDC008022F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-MCB
Isomax S4 - S280 @ 400V
S4
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Iu [A]
Icu [kA]
15
25
S280
20
15
Supply s.
Release
Load s.
Char.
I n [A]
EL
160
100 160
Release
250
250
10
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
Iu [A]
Load s.
Icu [kA]
15
25
S280
20
15
Char.
I n [A]
Release
EL
250
250
160
100 160
Iu [A]
Load s.
Icu [kA]
Char.
I n [A]
EL
160
100 160
Release
250
250
Iu [A]
Load s.
Icu [kA]
EL
160
100 160
250
250
Char.
I n [A]
<=5.8
5.8
5.3..8
B-C-D
40*
40*
40*
10
B-C-D
10
40*
40*
40*
13
B-C-D
13
40*
40*
40*
7.3..11
16
B-C-D
16
40*
40*
40*
10..15
20
25
S500
50
B-C-D
20
40*
40*
40*
B-C-D
25
40*
40*
40*
50
S500
14..20
18..26
32
B-C-D
32
40*
40*
40*
23..32
40
B-C-D
40
40*
40*
40*
29..37
50
B-C-D
50
40*
40*
40*
34..41
63
B-C-D
63
40*
40*
40*
38..45
30
Supply s.
S4
Supply s.
S4
Version
N,H,L
Version
N,H,L
Release
Iu [A]
Load s.
Icu [kA]
15
S280
25
20
15
Char.
I n [A]
EL
160
100 160
Release
250
250
2
<=2
10
13
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
Iu [A]
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S290
15
Char.
I n [A]
EL
160
100 160
250
250
C-D-K
80
14
C-D-K
100
10.5
125
204
205
1SDC008023F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
Isomax - Tmax @ 415V
S4
S5
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
Release
TM
Iu [A]
Load s.
T1
Version Release
160
EL
160
I n [A]
TM
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
Supply s.
50
63
80
250
160
S6
N,S,H,L
EL
250
400
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
S,H,L
TM
TM
EL
EL
630
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
125
100
50
63
80
TM
125/200125 200
100
3212550
160
80
EL
EL
125/200
250
200 400
EL
EL
630
250
400
630
200
100 100125160 160
250 320
200 400
100 630
160 250 320 400
630
16
38
T
4
T8
T
8
20-25
38
T
4
T8
T
8
32
38
T
4
T8
T
8
40-63
38
T
4
T8
T
8
80
3*
3*
3*
7
T
4
T
7
100
3*
4*
3*
4*
3*
7
4*
T
T
7
4*
5*
4*
T
5*
125
160
4*
S4
S5
S6
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
T1
Version Release
TM
I n [A]
160
EL
160
50
63
80
250
160
EL
250
400
EL
EL
630
630 800
1250
1600
630
100
125
63
50
80
TM,M
125/200125
100
3212550
200
160
80
EL
EL
125/200
250
200
400
EL
EL
250
630
400
630
100
200 100125160 160
250 200
320 400
100 160
630 250 320 400
630
25
38
4
T
T8
8
T
32
38
4
T
T8
8
T
40-63
38
4
T
T8
8
T
80
3*
3*
3*
7
4
T
7
T
100
3*
4*
24
24
24
3*
4*
3*
7
4*
T
7
T
4*
5*
24
24
24
4*
T
5*
24
24
24
125
160
4*
1SDC008024F0201
Load s.
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
Supply s.
206
207
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
Version
Release
S4
S5
S6
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
TM,M
Iu [A]
Load s.
Version Release
50
63
80
250
32
T1
TM
160
EL
160
I n [A]
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
S3
Supply s.
160
EL
250
400
EL
630
800
1250
1600
100
125
630
630
30
63
50
TM,M
125/200125
80
100
3212550
200
160
80
30
40-63
30
30
30
80
3*
30
30
30
100
3*
4*
24
24
24
5*
24
24
24
5*
24
24
24
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
3*
4*
T
T
T
125
160
30
EL
630
EL
EL
125/200
250
200
400
EL
EL
250
630
400
100
200 100125160 160
250 200
320 400
100 160
630 250 320 400
4
3*
4*
4*
4*
630
630
N,H,L
Version
Release
Version Release
T2
250
160
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
160
EL
250
400
EL
EL
630
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
50
63
80
1,6-2,5
3,2
10
13
30**
100
125
TM,M
125/200125
200
EL
EL
125/200
250
200
400
EL
EL
250
630
400
630
63
50
80
100
3212550
160
80
100
200 100125160 160
250 200
320 400
100 160
630 250 320 400
T T T
TT
T T T
TT
TT
630
T
10
15
10
30
10 T 10
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
T
T
4-5
15 30**
86
15
30
6 T 6
15
T
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
6,3
14
20**
43
14
3 20 3
T7
14
T
T 20 T
TT
TT
10
15
30**
10
15
35
5
10
T
T 15 T
35
T
TT
15
30
76
15
4
30
6
T 8 T
15
T
30
T
TT
12,5-16
10
20
10
3
T 3 T
8T
10
T
TT
20
10
18
30
30
30
39
30 3 30
30
6
9
T
30
T
30
T
30
25-32
10
18
25
25
25
38
25 3 25
25
5
8
T
25
T
25
T
25
40-63
10
20
20
20
37
20 3 20
20
5
7
T
20
T
20
T
20
80
3*
10
3*
10
3
T
10
T
10
100
3*
3*
3*
10
3*
10
3*
T
10
T
10
125
3*
5*
10
3*
T
10
5*
10
10
10
3
3
T
10
T
10
T
10
160
EL
S2
I n [A]
10
160
S7
EL
160
TM
S6
10..160
208
3*
3
10
10
1SDC008025F0201
Load s.
S5
TM,M
Iu [A]
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
S4
S3
209
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
S3
Version
N,H,L
Release
TM
160
250
160
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
160
TM
TM,M
EL
250
400
EL
EL
630
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
50
63
80
1,6-2,5
3,2
10
13
30**
125
100
TM,M
125/200125 200
EL
EL
125/200
250
200 400
EL
EL
630
250
400
630
50
63
80
100
32125 50
160
80
200
100 100125160 160
250 320
200 400
100 630
160 250 320 400
T T T
TT
T T T
TT
TT
630
T
10
10
15
30
10 T 10
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
T
T
4-5
15 30**
6
8
15
30
6 T 6
15
T
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
6,3
14
20**
3
4
14
3 20 3
T7
14
T
T 20 T
TT
TT
10
15
30**
10
15
35
5
10
T
T 15 T
35
T
TT
15
30
10
20
12,5-16
6
7
15
4
30
6
T 8 T
15
T
30
T
TT
10
3
40 3 40
40
8
10
T
40
T
40
T
40
20
10
18
30
30
30
9
3
30 3 30
30
6
T
9
30
T
30
T
30
25-32
10
18
25
25
25
8
3
25 3 25
25
5
T
8
25
T
25
T
25
40-63
10
20
20
20
7
3
20 3 20
20
5
T
7
20
T
20
T
20
80
3*
10
3*
10
T
3
10
T
10
100
3*
3*
3*
10
3*
10
3*
T
10
T
10
125
3*
5*
10
3*
T
10
5*
10
10
10
3
T
3
10
T
10
T
10
160
EL
S7
I n [A]
10
S
S6
EL
160
T2
S5
10-160
210
3*
3
10
10
1SDC008026F0201
Version Release
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
N,H,L
TM,M
Iu [A]
Load s.
Supply s.
211
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
Version
Release
Version Release
TM
160
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
EL
250
160
EL
250
400
EL
EL
630
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
50
63
80
1,6-2,5
3,2
10
13
30**
125
100
TM,M
125/200125 200
EL
EL
125/200
250
200 400
EL
EL
630
250
400
630
50
63
80
100
32125 50
160
80
200
100 100125160 160
250 320
200 400
100 630
160 250 320 400
T T T
TT
T T T
TT
TT
630
T
10
10
15
30
10 T 10
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
4-5
15 30** 60**
6
8
15
30
6 T 6
15
T
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
6,3
14
20**
3
4
14
3 20 3
60
7
14
T
T 20 T
60
T
TT
10
15
10
15
35
5
10
T
T 15 T
35
T
TT
15
30
50**
6
7
15
4
30
6
T 8 T
15
T
30
T
TT
12,5-16
10
20
10
3
40 3 40
40
8
10
T
40
T
40
T
40
20
10
18
30
30
30
9
3
30 3 30
30
6
T
9
30
T
30
T
30
25-32
10
18
25
25
25
8
3
25 3 25
25
5
T
8
25
T
25
T
25
40-63
10
20
20
20
7
3
20 3 20
20
5
T
7
20
T
20
T
20
80
3*
10
3*
10
T
3
10
T
10
100
3*
3*
3*
10
3*
10
3*
T
10
T
10
125
3*
5*
10
3*
T
10
5*
10
10
10
3
T
3
10
T
10
T
10
30** 60**
160
EL
160
I n [A]
S6
160
10
T2
S5
10-160
212
3*
3
10
10
1SDC008027F0201
Load s.
S4
TM,M
Iu [A]
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
S3
213
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
S4
S5
S6
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
Release
TM,M
Iu [A]
Version Release
T2
160
EL
250
400
EL
EL
630
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
63
80
1,6-2,5
3,2
10
13
30**
100
125
TM,M
125/200125 200
EL
EL
125/200
250
200
400
EL
EL
250
630
400
630
63
50
80
100
3212550
160
80
100
200 100125160 160
250 200
320 400
100 160
630 250 320 400
T T T
TT
T T T
TT
TT
630
T
10
15
10
30
10 T 10
30
T
T T T
TT
TT
T
T
4-5
15 30** 60**
86
15
30
6 70 6
15
T
30
T
T 70 T
TT
TT
6,3
14
20**
43
14
3 20 3
60
7
14
T
T 20 T
60
T
TT
10
15
10
15
35
5
10
70
T 15 T
35
T
70
T
TT
12,5-16
30** 60**
15
30
50**
10
20
76
15
4
30
6
T 8 T
15
T
30
T
TT
10
3
40 3 40
40
8
10
T
40
T
40
T
40
20
10
18
30
30
30
39
30 3 30
30
6
9
T
30
T
30
T
30
25-32
10
18
25
25
25
38
25 3 25
25
5
8
T
25
T
25
T
25
40-63
10
20
20
20
37
20 3 20
20
5
7
T
20
T
20
T
20
80
3*
10
3*
10
3
T
10
T
10
100
3*
3*
3*
10
3*
10
3*
T
10
T
10
125
3*
5*
10
3*
T
10
5*
10
10
10
3
3
T
10
T
10
T
10
160
EL
160
50
10
160
250
I n [A]
TM
EL
160
10-160
214
3*
3
10
10
1SDC008028F0201
Load s.
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
Supply s.
215
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Tmax
S3
Version
N,H,L
Release
Load s.
T3
Version Release
TM
250
S6
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
EL
160
I n [A]
S5
TM,M
Iu [A]
50
63
80
250
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
S4
160
EL
250
400
63
80
100
125
EL
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
125
100
50
63
80
TM,M
125/200125 200
100
32125 50
160
80
12
12
12
12
12
12
3*
12
12
12
3*
4*
12
12
12
4*
EL
EL
630
250
400
630
T
3
T5
T
5
T
3
T
5
3*
3*
10
10
10
10
10
30
10
10
30
630
10
250
EL
200 400
200
100 100125160 160
250 320
200 400
100 630
160 250 320 400
200
EL
125/200
250
160
EL
630
3*
T
T
5
3*
T
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
S4
S5
S6
S7
S2
S3
S3
S4
S6
S4
S6
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
TM
TM,M
TM,M
T3
Version Release
TM
I n [A]
250
EL
160
50
63
80
250
160
80
100
125
200
250
400
63
160
EL
250
EL
630
800
1250
1600
630
630
125
100
50
63
80
TM,M
125/200125 200
100
32125 50
160
80
EL
200 400
EL
EL
630
250
400
630
200
100 100125160 160
250 320
200 400
100 630
160 250 320 400
12
12
12
12
12
12
3*
12
12
12
40**
3*
4*
12
12
12
36**
4*
T
3
T5
T
5
T
3
T
5
3*
3*
10
10
10
36**
10
10
30
10
10
30
40**
630
10
216
EL
125/200
250
EL
630
42
3*
42
42
5
38
3*
38
38
38
38
38
32
32
32
32
32
1SDC008029F0201
Release
Iu [A]
Load s.
Current-limiting
Current-limiting
circuit-breakers
circuit-breakers
Supply s.
42
42
42
38
38
38
38
38
38
32
32
32
32
32
217
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Isomax
TM
S6
S7
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
I n [A]
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
32
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
50
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
80
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
100
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
250
125
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
200
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
250
12
12
25 30
25
25
250
S3
TM
TM
1600
250
400
630
100
11 11
11
20 25
20
20
20
160
11 11
11
20 25
20
20
20
250
11
11
20 25
20
20
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
S4
S6
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
32
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
50
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
100
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
250
125
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
12 12
12
25 30
200
12 12
12
25 30
250
12
12
25 30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Iu [A]
Load s.
S4
Version Release
H
EL
160
I n [A]
160
250
250
400
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
1250
1600
S6
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
100
11 11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
20
160
11 11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
20
250
11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
I n [A]
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
32
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
50
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
80
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
100
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
250
125
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
160
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
200
12 12
12
25 30
25
25
25
250
12
12
25 30
25
25
250
1250
Version
Iu [A]
250
S7
S3
160
400
S6
80
Version Release
EL
250
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
S5
Load s.
160
I n [A]
S4
I n [A]
250
S4
Version Release
Supply s.
Iu [A]
Version Release
Iu [A]
Load s.
S6
Load s.
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
S5
Iu [A]
Load s.
S4
Version Release
L
EL
160
I n [A]
160
250
250
400
1250
1600
S6
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
100
11 11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
20
160
11 11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
20
250
11
11
20 25
50
50 50
20
20
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current of the supply side
circuit-breaker.
218
219
1SDC008030F0201
S3
Version Release
S4
Iu [A]
Load s.
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Isomax
EL
S6
S7
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
I n [A]
400
630
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
320
15 20
15
400
15 20
15
630
S5
EL
630
EL
630
1250
1600
250
400
630
630
630
800
800
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
320
15 20
50
50 50
15
15 20
50
50 50
15
50
50 50
630
Iu [A]
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
400
Load s.
S6
Version Release
S
EL
160
250
400
1250
1600
250
S6
400
630
I n [A]
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
630
630
40
40 40
800
800
40
40 40
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
160
I n [A]
400
S7
Iu [A]
S5
400
S6
Version Release
EL
250
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
S5
Load s.
160
I n [A]
S4
I n [A]
400
S6
Version Release
Supply s.
Iu [A]
Version Release
Iu [A]
Load s.
S6
Load s.
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
S5
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
320
15 20
50
50 50
15
400
15 20
50
50 50
15
50
50 50
630
220
Iu [A]
Load s.
S6
Version Release
H
EL
160
250
400
1250
1600
250
S6
400
630
I n [A]
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
630
630
40
40 40
800
800
40
40 40
221
1SDC008031F0201
S5
Version Release
S4
Iu [A]
Load s.
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Isomax-Isomax
S6
Version Release
L
EL
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
S6
Supply s.
S4
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
160
I n [A]
250
400
1250
1600
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
630
630
40
40
40
800
800
40
40
40
Iu [A]
Load s.
S6
Version Release
X
EL
400
630
160
250
400
1250
1600
250
S6
400
630
I n [A]
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
320
45
400
45
45 65*
630
45
45 65*
45 65*
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current of the supply
side circuit-breaker.
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
Version Release
S3
TM
160
I n [A]
125
125
200
200
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
250
400
1250
1600
S6
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
32
14
14
50
14
14
80
100
125
160
25 25
25
200
25 25
25
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current of the supply side
circuit-breaker.
S5
S6
S7
S4
Version
N,H,L
N,H,L
N,S,H,L
S,H,L
Release
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
Iu [A]
Load s.
S4
Version Release
X
EL
160
I n [A]
250
Current-limiting circuit-breakers
Supply s.
250
400
1250
1600
S6
250
400
630
100 160 250 320 400 630 630 800 1000 1250 1600 100 160 250 320 400 630
100
20 20
20
50
50
50
160
20 20
20
50
50
50
250
20
20
50
50
* Choose the lowest value among those indicated and the rated ultimate short-circuit current of the supply side
circuit-breaker.
222
223
1SDC008032F0201
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Discrimination tables Emax-MCCBs
Example:
E1
B
Release
Iu [A]
Version
Release
B
T1
TM
160
N
N
T2
T3
EL
E3
L*
EL
E4
H
L*
EL
EL
V
EL
800 800 1600 1250 1250 2500 1250 1250 2000 4000 3200 5000 3200
1250 1250 2000 1600 1600 3200 1600 1600 2500
4000 6300 4000
2000
2000 2000
5000
2500 2500
6300
3200 3200
T
36
36
55
36
55
75
36
S
H
TM, EL
160
TM
250
From the selectivity table on page 224 it can be seen that breakers E2N1250
and S5H400, correctly set, are selective up to 55 kA (higher than the shortcircuit current at the busbar).
From the selectivity table on page 208 it can be seen that, instead, breakers
S5H400 e T1N160 R125 are selective up to 24kA (higher than the short-circuit
current at the busbar).
E6
Time-current Curves
t [s] 104
Ur = 400V
103
101
Cable
Ik=50kA
S5H400 R400
1
T1N160 R125
E1
B
Release
Iu [A]
Load s.
Version
Release
N
S3
TM
L
N
S4
EL
L
N
S5
EL
160
250
S
H
EL
S7
EL
L
S8
H
V
EL
E3
L*
EL
E4
H
L*
EL
E6
H
EL
V
EL
800 800 1600 1250 1250 2500 1250 1250 2000 4000 3200 5000 3200
1250 1250 2000 1600 1600 3200 1600 1600 2500
4000 6300 4000
2000
2000 2000
5000
2500 2500
6300
3200 3200
T
36
55
T
T
36
55
75
55
36
55
75
36
55
36
55
75
630
36
800
36
55
36
55
75
42
55
42
55
75
42
75
75
100
400
630
L
S
36
160
250
N
S6
E2
N
1250
1600
EL
2000/2500/3200
S3
TM
125/200
36
55
100
75
100
100
S4
EL
250
36
55
100
75
100
100
S6
EL
400/630
36
55
100
75
100
100
1SDC008033F0201
Supply s.
10-1
1SDC008016F0001
Load s.
E2
10-2
Cable
Ik=22kA
10-1
101 22kA
50kA I [A]
T1N160 R125
From the curves it is evident that between breakers E2N1250 and S5H400
time discrimination exists, while between breakers S5H400 and T1N160 there
is energy discrimination.
224
225
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Isomax - MCB @ 400V
Supply s.
Version
Load s. Char.
Icu [kA]
16
25
36
50
70
85
Version
Icu [kA]
N
S
H
L
X
I n [A]
Icu [kA]
Version
Icu [kA]
42
65 (E1=50)
35*
50
65
100 (S3=85)
200
75
100
130
150
S3
S4
S3
S4 S3 S3 S4
Iu 125 Iu 200
36
65
85 100
200
S240
6..40
7.5
S250
B,C,K
6..63
10
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
S260
B,C
6..63
10
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
S270
B,C,D
6..63
15
25
20
25
20
25
20
25
25
25
S270
6..63
10
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
6..8
15
25
20
25
20
25
20
25
25
25
10..25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
35
35
30
32..40
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
25
25
50..63
15
25
20
25
20
25
20
25
25
25
80, 100
16
16
16
80..125
15
25
Emax @ 415V ac
Isomax @ 415V ac
S3 S4
S280
S290
B,C,D,K,Z
C,D,K
10
16
16
20
20
25
20
25
20
25
25
25
Supply s. T1
T1
T2
T3
T2
T2
Icu [kA]
25
36
50
70
85
25
Version
Load s.
T1
16
T1
25
36
36
36
50
50
70
85
36
36
36
50
50
70
85
36
T2
50
85
T2
70
85
T1
T2
50
50
70
85
50
50
70
85
T3
T1 T2
Icu [kA]
16
25
36
50
70
85
7.5
16
25
40
40
40
40
40
40
Version
Load s. Char.
S240
S250
C
B,C,K
S260
B,C
S270
B,C,D
S270
I n [A]
6..10
13..40
6..10
13..63
6..10
13..63
6..10
13..63
6..10
13..63
6..10
S280
S290
B,C,D,K,Z
C,D,K
10
16
25
30
30
36
36
10
16
25
30
36
15
16
25
30
36
10
16
25
30
36
15
13..25
25
32..40
20
50..63
15
T3
36
16
36
16
36
16
36
25
36
16
T2
36
36
36
50
36
36
30
16
25
30
36
25
80, 100
16
16
16
15
16
25
30
36
40
16
40
16
40
16
50
T2 T2
40
70
85
25
60
60
40
40
70
85
60
60
40
16
40
25
80..125
T3
30
25
25
16
36
16
36
36
30
50
30
70
85
226
50
Supply s. T1
Version
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S3
36
S3
65
T2 T3
T2
T1
T2
N
T3
T2
L
25
36
50
70
85
50
227
1SDC008035F0201
T1
1SDC008034F0201
Supply s. T1
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Isomax - Tmax @ 415V
S4
S3
S5
S4
S6
S5 S6
S6 S2
S7
S6
S3
S7
S4 S5
S3 S6
S4 S5
S7
S6
S3 S4
S7 S5
S3 S4
S6
S5
S7 S6
S3
S3
S7 S3
S4
S3
S6
S4
S6
Version
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S S
36
36
50 50
50
65
65
85
85100
L
100
200
200
T1
16
36
30
36
30
30
36
30
50
36
40
40
40
40 40
40
40
40
50 50
50
50 50
50 130
50 85 130
65 85
50
T1
25
36
36
36
36
50
36
50
50
65
50
65
65
65 65
65
65
50
65
85 85
50
85
85 85
70
85
50 170
70 150
50 170
130 150
70 130 70
50
50
50
65
50
65
65
65 65
65
65
50
65
85 100
50 100
85 100
70 100
50 170
70 150
50 170
130 150
70 130 70
36
50
50
50
65
50
65
65
65 65
65
65
65
85 100
65 100
85 100
85 100
85 200
85 200
85 200 200
100 200 100
50
50
50
65
50
65
65
65 65
65
65
50
65
85 100
50 100
85 100 100
50 100 200
50 200 100
200 200 100
50
65
65
65
65 65
65
65
65
85 100
65 100
85 100
85 100
85 200
85 200
85 200 130
200 200 130
65
65
65
65 65
65
65
65
85 100 100
85 100 100 100 200 200 130
200 200 130
T1
T2
T3
T2
T3
65
50
T2
70
85 100 100
85 100
85 100
85 200
85 200
85 200 200
150 200 150
T2
85
Ur = 400V
S5H
1SDC008017F0001
Supply s. S3
S2
Example:
From the coordination table on page 228 the following conclusion is derived:
the circuit-breakers type S5H and T1N are coordinated in back-up protection
up to a value of 65 kA (higher than the short-circuit current measured at the
installation point), although the maximum breaking capacity of T1N, at 415 V, is
36 kA.
Cable
T1N160
Version
Load s.
Icu [kA]
S3
S4
S5
36
50
S7
S
H
65
50
40
50
40
50
40
40
S3
S4
S5
S5
50
S6
S6
S3 S4
65
65
65
S6
S7
S3 S4
S5 S6
L
85
65
65
40
65
65
40
65
40
85 100
S4
S5
85
L
S3 S3 S4
Iu 125 Iu 200
S6
100
200
65
65
40
65
65
40
100
85
40
170
40
50
85
200
100 100
200
100 85
200
85
200
S6
S3
S7
100
S6
200
200
228
1SDC008036F0201
Supply s. S6
229
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Tmax @ 415V ac
Version
Icu [kA]
Isomax @ 415V ac
Version
Icu [kA]
35*
16
25
50
36
65 (S8 = 85)
50
70
120
85
200
* Versions certified at 36 kA
SWITCH
T1B
T1C
T1N
T2N
T2S
T2H
T2L
T3N
T3S
S3N
S3H
S3L
S4N
S4H
S4L
S5N
S5H
S5L
S6N
S6S
S6H
S6L
S7S
S7H
S7L
S8H
S8V
T1D 160
T3D 250
S3D 100
S3D 160
S3D 250
S3D 320
S6D 400
DISCONNECTOR
S6D 630
S6D 800
S7D 1000
S7D 1250
S7D 1600
S8D 2000
S8D 2500
S8D 3200
16
25
36
36
50
70
85
36
50
35
35
35
65
65
85
35
65
65
100
35
65
100
35
50
65
100
1SDC008037F0201
415 V
50
65
100
85
120
230
231
4 Protection coordination
4 Protection coordination
Example:
From the coordination table on page 230-231 it can be seen that circuit-breaker
T2S160 is able to protect the switch disconnector T1D160 up to a short-circuit
current of 50 kA (higher than the short-circuit current at the installation point).
Overload protection is also verified, as the rated current of the breaker is not
higher than the size of the disconnector.
Example:
For the correct selection of the components, the disconnector must be
protected from overloads by a device with a rated current not greater
than the size of the disconnector, while in short-circuit conditions it must
be verified that:
Icw Ik
Icm Ip.
Therefore, with regard to the electrical parameters of the single devices,
Emax E2N1250/MS disconnector is selected, and a E2N1250 breaker.
That is:
Icw(E2N /MS) = 55 kA > 45 kA
Icm (E2N /MS) = 121 kA > 100 kA.
T2S160
E2N1250
Cable
Cable
T1D 160
E2N1250 /MS
Ik =45 kA
Ip =100 kA
Ik = 40kA
Ur = 400V
1SDC008019F0001
Ur = 400V
1SDC008018F0001
232
233
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
5.1 Direct current networks
Main applications of direct current:
Emergency supply or auxiliary services.
The use of direct current is due to the need to employ a back-up energy
source which allows the supply of essential services such as protection
services, emergency lighting, alarm systems, hospital and industrial services,
data-processing centres etc., using accumulator batteries, for example.
Electrical traction.
The advantages offered by the use of dc motors in terms of regulation and of
single supply lines lead to the widespread use of direct current for railways,
underground railways, trams, lifts and public transport in general.
Particular industrial installations.
There are some electrolytic process plants and applications which have a
particular need for the use of electrical machinery.
Typical uses of circuit-breakers include the protection of cables, devices and
the operation of motors.
234
Ik =
UMax
Ri
where:
UMax is the maximum flashover voltage (no-load voltage);
Ri is the internal resistance of the elements forming the battery.
The internal resistance is usually supplied by the manufacturer, but may be
calculated from the discharge characteristics obtained through a test such as
detailed by IEC 60896 1 or IEC 60896 2.
For example, a battery of 12.84 V and internal resistance of 0.005 gives a
short-circuit current at the terminals of 2568 A.
Under short-circuit conditions the current increases very rapidly in the initial
moments, reaches a peak and then decreases with the discharge voltage of
the battery. Naturally, this high value of the fault current causes intense heating
inside the battery, due to the internal resistance, and may lead to explosion.
Therefore it is very important to prevent and / or minimize short-circuit currents
in direct currents systems supplied by accumulator batteries.
235
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Diagram B
1SDC008020F0001
Load
1SDC008022F0001
Three-pole breaker with two poles in series for one polarity and one pole for the
other polarity (1)
+
-
Diagram D
Four-pole breaker with two poles in parallel per polarity
-
Load
1SDC008023F0001
Fault a: the fault, without negligible impedance, between the two polarities
sets up a short-circuit current to which both polarities contribute to the full
voltage, according to which the breaking capacity of the breaker must be
selected.
Fault b: the fault between the polarity and earth has no consequences from
the point of view of the function of the installation.
Fault c: again, this fault between the polarity and earth has no consequences
from the point of view of the function of the installation.
In insulated networks it is necessary to install a device capable of signalling the
presence of the first earth fault in order to eliminate it. In the worst conditions,
when a second earth fault is verified, the breaker may have to interrupt the
short-circuit current with the full voltage applied to a single polarity and therefore
with a breaking capacity which may not be sufficient.
In networks with both polarities insulated from earth it is appropriate to divide
the number of poles of the breaker necessary for interruption on each polarity
(positive and negative) in such a way as to obtain separation of the circuit.
Diagram G
Four-pole breaker with three poles in series on one polarity and one pole on the
remaining polarity (1)
+
Load
Load
1SDC008021F0001
1SDC008024F0001
Diagram A
(1) It is not advisable to divide the poles of the breaker unequally as, in this type of network,
a second earth fault may lead to the single pole working under fault conditions at full
voltage. In these circumstances, it is essential to install a device capable of signalling the
earth fault or the loss of insulation of one polarity.
236
237
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Diagram H
In a network with one polarity connected to earth, all the poles of the breaker
necessary for protection must be connected in series on the non-earthed
polarity. If isolation is required, it is necessary to provide another breaker pole
on the earthed polarity.
1SDC008027F0001
Load
Load
Diagram B
Three-pole breaker with two poles in series on the polarity not connected to
earth, and one pole on the remaining polarity
-
Load
R
1SDC008026F0001
a
U
Diagram D
Four-pole breaker with two poles in parallel per polarity
+
Fault a: the fault between the two polarities sets up a short-circuit current to
which both polarities contribute to the full voltage U, according to which the
breaking capacity of the breaker is selected.
Fault b: the fault on the polarity not connected to earth sets up a current
which involves the over-current protection according to the resistance of the
ground.
Fault c: the fault between the polarity connected to earth and earth has no
consequences from the point of view of the function of the installation.
Load
1SDC008028F0001
238
1SDC008029F0001
Diagram
A
B
D
G
H
239
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Diagram G
Diagram F
Four-pole breaker with three poles in series on the polarity not connected to
earth, and one pole on the remaining polarity
Four-pole breaker with four poles in series on the polarity not connected to
earth
+
Load
1SDC008033F0001
1SDC008030F0001
Load
Network with the median point connected to earth
1SDC008034F0001
Diagram C
1SDC008031F0001
Diagram E
Fault a: the fault between the two polarities sets up a short-circuit current to
which both polarities contribute to the full voltage U, according to which the
breaking capacity of the breaker is selected.
Fault b: the fault between the polarity and earth sets up a short-circuit current
less than that of a fault between the two polarities, as it is supplied by a
voltage equal to 0.5 U.
Fault c: the fault in this case is analogous to the previous case, but concerns
the negative polarity.
With network with the median point connected to earth the breaker must be
inserted on both polarities.
Load
Diagram A
Load
240
1SDC008035F0001
Load
1SDC008032F0001
241
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Diagram D
Example:
Using a SACE Isomax S6N800 R800 circuit-breaker with three poles in parallel,
a coefficient equal to 0.8 must be applied, therefore the maximum carrying
current will be 0.83800 = 1920 A.
Load
Diagram H
Four-pole breaker with two poles in series per polarity
-
1SDC008037F0001
Circuit-breaker
S3
S5
S6
T1
T2
T3
Load
3
0.8
2.4xIn
4 (neutral 100%)
0.7
2.8xIn
The connections which are external from the breaker terminals must be carried
out by the user in such a way as to ensure that the connection is perfectly
balanced.
diagram
B
1.15
1
1
1
1.15
1.15
diagram
C
1.15
1
1
1
1.15
1.15
diagram
D
1.1
1.1
-
diagram
E
1
1
-
diagram
F
1
1.1
0.9
-
diagram
G
1
1.1
0.9
-
diagram
H
1
1.1
0.9
-
Example
diagram
A
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
242
Data:
Direct current network insulated from earth;
Rated voltage Ur = 250 V;
Short-circuit current Ik = 32 kA
Rated current In = 230 A
Using Table 3, it is possible to select the SACE Isomax S3N250 R250 four pole
breaker, using the connection shown in diagram H (two poles in series for one
polarity and two poles in series for the remaining polarity). In this way an adequate
breaking capacity is ensured, even in the case of a second earth fault which
would involve only two poles at full network voltage.
From Table 2 corresponding to diagram H, and with breaker Isomax S3, km=1;
therefore the nominal magnetic trip will occur at 2500 A (taking into account
the tolerance, the trip will occur between 2000 A and 3000 A).
In the case of a double earth fault being improbable, or if the first fault can be
signalled at an appropriate time, a SACE Isomax S3N250 R250 three pole
breaker can be installed, using the connection shown in diagram A (one pole
per polarity). In this case, from Table 2 corresponding to diagram A, and with
breaker S3, km=1.3; therefore the nominal magnetic release will not occur at
2500 A, but at 3250 A (taking account of the tolerance between 2600 A and
3900 A).
243
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
The following table summarizes the breaking capacity of the various circuitbreakers available for direct current. The number of poles to be connected in
series to guarantee the breaking capacity is given in brackets.
Circuit-breaker
T1B160
T1C160
T1N160
T2N160
T2S160
T2H160
T2L160
T3N250
T3S250
S3N160/250
S3H160/250
S3L160/250
S5N400/630
S5H400/630
S5L400/630
S6N630/800
S6S630/800
S6H630/800
S6L630/800
1
Rated
current [A]
16 160
25 160
32 160
1.6 160
1.6 160
1.6 160
1.6 160
63 250
63 250
32250
32250
32250
320500
320500
320500
630 800
630 800
630 800
630 800
125 [V]1
16 (1P)
25 (1P)
36 (1P)
36 (1P)
50 (1P)
70 (1P)
85 (1P)
36 (1P)
50 (1P)
35 (1P)
65 (1P)
85 (1P)
35 (1P)
65 (1P)
100 (1P)
35 (1P)
50 (1P)
65 (1P)
100 (1P)
400 Hz networks
750 [V]
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
16 (3P)
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
244
I3=5In
R12.5
R16
R20
R25
R32
R40
R50
R63
R80
R100
R125
R160
MIN
8
10
12
16
20
25
31
39
50
63
79
100
MED
9.5
12
15
19
24.5
30.5
38
48
61
76.5
96
122
MAX
11
14
18
22
29
36
45
57
72
90
113
144
I3 (50Hz)
160
160
200
200
200
200
250
320
400
500
630
800
km
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I3 (400Hz)
320
320
400
400
400
400
500
640
800
1000
1260
1600
245
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Table 2: SACE Isomax performance S3 400 Hz
16 2/3 Hz networks
In (400Hz)
I3=5In
S3N 160
R32
R50
R80
R100
R125
R160
S3N 250
R200
R250
MIN
20
31
50
63
79
100
MIN
126
157
MED
24.5
38
61
76.5
96
122
MED
153
191
MAX
29
45
72
90
113
144
MAX
180
225
I3 (50Hz)
300
300
400
500
630
800
I3 (50Hz)
1000
1250
km
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
K
1.7
1.7
I3 (400Hz)
510
510
680
850
1071
1360
I3 (400Hz)
1700
2125
Table 5: Possible connections according to the voltage, the type of distribution and the type of fault
In (400Hz)
S5N 400
R320
R400
S5N 630
R500
MIN
202
252
MIN
315
MED
245
306
MED
382
MAX
288
360
MAX
450
I3 (50Hz)
1600
2000
I3 (50Hz)
2500
km
1.5
1.5
K
1.5
I3 (400Hz)
2400
3000
I3 (400Hz)
3750
Neutral grounded*
L-N fault
L-E fault
250 V
A1
A2
B2
500 V
A1
A2
B2
750 V
B1
B2, B3
B3
1000 V
C1
C2,C3
C2
* In the case of the only possible faults being L-N or L-E with non-significant impedance, use the diagrams shown.
If both faults are possible, use the diagrams valid for LE fault.
S6N 630
R630
S6N 800
R800
MIN
397
MIN
504
MED
482
MED
612
MAX
567
MAX
720
I3 (50Hz)
3150
I3 (50Hz)
4000
km
1.5
km
1.5
I3 (400Hz)
4725
I3 (400Hz)
6000
246
250 V
In [A]
S3N160
32 160
35 (2P)
S3N250
200 250
35 (2P)
S3H160
32 160
65 (2P)
S3H250
200 250
65 (2P)
S3L160
32 160
85 (2P)
S3L250
200 250
85 (2P)
S5N400
320 400
35 (2P)
S5N630
500
35 (2P)
S5H400
320 400
65 (2P)
S5H630
500
65 (2P)
S5L400
320 400
100 (2P)
S5L630
500
100 (2P)
S6N630
630
35 (2P)
S6N800
800
35 (2P)
S6S630
630
50 (2P)
S6S800
800
50 (2P)
S6H630
630
65 (2P)
S6H800
800
65 (2P)
S6L630
630
100 (2P)
S6L800
800
100 (2P)
* 1000V version circuit-breakers in dc, with neutral at 100%.
500 V
750 V
1000 V*
35 (2P)
35 (2P)
50 (2P)
50 (2P)
65 (2P)
65 (2P)
35 (2P)
35 (2P)
50 (2P)
50 (2P)
65 (2P)
65 (2P)
20 (2P)
20 (2P)
35 (2P)
35 (2P)
50 (2P)
50 (2P)
65 (2P)
65 (2P)
20 (3P)
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
50 (3P)
20 (3P)
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
50 (3P)
16 (3P)
16 (3P)
20 (3P)
20 (3P)
35 (3P)
35 (3P)
50 (3P)
50 (3P)
40 (4P)
40 (4P)
40 (4P)
40 (4P)
40 (4P)
50 (4P)
247
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Table 7: km factor
S3
S5
S6
Diagram A
0.9
0.9
0.9
Connection diagrams
Diagram B
0.9
0.9
0.9
Diagram C
0.9
0.9
0.9
Diagram A1
Configuration with two poles in series (without neutral connected to earth)
Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 2 poles in series
Interruption for phase to earth fault: not considered
(The installation method must be such as to make the probability of a second
earth fault negligible)
Tmax circuit-breakers
L
Load
Diagram A2
500 V
16 (3P)
25 (3P)
36 (3P)
36 (3P)
50 (3P)
70 (3P)
85 (3P)
36 (3P)
50 (3P)
750 V*
50 (4P)
-
Diagram A
1
0.9
0.9
1SDC008038F0001
Load
Diagram B
1
0.9
0.9
Diagram C
0.9
248
249
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Diagram B1
Diagram C1
Load
Configuration with three poles in series (with neutral connected to earth and
interrupted)
Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 3 poles in series
Interruption for phase to earth fault: 2 poles in series
Load
Load
Diagram B2
1SDC008042F0001
Diagram C2
Configuration with four poles in series, on one polarity (with neutral connected
to earth and not interrupted)
Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 4 poles in series
Interruption for phase to earth fault: 4 poles in series
Load
1SDC008041F0001
1SDC008039F0001
Load
Diagram B3
Diagram C3
Configuration with three poles in series (with neutral connected to earth but not
interrupted)
Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 3 poles in series
Interruption for phase to earth fault: 3 poles in series
Interruption with four poles in series (with neutral connected to earth and
interrupted)
Interruption for phase to neutral fault: 4 poles in series
Interruption for phase to earth fault: 3 poles in series
Load
Load
250
1SDC008040F0001
251
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Example:
Network data:
Rated voltage 250 V
Rated frequency 16 2/3 Hz
Load current 120 A
Phase to neutral short-circuit current 45 kA
Neutral connected to earth
Assuming that the probability of a phase to earth fault is negligible, Table 8
shows that connections A2, B2 or B3 may be used.
Therefore it is possible to choose a Tmax T2S160 R125 circuit-breaker, which
with the connection according to diagram A2 (two poles in series) has a breaking
capacity of 50 kA, while according to diagrams B2 or B3 (three poles in series)
the breaking capacity is 55 kA. To determine the magnetic trip, see factor km in
Table 10. The magnetic threshold will be:
I3= 12500.9 = 1125 A
whichever diagram is used.
If it is possible to have an earth fault with non significant impedance, the diagrams
to be considered (Table 8) are only B2 or B3. In particular, in diagram B2 it can
be seen that only 2 poles are working in series, the breaking capacity will be 50
kA (Table 9), while with diagram B3, with 3 poles working in series, the breaking
capacity is 55 kA.
[A]
Nr.
[V ]
S6
S6
160-250
400
630
800
4
1000
4
1000
4
1000
4
1000
[V]
[V]
1000
1000
1000
1000
3000
L
3000
L
3000
L
3000
L
(4 poles in series)
[kA]
40
40
40
50
[kA]
[ms]
40
40
40
50
[kA]
25
35
5
45
7.6
50
10
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Terminals
25000/120
20000/120
20000/120
20000/120
D [mm]
140
103.5
184
103.5
280
103.5
280
103.5
H [mm]
170
254
268
268
[kg]
3.5
12
12
The SACE Isomax and Emax /E 1000 V circuit-breakers are particularly suitable
for use in installations in mines, petrochemical plants and services connected
to electrical traction (tunnel lighting).
S5
[kV]
S3
Weights, fixed
Connection diagrams
General Characteristics
Load
1SDC008043F0001
252
253
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
+
In the presence of an earth fault of positive or negative polarity, the poles involved
in the fault work at U/2 (500 V); the following diagram must be used:
Load
1SDC008046F0001
1SDC008044F0001
It is assumed that the risk of a double earth fault in which the first fault is
downstream of the breaker on one polarity and the second is upstream of the
same switching device on the opposite polarity is null.
In this condition the fault current, which can reach high values, effects only
some of the 4 poles necessary to ensure the breaking capacity.
It is possible to prevent the possibility of a double earth fault by installing a
device which signals the loss of insulation and identifies the position of the first
earth fault, allowing it to be eliminated quickly.
Load
D) 2+2 poles in series (1000 Vdc)
Circuit-breaker
S3L
S5L
S6L
As the polarity connected to earth does not have to be interrupted (in the example
it is assumed that the polarity connected to earth is negative, although the
following is also valid with the polarity inverted), the diagram which shows the
connection of 4 poles in series on the polarity not connected to earth may be
used.
km
1
1.1
0.9
R32 (1)
R50 (1) R80 (1) R100 (1) R125 (1) R160 (1) R200 (1) R250 (1) R400 (2)
Load
1SDC008045F0001
S3L 160
S5L 400
S6L 630
S6L 800
R800 (2)
500
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
I3 dc (5-10xIn) [A]
(1) Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; fixed magnetic threshold
(2) Thermal threshold adjustable from 0.7 and 1 x In; magnetic threshold adjustable between 5 and 10 x In.
S3L 250
R630 (2)
254
255
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Example
To ensure the protection of a user supplied with a network having the following
characteristics:
Rated voltage
Ur = 1000 Vdc
Short-circuit current
Ik = 18 kA
Rated current
Ib = 520 A
Network with both polarities insulated from earth.
The air switch disconnectors derived from the Emax air breakers are identified
by the standard range code together with the code /E MS.
These comply with the international Standard IEC 60947-3 and are especially
suitable for use as bus-ties or principle isolators in direct current installations,
for example in electrical traction applications.
The overall dimensions and the fixing points remain unaltered from those of
standard breakers, and they can be fitted with various terminal kits and all the
accessories for the Emax range; they are available in both withdrawable and
fixed versions, and in three-pole version (up to 750 Vdc) and four-pole (up to
1000 Vdc).
The withdrawable breakers are assembled with special version fixed parts for
applications of 750/1000 Vdc.
The range covers all installation requirements up to 1000 Vdc / 3200 A or up to
750 Vdc / 4000 A.
A breaking capacity equal to the rated short-time withstand current is attributed
to these breakers when they are associated with a suitable external relay.
The following table shows the available versions and their relative electrical
performance:
E1B/E MS
Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 C) Iu
E2N/E MS
E3H/E MS
[A]
800
1250
1250
3200
[A]
1250
1600
1600
4000
2000
2000
[A]
[A]
2500
[A]
3200
Number of poles
Rated operational voltage Ue
Rated insulation voltage Ui
[V]
750
1000
750
1000
750
1000
750
1000
[V]
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
[kV]
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
[kA]
20
20
25
25
40
40
65
[kA]
20
20
25
25
40
40
65
20
25
40
750 V dc
1000 V dc
256
E4H/E MS
257
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Connection diagrams
Connection diagrams to be used according to the type of distribution system
follow.
1SDC008049F0001
The risk of a double earth fault on different poles is assumed to be zero, that is,
the fault current involves only one part of the breaker poles.
Load
G) 2+1 poles in series (750 Vdc)
Load
1SDC008047F0001
Load
H) 4 poles in series (1000 Vdc)
Load
Load
1SDC008051F0001
1SDC008048F0001
1SDC008050F0001
258
259
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
These circuit-breakers can also be fitted with all the accessories in the SACE
Isomax S standard range, with the exception of:
- residual current relays RC211 and RC212 (it is possible to use the SACE RCQ
switchboard relay);
- mechanical interlocks.
In particular it is possible to use conversion kits for removable and withdrawable
moving parts and various terminal kits.
The circuit-breakers in the SACE Isomax S 1000 V range can be supplied via
the upper terminals only.
General Characteristics
The circuit-breakers in the Isomax S 1000 V range comply with the international
Standard IEC 60947-2.
These circuit-breakers can be fitted with thermo-magnetic releases (for the
smaller sizes) and with SACE PR211 electronic releases (in version LI) or PR212
(in versions LSI and LSIG). All installation requirements can be met with a range
of available settings from 32 A to 800 A and with breaking capacity up to 30 kA
at 1000 Vac.
The circuit-breakers in the SACE Isomax S 1000 V range maintain the same
dimensions and fixing points as standard 690 V circuit-breakers. Standard supply
provides:
- insulated plates between the phases to guarantee adequate insulation;
- insulated rear panel to guarantee insulation from any metallic surface onto
which the circuit-breaker may be fixed.
S3
S3X
S4
S4X
S5
S6
S6X
630
[A]
160
125
160-250
250
400
630-800
Poles
Nr.
[V]
[kV]
1000
8
1000
8
1000
8
1000
8
1000
8
1000
8
1000
8
[V]
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
[V]
3000
L
3000
X
3000
L
3000
X
3000
L
3000
L
3000
X
[kA]
30
30
12
30
[kA]
9.2
63
13.6
63
13.6
24
63
Opening time
Rated short-time withstand current for 1 s, Icw
[ms]
[kA]
20
10
30
20
30
5
30
7.6 (630A)-10 (800A)
25
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
DIN EN 50023
25000/120
25000/120
20000/120
20000/120
20000/120
20000/120
20000/120
L [mm]
D [mm]
105
103.5
105
103.5
105
103.5
105
103.5
140
103.5
210
103.5
210
103.5
H [mm]
170
255
254
254
254
268
406
[kg]
2.6
3.6
9.5
15
Dimensions
Weights
260
261
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
In250
In400
In630
In800
S4L 250
S4X 250
S5L 400
S6L 630
S6X 630
S6L 800
I3 (1.5 12 x In) [A]
E2B/E
Rated uninterrupted current (at 40 C) Iu
1501200
3753000
9457560
R80
R100
R125
[V~]
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
[kA]
20
20
30
30
30
50
50
50
50
50
65
65
[kA]
20
20
30
30
30
50
50
50
50
50
65
65
[kA]
20
20
30
30
30
50
50
50
50
50
65
65
R160
S3L 160
E2B/E MS
E2N/E MS
E3H/E MS
[A]
1600
1250
1250
3200
[A]
2000
1600
1600
4000
2000
2000
[A]
S3X 125
I3 ac (10x In) [A]
[A]
500
500
800
1000
1250
1600
Rated operational voltage Ue
For 1000 V alternating current installations, the following devices are available:
Circuit-breakers in compliance with Standard IEC 60947-2.
The special version breakers up to 1000 Vac are identified by the standard
range code together with the suffix /E, and are derived from the correspondent
Emax standard breakers and retain the same versions, accessories and overall
dimensions.
The Emax range of breakers is available in both withdrawable and fixed versions
with three and four poles, and can be fitted with accessories and equipped
with the full range of electronic releases and microprocessors (PR111-PR112PR113).
Switch disconnectors in compliance with Standard IEC 60947-3.
These breakers are identified by the code of the standard range, from which
they are derived, together with the suffix /E MS. Three-pole and four-pole
versions are available in both withdrawable and fixed versions with the same
dimensions, accessory characteristics and installation as the standard switch
disconnectors.
262
E4H/E MS
2500
[A]
Number of poles
E4H/E
E3H/E
1600 2000 1250 1600 2000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 3200 4000
12009600
E2N/E
[A]
3200
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
[V]
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
[V]
1000
1000
1000
[kV]
12
12
12
12
[kA]
20
30
50
65
[kA]
40
63
105
143
263
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
5.4 Automatic Transfer Switches
In the electrical plants, where a high reliability is required from the power supply
source because the operation cycle cannot be interrupted and the risk of a
lack of power supply is unacceptable, an emergency line supply is indispensable
to avoid the loss of large quantities of data, damages to working processes,
plant stops etc.
For these reasons, transfer switch devices are used mainly for:
power supply of hotels and airports;
surgical rooms and primary services in hospitals;
power supply of UPS groups;
databanks, telecommunication systems, PC rooms;
power supply of industrial lines for continuous processes.
ATS010 is the solution offered by ABB: it is an automatic transfer switch system
with micro-processor based technology which allows switching of the supply
from the normal line (N-Line) to the emergency line (E-Line) in case any of the
following anomalies occurs on the main network:
overvoltages and voltage dips;
lack of one of the phases;
asymmetries in the phase cycle;
frequency values out of the setting range.
Then, when the network standard parameters are recovered, the system
switches again the power supply to the main network (N-Line).
The circuit-breakers used to switch from the N-line to the E-line shall have all
the necessary accessories and shall be properly interlocked in order to guarantee
the correct working of the plant. The following accessories are required:
Moulded-case circuit-breakers SACE Isomax (S3S7):
-
ATS010 is used in systems with two distinct supply lines connected to the
same busbar system and functioning independently (island condition): the
first one is used as normal supply line, the second is used for emergency power
supply from a generator system. It is also possible to provide the system with a
device to disconnect the non-priority loads when the network is supplied from
the E-Line.
The following scheme shows a plant having a safety auxiliary power supply:
Normal network
(N-Line)
Emergency Generator
(E-Line)
-QF2
ATS010
Non-vital loads
SD
Switching strategies
Vital loads
264
1SDC008038F0201
-QF1
motor operator;
trip signaling contact;
open/closed signaling contacts;
racked-in signaling contact in case of plug-in or withdrawable circuit-breakers;
mechanical interlock between two circuit-breakers.
265
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
For example, strategy 1 is used for systems in which a redundant 110 V auxiliary
power supply is available (MV/LV substations); the plant is designed so that the
auxiliary voltage is always present even when neither the normal line nor the
Gen Set are active. In this case, the auxiliary power supply can be used to feed
the motor operators and/or the shunt opening and closing releases of the circuitbreakers. ATS010 operates the circuit-breakers regardless of the presence of
the network and of the Gen Set.
MANUAL:
The MANUAL mode offers a choice between the following possibilities:
Strategy 2: this strategy is absolutely necessary when the power supply for
the auxiliary accessories of the circuit-breakers is directly derived from the
network and the Gen Set, since a safety auxiliary power supply is not available;
in this case, before operating the circuit-breakers, ATS010 waits for availability
of normal line or emergency line voltage: normal line or Gen Set. The switching
sequence is as follows:
- normal line anomaly detection;
- Gen Set starting;
- waiting for presence of Gen Set voltage and normal line circuit-breaker opening;
- Gen Set circuit-breaker closing.
Note: in both strategies, it is necessary to provide an auxiliary power supply for
ATS010.
The emergency line circuit-breaker is forced to open and the normal line circuitbreaker is forced to close; the Gen Set is stopped and the transfer switch
logic is disabled.
This selector position guarantees that the emergency line is not closed and
that the Gen Set is not running; this position is useful when the user wants to
carry out maintenance on the emergency line or on the Gen Set (in these
cases it is advisable to install mechanical lock in open position for the
emergency line circuit-breaker).
2. Normal Emergency OFF (maintenance)
Both circuit-breakers (N-Line and E-Line) are forced in open position. It is
useful when all loads are to be disconnected from the power supply sources,
for example to carry out maintenance on the plant (in these cases, it is advisable
to mechanically lock both circuit-breakers in the open position).
3. Gen Set START
Operating modes
By using the front selector it is possible to choose one of the following six
operating modes:
TEST:
This operating mode is useful to test the Gen Set start and therefore to test the
emergency line power supply status without disconnecting normal line power
supply.
AUTOMATIC:
The transfer switch logic is ON and checks both the circuit-breakers as well as
the generator. In case of normal line anomalies, the transfer switch procedure
begins from normal to emergency line and viceversa when normal line voltage
become available again.
1. Normal ON
266
The START command of the Gen Set has been activated through the proper
output. The circuit-breakers are not operated and the transfer switch logic is
disabled.
When emergency line voltage is present and switching is enabled, it is possible
to switch the selector to Emergency ON position in order to force supply
from the emergency line.
4. Emergency ON
Power supply is forced from the emergency line. Before switching to this
position, Gen-Set START operating mode is activated and shall be present
until switching is enabled as previously described.
267
5 Special applications
5 Special applications
Setting of parameters
ON
All the parameters for the functioning of ATS010 can be simply adjusted through
dip-switches or trimmers.
OFF
220V
230V
2
1
ON
240V
277V
ON
1SDC008052F0001
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
3
2
1
OFF
380V
2
1
ON
3
2
1
OFF
400V
ON
2
1
347V
OFF
OFF
Note: Voltages higher than 500 V can be reached by using VTs (voltage
transformers); in this case the setting of the voltage value shall consider the
transformation ratio.
ON
4
415V
2
1
3
2
1
The figure below shows all the possible voltage values which can be set by the
dip-switches from 1 to 4.
ON
ON
100V
OFF
ON
115V
2
1
OFF
440V
OFF
4
3
480V
2
1
4
3
2
1
1
ON
OFF
4
ON
120V
4
3
2
1
OFF
ON
208V
OFF
500V
4
3
3
2
1
2
1
268
269
5 Special applications
Overvoltage threshold
Delay time from N-Line return to Gen set stop command. It is used when the
Generator needs a cooling time after the disconnection of the load (opening of
the E-Line circuit-breaker).
1SDC008056F0001
5 Special applications
1SDC008053F0001
1SDC008057F0001
Delay time necessary for N-Line voltage to establish, before inverse switching
procedure is started.
T5 = 0 32 s CB-E CLOSE
Delay time for E-Line CB closing command, after the generator voltage presence
signal is ON. This delay allows the E-Line voltage to establish before transfer
switching is started.
1SDC008054F0001
1SDC008058F0001
T2 = 0 32 s GEN-SET START
1SDC008055F0001
Delay time from net anomaly detection to Gen set start command. It is used to
prevent from transfer switching in case of short voltage dips.
270
271
6 Switchboards
5 Special applications
Check on the plant and on the circuit-breakers
References Standards
EN 50178 (1997): Electronic equipment for use in power installations
Compliance with Low Voltage Directive (LVD) no. 73/23/EEC and
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC) no. 89/336/EEC.
Electromagnetic compatibility: EN 50081-2, EN 50082-2
Environmental conditions: IEC 60068-2-1, IEC 60068-2-2, IEC 60068-2-3.
24 Vdc 20%
48 Vdc 10%
(maximum ripple 5%)
5 W @ 24 Vdc
10 W @ 48 Vdc
1,8 W @ 24 Vdc
4,5 W @ 48 Vdc
-25 C+70 C
90 % without condensation
-20 C..+80 C
IP54 (front panel)
144 x 144 x 85
0,8
Up to 250 Vac
From 48 Vdc to 110 Vdc
Up to 250 Vac
From 24 Vdc to 110 Vdc
272
273
6 Switchboards
6 Switchboards
By partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA), it is meant a low voltage and
controlgear assembly, tested only with a part of the type-tests; some tests may
be substituted by extrapolation which are calculations based on experimental
results obtained from assemblies which have passed the type-tests. Verifications
through simplified measurements or calculations, allowed as an alternative to
type tests, concern heating, short circuit withstand and insulation.
Standard IEC 60439-1 states that some steps of assembly may take place
outside the factory of the manufacturer, provided the assembly is performed in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
The installer may use commercial assembly kits to realize a suitable switchboard
configuration.
The same Standard specifies a division of responsibility between the
manufacturer and the assembler in Table 7: List of verifications and tests to be
performed on TTA and PTTA in which the type-tests and individual tests to be
carried out on the assembly are detailed.
The type-tests verify the compliance of the prototype with the requirements of
the Standard, and are generally under the responsibility of the manufacturer,
who must also supply instructions for the production and assembly of the
switchboard. The assembler has responsibility for the selection and assembly
of components in accordance with the instructions supplied and must confirm
compliance with the Standards through the previously stated checks in the
case of switchboards that deviate from a tested prototype. Routine tests must
also be carried out on every example produced.
274
Subclauses
TTA
8.2.1 Verification of temperature-rise
limits by test
(type test)
8.2.2 Verification of dielectric
properties by test
(type test)
Dielectric properties
Short-circuit withstand
strength
8.2.3
Effectiveness of the
protective circuit
8.2.4
The distinction between TTA and PTTA switchgear and controlgear assemblies
has no relevance to the declaration of conformity with Standard IEC 60439-1,
in so far as the switchboard must comply with this Standard.
Characteristics
to be checked
Temperature-rise limits
PTTA
Verification of temperature-rise limits
by test or extrapolation
Verification of dielectric properties by
test according to 8.2.2 or 8.3.2, or
verification of insulation resistance
according to 8.3.4
(see Nos. 9 and 11)
Verification of the short-circuit
withstand strength by test or by
extrapolation from similar type-tested
arrangements
Effective connection
between the exposed
conductive parts of the
ASSEMBLY and the
protective circuit
Short-circuit withstand
strength of the
protective circuit
Clearances and
creepage distances
8.2.5
Mechanical operation
8.2.6
Degree of protection
8.2.7
Wiring, electrical
operation
8.3.1
Insulation
8.3.2
10
Protective measures
8.3.3
10
Insulation resistance
8.3.4
Verification of the
clearances and creepage
distances (type test)
Verification of mechanical
operation (type test)
Verification of the degree
of protection (type test)
Inspection of the ASSEMBLY
including inspection of
wiring and, if necessary,
electrical operation test
(routine test)
Dielectric test
(routine test)
Checking of protective
measures and of the
electrical continuity of the
protective circuits (routine test)
275
6 Switchboards
6 Switchboards
Degrees of protection
Numerials
or letters
IP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Second
characteristic
numeral
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Against access to
hazardous parts with
(non-protected)
50 mm diameter
12.5 mm diameter
2.5 mm diameter
1.0 mm diameter
dust-protected
dust-tight
Against ingress of water
with harmful effects
(non-protected)
back of hand
finger
tool
wire
wire
wire
Cl.6
Main criteria
A
B
C
D
Cl.7
back of hand
finger
tool
wire
Supplemetary information
specific to:
Cl.8
Subcriteria
No separation
Against access to
hazardous parts with
A
B
C
D
Cl.5
(non-protected)
vertically dripping
dripping (15 tilted)
spraying
splashing
jetting
powerful jetting
temporary immersion
continuous immersion
Additional letter
(optional)
Supplementary
letter (optional
Ref.
276
Form
Form 1
Form 2a
Form 2b
Form 3a
Form 3b
Form 4a
Form 4b
277
6 Switchboards
6 Switchboards
Simbols
Form 1
(no internal segregation)
Form 3
(separation of the busbars from
the functional units + separation
of the functional units from each
other)
Form 4
((separation of the busbars from
the functional units + separation
of the functional units from each
other + separation of the
terminals from each other)
Form 2a
Terminals not separated from
the busbars
Form 3a
Terminals not separated from
the busbars
Form 4a
Terminals in the same
compartment as the associated
functional unit.
- Desk-type assembly
Used for the control of machinery or complex systems in the mechanical, iron
and steel, and chemical industries.
- Box-type assembly
Characterized by wall mounting, either mounted on a wall or flush-fitting;
these switchboards are generally used for distribution at department or zone
level in industrial environments and in the tertiary sector.
Form 2b
Terminals separated from the
busbars
Form 3b
Terminals separated from the
busbars
Form 4b
Terminals in the same
compartment as the associated
functional unit.
Caption
a Housing
b Internal segregation
c Functional units including the terminals for the associated
external conductorsi
d Busbars, including the distribution busbars
Classification
Different classifications of electrical switchboard exist, depending on a range of
factors.
Based on construction type, Standard IEC 60439-1 firstly distinguishes between
open and enclosed assemblies.
A switchboard is enclosed when it comprises protective panels on all sides,
providing a degree of protection against direct contact of at least IPXXB.
Switchboards used in normal environments must be enclosed.
Open switchboards, with or without front covering, which have the live parts
accessible. These switchboards may only be used in electrical plants.
With regard to external design, switchboards are divided into the following
categories:
- Cubicle-type assembly
Used for large scale control and distribution equipment; multi-cubicle-type
assembly can be obtained by placing cubicles side by side.
- Multi-box-type assembly
Each box, generally protected and flanged, contains a functional unit which
may be an automatic circuit-breaker, a starter, a socket complete with locking
switch or circuit-breaker.
1SDC008039F0201
Form 2
(segregation of the busbars
from the functional units)
278
With regard to the intended function, switchboards may be divided into the
following types:
- Main distribution boards
Main distribution boards are generally installed immediately downstream of
MV/LV transformers, or of generators; they are also termed power centres.
Main distribution boards comprise one or more incoming units, busbar
connectors, and a relatively smaller number of output units.
- Secondary distribution boards
Secondary distribution boards include a wide range of switchboards for the
distribution of power, and are equipped with a single input unit and numerous
output units.
- Motor operation boards
Motor control boards are designed for the control and centralised protection
of motors: therefore they comprise the relative coordinated devices for
operation and protection, and auxiliary control and signalling devices.
- Control, measurement and protection boards
Control, measurement and protection boards generally consist of desks
containing mainly equipment for the control, monitoring and measurement of
industrial processes and systems.
- Machine-side boards
Machine-side boards are functionally similar to the above; their role is to provide
an interface between the machine with the power supply and the operator.
- Assemblies for construction sites (ASC)
Assemblies for construction sites may be of different sizes, from a simple
plug and socket assembly to true distribution boards with enclosures of metal
or insulating material. They are generally mobile or, in any case, transportable.
279
6 Switchboards
6 Switchboards
Method of temperature rise assessment by
extrapolation for partially tested assemblies (PTTA)
280
MNS systems are suitable for applications in all fields concerning the generation,
distribution and use of electrical energy; e. g., they can be used as:
- main and sub-distribution boards;
- motor power supply of MCCs (Motor Control Centres);
- automation switchboards.
The MNS system is a framework construction with maintenance-free bolted
connections which can be equipped as required with standardized components
and can be adapted to any application. The consistent application of the modular principle both in electrical and mechanical design permits optional selection
of the structural design, interior arrangement and degree of protection according
to the operating and environmental conditions.
The design and material used for the MNS system largely prevent the occurrence
of electric arcs, or provide for arc extinguishing within a short time. The MNS
System complies with the requirements laid down in VDE0660 Part 500 as well
as IEC 61641 and has furthermore been subjected to extensive accidental arc
tests by an independent institute.
The MNS system offers the user many alternative solutions and notable
advantages in comparison with conventional-type installations:
- compact, space-saving design;
- back-to-back arrangement;
- optimized energy distribution in the cubicles;
- easy project and detail engineering through standardized components;
- comprehensive range of standardized modules;
- various design levels depending on operating and environmental conditions;
- easy combination of the different equipment systems, such as fixed and
withdrawable modules in a single cubicle;
- possibility of arc-proof design (standard design with fixed module design);
- possibility of earthquake-, vibration- and shock-proof design;
- easy assembly without special tools;
- easy conversion and retrofit;
- largely maintenance-free;
- high operational reliability;
- high safety for human beings.
The basic elements of the frame are C-sections with holes at 25 mm intervals in
compliance with Standard DIN 43660. All frame parts are secured maintenancefree with tapping screws or ESLOK screws. Based on the basic grid size of 25
mm, frames can be constructed for the various cubicle types without any special
tools. Single or multi-cubicle switchgear assemblies for front or front and rear
operations are possible.
Different designs are available, depending on the enclosure required:
- single equipment compartment door;
- double equipment compartment door;
- equipment and cable compartment door;
- module doors and/or withdrawable module covers and cable compartment door.
The bottom side of the cubicle can be provided with floor plates. With the aid of
flanged plates, cable ducts can be provided to suit all requirements. Doors and
cladding can be provided with one or more ventilation opening, roof plates can
be provided with metallic grid (IP 30 IP40) or with ventilation chimney (IP 40, 41, 42).
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
281
6 Switchboards
6 Switchboards
282
ArTu M series consists of a modular range of monoblock switchboards for wallmounted (with depths of 150 and 200 mm with IP65 degree of protection) or
floor-mounted (with depth of 250 mm and IP31 or IP65 degrees of protection)
installations, in which it is possible to mount System pro M modular devices
and Tmax T1-T2-T3 moulded-case circuit-breakers on a DIN rail. The possibility
of installing S3 circuit-breakers (200 mm depth) is foreseen only in the wallmounted M versions, whereas ArTu M series of floor-mounted switchboards
can be equipped with S3S6 circuit-breakers, together with the Tmax series.
ArTu K series
ArTu K series consists of a range of modular switchboard kits for floor-mounted
installation with four different depths (250, 350, 600 and 800 mm) and with
degree of protection IP31 (without front door), IP41 (with front door and ventilated
side panels) or IP65 (with front door and blind side panels), in which it is possible
to mount System pro M modular devices, the whole range of moulded-case
circuitbreakers Tmax and Isomax, and Emax circuit-breakers E1, E2 and E3.
ArTu switchboards have three functional widths:
- 400 mm, for the installation of moulded-case circuit-breakers up to 400 A (S5);
- 600 mm, which is the basic dimension for the installation of all the apparatus;
- 800 mm, for the creation of the side cable container within the structure of
the floor-mounted switchboard or for the use of panels with the same width.
The available internal space varies in height from 600 mm (wall-mounted L
series) to 2000 mm (floor-mounted M series and K series), thus offering a possible
solution for the most varied application requirements.
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
283
Side
Definition of the current carrying capacity, impedance and voltage drop of cables.
Side
Calculation of the short-circuit current for three-phase fault on the load side of
a cable line with known cross section and length.
In addition, a diagram for the calculation of the short-circuit current on the load
side of elements with known impedance.
1SDC008059F0001
These two-sided slide rules are available in four different colors, easily identified
by subject:
- yellow slide rule: cable sizing;
- orange slide rule: cable verification and protection;
- green slide rule: protection coordination;
- blue slide rule: motor and transformer protection.
ABB also offers a slide rule for contactor choice.
284
285
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Side
Verification of cable protection against indirect contact and short-circuit with
ABB SACE MCCBs (moulded-case circuit-breakers).
Side
Selection of the circuit-breakers when back-up protection is provided.
Side
Definition of the discrimination limit current for the combination of two circuitbreakers in series.
286
1SDC008061F0001
1SDC008060F0001
Side
Verification of cable protection against indirect contact and short-circuit with
ABB MCBs (modular circuit-breakers).
287
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Side
Selection and coordination of the protection devices for the motor starter, DOL
start-up (coordination type 2 in compliance with the Standard IEC 60947-4-1).
This slide rule allows a quick selection of the contactor suitable for the plant
requirements.
In particular, according to the selected contactor, the slide rule can determine:
- the device for protection against short-circuit;
- rated operational current, power loss and maximum number of operations for
resistive load switching (category AC-1);
- thermal release and number of operations for motor switching in utilization
categories AC-3 and AC-4;
- number of incandescent lamps (category AC-5b) to be switched;
- maximum power and maximum peak current of the transformer (category
AC-6a) to be switched;
- maximum power and maximum peak current of the capacitor bank (category
AC-6b) to be switched;
- characteristic data, such as rated voltage and rated impulse withstand voltage,
controlled frequency range, coil consumption (holding and pull-in values), etc.;
- Y/ and DOL coordination with fuses and circuit-breakers.
288
1SDC008063F0001
1SDC008062F0001
Side
Sizing of a transformer feeder.
In addition, a diagram for the calculation of the short-circuit current on the load
side of transformers with known rated power.
289
A.2 DOCWin
Supplies
There are no pre-defined limits: the software manages MV and LV power
supplies and generators, MV/LV and LV/LV transformers, with two or three
windings, with or without voltage regulator, according to the requirements.
Network calculation
Load Flow calculation using the Newton-Raphson method. The software can
manage networks with multiple slacks and unbalances due to single- or twophase loads. Magnitude and phase shift of the node voltage and of the branch
current are completely defined for each point of the network, for both MV as
well as LV.
Calculation of the active and reactive power required by each single power
source.
ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
290
291
A.2 DOCWin
A.2 DOCWIN
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Printouts
Single-line diagram, curves and reports of the single components of the
network can be printed by any printer supported by the hardware
configuration.
All information can be exported in the most common formats of data exchange.
All print modes can be customized.
Discrimination and back-up verification also through quick access to
coordination tables.
292
293
The calculation method suggested in the Standard IEC 60890 makes it possible
to evaluate the temperature rise inside an assembly (PTTA); this method is
applicable only if the following conditions are met:
there is an approximately even distribution of power losses inside the enclosure;
the installed equipment is arranged in a way that air circulation is only slightly
impeded;
the equipment installed is designed for direct current or alternating current up
to and including 60 Hz with the total of supply currents not exceeding 3150 A;
conductors carrying high currents and structural parts are arranged in a way
that eddy-current losses are negligible;
for enclosures with ventilating openings, the cross-section of the air outlet
openings is at least 1.1 times the cross-section of the air inlet openings;
there are no more than three horizontal partitions in the PTTA or a section of it;
where enclosures with external ventilation openings have compartments, the
surface of the ventilation openings in each horizontal partition shall be at least
50% of the horizontal cross section of the compartment.
operating current
power losses 2)
55 C
power losses 2)
35 C
operating current
55 C
power losses 2)
35 C
operating current
55 C
power losses 2)
35 C
operating current
(1)
power losses 2)
( II )
operating current
P = Pn
power losses 2)
For equipment and conductors not fully loaded, it is possible to evaluate the
power loss as:
1)
operating current
Crosssection
(Cu)
mm 2
W/m
W/m
W/m
W/m
W/m
W/m
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
12
17
22
28
38
52
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.7
8
11
14
18
25
34
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.6
12
20
25
32
48
64
85
104
130
161
192
226
275
295
347
400
2.1
3.5
3.4
3.7
4.8
5.6
6.3
7.5
7.9
8.4
8.7
9.6
11.7
10.9
12.0
13.2
8
12
18
23
31
42
55
67
85
105
125
147
167
191
225
260
0.9
1.3
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.6
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.6
12
20
25
32
50
65
85
115
150
175
225
250
275
350
400
460
2.1
3.5
3.4
3.7
5.2
5.8
6.3
7.9
10.5
9.9
11.9
11.7
11.7
15.4
15.9
17.5
8
12
20
25
32
50
65
85
115
149
175
210
239
273
322
371
0.9
1.3
2.2
2.3
2.1
3.4
3.7
5.0
6.2
7.2
7.2
8.3
8.8
9.4
10.3
11.4
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.6
4.4
4.7
6.4
8.2
9.3
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.9
3.1
4.2
5.4
6.1
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
Diam.
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.0
-
1SDC008040F0201
where:
P is the actual power loss;
Pn is the rated power loss (at Ir);
I is the actual current;
Ir is the rated current.
1) Any arrangement desired with the values specified referring to six cores in a multi-core bundle with a
simultaneous load 100%
2) single length
294
295
177
206
274
256
338
485
800
568
652
1028
811
1251
964
1465
1116
1668
1407
2047
1678
2406
2774
14.7
16.0
18.8
18.5
21.4
26.5
36.8
29.5
32.3
41.4
38.5
47.3
44.1
54.8
50.1
62.0
61.9
73.8
72.9
84.4
99.6
10.4
11.6
12.3
12.3
14.7
16.0
19.5
18.1
20.4
23.9
24.9
28.0
29.4
32.7
34.4
36.9
42.9
45.3
52.5
54.6
61.6
177
206
274
258
338
487
807
572
656
1048
586
1310
989
1562
1154
1814
1484
1756
1756
2803
3288
mm x mm
mm 2
A*
W/m
A**
W/m
A*
W/m
A**
W/m
12 x 2
15 x 2
15 x 3
20 x 2
20 x 3
20 x 5
20 x 10
25 x 5
30 x 5
30 x 10
40 x 5
40 x 10
50 x 5
50 x 10
60 x 5
60 x 10
80 x 5
80 x 10
100 x 5
100 x 10
120 x 10
23.5
29.5
44.5
39.5
59.5
99.1
199
124
149
299
199
399
249
499
299
599
399
799
499
999
1200
82
96
124
115
152
218
348
253
288
482
348
648
413
805
492
960
648
1256
805
1560
1848
5.9
6.4
7.1
6.9
8.0
9.9
12.8
10.7
11.6
17.2
12.8
22.7
14.7
28.5
17.2
34.1
22.7
45.8
29.2
58.4
68.3
130
150
202
184
249
348
648
413
492
960
648
1245
805
1560
960
1848
1256
2432
1560
2680
2928
7.4
7.8
9.5
8.9
10.8
12.7
22.3
14.2
16.9
32.7
22.3
41.9
27.9
53.5
32.7
63.2
42.6
85.8
54.8
86.2
85.7
69
88
102
93
125
174
284
204
233
402
284
532
338
660
402
780
532
1032
660
1280
1524
4.2
5.4
4.8
4.5
5.4
6.3
8.6
7.0
7.6
11.5
8.6
15.3
9.8
19.2
11.5
22.5
15.3
30.9
19.6
39.3
46.5
105
124
162
172
198
284
532
338
402
780
532
1032
655
1280
780
1524
1032
1920
1280
2180
2400
4.9
5.4
6.1
7.7
6.8
8.4
15.0
9.5
11.3
21.6
15.0
28.8
18,5
36.0
21.6
43.0
28.8
53.5
36.9
57.0
57.6
power losses 1)
operating current
power losses 1)
power losses 1)
10.4
11.6
12.3
13.9
14.7
16.0
19.6
18.1
20.5
27.7
25.0
28.1
29.7
32.3
34.1
36.4
42.9
45.3
53.3
54.0
61.5
operating current
power losses 1)
14.7
16.0
18.8
18.8
21.4
26.7
37.0
29.5
32.3
41.5
38.5
48.1
44.3
55.3
50.3
62.7
61.8
74.8
69.8
90.4
101.0
1) single length
296
50 Hz to 60 Hz ac and dc
operating current
27.5
29.9
35.2
35.4
40.2
50.3
69.6
55.6
60.7
77.8
72.3
90.5
83.4
103.8
94.6
117.8
116.1
140.4
121.2
169.9
189.9
50 Hz to 60 Hz ac and dc
power losses 1)
242
282
375
354
463
668
1107
78
899
1436
1128
1796
1357
2141
1583
2487
2035
3165
2407
3844
4509
dc and ac to 16 2/3 Hz
operating current
19.5
21.7
23.1
26.1
27.6
29.9
36.7
34.1
38.2
44.8
47.0
52.6
55.4
61.4
64.7
69.5
80.8
85.1
98.7
102.6
115.9
operating current
power losses 1)
operating current
power losses 1)
power losses 1)
27.5
29.9
35.2
34.8
40.2
49.8
69.2
55.4
60.6
77.9
72.5
88.9
82.9
102.9
94.2
116.2
116.4
138.7
137.0
164.2
187.3
1) single length
297
1SDC008042F0201
242
282
375
351
463
665
1097
779
894
1410
1112
1716
1322
2008
1530
2288
1929
2806
2301
3298
3804
Crosssection
(Cu)
operating current
19.5
21.7
23.1
26.1
27.6
29.9
36.9
34.1
38.4
44.4
47.0
52.7
55.7
60.9
64.1
68.5
80.7
85.0
100.1
101.7
115.5
operating current
power losses 1)
power losses 1)
50 Hz to 60 Hz ac
dc and ac to 16 2/3 Hz
operating current
50 Hz to 60 Hz ac
operating current
power losses 1)
Width
x
Thickness
power losses 1)
23.5
29.5
44.5
39.5
59.5
99.1
199
124
149
299
199
399
249
499
299
599
399
799
499
999
1200
operating current
mm 2
12 x 2
15 x 2
15 x 3
20 x 2
20 x 3
20 x 5
20 x 10
25 x 5
30 x 5
30 x 10
40 x 5
40 x 10
50 x 5
50 x 10
60 x 5
60 x 10
80 x 5
80 x 10
100 x 5
100 x 10
120 x 10
1SDC008041F0201
mm x mm
operating current
Width
Crossx
section
Thickness (Cu)
The following diagram shows the procedure to evaluate the temperature rise.
Fictitious side faces of sections which have been introduced only for calculation purposes
are not taken into account
START
Ae = (Ao . b)
b (Tab.4)
h1.35
Ab
yes
yes
c (Tab.10)
with
ventilation openings?
d (Tab.6)
k (Tab.9)
k (Tab.7)
x = 0.715
x = 0.804
t1
g=
Factor d
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
c . t0.5
h
w
k (Tab.11)
x = 0.804
Factor d
1
1.05
1.15
1.3
c (Tab.8)
d . k . Px
c (Tab.12)
t0.75 = t1 = c .t0.5
h1.35
Ab
no
d (Tab.5)
t0.5
no
1SDC008043F0201
f=
t0.5 = k . Px
298
Ae [m2]
1.25
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
k
0.524
0.45
0.35
0.275
0.225
0.2
0.185
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
Ae [m2]
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
k
0.135
0.13
0.125
0.12
0.115
0.11
0.105
0.1
0.095
0.09
0.085
299
Table 9: Enclosure constant k for enclosures with ventilation openings and an effective
cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2
Ventilation
opening
in cm2
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
h1.35
Ab
0.6
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
1
1.225
1.24
1.265
1.285
1.31
1.325
1.35
1.37
1.395
1.415
1.435
1.45
1.47
1.48
1.495
1.51
1.52
1.535
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.575
1.585
1.59
1.6
Type of installation
2
3
4
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.225
1.21
1.185
1.245
1.23
1.21
1.27
1.25
1.23
1.29
1.275
1.25
1.31
1.295
1.27
1.33
1.315
1.29
1.355
1.34
1.32
1.375
1.36
1.34
1.395
1.38
1.36
1.415
1.4
1.38
1.435
1.42
1.395
1.45
1.435
1.41
1.47
1.45
1.43
1.48
1.465
1.44
1.49
1.475
1.455
1.505
1.49
1.47
1.52
1.5
1.48
1.53
1.515
1.49
1.54
1.52
1.5
1.55
1.535
1.51
1.565
1.549
1.52
1.57
1.55
1.525
1.58
1.56
1.535
1.585
1.57
1.54
5
1.113
1.14
1.17
1.19
1.21
1.23
1.255
1.275
1.295
1.32
1.34
1.355
1.37
1.39
1.4
1.415
1.43
1.44
1.455
1.47
1.475
1.485
1.49
1.5
1.51
1.5
0.33
0.27
0.227
0.196
0.175
0.157
0.141
0.129
0.119
0.11
0.102
0.095
0.09
0.085
2
0.3
0.25
0.21
0.184
0.165
0.148
0.135
0.121
0.111
0.104
0.097
0.09
0.086
0.08
2.5
0.28
0.233
0.198
0.174
0.155
0.14
0.128
0.117
0.108
0.1
0.093
0.088
0.083
0.078
3
0.26
0.22
0.187
0.164
0.147
0.133
0.121
0.11
0.103
0.096
0.09
0.085
0.08
0.076
4
0.24
0.203
0.173
0.152
0.138
0.125
0.115
0.106
0.099
0.092
0.087
0.082
0.077
0.074
Ae [m2]
5
0.22
0.187
0.16
0.143
0.13
0.118
0.109
0.1
0.094
0.088
0.083
0.079
0.075
0.072
6
0.208
0.175
0.15
0.135
0.121
0.115
0.103
0.096
0.09
0.085
0.08
0.076
0.072
0.07
7
0.194
0.165
0.143
0.127
0.116
0.106
0.098
0.091
0.086
0.082
0.078
0.073
0.07
0.068
8
0.18
0.153
0.135
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.093
0.088
0.083
0.078
0.075
0.07
0.068
0.066
10
0.165
0.14
0.123
0.11
0.1
0.093
0.087
0.081
0.078
0.073
0.07
0.067
0.065
0.064
12
0.145
0.128
0.114
0.103
0.095
0.088
0.082
0.078
0.074
0.07
0.068
0.065
0.063
0.062
14
0.135
0.119
0.107
0.097
0.09
0.084
0.079
0.075
0.07
0.067
0.065
0.063
0.061
0.06
Table 10: Temperature distribution factor c for enclosures with ventilation openings and
an effective cooling surface Ae > 1.25 m2
where h is the height of the enclosure, and Ab is the area of the base.
For Type of installation:
Type of installation n
1 Separate enclosure, detached on all sides
2 First or last enclosure, detached type
Separate enclosure for wall-mounting
3
1SDC008069F0001
1
0.36
0.293
0.247
0.213
0.19
0.17
0.152
0.138
0.126
0.116
0.107
0.1
0.094
0.089
300
Ventilation
opening
in cm2
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
f=
h1.35
Ab
1.5
1.3
1.41
1.5
1.56
1.61
1.65
1.68
1.71
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.8
1.81
1.83
2
1.35
1.46
1.55
1.61
1.65
1.69
1.72
1.75
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.83
1.85
1.87
3
1.43
1.55
1.63
1.67
1.73
1.75
1.78
1.81
1.83
1.85
1.88
1.88
1.9
1.92
4
1.5
1.62
1.69
1.75
1.78
1.82
1.85
1.87
1.88
1.9
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
5
1.57
1.68
1.75
1.8
1.84
1.86
1.9
1.92
1.94
1.95
1.97
1.98
1.99
2
6
1.63
1.74
1.8
1.85
1.88
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.97
1.99
2.01
2.02
2.04
2.05
7
1.68
1.79
1.85
1.9
1.93
1.96
1.97
2
2.02
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
8
1.74
1.84
1.9
1.94
1.97
2
2.02
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.1
2.12
9
1.78
1.88
1.94
1.97
2.01
2.03
2.05
2.07
2.08
2.1
2.11
2.12
2.14
2.15
10
1.83
1.92
1.97
2.01
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.1
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.17
2.18
301
Ae [m2]
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
k
3.973
3.643
3.371
2.5
2.022
1.716
1.5
1.339
1.213
1.113
1.029
0.960
0.9
Ae [m2]
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
k
0.848
0.803
0.764
0.728
0.696
0.668
0.641
0.618
0.596
0.576
0.557
0.540
0.524
c
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.078
1.097
1.118
1.137
1.156
1.174
1.188
1.2
1.21
1.22
1.226
g
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
c
1.231
1.237
1.24
1.244
1.246
1.249
1.251
1.253
1.254
1.255
1.256
1.257
1.258
1.259
T1 1P
F
T1
F
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.6
3.7
4.3
4.8
7.0
10.7
15
4.5
5.4
6.0
6.3
7.8
11.1
12.9
14.4
21.0
32.1
45.0
T2
T3
F
4.5
6.3
7.5
7.8
8.7
7.8
8.7
10.5
8.1
9.3
3.3
4.2
5.1
6.9
8.1
11.7
12.9
15.3
18.3
25.5
36.0
51.0
P
5.1
7.5
8.7
9.0
10.2
9.0
10.5
12.3
9.6
10.8
3.9
4.8
6.0
8.4
9.6
13.8
15.0
18.0
21.6
30.0
44.1
60.0
1.5
3.0
10.5
24.0
51.0
1.8
3.6
12.0
27.6
60.0
12.9
14.4
16.8
19.8
23.7
39.6
53.4
15.3
17.4
20.4
23.7
28.5
47.4
64.2
where g is the ratio of the height and the width of the enclosure.
302
303
F
12
16
18
21
20
30
36
50
S3
P-W
13
18
21
25
26
40
46
65
S3X
F P-W
7.9 9.7
12.3 15.2
19.7 24.2
24.6 30.3
30.8 37.8
30.7 37.2
48 58
S4
P-W
S4X
P-W
S5
P-W
60
65
120
S6
F
8
22
55
S6X
W
S7
F
S8
F
90
96
150
92
93
5
15
40
117
119
9.6 12
24.6 30.7
60 75
45
60
170
65
90
200
90
96
E1B-N
F
W
6
9
16
24
65
95
96
147
150
230
E2B-N
F
W
3
5
7
13
29
54
45
84
70
130
115
215
180
330
E2L
F
W
4
7
11
17
43
68
67
106
105
165
170
265
E3N-S-H
F
W
2
4
6
9
25
38
38
59
60
90
85
150
130
225
205
350
330
570
E3L
F
W
3
5
9
13
34
53
54
83
84
129
138
211
215
330
335
515
E4S-H
F
W
92
166
235
360
425
660
E6H-V
F
W
170
265
415
650
290
445
700
1100
Example
Single separate enclosure for wallmounting, without ventilation openings
and with one internal horizontal
partition.
80.4 101
115 126.6 151.6
125
102
160
260
Data:
Enclosure height: 2200 mm
Enclosure width: 1000 mm
Enclosure depth: 600 mm
140
220
360
200
315
500
Installed equipment:
E1B1250, In1250 (withdrawable)
S5N400, In400 (withdrawable)
S5N400, In320 (fixed)
T3N250, R250 (fixed)
T2N160, In100 (fixed)
Total conductor power loss = 200 W
T3
S5
T2
40
S5
H
2200 mm
32
0
E1
B
W
1000 mm
1SDC008044F0201
D
600 mm
304
305
230 .
( 1070
) = 168.5
1250
2
Top
Front
Rear
Left-hand side
Right-hand side
Dimensions (mxm)
1x0.6
2.2x1
2.2x1
2.2x0.6
2.2x0.6
Ao (m2)
0.6
2.2
2.2
1.32
1.32
b factor
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.9
0.9
Ae = (Ao . b)
Ao x b (m2)
0.84
1.98
1.1
1.188
1.188
6.296
For the evaluation of the temperature rise at the top of the enclosure, it is
necessary to determine the c factor, using the f factor:
f=
h1.35
Ab
2.21.35
1 . 0.6
= 4.832
306
1SDC010001D0201
ABB SACE
Electrical devices
Index
Introduction .............................................................................................. 2
1 Standards
1.1 General aspects .............................................................................. 3
1.2 IEC Standards for electrical installation .......................................... 15
2 Protection of feeders
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 22
2.2 Installation and dimensioning of cables ......................................... 25
2.2.1 Current carrying capacity and methods of installation ........... 25
2.2.2 Voltage drop ........................................................................ 54
2.2.3 Joule-effect losses ............................................................... 64
2.3 Protection against overload ........................................................... 65
2.4 Protection against short-circuit ...................................................... 68
2.5 Neutral and protective conductors ................................................ 76
2.6 Busbar trunking systems ............................................................... 84
3 Protection of electrical equipment
3.1 Protection and switching of lighting circuits ................................... 99
3.2 Protection and switching of generators ....................................... 108
3.3 Protection and switching of motors ............................................. 113
3.4 Protection and switching of transformers .................................... 131
4 Power factor correction
4.1 General aspects .......................................................................... 146
4.2 Power factor correction method .................................................. 152
4.3 Circuit-breakers for the protection and
swiching of capacitor banks ........................................................ 159
5 Protection of human beings
5.1 General aspects: effects of current on human beings .................. 162
5.2 Distribution systems .................................................................... 165
5.3 Protection against both direct and indirect contact ...................... 168
5.4 TT system ................................................................................... 171
5.5 TN system .................................................................................. 174
5.6 IT system .................................................................................... 177
5.7 Residual current devices ............................................................. 179
5.8 Maximum protected length for the protection of human beings ... 182
Annex A: Calculation tools
A.1 Slide rules ............................................................................. 198
A.2 DOCWin ............................................................................... 204
Annex B: Calculation of load current Ib .............................................. 208
Annex C: Calculation of short-circuit current ................................... 212
Annex D: Calculation of the coefficient k for the cables .................. 226
Introduction
1 Standards
The scope of this electrical installation handbook is to provide the designer and
user of electrical plants with a quick reference, immediate-use working tool.
This is not intended to be a theoretical document, nor a technical catalogue,
but, in addition to the latter, aims to be of help in the correct definition of
equipment, in numerous practical installation situations.
The dimensioning of an electrical plant requires knowledge of different factors
relating to, for example, installation utilities, the electrical conductors and other
components; this knowledge leads the design engineer to consult numerous
documents and technical catalogues. This electrical installation handbook,
however, aims to supply, in a single document, tables for the quick definition of
the main parameters of the components of an electrical plant and for the selection
of the protection devices for a wide range of installations. Some application
examples are included to aid comprehension of the selection tables.
Juridical Standards
These are all the standards from which derive rules of behavior for the juridical
persons who are under the sovereignty of that State.
The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those who
are interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance technicians
through brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineers
through quick reference selection tables.
Validity of the electrical installation handbook
Some tables show approximate values due to the generalization of the selection
process, for example those regarding the constructional characteristics of
electrical machinery. In every case, where possible, correction factors are given
for actual conditions which may differ from the assumed ones. The tables are
always drawn up conservatively, in favour of safety; for more accurate
calculations, the use of DOCWin software is recommended for the dimensioning
of electrical installations.
Application fields
Electrotechnics and
Electronics
International Body
European Body
Telecommunications
Mechanics, Ergonomics
and Safety
IEC
ITU
ISO
CENELEC
ETSI
CEN
This technical collection takes into consideration only the bodies dealing with electrical and electronic
technologies.
1 Standards
1 Standards
The Low Voltage Directive refers to any electrical equipment designed for use
at a rated voltage from 50 to 1000 V for alternating current and from 75 to 1500 V for
direct current.
In particular, it is applicable to any apparatus used for production, conversion,
transmission, distribution and use of electrical power, such as machines,
transformers, devices, measuring instruments, protection devices and wiring
materials.
The following categories are outside the scope of this Directive:
electrical equipment for use in an explosive atmosphere;
electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes;
electrical parts for goods and passenger lifts;
electrical energy meters;
plugs and socket outlets for domestic use;
electric fence controllers;
radio-electrical interference;
specialized electrical equipment, for use on ships, aircraft or railways, which
complies with the safety provisions drawn up by international bodies in which
the Member States participate.
1 Standards
1 Standards
CE conformity marking
The manufacturer
draw up the technical
documentation
covering the design,
manufacture and
operation of the
product
The manufacturer
guarantees and declares
that his products are in
conformity to the technical
documentation and to the
directive requirements
The international and national marks of conformity are reported in the following
table, for information only:
COUNTRY
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
EUROPE
Symbol
AUSTRALIA
AS Mark
AUSTRALIA
S.A.A. Mark
Standards Association of
Australia (S.A.A.).
The Electricity Authority of New
South Wales Sydney Australia
AUSTRIA
ASDC008045F0201
Manufacturer
EC declaration of
conformity
It is always advisable to ask ABB SACE as regards the typologies and the
performances of the certified circuit-breakers or to consult the section certificates
in the website http://bol.it.abb.com.
Flow diagram for the conformity assessment procedures established by the Directive
73/23/EEC on electrical equipment designed for use within particular voltage range:
Technical file
RINA
DNV
BV
GL
LRs
ABS
OVE
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
1 Standards
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
COUNTRY
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
AUSTRIA
VE Identification
Thread
Cables
CROATIA
KONKAR
BELGIUM
CEBEC Mark
DENMARK
DEMKO
Approval Mark
BELGIUM
CEBEC Mark
FINLAND
Safety Mark
of the Elektriska
Inspektoratet
Certification of
Conformity
FRANCE
ESC Mark
Household appliances
BELGIUM
CSA Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
CCEE Mark
FRANCE
NF Identification
Thread
Cables
EZU Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
FRANCE
NF Mark
Household appliances
EVPU Mark
CANADA
CHINA
Symbol
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Republic
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
1 Standards
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
COUNTRY
VDE Mark
ITALY
VDE
Identification Thread
Symbol
Mark designation
IMQ Mark
NORWAY
Norwegian Approval
Mark
Applicability/Organization
Mark to be affixed on electrical
material for non-skilled users; it
certifies compliance with the
European Standard(s).
NETHERLANDS
KEMA-KEUR
KEUR
VDE-GS Mark
for technical
equipment
GERMANY
geprfte
Sicherheit
HUNGARY
POLAND
Electrical products
SINGAPORE
SIN
GAPO
SLOVENIA
IRELAND
IIRS Mark
Electrical equipment
SPAIN
FO
AR
M
CO N F
IIRS Mark
SPAIN
Electrical equipment
TY
MAR
MI
SIQ
R M I DA D A
AEE
Electrical products.
The mark is under the control of
the Asociacin Electrotcnica
Espaola(Spanish Electrotechnical
Association)
AENOR
Asociacin Espaola de
Normalizacin y Certificacin.
(Spanish Standarization and
Certification Association)
R MA S U N
OF
SISIR
NO
C A DE CON
JIS Mark
STA N D AR
PP
JAPAN
IRELAND
KWE
B
R O V ED T
MEEI
I . I. R . S .
10
11
UNITED
KINGDOM
SWITZERLAND
Safety Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
SWITZERLAND
U.S.A.
TO
B R IT I S
ND
TES
TI
Mark designation
Applicability/Organization
BSI
Safety Mark
BEAB
Kitemark
UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORIES
Mark
DENT LA B
OR
EN
AN I
EP
ET
SEMKO
Mark
AF
SWEDEN
Symbol
RY
COUNTRY
ATO
Applicability/Organization
A N D AR
ST
Mark designation
ROVED
Symbol
PP
COUNTRY
1 Standards
1 Standards
FO
R P U B L IC
L I S T E D
(Product Name)
(Control Number)
U.S.A.
UNDERWRITERS
LABORATORIES
Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
ASTA Mark
U.S.A.
UL Recognition
UNITED
KINGDOM
BASEC Mark
CEN
CEN Mark
UNITED
KINGDOM
BASEC
Identification Thread
Cables
CENELEC
Mark
Cables
UNITED
KINGDOM
BEAB
Safety Mark
CENELEC
Harmonization Mark
K
AR
M
C
ER
TI
FI
C
AT
IO
N
E
AD
TR
SWITZERLAND
12
13
1 Standards
COUNTRY
Symbol
1 Standards
Mark designation
EC
Ex EUROPEA Mark
CEEel
CEEel Mark
Applicability/Organization
Mark assuring the compliance
with the relevant European
Standards of the products to be
used in environments with
explosion hazards
Mark which is applicable to some
household appliances (shavers,
electric clocks, etc).
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60027-1
1992
IEC 60034-1
1999
IEC 60617-DB-12M
2001
IEC 61082-1
1991
IEC 61082-2
1993
IEC 61082-3
1993
IEC 61082-4
1996
IEC 60038
IEC 60664-1
1983
2000
IEC 60909-0
2001
IEC 60865-1
1993
IEC 60781
1989
IEC 60076-1
IEC 60076-2
2000
1993
IEC 60076-3
2000
IEC 60076-5
2000
IEC/TR 60616
1978
IEC 60726
IEC 60445
1982
1999
EC - Declaration of Conformity
The EC Declaration of Conformity is the statement of the manufacturer, who
declares under his own responsibility that all the equipment, procedures or
services refer and comply with specific standards (directives) or other normative
documents.
The EC Declaration of Conformity should contain the following information:
name and address of the manufacturer or by its European representative;
description of the product;
reference to the harmonized standards and directives involved;
any reference to the technical specifications of conformity;
the two last digits of the year of affixing of the CE marking;
identification of the signer.
A copy of the EC Declaration of Conformity shall be kept by the manufacturer
or by his representative together with the technical documentation.
14
15
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60073
1996
IEC 60947-5-6
1999
IEC 60446
1999
IEC 60947-6-1
1998
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5-6: Control circuit devices and
switching elements DC interface for
proximity sensors and switching
amplifiers (NAMUR)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment
Automatic transfer switching equipment
IEC 60447
1993
IEC 60947-6-2
1999
IEC 60947-1
2001
IEC 60947-2
2001
IEC 60947-7-1
1999
IEC 60947-3
2001
IEC 60947-7-2
1995
IEC 60439-1
1999
IEC 60439-2
2000
IEC 60439-3
2001
IEC 60439-4
1999
IEC 60439-5
1999
IEC 61095
2000
IEC 60947-4-1
2000
IEC 60947-4-2
2002
IEC 60947-4-3
1999
IEC 60947-5-1
2000
IEC 60947-5-2
1999
IEC 60947-5-3
1999
IEC 60947-5-4
IEC 60947-5-5
1996
1997
16
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment Control and protective switching devices
(or equipment) (CPS)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 1:
Terminal blocks
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 7: Ancillary equipment - Section 2:
Protective conductor terminal blocks for
copper conductors
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 1: Type-tested and
partially type-tested assemblies
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 2: Particular
requirements for busbar trunking systems
(busways)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies - Part 3: Particular
requirements for low-voltage switchgear
and controlgear assemblies intended to
be installed in places where unskilled
persons have access for their use Distribution boards
17
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60890
1987
IEC 61117
1992
IEC 60092-303
1980
IEC 60092-301
1980
IEC 60092-101
1994
IEC 60092-401
1980
IEC 60092-201
1994
IEC 60092-202
1994
IEC 60092-302
1997
IEC 60092-350
2001
IEC 60092-352
1997
IEC 60364-5-52
2001
IEC 60227
1998
1997
1997
1997
1998
2001
1995
IEC 60228
IEC 60245
1978
1998
1998
1994
STANDARD
18
YEAR
TITLE
1994
1994
1994
1998
IEC 60309-2
1999
IEC 61008-1
1996
IEC 61008-2-1
1990
IEC 61008-2-2
1990
IEC 61009-1
1996
IEC 61009-2-1
1991
IEC 61009-2-2
1991
IEC 60670
1989
IEC 60669-2-1
2000
IEC 60669-2-2
2000
IEC 606692-3
1997
19
1 Standards
1 Standards
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
STANDARD
YEAR
TITLE
IEC 60079-10
1995
IEC 61032
1997
IEC 61000-1-1
1992
IEC 60079-14
1996
IEC 61000-1-2
2001
IEC 60079-17
1996
IEC 60269-1
1998
IEC 61000-1-3
2002
IEC 60269-2
1986
IEC 60269-3-1
2000
IEC 60127-1/10
1999
1989
1988
1996
1988
1994
IEC 60730-2-7
2001
1990
IEC 60364-1
2001
IEC 60364-4
2001
IEC 60364-5
20012002
IEC 60364-6
2001
IEC 60364-7
19832002
IEC 60529
2001
20
21
2.1 Introduction
2 Protection of feeders
2.1 Introduction
2 Protection of feeders
operating conditions.
The following definitions regarding electrical installations are derived from the
Standard IEC 60050.
Characteristics of installations
Electrical installation (of a building) An assembly of associated electrical
equipment to fulfil a specific purpose and having coordinated characteristics.
Origin of an electrical installation The point at which electrical energy is
delivered to an installation.
Neutral conductor (symbol N) A conductor connected to the neutral point of
a system and capable of contributing to the transmission of electrical energy.
Wiring systems
Protective conductor PE A conductor required by some measures for
protection against electric shock for electrically connecting any of the following
parts:
- exposed conductive parts;
- extraneous conductive parts;
- main earthing terminal;
- earth electrode;
- earthed point of the source or artificial neutral.
PEN conductor An earthed conductor combining the functions of both
protective conductor and neutral conductor
Ambient temperature The temperature of the air or other medium where the
equipment is to be used.
Electrical circuits
Electrical Circuit (of an installation) An assembly of electrical equipment of
the installation supplied from the same origin and protected against overcurrents
by the same protective device(s).
Distribution circuit (of buildings) A circuit supplying a distribution board.
Final circuit (of building) A circuit connected directly to current using
equipment or to socket-outlets.
Other equipment
Voltages
Nominal voltage (of an installation) Voltage by which an installation or part of
an installation is designated.
Note: the actual voltage may differ from the nominal voltage by a quantity within
permitted tolerances.
Currents
Design current (of a circuit) The current intended to be carried by a circuit in
normal service.
Overcurrent Any current exceeding the rated value. For conductors, the rated
value is the current-carrying capacity.
22
23
2.1 Introduction
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Installation dimensioning
The flow chart below suggests the procedure to follow for the correct
dimensioning of a plant.
Load analysis:
- definition of the power absorbed by the loads and relevant position;
- definition of the position of the power distribution centers (switchboards);
- definition of the paths and calculation of the length of the connection elements;
- definition of the total power absorbed, taking into account the utilization factors
and demand factors.
Dimensioning of conductors:
- evaluation of the current (I b ) in the single connection elements;
- definition of the conductor type (conductors and insulation materials,
configuration,...);
- definition of the cross section and of the current carrying capacity;
- calculation of the voltage drop at the load current under specific reference
conditions (motor starting,).
insulation material (none, PVC, XLPE-EPR): the insulation material affects the
maximum temperature under normal and short-circuit conditions and therefore
the exploitation of the conductor cross section [see Chapter 2.4 Protection
against short-circuit].
the type of conductor (bare conductor, single-core cable without sheath, singlecore cable with sheath, multi-core cable) is selected according to mechanical
resistance, degree of insulation and difficulty of installation (bends, joints along
the route, barriers...) required by the method of installation.
- verification of the protection against overload: the rated current or the set current
of the circuit-breaker shall be higher than the load current, but lower than the
current carrying capacity of the conductor:
Ib In Iz
- verification of the protection against short-circuit: the specific let-through energy
by the circuit breaker under short-circuit conditions shall be lower than the specific
let-through energy which can be withstood by the cable:
negative
outcome
1SDC010001F0901
I2t k2S2
- verification of the protection against indirect contacts (depending on the
distribution system).
24
Conductors and
cables
Bare conductors
Insulated conductors
Sheathed cables
Multi-core
(including armoured and
mineral insulated)
Single-core
Method of installation
Cable trunking
(including skirting
Cable ladder
trunking, flush floor Cable
Without Clipped
On in- Support
Cable tray
ducting Cable brackets sulators wire
fixings direct Conduit
trunking)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Permitted.
Not permitted.
0 Not applicable, or not normally used in practice.
25
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
For industrial installations, multi-core cables are rarely used with cross section
greater than 95 mm2.
To define the current carrying capacity of the conductor and therefore to identify
the correct cross section for the load current, the standardized method of
installation that better suits the actual installation situation must be identified
among those described in the mentioned reference Standard.
From Tables 2 and 3 it is possible to identify the installation identification number,
the method of installation (A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G) and the tables to
define the theoretical current carrying capacity of the conductor and any
correction factors required to allow for particular environmental and installation
situations.
Situations
Building voids
Without
fixings
40, 46,
15, 16
56
Cable channel
Buried in
Ground
Embedded in
Structure
Surface
Mounted
72, 73
57, 58
Overhead
Item n.
Description
Room
A1
Room
A2
Room
A1
Methods of
installation
Method of installation
Cable trunking
(including skirting
Cable ladder
Support
Cable tray
trunking, flush floor Cable
With
On
fixings Conduit
trunking)
ducting Cable brackets insulators wire
30, 31,
0
0
15, 16
32, 33, 34
30, 31, 32,
44
56
54, 55
0
33, 34
0
70, 71
1, 2
59, 60
20, 21
4, 5
10, 11
70, 71
44, 45
6, 7, 8, 9
-
36
36
35
30, 31,
32, 33, 34
30, 31, 32,
33, 34
6
7
TV
TV
ISDN
ISDN
A1
13
14
B1 (13)
or
B2 (14)
20
21
B1
12
16
26
B2
B1 (8) or B2 (9)
15
B1
8
9
or
in
A1
or
in
A1
1SDC010001F0201
Methods of installation
Reference
method of
installation to be
used to
obtain currentcarrying
capacity
27
2 Protection of feeders
Methods of
installation
Item n.
2 Protection of feeders
Reference
method of
installation to be
used to
obtain currentcarrying
capacity
Description
Item n.
Description
Reference
method of
installation to be
used to
obtain currentcarrying
capacity
40
1.5 De V < 20 De
B2
V 20 De
B1
24
1.5 De V < 20 De
B2
V 20 De
B1
Methods of
installation
0.3 De
De
30
On unperforated tray
0.3 De
De
0.3 De
31
On perforated tray
1.5 De V < 5 De
E or F
V
44
0.3 De
B2
5 De V < 50 De
B1
0.3 De
1.5 De V < 5 D e
V
De
32
46
E or F
B2
5 De V < 50De
B1
0.3 De
34
On ladder
35
36
E or F or G
E or F
TV
TV
ISDN
ISDN
B1
51
B2
52
53
B1 (52)
or
B2 (53)
54
E or F
De
28
1.5 De V < 20 De
B2
V 20 De
B1
29
1SDC010002F0201
33
50
2 Protection of feeders
Methods of
installation
Item n.
Description
2 Protection of feeders
Reference
method of
installation to be
used to
obtain currentcarrying
capacity
where:
I0 is the current carrying capacity of the single conductor at 30 C reference
ambient temperature;
k1 is the correction factor if the ambient temperature is other than 30 C;
k2 is the correction factor for cables installed bunched or in layers or for
cables installed in a layer on several supports.
The cable carrying capacity of a cable that is not buried in the ground is obtained
by using this formula:
I z = I 0 k1k2 = I 0 ktot
55
B1
56
B1
57
58
59
B1
Correction factor k1
The current carrying capacity of the cables that are not buried in the ground
refers to 30 C ambient temperature. If the ambient temperature of the place
of installation is different from this reference temperature, the correction factor
k1 on Table 4 shall be used, according to the insulation material.
B2
70
71
72
73
1SDC010003F0201
60
Ambient
temperature (a)
C
10
15
20
25
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
PVC
1.22
1.17
1.12
1.06
0.94
0.87
0.79
0.71
0.61
0.50
(a)
30
Mineral (a)
PVC covered or
bare and exposed Bare not exposed
to touch 105 C
to touch 70 C
1.26
1.14
1.20
1.11
1.07
1.14
1.07
1.04
0.96
0.93
0.85
0.92
0.88
0.87
0.67
0.84
0.80
0.57
0.45
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.54
0.47
0.40
0.32
31
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Correction factor k2
The cable current carrying capacity is influenced by the presence of other cables
installed nearby. The heat dissipation of a single cable is different from that of
the same cable when installed next to the other ones. The factor k2 is tabled
according to the installation of cables laid close together in layers or bunches.
a)
b)
> 2 De2
a)
De2
1SDC010003F0001
De1
c)
b)
1SDC010002F0001
c)
< 30 cm
bunch: several circuits constituted by cables that are not spaced and are not
installed in a layer; several layers superimposed on a single support (e.g. tray)
are considered to be a bunch.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
32
33
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
The reduction factor for a group containing different cross sections of insulated
conductors or cables in conduits, cable trunking or cable ducting is:
k2 =
1
n
where:
k2 is the group reduction factor;
n is the number of circuits of the bunch.
The reduction factor obtained by this equation reduces the danger of overloading
of cables with a smaller cross section, but may lead to under utilization of
cables with a larger cross section. Such under utilization can be avoided if large
and small cables are not mixed in the same group.
Method of installation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12 16 20
1.00 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.38
Perforated
trays
0.98
0.91
0.87
0.96
0.87
0.81
0.95
0.85
0.78
0.96
0.86
0.95
0.84
32
1.00
0.97
0.96
33
0.98
0.93
0.89
0.97
0.90
0.86
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.96
0.92
0.86
1.00
0.91
0.89
1.00
0.90
0.86
31
(note 2)
Ladder
supports,
cleats, etc.
(note 2)
Three cables in
horizontal
formation
Touching
31
225 mm
(note 3)
To be used with
current-carrying
capacities,
reference
Use as a
multiplier to
rating for
20 mm
Perforated
trays
Three cables in
vertical
formation
Touching
34
Three cables in
horizontal
formation
20 mm
Methods A to F
2 D
2D
ee
31
D
Dee
(note 2)
No further
reduction
factor for more
than
nine circuits or
1.00 0.88 0.82 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.72
multicore cables
Number of three-phase
circuits (note 4)
Touching
Vertical
perforated
trays
20 mm
Method C
Spaced
Vertical
perforated
trays
2 D e
31
225 mm
Three cables in
trefoil formation
(note 3)
De
Methods E and F
NOTE 1 These factors are applicable to uniform groups of cables, equally loaded.
NOTE 2 Where horizontal clearances between adjacent cables exceeds twice their overall diameter, no reduction
factor need be applied.
NOTE 3 The same factors are applied to:
groups of two or three single-core cables;
multi-core cables.
NOTE 4 If a system consists of both two- and three-core cables, the total number of cables is taken as the number of
circuits, and the corresponding factor is applied to the tables for two loaded conductors for the two-core
cables, and to the tables for three loaded conductors for the three-core cables.
NOTE 5 If a group consists of n single-core cables it may either be considered as n/2 circuits of two loaded
conductors or n/3 circuits of three loaded conductors.
Ladder
supports,
cleats, etc.
32
1.00
1.00
1.00
33
0.97
0.95
0.93
(note 2)
34
0.96
0.94
0.90
2 D e
De
20 mm
NOTE 1 Factors are given for single layers of cables (or trefoil groups) as shown in the table and do not apply
when cables are installed in more than one layer touching each other. Values for such installations may be
significantly lower and must be determined by an appropriate method.
NOTE 2 Values are given for vertical spacings between trays of 300 mm. For closer spacing the factors should be
reduced.
NOTE 3 Values are given for horizontal spacing between trays of 225 mm with trays mounted back to back and at
least 20 mm between the tray and any wall. For closer spacing the factors should be reduced.
NOTE 4 For circuits having more than one cable in parallel per phase, each three phase set of conductors should
be considered as a circuit for the purpose of this table.
34
35
1SDC010004F0201
Arrangement
Item (cables touching)
Bunched in air, on a
1
surface, embedded or
enclosed
Single layer on wall,
2
floor or unperforated
tray
Single layer fixed
3
directly under a
wooden ceiling
Single layer on a
4
perforated horizontal or
vertical tray
Single layer on ladder
5
support or cleats etc.
Number of
trays
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
To summarize:
Number of cables
Number
of trays
1.00
0.88
0.82
0.79
0.76
0.73
1.00
0.87
0.80
0.77
0.73
0.68
1.00
0.86
0.79
0.76
0.71
0.66
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.95
0.91
1.00
0.99
0.96
0.92
0.87
1.00
0.98
0.95
0.91
0.85
1.00
0.88
0.82
0.78
0.73
0.72
1.00
0.88
0.81
0.76
0.71
0.70
Touching
Perforated
trays
20 mm
31
Spaced
(note 2)
De
20 mm
Touching
225 mm
Vertical
perforated
trays
I'b =
31
Spaced
Ib
I
= b
k1k2 k tot
(note 3)
225 mm
D
Dee
1.00
0.91
0.89
0.88
0.87
1.00
0.91
0.88
0.87
0.85
1.00
0.87
0.82
0.80
0.79
0.78
1.00
0,86
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.73
1.00
0.85
0.79
0.76
0.73
0.70
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
1.00
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.93
Touching
20 mm
Ladder
supports,
cleats, etc.
32
33
Spaced
(note 2)
34
DDee
20 mm
NOTE 2 Values are given for vertical spacings between trays of 300 mm and at least 20 mm between trays and wall.
For closer spacing the factors should be reduced.
NOTE 3 Values are given for horizontal spacing between trays of 225 mm with trays mounted back to back. For closer
spacing the factors should be reduced.
36
1SDC010005F0201
NOTE 1 Factors apply to single layer groups of cables as shown above and do not apply when cables are installed in
more than one layer touching each other. Values for such installations may be significantly lower and must be
determined by an appropriate method.
37
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Conductor
Insulation
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630
Loaded
conductors
A2
Cu
XLPE
EPR
PVC
19
26
35
45
61
81
106
131
158
200
241
278
318
362
424
486
17
23
31
40
54
73
95
117
141
179
216
249
285
324
380
435
Cu
Al
XLPE
EPR
2
14.5 13.5
19.5 18
26
24
34
31
46
42
61
56
80
73
99
89
119 108
151 136
182 164
210 188
240 216
273 245
321 286
367 328
PVC
20
27
35
48
64
84
103
125
158
191
220
253
288
338
387
19
25
32
44
58
76
94
113
142
171
197
226
256
300
344
14.5 14
20 18.5
26
24
36
32
48
43
63
57
77
70
93
84
118 107
142 129
164 149
189 170
215 194
252 227
289 261
XLPE
EPR
PVC
3
Cu
Al
XLPE
EPR
2
B2
B1
13
18.5 16.5 14 13.0
25
22 18.5 17.5 19.5
33
30
25
23
26
42
38
32
29
33
57
51
43
39
45
76
68
57
52
60
99
89
75
68
78
121 109 92
83
96
145 130 110 99 115
183 164 139 125 145
220 197 167 150 175
253 227 192 172 201
290 259 219 196 230
329 295 248 223 262
386 346 291 261 307
442 396 334 298 352
PVC
3
18
24
31
41
55
71
87
104
131
157
180
206
233
273
313
Al
XLPE
EPR
3
14.5 13.5
20 17.5
25
23
33
31
44
41
58
53
71
65
86
78
108 98
130 118
150 135
172 155
195 176
229 207
263 237
38
23
31
42
54
75
100
133
164
198
253
306
354
20
28
37
48
66
88
117
144
175
222
269
312
Cu
XLPE
EPR
PVC
3
17.5 15.5
24
21
32
28
41
36
57
50
76
68
101 89
125 110
151 134
192 171
232 207
269 239
25
33
43
59
79
105
130
157
200
242
281
22
29
38
52
71
93
116
140
179
217
251
18.5 16.5
25 22.0
32
28
44
39
60
53
79
70
97
86
118 104
150 133
181 161
210 186
2
22
30
40
51
69
91
119
146
175
221
265
305
XLPE
EPR
PVC
3
19.5 16.5
26
23
35
30
44
38
60
52
80
69
105 90
128 111
154 133
194 168
233 201
268 232
Cu
Al
XLPE
EPR
PVC
PVC
15
20
27
34
46
62
80
99
118
149
179
206
23
31
40
54
72
94
115
138
175
210
242
21
28
35
48
64
84
103
124
156
188
216
Al
XLPE
EPR
3
17.5 15.5
24
21
30 27.0
41
36
54
48
71
62
86
77
104 92
131 116
157 139
181 160
PVC
24
33
45
58
80
107
138
171
209
269
328
382
441
506
599
693
22
30
40
52
71
96
119
147
179
229
278
322
371
424
500
576
XLPE/EPR
3
19.5 17.5
27
24
36
32
46
41
63
57
85
76
112 96
138 119
168 144
213 184
258 223
299 259
344 299
392 341
461 403
530 464
PVC
26
35
45
62
84
101
126
154
198
241
280
324
371
439
508
24
32
41
57
76
90
112
136
174
211
245
283
323
382
440
21
28
36
49
66
83
103
125
160
195
226
261
298
352
406
18.5
25
25.0
32
44
59
73
90
110
140
170
197
227
259
305
351
39
1SDC010006F0201
Installation
method
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
E or F
Metallic sheath temperature 105 C
Bare cable not
exposed to touch
PVC covered or
bare exposed to touch
70 C
G
Metallic sheath temperature 105 C
PVC covered or
bare exposed to touch
PVC covered or
bare exposed to touch
or
Loaded
conductors
or
or
or
or
or
De
De
De
500 V
750 V
Note 1
Note 2
Note 3
Note 4
De
S[mm2]
1.5
23
19
21
28
24
27
25
21
23
31
26
29
26
29
2.5
31
26
29
38
33
36
33
28
31
41
35
39
34
39
33.0
33
43
37.0
37
49
40
35
38
51
44
47
44
37
41
54
46
51
45
51
56
64
1.5
25
21
23
31
26
30
26
22
26
33
28
32
28
32
35
40
2.5
34
28
31
42
35
41
36
30
34
45
38
43
37
43
47
54
45
37
41
55
47
53
47
40
45
60
50
56
49
56
61
70
57
48
52
70
59
67
60
51
57
76
64
71
62
71
78
89
10
77
65
70
96
81
91
82
69
77
104
87
96
84
95
105
120
16
102
86
92
127
107
119
109
92
102
137
115
127
110
125
137
157
25
133
112
120
166
140
154
142
120
132
179
150
164
142
162
178
204
35
163
137
147
203
171
187
174
147
161
220
184
200
173
197
216
248
50
202
169
181
251
212
230
215
182
198
272
228
247
213
242
266
304
70
247
207
221
307
260
280
264
223
241
333
279
300
259
294
323
370
95
296
249
264
369
312
334
317
267
289
400
335
359
309
351
385
441
120
340
286
303
424
359
383
364
308
331
460
385
411
353
402
441
505
150
388
327
346
485
410
435
416
352
377
526
441
469
400
454
498
565
185
240
440
514
371
434
392
457
550
643
465
544
492
572
472
552
399
466
426
496
596
697
500
584
530
617
446
497
507
565
557
624
629
704
1SDC010007F0201
Installation
method
For single-core cables the sheaths of the cables of the circuit are connected together at both ends.
For bare cables exposed to touch, values should be multiplied by 0.9.
De is the external diameter of the cable.
For metallic sheath temperature 105 C no correction for grouping need to be applied.
40
41
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Correction factor k2
The cable current carrying capacity is influenced by the presence of other cables
installed nearby. The heat dissipation of a single cable is different from that of
the same cable installed next to the other ones.
The correction factor k2 is obtained by the formula:
I z = I 0 k1k 2k 3 = I 0 k tot
k2 = k 2' . k 2''
where:
I0 is the current carrying capacity of the single conductor for installation in the
ground at 20C reference temperature;
k1 is the correction factor if the temperature of the ground is other than 20C;
k2 is the correction factor for adjacent cables;
k3 is the correction factor if the soil thermal resistivity is different from the
reference value, 2.5 Km/W.
Tables 11, 12, and 13 show the factor k2 values for single-core and multi-core
cables that are laid directly in the ground or which are installed in buried ducts,
according to their distance from other cables or the distance between the ducts.
Table 11: Reduction factors for cables laid directly in the ground
Correction factor k1
The current carrying capacity of buried cables refers to a ground temperature
of 20 C. If the ground temperature is different, use the correction factor k1
shown in Table 10 according to the insulation material.
Number
of circuits
2
3
4
5
6
Nil (cables
touching)
0.75
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
One cable
diameter
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.55
0.55
0.125 m
0.85
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.25 m
0.90
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.70
0.5 m
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.80
0.80
Multi-core cables
Insulation
PVC
1.10
1.05
0.95
0.89
0.84
0.77
0.71
0.63
0.55
0.45
Single-core cables
NOTE Values given apply to an installation depth of 0.7 m and a soil thermal resistivity of 2.5 Km/W.
42
43
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Table 12: Reduction factors for multi-core cables laid in single way
ducts in the ground
Number
of circuits
2
3
4
5
6
0.5 m
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.85
0.80
0.25 m
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.80
0.80
1.0 m
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.90
k 2'' =
1
n
Multi-core cables
where:
n is the number of circuits in the duct.
Correction factor k3
NOTE Values given apply to an installation depth of 0.7 m and a soil thermal resistivity of 2.5 Km/W.
Soil thermal resistivity influences the heat dissipation of the cable. Soil with low
thermal resistivity facilitates heat dissipation, whereas soil with high thermal
resistivity limits heat dissipation. IEC 60364-5-52 states as reference value for
the soil thermal resistivity 2.5 Km/W.
Table 14: Correction factors for soil thermal resistivities other than
2.5 Km/W
Table 13: Reduction factors for single-core cables laid in single way
ducts in the ground
Number of single-core
circuits of
two or three cables
2
3
4
5
6
1
1.18
1.5
1.1
2
1.05
2.5
1
3
0.96
0.5 m
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.25 m
0.90
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.70
1.0 m
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
Single-core cables
NOTE Values given apply to an installation depth of 0.7 m and a soil thermal resistivity of 2.5 Km/W.
44
45
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
To summarize:
START
2. use Table 11, Table 12, Table 13 or the formula for groups of non-similar
cables to determine the correction factor k2 according to the distance
between cables or ducts;
yes
D method?
Ground temperature
<>
20 C?
no
Ib
I
Ib =
= b
k1k2 k 3 k tot
'
yes
k 1 from table 4
k1 = 1
no
k1 = 1
no
multi-core cable?
single layer?
XLPE
EPR
Insulation
k 2 from table 6
XLPE
EPR
PVC
yes
no
Al
no
k 2 ' from table 13
k 2 from table 5
yes
similar
sections?
no
k 2 '' =
1
n
yes
k 2 ''=1
PVC
k 2 '' from table 6
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
Loaded
conductors
26
34
44
56
73
95
121
146
173
213
252
287
324
363
419
474
22
29
37
46
61
79
101
122
144
178
211
240
271
304
351
396
22
29
38
47
63
81
104
125
148
183
216
246
278
312
361
408
18
24
31
39
52
67
86
103
122
151
179
203
230
258
297
336
26
34
42
56
73
93
112
132
163
193
220
249
279
322
364
22
29
36
47
61
78
94
112
138
164
186
210
236
272
308
22
29
36
48
62
80
96
113
140
166
189
213
240
277
313
18.5
24
30
40
52
66
80
94
117
138
157
178
200
230
260
k tot =k 1 *k 2
I' b =I b /k tot
k tot =k 1 *k 2 *k 3
k 2 =k 2 '*k 2 ''
Thermal resistivity
<> 2.5 Km/W?
yes
k 3 from table 14
no
k3 = 1
1SDC010008F0201
S[mm2]
1SDC010009F0201
yes
yes
no
1
k 2 '' =
n
D
k 2 from table 7
multi-core cable?
k2 = 1
similar
sections?
Cu
yes
yes
no
Conductor
yes
no
I z = I 0 k 1k 2 k 3
Installation
method
k 1 from table 10
no
5. from Table 15, determine the cross section of the cable with I0 Ib, according
to the method of installation, the insulation and conductive material and the
number of live conductors;
yes
46
S [mm2 ]
I z = I 0 *k tot
END
47
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
1SDC010007F0001
48
Reduction factor
Size selection is
based on phase
current
0 15
15 33
0.86
Current to take in
account for the
cable selection
Ib
Size selection is
based on neutral
current
Current to take in
account for the
cable selection
Ib
Ib
k tot
Ib
k tot . 0.86
I 'b =
I 'b =
33 45
0.86
> 45
IN =
I'b =
IN
0.86
I 'b = I N
Ib
.3 . k
III
k tot
49
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Procedure:
In Table 3, it is possible to find the reference number of the installation and the
method of installation to be used for the calculations. In this example, the
reference number is 31, which corresponds to method E (multi-core cable on
tray).
Type of installation
insulation material:
PVC
type of cable:
multi-core
installation:
load current:
100 A
k 1 = 0.87
Correction factor for adjacent cables k2
Installation conditions:
ambient temperature:
For the multi-core cables grouped on the perforated tray see Table 5.
As a first step, the number of circuits or multi-core cables present shall be
determined; given that:
40 C
k 2 = 0.73
After k1 and k2 have been determined, Ib is calculated by:
I 'b =
a
b
From Table 8, for a multi-core copper cable with PVC insulation, method of
installation E, with three loaded conductors, a cross section with current carrying
capacity of I0 Ib = 157.4 A, is obtained. A 70 mm2 cross section cable can
carry, under Standard reference conditions, 196 A.
The current carrying capacity, according to the actual conditions of installation,
is Iz = 196 . 0.87. 0.73 = 124 A
1SDC010008F0001
Ib
100
=
= 157.4 A
k1k2 0.87. 0.73
50
51
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Example of dimensioning a cable in a balanced threephase circuit with a significant third-harmonic content
If no harmonics are present, from Table 8, for a multi-core copper cable with
PVC insulation, method of installation E, with three loaded conductors, a cross
section with current carrying capacity of I0 Ib = 115 A, is obtained. A 35 mm2
cross section cable can carry, under Standard reference conditions, 126 A.
The current carrying capacity, according to the actual conditions of installation,
is still 126 A, since the value of factors k1 and k2 is 1.
PVC
type of cable:
multi-core
installation:
load current:
115 A
30 C
Installation conditions:
ambient temperature:
Ib
115
=
= 133.7 A
k1 . k 2 . 0.86 0.86
From Table 8, a 50 mm2 cable with carrying capacity of 153 A shall be selected.
no adjacent circuits.
If the third harmonic content is 40 %, Table 16 shows that the cable shall be
dimensioned according to the current of the neutral conductor and a reduction
factor of 0.86 must be applied.
The current in the neutral conductor is:
Procedure:
Type of installation
On Table 3, it is possible to find the reference number of the installation and the
method of installation to be used for the calculations. In this example, the
reference number is 31, which corresponds to method E (multi-core cable on
tray).
IN =
I 'b =
k1 = 1
138
IN
=
= 160.5 A
0.86 0.86
From Table 8, a 70 mm2 cable with 196 A current carrying capacity shall be
selected.
If the third harmonic content is 60 %, Table 16 shows that the cable shall be
dimensioned according to the current of the neutral conductor, but a reduction
factor of 1 must be applied.
The current in the neutral conductor is:
k2 = 1
After k1 and k2 have been determined, Ib is calculated by:
I 'b =
Ib . .
3 k III = 115. 3 . 0.4 = 138 A
ktot
IN =
Ib
= 115 A
k1k 2
Ib . .
3 kIII = 115. 3 . 0.6 = 207A
ktot
From Table 8, a 95 mm2 cable with current carrying capacity of 238 A must be
selected.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
52
53
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
= 1 - cos 2 .
Normally, the percentage value in relation to the rated value Ur is calculated by:
54
u% =
U
100
Ur
(2)
Resistance and reactance values per unit of length are set out on the following
table by cross-sectional area and cable formation, for 50 Hz; in case of 60 Hz,
the reactance value shall be multiplied by 1.2.
55
S
[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
The following tables show the Ux [V/(A.km)] values by cross section and
formation of the cable according to the most common cos values.
single-core cable
r[/km]
x[/km]
@ 80 [C]
14.8
0.168
8.91
0.156
5.57
0.143
3.71
0.135
2.24
0.119
1.41
0.112
0.889
0.106
0.641
0.101
0.473
0.101
0.328
0.0965
0.236
0.0975
0.188
0.0939
0.153
0.0928
0.123
0.0908
0.0943
0.0902
0.0761
0.0895
two-core/three-core cable
r[/km]
x[/km]
@ 80 [C]
15.1
0.118
9.08
0.109
5.68
0.101
3.78
0.0955
2.27
0.0861
1.43
0.0817
0.907
0.0813
0.654
0.0783
0.483
0.0779
0.334
0.0751
0.241
0.0762
0.191
0.074
0.157
0.0745
0.125
0.0742
0.0966
0.0752
0.078
0.075
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
single-core cable
r[/km]
x[/km]
@ 80 [C]
24.384
0.168
14.680
0.156
9.177
0.143
6.112
0.135
3.691
0.119
2.323
0.112
1.465
0.106
1.056
0.101
0.779
0.101
0.540
0.0965
0.389
0.0975
0,310
0.0939
0.252
0.0928
0.203
0.0908
0.155
0.0902
0.125
0.0895
cos=1
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
29.60
25.63
17.82
15.43
11.14
9.65
7.42
6.43
4.48
3.88
2.82
2.44
1.78
1.54
1.28
1.11
0.95
0.82
0.66
0.57
0.47
0.41
0.38
0.33
0.31
0.27
0.25
0.21
0.19
0.16
0.15
0.13
two-core/three-core cable
r[/km]
x[/km]
@ 80 [C]
24.878
0.118
14.960
0.109
9.358
0.101
6.228
0.0955
3.740
0.0861
2.356
0.0817
1.494
0.0813
1.077
0.0783
0.796
0.0779
0.550
0.0751
0.397
0.0762
0.315
0.074
0.259
0.0745
0.206
0.0742
0.159
0.0752
0.129
0.075
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
56
cos=0.9
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
26.79
23.20
16.17
14.01
10.15
8.79
6.80
5.89
4.14
3.58
2.64
2.28
1.69
1.47
1.24
1.08
0.94
0.81
0.67
0.58
0.51
0.44
0.42
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.25
0.22
0.22
0.19
57
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos =0.85
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
25.34
21.94
15.31
13.26
9.62
8.33
6.45
5.59
3.93
3.41
2.51
2.18
1.62
1.41
1.20
1.04
0.91
0.79
0.66
0.57
0.50
0.44
0.42
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.26
0.22
0.22
0.19
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=0.8
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
23.88
20.68
14.44
12.51
9.08
7.87
6.10
5.28
3.73
3.23
2.39
2.07
1.55
1.34
1.15
0.99
0.88
0.76
0.64
0.55
0.49
0.43
0.41
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.31
0.26
0.26
0.22
0.23
0.20
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=0.75
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
22.42
19.42
13.57
11.75
8.54
7.40
5.74
4.97
3.52
3.05
2.26
1.96
1.47
1.28
1.10
0.95
0.84
0.73
0.62
0.54
0.48
0.42
0.41
0.35
0.35
0.31
0.30
0.26
0.26
0.23
0.23
0.20
58
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=1
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
48.77
42.23
29.36
25.43
18.35
15.89
12.22
10.59
7.38
6.39
4.65
4.02
2.93
2.54
2.11
1.83
1.56
1.35
1.08
0.94
0.78
0.67
0.62
0.54
0.50
0.44
0.41
0.35
0.31
0.27
0.25
0.22
59
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=0.9
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
44.04
38.14
26.56
23.00
16.64
14.41
11.12
9.63
6.75
5.84
4.28
3.71
2.73
2.36
1.99
1.72
1.49
1.29
1.06
0.92
0.78
0.68
0.64
0.55
0.53
0.46
0.44
0.38
0.36
0.31
0.30
0.26
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=0.8
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
39.22
33.96
23.67
20.50
14.85
12.86
9.94
8.61
6.05
5.24
3.85
3.34
2.47
2.14
1.81
1.57
1.37
1.18
0.98
0.85
0.74
0.64
0.61
0.53
0.51
0.45
0.43
0.38
0.36
0.31
0.31
0.27
60
S[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
cos=0.75
single-core cable
single-phase
three-phase
36.80
31.87
22.23
19.25
13.95
12.08
9.35
8.09
5.69
4.93
3.63
3.15
2.34
2.02
1.72
1.49
1.30
1.13
0.94
0.81
0.71
0.62
0.59
0.51
0.50
0.43
0.42
0.37
0.35
0.31
0.31
0.27
61
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Example 1
Example:
Supply of a three-phase load with Pu = 35 kW (Ur=400 V, fr= 50 Hz, cos=0.9)
with a 140 m cable installed on a perforated tray, consisting of a multi-core
copper cable with EPR insulation.
Maximum permitted voltage drop 2%.
u% =
U .
2.03 .
100 =
100 = 0.51%
400
Ur
Ib =
Example 2
To calculate a voltage drop on a three-phase cable with the following
specifications:
rated voltage: 690 V;
cable length: 50 m;
cable formation: multi-core copper cable, 2x(3x10) mm2;
load current Ib: 50 A;
power factor cos: 0.85.
From Table 5, for a multi-core 10 mm2 cable it is possible to read that Ux
voltage drop corresponds to 3.42 V/(Akm). By multiplying this value by the
length in km and by the current in A, it results:
U = U x . I b .
u% =
L
0.05
= 3.42. 50 .
= 4.28 V
2
2
u% =
Pu
35000
=
= 56 A
3 .U r . cos
3 . 400. 0.9
28.2 .
U .
100 =
100 = 7.05%
400
Ur
U .
4.28 .
100 =
100 = 0.62%
690
Ur
U x max =
62
u% .U r
2% . 400
=
= 1.02 V/(A . km)
100 . I b . L 100 . 56 . 0.14
63
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Pj =
3. r . I b2 . L
[W]
1000
Pj =
2 . r . I b2 . L
[W]
1000
Ib
Cu
14.8
8.91
5.57
3.71
2.24
1.41
0.889
0.641
0.473
0.328
0.236
0.188
0.153
0.123
0.0943
0.0761
AI
24.384
14.680
9.177
6.112
3.691
2.323
1.465
1.056
0.779
0.540
0.389
0.310
0.252
0.203
0.155
0.125
Iz
In
1.45Iz
I2
Two-core/three-core cable
Cu
15.1
9.08
5.68
3.78
2.27
1.43
0.907
0.654
0.483
0.334
0.241
0.191
0.157
0.125
0.0966
0.078
(1)
(2)
Where:
Ib is the current for which the circuit is dimensioned;
Iz is the continuous current carrying capacity of the cable;
In is the rated current of the protective device; for adjustable protective releases,
the rated current In is the set current;
I2 is the current ensuring effective operation in the conventional time of the
protective device.
where:
Ib is the load current [A];
r is the phase resistance per unit of length of the cable at 80 C [/km] (see
Table 1);
L is the cable length [m].
S
[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
I b In I z
I2 1.45 . Iz
1SDC010009F0001
AI
24.878
14.960
9.358
6.228
3.740
2.356
1.494
1.077
0.796
0.550
0.397
0.315
0.259
0.206
0.159
0.129
64
65
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Example 2
Ib In 0.9 .Iz
Load specifications
Pr = 80 kW; cos = 0.9; Ur = 400 V; three-phase load so Ib = 128 A
Ib
1SDC010010F0001
Iz
In
Ib
1SDC010011F0001
0.9 Iz
In
Cable specifications
Iz = 171 A
Protective device specifications
T2N160 PR221DS-LS (circuit-breaker with microprocessor release)
In = 160 A: set current I1 = 0.88 x In = 140.8 A
Example 3
Load specifications
Pr = 100 kW; cos = 0.9; Ur = 400 V ; three-phase load so Ib = 160 A
Cable specifications
Example 1
Example 4
Load specifications
Load specifications
Cable specifications
Cable specifications
Iz = 134 A
Iz = 134 A
66
67
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Table 2 shows the maximum withstood energy for cables according to the
cross section, the conductor material and the type of insulation, which are
calculated by using the parameters of Table 1.
where
I2t is the specific let-through energy of the protective device which can be
read on the curves supplied by the manufacturer (see Electrical installation
handbook, Vol. 1, Chapter 3.4 Specific let-through energy curves) or from a
direct calculation in the case of devices that are not limiting and delaying;
S is the cable cross section [mm2]; in the case of conductors in parallel it is
the cross section of the single conductor;
k is a factor that depends on the cable insulating and conducting material.
The values of the most common installations are shown in Table 1; for a more
detailed calculation, see Annex D.
1.5
Cu
115
2.9810
-2
8.2710
Al
76
1.3010
-2
3.6110
Cu
143
4.6010
-2
1.2810
Al
94
1.9910
-2
5.5210
Cu
141
4.4710
-2
1.2410
Al
93
1.9510
-2
50
Cu
115
3.3110
6.4810
Al
76
1.4410
2.8310
1.0010
4.3310
Cable
PVC
EPR/XLPE
Rubber
2.5
-2
2.1210
-1
4.7610
-2
9.2410
-1
3.2710
-2
1.4110
-1
3.1810
5.4110
-2
1.3810
70
95
-1
-2
2.0810
-1
7.3610
-1
3.1810
-1
7.1610
-1
3.1110
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
10
16
25
35
1.32
3.39
8.27
1.6210
5.7810
1.48
3.61
7.08
2.04
-1
5.23
1.2810
8.8410
2.26
5.52
1.99
5.09
1.2410
2.21
5.41
-1
-1
8.6510
2.5110
1.0810
1
2.4410
1.0610
PVC
EPR/XLPE
G2
PVC
>300 mm2
EPR
XLPE
Rubber
60 C
Initial temperature C
70
70
90
Final temperature C
160
140
Mineral
PVC
Bare
60
70
105
250
200
160
250
Material of conductor:
115
103
143
141
115
135/115 a
Aluminium
76
68
94
93
tin-soldered joints
in copper conductors
115
Copper
5.2110
Cu
143
5.1110
Al
94
2.2110
9.7410
4.2410
Cu
141
4.9710
Al
93
2.1610
150
1.9010
8.3210
1.8510
7.9710
2.9810
1.3010
2.9410
1.2710
1.7910
7.8110
185
4.5310
1.9810
4.6010
1.9910
2.8610
1.2510
240
7.6210
3.3310
7.0010
3.0210
4.4710
1.9510
300
1.1910
5.2010
1.8410
7.9510
1.7910
7.7810
1.1810
5.0910
6.8010
2.9610
1.1510
4.9810
3
2
3
2
3
2
The formula (1) must be verified along the whole length of the cable. Due to the
shape of the specific let-through energy curve of a circuit breaker, it is generally
sufficient, but not always, to verify formula (1) only for the maximum and minimum
short-circuit current that may affect the cable. The maximum value is normally
the value of the three-phase short-circuit current at the beginning of the line,
while the minimum value is the value of the phase to neutral short-circuit current
(phase to phase if the neutral conductor is not distributed) or phase to earth at
the end of the cable.
Conductor insulation
PVC
300 mm2
1.1910
120
1SDC010010F0201
68
69
1SDC010002F0901
Cable
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Calculation of short-circuit current at end of the conductor
[(KA)2s] 102
Ikmin =
Ikmin =
sec
par
L
1.5 . . (1 + m) .
S
(2.1)
(2.2)
where:
10-1
1SDC010011F0001
10-2
10-3
10-1
10
[KA]
120
0.9
150
0.85
180
0.80
240
0.75
300
0.72
number of parallel
conductors
kpar*
2
2
3
2.7
4
3
5
3.2
m is the ratio between the resistances of the neutral conductor and the phase
conductor (if they are made of the same material m is the ratio between the
cross section of the phase conductor and the cross section of the neutral
conductor).
After calculating the minimum short-circuit current, verify that
70
71
2 Protection of feeders
Example
2 Protection of feeders
Table 3: Maximum protected length
Ur = 400 V
Ik = 30 kA
Choice of CB1
CB1
System data:
Rated voltage 400 V
Ik = 30 kA
PVC Cu
L = 150 m
Iz = 134.0 A
L
Protection against short-circuit at the beginning of the conductor
T1N160 R160 (breaking capacity 36 kA@400 V)
I2t (@30 kA) = 7.5 10-1 (kA)2s (for the curves of specific let-through energy, see
Volume 1, Chapter 3.4)
k2S2 = 1152 502 = 3.31.101 (kA)2s
The cable is therefore protected against short-circuit at the beginning of the
conductor.
Protection against short-circuit at end of the conductor
The minimum short-circuit current at end of the conductor (ksec=1 and kpar=1) is:
Ikmin =
The magnetic threshold of the circuit breaker T1N160 R160 is set at 1600 A. If
tolerance is 20%, the circuit breaker shall definitely trip if the values exceed
1920 A; the cable is therefore fully protected against short-circuit.
72
1SDC010011F0201
Cable data:
Insulated copper conductor in PVC
Length = 150 m
S = 50 mm2
Iz = 134 A
section [mm2]
1.5
2.5
20
370
617
30
246
412
40
185
309
50
148
247
60
123
206
70
105
176
80
92
154
90
82
137
100
74
123
120
61
102
140
52
88
150
49
82
160
46
77
180
41
68
200
37
61
220
33
56
250
29
49
280
26
44
300
24
41
320
23
38
350
21
35
380
19
32
400
18
30
420
17
29
450
16
27
480
15
25
500
14
24
520
14
23
550
13
22
580
12
21
600
12
20
620
11
19
650
11
19
680
10
18
700
10
17
750
16
800
15
850
14
900
13
950
13
1000
12
1250
1500
1600
2000
2500
3000
3200
4000
5000
6300
8000
9600
10000
12000
15000
20000
24000
30000
I3[A]
4
658
494
395
329
282
246
219
197
164
141
131
123
109
98
89
79
70
65
61
56
52
49
47
43
41
39
38
35
34
32
31
30
29
28
26
24
23
21
20
19
15
13
12
741
593
494
423
370
329
296
246
211
197
185
164
148
134
118
105
98
92
84
78
74
70
65
61
59
57
53.
51
49
47
45
43
42
39
37
34
32
31
29
23
19
18
14
11
10
705
617
549
494
412
353
329
309
274
247
224
198
176
165
154
141
130
123
118
110
103
99
95
90
85
82
80
76
73
71
66
62
58
55
52
49
40
33
31
25
20
16
15
12
10
16
790
658
564
527
494
439
395
359
316
282
263
247
226
208
198
188
176
165
158
152
144
136
132
127
122
116
113
105
99
93
88
83
79
63
53
49
40
32
26
25
20
16
13
10
25
772
686
617
561
494
441
412
386
353
325
309
294
274
257
247
237
224
213
206
199
190
182
176
165
154
145
137
130
123
99
82
77
62
49
41
39
31
25
20
15
13
12
10
35
786
691
617
576
540
494
455
432
412
384
360
346
332
314
298
288
279
266
254
247
230
216
203
192
182
173
138
115
108
86
69
58
54
43
35
27
22
18
17
14
12
50
772
705
650
617
588
549
514
494
475
449
426
412
398
380
363
353
329
309
290
274
260
247
198
165
154
123
99
82
77
62
49
39
31
26
25
21
16
12
10
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
768
720
691
665
629
596
576
558
532
508
494
461
432
407
384
364
346
277
230
216
173
138
115
108
86
69
55
43
36
35
29
23
17
14
12
809
782
757
722
690
670
626
586
552
521
494
469
375
313
293
235
188
156
147
117
94
74
59
49
47
39
31
23
20
16
847
790
667
627
593
561
533
427
356
333
267
213
178
167
133
107
85
67
56
53
44
36
27
22
20
840
787
741
700
663
630
504
420
394
315
252
210
197
157
126
100
79
66
63
52
42
31
26
25
731
585
487
457
365
292
244
228
183
146
116
91
76
73
61
49
37
30
30
711
593
556
444
356
296
278
222
178
141
111
93
89
74
59
44
37
40
667
533
427
356
333
267
213
169
133
111
107
89
71
53
44
49
73
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
To summarize:
Multiply the length value obtained from the table by the correction factor kv:
On the table, for the cross section and magnetic trip threshold it is possible to
read a maximum protected value L0. This length shall then be multiplied, if
necessary, by the correction factors in order to obtain a value that is compatible
with the installation operating conditions:
Ur [V]
(three-phase value)
2301
400
440
500
690
kv
0.58
1
1.1
1.25
1.73
L = L 0 k v kd k r
Example 1
Example 2
Neutral distributed
Rated voltage = 400 V
Protective device: T3S250 R200
Magnetic threshold: I3 = 2000 A
Phase cross section = 300 mm2
Neutral cross section = 150 mm2
For I3 = 2000 A and S = 300 mm2, a protected length equivalent of L0= 533 m
is obtained.
2 . 1
kd =
3 1+ S
SN
where
S is the phase cross section [mm2];
SN is the neutral cross section [mm2].
In particular:
if S = SN
if S = 2.S N
kd is 0.58;
kd is 0.39.
kd =
74
2 . 1
2 . 1
=
= 0.39
3 1+ S
3 1+ 300
150
SN
75
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
TT or TN systems:
if the cross section of the neutral conductor is the same or larger than the
cross section of the phase conductor, there is neither the need to detect
overcurrents on the neutral conductor nor to use a breaking device (neutral
conductor is not protected or disconnected); this requirement applies only if
there are no harmonics that may, at any instant, cause r.m.s. current values
on the neutral conductor higher than the maximum current detected on the
phase conductors;
if the cross section of the neutral conductor is less than the cross section of
the phase conductor, overcurrents on the neutral conductor must be detected
so as to have the phase conductors, but not necessarily the neutral conductor,
disconnected (neutral conductor protected but not disconnected): in this case
the overcurrents on the neutral conductor do not need to be detected if the
following conditions are simultaneously fulfilled:
1.the neutral conductor is protected against short-circuit by
the protective device of the phase conductors;
2.the maximum current that can flow through the neutral
conductor during normal service is lower than the neutral
current carrying capacity.
In TN-S systems, the neutral need not be disconnected if the supply conditions
are such that the neutral conductor can be considered to be reliable at earth potential.
As already mentioned, in TN-C systems, the neutral conductor is also a
protective conductor and cannot therefore be disconnected. Furthermore, if
the neutral conductor is disconnected, the exposed conductive parts of the
single-phase equipment could take the system rated voltage to earth.
In certain specific cases, the neutral conductor has to be disconnected to
prevent currents circulating between parallel supply sources (see Figures 2 and 3)
Neutral conductor
The neutral conductor is a conductor that is connected to the system neutral
point (which generally but not necessarily coincides with the star centre of the
secondary windings of the transformer or the windings of the generator); it is
able to contribute to the transmission of electric power, thereby making available
a voltage that is different from the phase to phase voltage. In certain cases and
under specific conditions, the functions of neutral conductor and protective
conductor can be combined in a single conductor (PEN).
Protection and disconnection of the neutral conductor
U1 =
P
P
N
U1
R1
3 . U0 . R 1
R1+ R2
R2
Power supply 1
L1
L2
L3
PEN
PE
L1
L2
L3
Supplier
User
1SDC010012F0201
1SDC010013F0001
If fault conditions arise, a voltage to earth may occur on the neutral conductor.
This may be caused by a phase to neutral short-circuit and by the disconnection
of the neutral conductor due to accidental breaking or to tripping of single-pole
devices (fuses or single-pole circuit breakers).
If the neutral conductor only is disconnected in a four-conductor circuit the
supply voltage to the single-phase loads may be altered so that they are supplied
by a voltage different from the U0 phase to neutral voltage (as shown in Fig. 1).
Therefore, all the necessary measures to prevent this type of fault shall be taken,
e.g. by not protecting the neutral conductor with single-pole devices.
76
77
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
L1
L2
L3
PEN
PE
START
L1
L2
L3
no
Upstream protection
for the neutral?
SN S?
TT/TN System?
no
yes
yes
no
yes
NOTE A three-phase
alternative power supply
with a non-suitable 3-pole
switch, due to
unintentional circular stray
currents generating
electromagnetic fields.
1SDC010014F0001
no
no
yes
yes
no
78
It is necessary to:
detect the neutral current
in order to open all the contacts
(phase and neutral).
It is necessary to:
- open all the contacts
(phase and neutral)
It is not necessary to:
-detect the neutral current.
It is necessary to:
-open the phase contacts
It is not necessary to:
-detect the neutral overcurrent;
-open the neutral contact.
It is necessary to:
-detect the neutral current;
-open the phase contacts;
It is not necessary to:
-open the neutral contact.
It is not necessary:
-the presence of a
breaking device
for the neutral.
79
1SDC010013F0201
yes
IT system:
The Standard advises against distributing the neutral conductor in IT systems.
If the neutral conductor is distributed, the overcurrents must be detected on
the neutral conductor of each circuit in order to disconnect all the live conductors
on the corresponding circuit, including the neutral one (neutral conductor
protected and disconnected).
Overcurrents do not need to be detected on the neutral conductor in any of the
following cases:
the neutral conductor is protected against short-circuit by a protective device
fitted upstream;
the circuit is protected by a residual current device with rated residual current
lower than 0.15 times the current carrying capacity of the corresponding neutral
conductor. This device must disconnect all the live conductors, the neutral
conductor included.
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Protective conductor
The neutral conductor, if any, shall have the same cross section as the line
conductor:
in single-phase, two-wire circuits whatever the section;
in polyphase and single-phase three-wire circuits, when the size of the line
conductors is less than or equal to 16 mm2 in copper, or 25 mm2 in
aluminium.1
The cross section of the neutral conductor can be less than the cross section
of the phase conductor when the cross section of the phase conductor is
greater than 16 mm2 with a copper cable, or 25 mm2 with an aluminium cable,
if both the following conditions are met:
the cross section of the neutral conductor is at least 16 mm2 for copper
conductors and 25 mm2 for aluminium conductors;
there is no high harmonic distortion of the load current. If there is high harmonic
distortion (the harmonic content is greater than 10%), as for example in
equipment with discharge lamps, the cross section of the neutral conductor
cannot be less than the cross section of the phase conductors.
S 16
k1 .
16*
S > 25
S*
2
k1 .
16
k
2
k1 . S
k2 2
Where
*
for TN-C systems, the Standards specify a minimum cross section of 10 mm2 for
copper and 16 mm2 for aluminium conductors
k1 is the value of k for the line conductor, selected from Table 1 Chapter 2.4 according to the materials of
the conductor and insulation;
The cross section of phase conductors shall be dimensioned in compliance with the
instructions of the Chapter 2.2.1 Current carrying capacity and methods of installation
SPE =
I 2t
k
(1)
where:
SPE is the cross section of the protective conductor [mm2];
I is the r.m.s. current flowing through the protective conductor in the event of
a fault with low impedance [A];
t is the trip time of the protective device [s];
80
81
1SDC010014F0201
16 < S 25
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Further values of k can be taken from the Tables in Annex D, which provides
the formula for accurate calculation of the value of k.
If Table 2 or formula (1) do not provide a standardized cross section, a larger
standardized cross section shall be chosen.
Regardless of whether Table 2 or formula (1) are used, the cross section of the
protective conductor, which is not part of the supply cable, shall be at least:
- 2.5 mm2 Cu/16 mm2 Al, if a mechanical protection is provided;
- 4 mm2 Cu/16 mm2 Al, if no mechanical protection ise provided.
Initial
Copper
Aluminium
Final
Steel
Values for k
70 C PVC
30
160/140 a
143/133 a
95/88 a
52/49 a
90 C PVC
30
143/133 a
143/133 a
95/88 a
52/49 a
90 C thermosetting
30
250
176
116
64
60 C rubber
30
200
159
105
58
85 C rubber
30
220
168
110
60
Silicon rubber
30
350
201
133
1SDC010015F0201
Conductor insulation
For current using equipment intended for permanent connection and with a
protective conductor current exceeding 10 mA, reinforced protective conductors
shall be designed as follows:
either the protective conductor shall have a cross-sectional area of at least 10
mm2 Cu or 16 mm2 Al, through its total run;
or a second protective conductor of at least the same cross-sectional area as
required for protection against indirect contact shall be laid up to a point
where the protective conductor has a cross-sectional area not less than 10
mm2 Cu or 16 mm2 Al. This requires that the appliance has a separate terminal
for a second protective conductor;
Material of conductor
Temperature
C b
73
The lower value applies to PVC insulated conductors of cross section greater than 300 mm .
b
Temperature limits for various types of insulation are given in IEC 60724.
When overcurrent protective devices are used for protection against electric
shock, the protective conductor shall be incorporated in the same wiring system
as the live conductors or be located in their immediate proximity.
a
b
Copper
Final
Aluminium
Steel
Values for k
70
160/140 a
90 C PVC
90
90 C thermosetting
90
250
143
94
52
60 C rubber
60
200
141
93
51
85 C rubber
85
220
134
89
48
Silicon rubber
180
350
132
87
47
160/140
115/103 a
100/86
76/68 a
42/37 a
36/31 a
66/57
1SDC010015F0201
Initial
70 C PVC
Material of conductor
Temperature
C b
Conductor insulation
The lower value applies to PVC insulated conductors of cross section greater than 300 mm2.
Temperature limits for various types of insulation are given in IEC 60724.
82
83
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
BTS geometry
Type of installation:
- flat;
- edge-on;
- vertical.
Length.
NOTE: BTSs shall be placed at a distance from the walls and the ceilings in such a way as
to enable visual inspection of connections during assembly and to facilitate insertion of the
branch units.
If possible, it is preferable to install the BTS edge-on so as to improve mechanical resistance
and reduce any possible deposit of powder and polluting substances that might affect the
level of internal insulation.
Ib =
Pt . b
.
3 U . cos
r
[A]
(1)
where:
Pt is the sum of the active power of all the installed loads [W];
b is the supply factor, which is:
- 1 if the BTS is supplied from one side only;
- 1/2 if the BTS is supplied from the centre or from both ends
simultaneously;
Ur is the operating voltage [V];
cosm is the average power factor of the loads.
Dimensioning of a BTS
To dimension a BTS, the load current must be determined using the following
data:
Power supply
I b I Z 0 . kt = I Z
where:
IZ0 is the current that the BTS can carry for an indefinite time at the reference
temperature (40 C);
Ib is the load current;
kt is the correction factor for ambient temperature values other than the
reference ambient temperature shown on Table 1.
Table 1: Correction factor kt for ambient temperature other than 40 C
Loads
Number, distribution, power and cos and type of loads supplied by the same
BTS
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
(2)
84
Ambient
Temperature [C] 15
kt
1.2
20
1.17
25
1.12
30
1.08
35
1.05
40
1
45
0.95
50
0.85
85
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Type
LB254 25A 4 cond. Cu
HL254 25A 4 cond. Cu
HL2544 25A 4+4 cond. Cu
LB404 40A 4 cond. Cu
HL404 40A 4 cond. Cu
HL4044 40A 4+4 cond. Cu
SL 40A 4 cond. Cu
SL 63A 4 cond. Cu
MS 100A 4 cond. Cu
MS 160A 4 cond. Cu
SB4 160A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 160A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 160A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 160A 4 cond. Cu
MR 250A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 250A 5 cond. Cu
SB4 250A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 250A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 250A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 250A 4 cond. Cu
MR 315A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 315A 5 cond. Cu
SB4 350A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 350A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 350A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 350A 4 cond. Cu
MR 400A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 400A 5 cond. Cu
SB4 500A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 500A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 500A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 500A 4 cond. Cu
MR 630A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 630A 5 cond. Cu
SB4 700A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 700A 5 cond. Cu
Number of
conductors
4
4
4+4
4
4
4+4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
IZ0
[A]
25
25
25
40
40
40
40
63
100
160
160
160
160
160
250
250
250
250
250
250
315
315
350
350
350
350
400
400
500
500
500
500
630
630
700
700
rph*
[m/m]
6.964
6.876
6.876
3.556
3.516
3.516
2.173
1.648
0.790
0.574
0.335
0.335
0.335
0.335
0.285
0.285
0.194
0.194
0.194
0.194
0.216
0.216
0.142
0.142
0.142
0.142
0.115
0.115
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.092
0.073
0.073
0.077
0.077
xph
[m/m]
1.144
1.400
1.400
0.792
1.580
1.580
0.290
0.637
0.366
0.247
0.314
0.314
0.314
0.314
0.205
0.205
0.205
0.205
0.205
0.205
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.129
0.129
0.129
0.129
0.129
0.129
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
Ur
[V]
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
Size
700
700
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2400
2500
2500
3000
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
5000
5000
Type
SB6 700A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 700A 4 cond. Cu
MR 800A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 800A 5 cond. Cu
SC 800A 4 cond. Cu
SB4 800A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 800A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 800A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 800A 4 cond. Cu
MR 1000A 4 cond. Cu
MRf 1000A 5 cond. Cu
SC 1000A 4 cond. Cu
HRC1 1000A 4 cond. Cu
SB4 1000A 4 cond. Cu
SB5 1000A 5 cond. Cu
SB6 1000A 5 cond. Cu
SB7 1000A 4 cond. Cu
SC 1200A 4 cond. Cu
SC 1250A 4 cond. Cu
HRC1 1250A 4 cond. Cu
SC 1500A 4 cond. Cu
SC 1600A 4 cond. Cu
HRC1 1600A 4 cond. Cu
SC 2000A 4 cond. Cu
HRC1 2000A 4 cond. Cu
SC 2400A 4 cond. Cu
SC 2500A 4 cond. Cu
HRC1 2500A 4 cond. Cu
SC 3000A 4 cond. Cu
HRC2 3000A 4 cond. Cu
SC 3200A 4 cond. Cu
HRC2 3200A 4 cond. Cu
SC 4000A 4 cond. Cu
HRC2 4000A 4 cond. Cu
SC 5000A 4 cond. Cu
HRC2 5000A 4 cond. Cu
Number of
conductors
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
IZ0
[A]
700
700
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2400
2500
2500
3000
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
5000
5000
rph*
[m/m]
0.077
0.077
0.047
0.047
0.038
0.072
0.072
0.072
0.072
0.038
0.038
0.037
0.038
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.068
0.035
0.034
0.035
0.030
0.025
0.034
0.020
0.025
0.019
0.016
0.019
0.014
0.017
0.013
0.015
0.011
0.011
0.008
0.008
xph
[m/m]
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.027
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.122
0.120
0.120
0.026
0.097
0.120
0.120
0.120
0.120
0.021
0.023
0.076
0.022
0.018
0.074
0.015
0.074
0.012
0.011
0.040
0.011
0.031
0.009
0.031
0.007
0.026
0.005
0.023
Ur
[V]
500
500
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
86
87
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Type
Number of
conductors
IZ0
[A]
rph*
[m/m]
xph
[m/m]
Ur
[V]
160
160
160
160
160
160
250
250
250
250
250
250
315
315
315
315
315
315
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
630
630
630
MR 160A 4 cond. Al
MRf 160A 5 cond. Al
SB4 160A 4 cond. Al
SB5 160A 5 cond. Al
SB6 160A 5 cond. Al
SB7 160A 4 cond. Al
MR 250A 4 cond. Al
MRf 250A 5 cond. Al
SB4 250A 4 cond. Al
SB5 250A 5 cond. Al
SB6 250A 5 cond. Al
SB7 250A 4 cond. Al
MR 315A 4 cond. Al
MRf 315A 5 cond. Al
SB4 315A 4 cond. Al
SB5 315A 5 cond. Al
SB6 315A 5 cond. Al
SB7 315A 4 cond. Al
MR 400A 4 cond. Al
MRf 400A 5 cond. Al
SB4 400A 4 cond. Al
SB5 400A 5 cond. Al
SB6 400A 5 cond. Al
SB7 400A 4 cond. Al
SB4 500A 4 cond. Al
SB5 500A 5 cond. Al
SB6 500A 5 cond. Al
SB7 500A 4 cond. Al
MR 630A 4 cond. Al
MRf 630A 5 cond. Al
SC 630A 4 cond. Al
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
160
160
160
160
160
160
250
250
250
250
250
250
315
315
315
315
315
315
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
630
630
630
0.591
0.591
0.431
0.431
0.431
0.431
0.394
0.394
0.226
0.226
0.226
0.226
0.236
0.236
0.181
0.181
0.181
0.181
0.144
0.144
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.102
0.072
0.072
0.072
0.260
0.260
0.260
0.260
0.260
0.260
0.202
0.202
0.202
0.202
0.202
0.202
0.186
0.186
0.186
0.186
0.186
0.186
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.130
0.127
0.127
0.127
0.127
0.097
0.097
0.029
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
Size
630
630
630
630
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2250
2400
2500
2500
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
4500
Type
SB4 630A 4 cond. Al
SB5 630A 5 cond. Al
SB6 630A 5 cond. Al
SB7 630A 4 cond. Al
MR 800A 4 cond. Al
MRf 800A 5 cond. Al
SC 800A 4 cond. Al
SB4 800A 4 cond. Al
SB5 800A 5 cond. Al
SB6 800A 5 cond. Al
SB7 800A 4 cond. Al
SC 1000A 4 cond. Al
HRC1 1000A 4 cond. Al
SC 1200A 4 cond. Al
SC 1250A 4 cond. Al
HRC1 1250A 4 cond. Al
SC 1500A 4 cond. Al
SC 1600A 4 cond. Al
HRC1 1600A 4 cond. Al
SC 2000A 4 cond. Al
HRC1 2000A 4 cond. Al
HRC2 2250A 4 cond. Al
SC 2400A 4 cond. Al
SC 2500A 4 cond. Al
HRC2 2500A 4 cond. Al
SC 3000A 4 cond. Al
SC 3200A 4 cond. Al
HRC2 3200A 4 cond. Al
SC 4000A 4 cond. Al
HRC2 4000A 4 cond. Al
HRC2 4500A 4 cond. Al
Number of
conductors
4
5
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
IZ0
[A]
630
630
630
630
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2250
2400
2500
2500
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
4500
rph*
[m/m]
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.062
0.062
0.067
0.071
0.071
0.071
0.071
0.062
0.068
0.054
0.044
0.044
0.041
0.035
0.041
0.029
0.034
0.032
0.028
0.022
0.022
0.020
0.017
0.020
0.014
0.017
0.014
xph
[m/m]
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.097
0.096
0.096
0.027
0.096
0.096
0.096
0.096
0.023
0.087
0.023
0.021
0.066
0.023
0.017
0.066
0.016
0.053
0.049
0.012
0.011
0.034
0.011
0.009
0.034
0.008
0.024
0.024
Ur
[V]
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
88
89
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
BTS protection
START
I b In I z
Ib
(3)
where:
Ib is the current for which the circuit is designed;
In is the rated current of the protective device; for adjustable protective devices,
the rated current In is the set current;
Iz is the continuous current carrying capacity of the BTS.
Temperature
<> 40 C ?
yes
no
kt from
Table 1
kt=1
The BTS must be protected against thermal overload and electrodynamic effects
due to the short-circuit current.
Protection against thermal overload
The following formula shall be fulfilled:
BTS choice
Voltage drop
OK ?
no
yes
Circuit-breaker
choice
no
yes
I2 t CB < I2 t BTS ?
no
yes
where:
Ikp CB is the peak limited by the circuit-breaker at the maximum short-circuit
current value at the installation point. This can be extrapolated from the
limitation curves shown in Volume 1, Chapter 3.3;
Ikp BTS is the maximum peak current value of the BTS (see Tables 4 and 5).
no
1SDC010017F0201
yes
END
90
91
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Table 4: Values of the withstood energy and peak current of copper BTS
Size
Type
25
25
25
40
40
40
40
63
100
160
160
160
160
160
250
250
250
250
250
250
315
315
350
350
350
350
400
400
500
500
500
500
630
630
700
700
I2tph
[(kA)2s]
0.48
0.64
0.64
0.73
1
1
7.29
7.29
20.25
30.25
100
100
100
100
312.5
312.5
169
169
169
169
312.5
312.5
169
169
169
169
900
900
756.25
756.25
756.25
756.25
1296
1296
756.25
756.25
I2tN
[(kA)2s]
0.48
0.64
0.64
0.73
1
1
7.29
7.29
20.25
30.25
60
100
100
100
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
540
900
453.75
756.25
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
453.75
756.25
I2tPE
[(kA)2s]
0.48
0.64
0.64
0.73
1
1
7.29
7.29
20.25
30.25
60
100
100
100
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
540
900
453.75
756.25
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
453.75
756.25
Ipeakph
[kA]
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
17
17
17
17
52.5
52.5
26
26
26
26
52.5
52.5
26
26
26
26
63
63
58
58
58
58
75.6
75.6
58
58
IpeakN
[kA]
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
31.5
31.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
31.5
31.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
37.8
37.8
34.8
34.8
34.8
34.8
45.4
45.4
34.8
34.8
92
Size
Type
700
700
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2400
2500
2500
3000
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
5000
5000
I2tph
[(kA)2s]
756.25
756.25
1296
1296
3969
756.25
756.25
756.25
756.25
1296
1296
3969
1600
1024
1024
1024
1024
7744
7744
2500
7744
7744
2500
7744
3600
7744
7744
4900
30976
8100
30976
8100
30976
8100
30976
10000
I2tN
[(kA)2s]
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
3969
453.75
756.25
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
3969
1600
614.4
1024
1024
1024
7744
7744
2500
7744
7744
2500
7744
3600
7744
7744
4900
30976
8100
30976
8100
30976
8100
30976
10000
I2tPE
[(kA)2s]
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
2381.4
453.75
756.25
756.25
756.25
777.6
1296
2381.4
960
614.4
1024
1024
1024
4646.4
4646.4
1500
4646.4
4646.4
1500
4646.4
2160
4646.4
4646.4
2940
18585.6
4860
18585.6
4860
18585.6
4860
18585.6
6000
Ipeakph
[kA]
58
58
75.6
75.6
139
58
58
58
58
75.6
75.6
139
84
60
60
60
60
194
194
105
194
194
105
194
132
194
194
154
387
198
387
198
387
198
387
220
IpeakN
[kA]
34.8
34.8
45.4
45.4
83.4
34.8
34.8
34.8
34.8
45.4
45.4
83.4
50.4
36
36
36
36
116.4
116.4
63
116.4
116.4
63
116.4
79.2
116.4
116.4
92.4
232.2
118.8
232.2
118.8
232.2
118.8
232.2
132
93
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
Type
160
160
160
160
160
160
250
250
250
250
250
250
315
315
315
315
315
315
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
630
630
630
MR 160A 4 cond. Al
MRf 160A 5 cond. Al
SB4 160A 4 cond. Al
SB5 160A 5 cond. Al
SB6 160A 5 cond. Al
SB7 160A 4 cond. Al
MR 250A 4 cond. Al
MRf 250A 5 cond. Al
SB4 250A 4 cond. Al
SB5 250A 5 cond. Al
SB6 250A 5 cond. Al
SB7 250A 4 cond. Al
MR 315A 4 cond. Al
MRf 315A 5 cond. Al
SB4 315A 4 cond. Al
SB5 315A 5 cond. Al
SB6 315A 5 cond. Al
SB7 315A 4 cond. Al
MR 400A 4 cond. Al
MRf 400A 5 cond. Al
SB4 400A 4 cond. Al
SB5 400A 5 cond. Al
SB6 400A 5 cond. Al
SB7 400A 4 cond. Al
SB4 500A 4 cond. Al
SB5 500A 5 cond. Al
SB6 500A 5 cond. Al
SB7 500A 4 cond. Al
MR 630A 4 cond. Al
MRf 630A 5 cond. Al
SC 630A 4 cond. Al
I2tph
[(kA)2s]
112.5
112.5
100
100
100
100
312.5
312.5
169
169
169
169
625
625
169
169
169
169
900
900
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
625
1296
1296
1444
I2tN
[(kA)2s]
67.5
112.5
60
100
100
100
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
375
625
101.4
169
169
169
540
900
375
625
625
625
375
625
625
625
777.6
1296
1444
I2tPE
[(kA)2s]
67.5
112.5
60
100
100
100
187.5
312.5
101.4
169
169
169
375
625
101.4
169
169
169
540
900
375
625
625
625
375
625
625
625
777.6
1296
866.4
Ipeakph
[kA]
30
30
17
17
17
17
52.5
52.5
26
26
26
26
52.5
52.5
26
26
26
26
63
63
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
52.5
75.6
75.6
80
IpeakN
[kA]
18
18
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
31.5
31.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
31.5
31.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
37.8
37.8
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
31.5
45.4
45.4
48
94
Size
Type
630
630
630
630
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1200
1250
1250
1500
1600
1600
2000
2000
2250
2400
2500
2500
3000
3200
3200
4000
4000
4500
I2tph
[(kA)2s]
1024
1024
1024
1024
1296
1296
1764
1024
1024
1024
1024
6400
1600
6400
6400
2500
6400
6400
2500
6400
3600
4900
25600
25600
8100
25600
25600
8100
25600
8100
10000
I2tN
[(kA)2s]
614.4
1024
1024
1024
777.6
1296
1764
614.4
1024
1024
1024
6400
1600
6400
6400
2500
6400
6400
2500
6400
3600
4900
25600
25600
8100
25600
25600
8100
25600
8100
10000
I2tPE
[(kA)2s]
614.4
1024
1024
1024
777.6
1296
1058.4
614.4
1024
1024
1024
3840
960
3840
3840
1500
3840
3840
1500
3840
2160
2940
15360
15360
4860
15360
15360
4860
15360
4860
6000
Ipeakph
[kA]
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
75.6
75.6
88
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
176
84
176
176
105
176
176
105
176
132
154
352
352
198
352
352
198
352
198
220
IpeakN
[kA]
40.5
40.5
40.5
40.5
45.4
45.4
52.8
40.5
40.5
40.5
40.5
105.6
50.4
105.6
105.6
63
105.6
105.6
63
105.6
79.2
92.4
211.2
211.2
118.8
211.2
211.2
118.8
211.2
118.8
132
95
2 Protection of feeders
2 Protection of feeders
If the outgoing feeder, which generally consists of cable duct, is not already
protected against short-circuit and overload by the device located upstream of
the cable, the following measures shall be taken:
Type of
supply
From one end only
Arrangement
of loads
Load concentrated at the end
Evenly distributed load
Evenly distributed load
Load concentrated at the ends
Evenly distributed load
Current distribution
factor
1
0.5
0.25
0.25
0.125
u% =
u .
100
Ur
(7)
Voltage drop
Calculation of voltage drop for unevenly distributed loads
If a BTS is particularly long, the value of the voltage drop must be verified.
For three-phase systems with a power factor (cosm) not lower than 0.8, the
voltage drop can be calculated by using the following simplified formula:
u=
a . 3 . Ib . L. ( rt . cos
1000
+ x . sin
If the loads cannot be considered to be evenly distributed, the voltage drop can
be calculated more accurately by using the formulas below.
L3
L2
[V]
L1
(6a)
u=
a . 2 . Ib . L. ( rt . cos m + x . sin
1000
[V]
(6b)
l1
l2
L
where:
a is the current distribution factor, which depends on the circuit supply and
the arrangement of the electric loads along the BTS, as shown in Table 6:
96
For the distribution of the three-phase loads shown in the figure, the voltage
drop can be calculated by the following formula if the BTS has a constant cross
section (as usual):
l3
+ I 3 L3 cos
) + x( I 1L1 sin
+ I 2 L2 sin
+ I 3 L3 sin
)]
97
1SDC010015F0001
2 Protection of feeders
Generally speaking, this formula becomes:
3 rt .
I i . Li . cos mi + x .
1000
I i . Li . sin
Introduction
mi
[V]
(8)
where:
rt is the phase resistance per unit of length of BTS, measured under thermal
steady-state conditions [m/m];
x is the phase reactance per unit of length of BTS [m/m];
cosm is average power factor of the i-th load;
Ii is i-th load current [A];
Li is the distance of the i-th load from the beginning of the BTS [m].
Upon supply of a lighting installation, for a brief period an initial current exceeding
the rated current (corresponding to the power of the lamps) circulates on the
network. This possible peak has a value of approximately 1520 times the
rated current, and is present for a few milliseconds; there may also be an inrush
current with a value of approximately 1.53 times the rated current, lasting up
to some minutes. The correct dimensioning of the switching and protection
devices must take these problems into account.
I [A]
Joule-effect losses
Joule-effect losses are due to the electrical resistance of the BTS.
The losses are dissipated in heat and contribute to the heating of the trunking
and of the environment. Calculation of power losses is useful for correctly
dimensioning the air-conditioning system for the building.
Three-phase losses are:
Pj =
Peak
I [A]
1520 In
3 . rt . I b2 . L
[W] (9a)
1000
Inrush
1.53 In
In
2 . rt . I b2 . L
[W] (9b)
Pj =
1000
where:
Ib is the current used [A];
rt is the phase resistance per unit of length of BTS measured under thermal
steady-state conditions [m/m];
L is the length of BTS [m].
For accurate calculations, losses must be assessed section by section on the
basis of the currents flowing through them; e.g. in the case of distribution of
loads shown in the previous figure:
1 section
2 section
3 section
Total losses in BTS
Length
L1
L2-L1
L3-L2
Current
I1+I2+I3
I2+I3
I3
Losses
P1=3rtL1(I1+I2+I3)2
P2=3rt(L2-L1)(I2+I3)2
P3=3rt(L3-L2)(I3)2
Ptot=P1+P2+P3
98
Time [milliseconds]
3- 5 min.
Time [minutes]
Incandescent lamps
Incandescent lamps are made up of a glass bulb containing a vacuum or inert
gas and a tungsten filament. The current flows through this filament, heating it
until light is emitted.
The electrical behaviour of these lamps involves a high peak current, equal to
approximately 15 times the rated current; after a few milliseconds the current
returns to the rated value. The peak is caused by the lamp filament which,
initially cold, presents a very low electrical resistance. Subsequently, due to the
very fast heating of the element, the resistance value increases considerably,
causing the decrease in the current absorbed.
99
1SDC010003F0901
u =
Halogen lamps
Halogen lamps are a special type of incandescent lamp in which the gas
contained within the bulb prevents the vaporized material of the tungsten filament
from depositing on the surface of the bulb and forces re-deposition on the
filament. This phenomenon slows the deterioration of the filament, improves
the quality of the light emitted and increases the life of the lamp.
The electrical behaviour of these lamps is the same as that of incandescent
lamps.
Fluorescent lamps
Fluorescent lamps are a so-called discharge light source. The light is produced
by a discharge within a transparent enclosure (glass, quartz, etc. depending on
the type of lamp) which contains mercury vapour at low pressure.
Once the discharge has started, the gas within the enclosure emits energy in
the ultraviolet range which strikes the fluorescent material; in turn, this material
transforms the ultraviolet radiation into radiation which has a wavelength within
the visible spectrum. The colour of the light emitted depends upon the fluorescent
material used.
The discharge is created by an appropriate peak in voltage, generated by a
starter. Once the lamp has been switched on, the gas offers an ever lower
resistance, and it is necessary to stabilize the intensity of the current, using a
controller (reactor); this lowers the power factor to approximately 0.40.6;
normally a capacitor is added to increase the power factor to a value of more
than 0.9
There are two types of controllers, magnetic (conventional) and electronic, which
absorb from 10% to 20% of the rated power of the lamp. Electronic controllers
offer specific advantages such as a saving in the energy absorbed, a lower
dissipation of heat, and ensure a stable, flicker-free light. Some types of
fluorescent lamps with electronic reactors do not need a starter.
Compact fluorescent lamps are made up of a folded tube and a plastic base
which contains, in some cases, a conventional or electronic controller.
The value of the inrush current depends upon the presence of a power factor
correction capacitor:
- non PFC lamps have inrush currents equal to approximately twice the rated
current and a turn-on time of about ten seconds;
- in PFC lamps, the presence of the capacitor allows the reduction of the turnon time to a few seconds, but requires a high peak current, determined by
the charge of the capacitor, which can reach 20 times the rated current.
If the lamp is fitted with an electronic controller, the initial transient current may
lead to peak currents equal to, at maximum, 10 times the rated current.
100
Lamp type
Incandescent lamps
Halogen lamps
Fluorescent
lamp
High intensity
discharge lamps
Non PFC
PFC
Non PFC
PFC
Peak current
15In
15In
20In
20In
Inrush current
2In
2In
2In
Turn-on time
10 s
16 s
28 min
28 min
101
For the selection of a protection device the following verifications shall be carried
out:
- the trip characteristic curve shall be above the turning-on characteristic curve
of the lighting device to avoid unwanted trips; an approximate example is
shown in Figure1;
[t]
Contactor Icw
With reference to the above verification criteria, the following tables show the
maximum number of lamps per phase which can be controlled by the
combination of ABB circuit breakers and contactors for some types of lamps,
according to their power and absorbed current Ib1 , for three phase installations
with a rated voltage of 400 V and a maximum short-circuit current of 15 kA.
1
Turning-on characteristics
[A]
1SDC010004F0901
- coordination shall exist with the contactor under short-circuit conditions (lighting
installations are not generally characterized by overloads).
Circuit-breaker characteristics
Ik= 15 kA
Incandescent/halogen lamps
Circuit-Breaker type
S270 D20
S270 D32
S270 D50
T2N160R63
T2N160R63
T2N160R100
T2N160R100
T2N160R100
T2N160R160
Setting PR221 DS
----
----
----
----
----
L= 0.68- A S= 8- B
L= 0.92- A S= 10- B
L= 0.68- A S= 8- B
L= 0.76- A S= 8- B
L= 1- A S= 10- B
L= 0.68- A S= 7- B
Contactor type
A26
A26
A26
A26
A30
A40
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
60
0.27
57
65
70
103
142
155
220
246
272
355
390
100
0.45
34
38
42
62
85
93
132
147
163
210
240
200
0.91
17
19
20
30
42
46
65
73
80
105
120
300
1.37
11
12
13
20
28
30
43
48
53
70
80
500
2.28
12
16
18
26
29
32
42
48
1000
4.55
13
14
16
21
24
102
1SDC010032F0201
103
Ik= 15 kA
Fluorescent lamps non PFC
S270 D16
S270 D32
S270 D40
S270 D50
S270 D63
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R160
L= 0.68- A S= 10- B
L= 0.76- A S= 10- B
L= 0.96- A- S= 10- B
S= 0.68- A S= 10- B
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
Setting PR221 DS
Contactor type
A26
A26
A26
A26
A30
A40
N lamps per phase
20
0.38
40
44
50
73
100
110
157
173
192
250
278
40
0.45
33
37
42
62
84
93
133
145
162
210
234
65
0.7
21
24
27
40
54
60
85
94
104
135
150
80
0.8
18
21
23
35
47
52
75
82
91
118
132
100
1.15
13
14
16
24
33
36
52
57
63
82
92
110
1.2
12
14
15
23
31
35
50
55
60
79
88
Ur= 400 V
1SDC010033F0201
Circuit-Breaker type
Ik= 15 kA
Fluorescent lamps PFC
Circuit-Breaker type
S270 D25
S270 D40
S270 D63
T2N160 R63
T2N160 R63
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
Setting PR221 DS
---
---
---
---
---
L= 0.68- A S= 8- B
L= 1- A S= 10- B
L= 0.68- A S= 10- B
L= 0.76- A S= 10- B
L= 0.96- A S= 10- B
A26
A26
A26
A26
A30
A40
A50
A63
A75
A95
Contactor type
Capacitor [F]
20
0.18
83
94
105
155
215
233
335
360
400
530
40
0.26
58
65
75
107
150
160
230
255
280
365
65
0.42
35
40
45
66
92
100
142
158
173
225
80
0.52
28
32
36
53
74
80
115
126
140
180
100
0.65
16
23
26
29
43
59
64
92
101
112
145
110
0.7
18
21
24
27
40
55
59
85
94
104
135
104
105
Ik= 15 kA
Fluorescent lamps non PFC
Circuit-Breaker type
S270D16
S270D2
S270D20
S270D32
S270D40
S270D40
S270D50
S270D63
Setting PR221 DS
Contactor type
A26
A26
A26
A26
A30
T2N160 R160
L= 0.8- B S= 6.5- B
A63
A75
A95
A110
17
23
26
29
38
41
10
14
16
17
23
25
10
12
15
17
11
12
S270D20
S270D20
S270D32
S270D40
S270D40
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R100
T2N160 R160
T2N160 R160
---
---
---
---
---
L= 0.8- B S= 6.5- B
L= 0.88- B S= 6.5- B
L= 1- B S= 6.5- B
A26
A26
A26
A30
A40
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
150
1.8
11
15
250
400
4.4
600
6.2
1000
10.3
Circuit-Breaker type
S270D16
Setting PR221 DS
--A26
Ur= 400 V
T2N160 R100
L= 1- B S= 8- B
A50
A40
T2N160 R100
L= 0.8- B S= 6.5- B
Ik= 15 kA
Fluorescent lamps PFC
Capacitor [F]
150
20
13
14
15
23
28
30
50
58
63
81
88
250
1.5
36
10
15
18
20
33
38
42
54
59
400
2.5
48
11
12
20
23
25
32
36
600
3.3
65
15
17
19
24
27
1000
6.2
100
10
13
14
1SDC010034F0201
Contactor type
Example:
Switching and protection of a lighting system, supplied by a three phase network
at 400 V 15 kA, made up of 55 incandescent lamps, of 200 W each, per phase.
In table 1, on the row corresponding to 200 W, select the cell showing the
number of controllable lamps immediately above the number of lamps per phase
present in the installation. In the specific case, corresponding to the cell for 65
lamps per phase the following equipment are suggested:
- ABB Tmax T2N160 R63 circuit breaker with PR221/DS type electronic release,
with protection L set at 0.92, curve A and protection S set at 10, curve B;
- A50 contactor.
106
107
Ikg =
X 'd' %
where
Irg is the rated current of the generator:
Irg =
Unlike the public supply network, which has a constant contribution, in case of
a short-circuit, the current supplied by the generator is a function of the
parameters of the machine itself, and decreases with time; it is possible to
identify the following successive phases:
1. a subtransient phase: with a brief duration (1050 ms), characterized
by the subtransient reactance Xd (520% of the rated impedance value),
and by the subtransient time constant Td (530 ms);
2. a transitory phase: may last up to some seconds (0.52.5 s), and is
characterized by the transitory reactance Xd (1540% of the rated
impedance value), and by the transitory time constant Td (0.032.5 s);
3. a synchronous phase: may persist until the tripping of external protection,
and is characterized by the synchronous reactance Xd (80300% of
the rated impedance value).
t [s]
Irg . 100
Srg
3 . Ur
The circuit breaker for the protection of the generator shall be selected according
to the following criteria:
the set current higher than the rated current of the generator: I1 Irg;
breaking capacity Icu or Ics higher than the maximum value of short-circuit
current at the installation point:
- in the case of a single generator: Icu(Ics) Ikg;
- in the case of n identical generators in parallel: Icu(Ics) Ikg(n-1);
- in the case of operation in parallel with the network: Icu(Ics) IkNet,
as the short-circuit contribution from the network is normally
greater than the contribution from the generator;
for circuit breakers with thermomagnetic releases: low magnetic trip threshold:
I3 =2.5/3In;
for circuit breakers with electronic releases:
- trip threshold of the delayed short-circuit protection function (S), set
between 1.5 and 4 times the rated current of the generator, in such
away as to intercept the decrement curve of the generator:
I2 = (1.54)Irg; if the function S is not present, function I can be set
at the indicated values I3 = (1.54)Irg;
- trip threshold of the instantaneous short-circuit protection function
(I) set at a value greater than the rated short-circuit current of the
generator, so as to achieve discrimination with the devices installed
downstream, and to allow fast tripping in the event of a short-circuit
upstream of the device (working in parallel with other generators or
with the network):
101
Synchronous
phase
1
Transient
phase
I 3Cb I kg
10-1
Subtransient
phase
10-3
1SDC010018F0201
10-2
10
102
x Irg
108
109
The following tables give ABB SACE suggestions for the protection and switching
of generators; the tables refer to 400 V (Table 1), 440 V (Table 2), 500 V (Table 3)
and 690 V (Table 4).
4
6
7
9
11
14
17
19
21
22
28
31
35
38
42
44
48
55
69
80
87
100
111
138
159
173
180
190
208
218
242
277
308
311
346
381
415
436
484
554
692
727
865
1107
1730
2180
2214
2250
2500
2800
3150
3500
MCB
MCCB
ACB
S20L/S250 B6
S20L/S250 B10
S20L/S250 B13
S20L/S250 B16
T2 160 I=10
T2 160 I=25
S20L/S250 B25
S20L/S250 B32
S20L/S250 B50
T2 160 I=63
S20L/S250 B63
S280 B80
T2 160 I=100
S280 B100
T2 160 I=160
T2 160/S4 160
S4 250
S3 250
S4 250
S5 320
S5 400
S5 630
S6 630
S6 800
S6 800
S7 1250
E1/E2 1250
S7 1250
S7 1600
S8 3200
E2/E3 1600
E2/E3 2000
E3 3200
E3 3200/E4 4000
E4 4000
E6 5000/6300
Table 2
Table 3
440 V
S rg [kVA]
MCB
4
6
7
9
11
14
17
19
21
22
28
31
35
38
42
44
48
55
69
80
87
100
111
138
159
173
180
190
208
218
242
277
308
311
346
381
415
436
484
554
692
727
865
1107
1730
2180
2214
2250
2500
2800
3150
3500
S20L/S250 B6
S20L/S250 B8
S20L/S250 B10
S20L/S250 B13
S20L/S250 B16
S20L/S250 B20
S20L/S250 B25
MCCB
S rg [kVA]
ACB
T2 160 I=10
T2 160 I=25
S20L/S250 B32
S20L/S250 B40
S20L/S250 B50
T2 160 I=63
S20L/S250 B63
S280 B80
S280 B100
T2 160 I=100
T2 160 I=160
T2 160 I=160
S4 160
S4 250
S3 250
S4 250
S5 320
S5 400
S5 630
S6 630
S6 800
S6 800
S7 1000
S7 1000
S7 1250
S7 1600
E1/E2 1250
E2/E3 1600
E3 2500
S8 3200
E3 3200
E4 3600
E4 4000
E6 5000/6300
4
6
7
9
11
14
17
19
21
22
28
31
35
38
42
44
48
55
69
80
87
100
111
138
159
173
180
190
208
218
242
277
308
311
346
381
415
436
484
554
692
727
865
1107
1730
2180
2214
2250
2500
2800
3150
3500
500 V
MCB
MCCB
ACB
Srg [kVA]
690 V
MCB
4
6
7
9
11
14
17
19
21
22
28
31
35
38
42
44
48
55
69
80
87
100
111
138
159
173
180
190
208
218
242
277
308
311
346
381
415
436
T2 160 I=10
T2 160 I=25
T2 160 I=63
T2 160 I=100
T2 160 I=160
S3 250
S4 250
S4 250
S5 320
S5 400
S5 630
S6 630
S6 800
S6 800
S7 1000
Table 4
484
E1/E2 1250
S7 1250
S7 1600
S8 2500
E2/E3 1600
E3 2500
S8 3200
E3 3200
E4 4000
E6 5000/6300
554
692
727
865
1107
1730
2180
2214
2250
2500
2800
3150
3500
MCCB
ACB
T2 160 I=10
T2 160 I=25
T2 160 I=63
T2 160 I=100
T2 160 I=160
S4 160
S4 160
S4 250
S5 320
S5 400
S5 630
S6 630
S5 630
S6 630
S6 800
S6 800
S7 1000
S7 1600
S8 2500
E1 800
E1/E2 1250
E2/E3 1600
1SDC010017F0001
Srg [kVA]
400 V
1SDC010016F0001
Table 1
E2 2000
E3 2500
E3 2500
S8 3200
E3 3200
Note: It is always advisable to check that the settings of the releases are correct with respect to the
effective decrement curve of the current of the generator to be protected.
110
111
Example:
Protection of a generator with Srg = 100 kVA, in a system with a rated voltage
of 440 V
The generator parameters are:
Ur = 440 V
Srg = 100 kVA
f = 50 Hz
Irg = 131.2 A
Xd = 6.5 % (subtransient reactance)
Xd = 17.6 % (transient reactance)
Xd = 230 % (synchronous reactance)
Td = 5.5 ms (subtransient time constant)
Td = 39.3 ms (transient time constant)
From table 2, an ABB SACE T2N160 circuit-breaker is selected, with In = 160
A, with electronic release PR221-LS. For correct protection of the generator,
the following settings are selected:
function L: 0.84 A, corresponding to 134.4 A, value greater than Irg .
function I: 1.5
Electromechanical starter
The starter is designed to:
- start motors;
- ensure continuous functioning of motors;
- disconnect motors from the supply line;
- guarantee protection of motors against working overloads.
The starter is typically made up of a switching device (contactor) and an overload
protection device (thermal release).
The two devices must be coordinated with equipment capable of providing
protection against short-circuit (typically a circuit breaker with magnetic release
only), which is not necessarily part of the starter.
The characteristics of the starter must comply with the international Standard
IEC 60947-4-1, which defines the above as follows:
Contactor: a mechanical switching device having only one position of rest,
operated otherwise than by hand, capable of making, carrying and breaking
currents under normal circuit conditions including operating overload conditions.
Thermal release: thermal overload relay or release which operates in the case
of overload and also in case of loss of phase.
Time-Current Curves
10 4 s
10 3 s
T2 160
The main types of motor which can be operated and which determine the
characteristics of the starter are defined by the following utilization categories:
10 2 s
10 1 s
Current type
100 kVA generator
decrement curve
AC-2
1SDC010019F0201
10-1s
10-2s
10-1kA
1kA
Utilization categories
Alternating Current ac
AC-3
AC-4
Typical applications
Slip-ring motors: starting,
switching off
Squirrel-cage motors: starting,
switching off during running(1)
Squirrel-cage motors: starting,
plugging, inching
(1)
AC-3 categories may be used for occasionally inching or plugging for limited time periods
such as machine set-up; during such limited time periods the number of such operations
should not exceed five per minutes or more than ten in a 10 minutes period.
101kA
112
113
The choice of the starting method and also, if necessary, of the type of motor to
be used depends on the typical resistant torque of the load and on the shortcircuit power of the motor supplying network.
With alternating current, the most commonly used motor types are as follows:
- asynchronous three-phase squirrel-cage motors (AC-3): the most widespread
type due to the fact that they are of simple construction, economical and
sturdy; they develop high torque with short acceleration times, but require
elevated starting currents;
- slip-ring motors (AC-2): characterized by less demanding starting conditions,
and have quite a high starting torque, even with a supply network of low
power.
Star-Delta starter
The most common reduced voltage starter is the Star-Delta starter (Y-), in
which:
- on starting, the stator windings are star-connected, thus achieving the
reduction of peak inrush current;
- once the normal speed of the motor is nearly reached, the switchover to delta
is carried out.
After the switchover, the current and the torque follow the progress of the curves
associated with normal service connections (delta).
Starting methods
As can be easily checked, starting the motor with star-connection gives a voltage
reduction of 3, and the current absorbed from the line is reduced by 1/3
compared with that absorbed with delta-connection.
The start-up torque, proportional to the square of the voltage, is reduced by 3
times, compared with the torque that the same motor would supply when delta-connected.
This method is generally applied to motors with power from 15 to 355 kW, but
intended to start with a low initial resistant torque.
MCCB
KL
K
KY
1SDC010019F0001
TOR
MCCB
Motor
KL
Starting sequence
1SDC010018F0001
TOR
Motor
114
By pressing the start button, contactors KL and KY are closed. The timer starts
to measure the start time with the motor connected in star. Once the set time
has elapsed, the first contact of the timer opens the KY contactor and the
second contact, delayed by approximately 50 ms, closes the K contactor.
With this new configuration, contactors KL and K closed, the motor becomes
delta-connected.
115
The thermal release TOR, inserted in the delta circuit, can detect any 3rd harmonic
currents, which may occur due to saturation of the magnetic pack and by
adding to the fundamental current, overload the motor without involving the line.
Therefore, the motor starts at a reduced voltage, and when it has reached
approximately 80% of its normal speed, contactor K1 is opened and main
contactor K3 is closed. Subsequently, contactor K2 is opened, excluding the
autotransformer so as to supply the full network voltage.
With reference to the connection diagram, the equipment used for a Star/Delta
starter must be able to carry the following currents:
Ir
3
Ir
3
KY star contactor
Ir
3
MCCB
K2
K1
K2
K1
K3
TOR
Motor
116
1SDC010021F0001
1SDC010020F0001
Inductance
TOR
Motor
In compliance with the above mentioned Standard, starters can also be classified
according to tripping time (trip classes), and according to the type of coordination
achieved with the short-circuit protection device (Type 1 and Type 2).
117
Trip classes
The trip classes differentiate between the thermal releases according to their
trip curve.
The trip classes are defined in the following table 2:
where Tp is the cold trip time of the thermal release at 7.2 times the set current
value (for example: a release in class 10 at 7.2 times the set current value must
not trip within 4 s, but must trip within 10 s).
It is normal procedure to associate class 10 with a normal start-up type, and
class 30 with a heavy duty start-up type.
Coordination type
Type 1
It is acceptable that in the case of short-circuit the contactor and the thermal
release may be damaged. The starter may still not be able to function and must
be inspected; if necessary, the contactor and/or the thermal release must be
replaced, and the breaker release reset.
Type 2
In the case of short-circuit, the thermal release must not be damaged, while
the welding of the contactor contacts is allowed, as they can easily be separated
(with a screwdriver, for example), without any significant deformation.
In order to clearly determine a coordination type, and therefore the equipment
necessary to achieve it, the following must be known:
power of the motor in kW and type;
rated system voltage;
rated motor current;
short-circuit current at installation point;
starting type: DOL or Y/ - normal or heavy duty Type 1 or Type 2.
Contactor
MCCB
Pe
Ir
Type
[kW]
0.37
0.55
0.75
1.1
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
290
315
355
[A]
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.8
3.5
5
6.6
8.6
11.5
15.2
22
28.5
36
42
56
68
83
98
135
58
193
232
282
349
430
520
545
610
T2N160 MF1.6
T2N160 MF1.6
T2N160 MF 2
T2N160 MF 3.2
T2N160 MF 4
T2N160 MF 5
T2N160 MF 8.5
T2N160 MF 11
T2N160 MF 12.5
T2N160 MA 20
T2N160 MA 32
T2N160 MA 52
T2N160 MA 52
T2N160 MA 52
T2N160 MA 80
T2N160 MA 80
T2N160 MA 100
T3N250 MA 160
T3N250 MA 200
T3N250 MA 200
S4N250 PR211-I In250
S5N400 PR211-I In320
S5N400 PR211-I In400
S6N630 PR211-I In630
S6N630 PR211-I In630
S6N800 PR211-I In800
S6N800 PR211-I In800
S6N800 PR211-I In800
I3
[A]
21
21
26
42
52
65
110
145
163
210
288
392
469
547
840
960
1200
1440
1800
2400
3000
3840
4800
6300
7560
8000
9600
9600
Type
A9
A9
A9
A9
A16
A26
A26
A30
A30
A30
A30
A50
A50
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
A145
A185
A210
A260
A300
AF400
AF580
AF580
AF580
AF750
[A]
1
1.4
1.3 1.8
1.7 2.4
2.8
4
3.5
5
4.5 6.5
6
8.5
7.5 11
10 14
13 19
18 25
29 42
36 52
36 52
60 80
60 80
80 110
80 110
130 175
150 200
165 235
220 310
220 310
150 500
150 500
250 800
250 800
250 800
1SDC010020F0201
118
119
Pe [kW]
MCCB
Ir [A]
Contactor
I3
LINE
DELTA
[A]
Type
Type
Type
18.5
36
T2N160 MA52
469
A50
A50
A26
TA75DU25
18-25
22
42
T2N160 MA52
547
A50
A50
A26
TA75DU32
22-32
30
56
T2N160 MA80
720
A63
A63
A30
TA75DU42
29-42
Type
Motor
Contactor
MCCB
STAR *
Type
[A]
37
68
T2N160 MA80
840
A75
A75
A30
TA75DU52
36-52
45
83
T2N160 MA100
1050
A75
A75
A30
TA75DU63
45 - 63
55
98
T2N160 MA100
1200
A75
A75
A40
TA75DU63
45 - 63
75
135
T3N250 MA160
1700
A95
A95
A75
TA110DU90
66 - 90
90
158
T3N250 MA200
2000
A110
A110
A95
TA110DU110
80 - 110
110
193
T3N250 MA200
2400
A145
A145
A95
TA200DU135
100 - 135
132
232
3000
A145
A145
A110
TA200DU175
130 - 175
160
282
4000
A210
A210
A145
TA200DU175
130 - 175
200
349
4800
A210
A210
A185
TA450DU235
165 - 235
250
430
6300
AF400
AF400
A210
E500DU500
150 - 500
290
520
7560
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
315
545
7560
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
355
610
8000
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
1SDC010021F0201
MOTOR
Pe
Ir
Type
I3
Type
[kW]
0.37
0.55
0.75
1.1
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
290
315
355
[A]
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.8
3.5
5
6.6
8.6
11.5
15.2
22
28.5
36
42
56
68
83
98
135
158
193
232
282
349
430
520
545
610
T2S160 MF 1.6
T2S160 MF 1.6
T2S160 MF 2
T2S160 MF 3.2
T2S160 MF 4
T2S160 MF 5
T2S160 MF 8.5
T2S160 MF 11
T2S160 MF 12.5
T2S160 MA 20
T2S160 MA 32
T2S160 MA 52
T2S160 MA 52
T2S160 MA 52
T2S160 MA 80
T2S160 MA 80
T2S160 MA 100
T3S250 MA 160
T3S250 MA 200
T3S250 MA 200
S4H250 PR211-I In250
S5H400 PR211-I In320
S5H400 PR211-I In400
S6S630 PR211-I In630
S6S630 PR211-I In630
S6S800 PR211-I In800
S6S800 PR211-I In800
S6S800 PR211-I In800
[A]
21
21
26
42
52
65
110
145
163
210
288
392
469
547
840
960
1200
1440
1800
2400
3000
3840
4800
6300
7560
8000
9600
9600
A9
A9
A9
A9
A16
A26
A26
A30
A30
A30
A30
A50
A50
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
A145
A185
A210
A260
A300
AF400
AF580
AF580
AF580
AF750
[A]
1
1.4
1.3 1.8
1.7 2.4
2.8
4
3.5
5
4.5 6.5
6
8.5
7.5 11
10 14
13 19
18 25
29 42
36 52
36 52
60 80
60 80
80 110
80 110
130 175
150 200
165 235
220 310
220 310
150 500
150 500
250 800
250 800
250 800
1SDC010022F0201
120
121
Ir [A]
Type
Contactor
Motor
I3
LINE
DELTA
STAR *
[A]
Type
Type
Type
Type
MCCB
Contactor
[A]
18,5
36
T2S160 MA52
469
A50
A50
A26
TA75DU25
18-25
22
42
T2S160 MA52
547
A50
A50
A26
TA75DU32
22-32
30
56
T2S160 MA80
720
A63
A63
A30
TA75DU42
29-42
37
68
T2S160 MA80
840
A75
A75
A30
TA75DU52
36-52
45
83
T2S160 MA100
1050
A75
A75
A30
TA75DU63
45 - 63
55
98
T2S160 MA100
1200
A75
A75
A40
TA75DU63
45 - 63
75
135
T3S250 MA160
1700
A95
A95
A75
TA110DU90
66 - 90
90
158
T3S250 MA200
2000
A110
A110
A95
TA110DU110
80 - 110
110
193
T3S250 MA200
2400
A145
A145
A95
TA200DU135
100 - 135
132
232
3000
A145
A145
A110
TA200DU175
130 - 175
160
282
4000
A210
A210
A145
TA200DU175
130 - 175
200
349
4800
A210
A210
A185
TA450DU235
165 - 235
250
430
6300
AF400
AF400
A210
E500DU500
150 - 500
290
520
7560
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
315
545
7560
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
355
610
8000
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
Pe
Ir
[kW]
0.37
0.55
0.75
1.1
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
290
315
355
[A]
1
1.4
1.7
2.2
3
4.4
5.7
7.8
10.5
13.5
19
26
32
38
52
63
75
90
120
147
177
212
260
320
410
448
500
549
Type
I3
Type
T2H160 MF 1
T2H160 MF 1.6
T2H160 MF 2
T2H160 MF 2.5
T2H160 MF 3.2
T2H160 MF 5
T2H160 MF 6.5
T2H160 MF 8.5
T2H160 MF 11
T2H160 MA 20
T2H160 MA 32
T2H160 MA 32
T2H160 MA 52
T2H160 MA 52
T2H160 MA 80
T2H160 MA 80
T2H160 MA 100
S3H160 In125 *
S3H250 In200 *
S3H250 In200 *
S4H250 PR211-I In250
S5H400 PR211-I In320
S5H400 PR211-I In400
S5H400 PR211-I In400
S6H630 PR211-I In630
S6H630 PR211-I In630
S6H800 PR211-I In800
S6H800 PR211-I In800
[A]
13
21
26
33
42
65
84
110
145
180
240
336
469
547
720
840
1050
1400
1920
2300
3000
3200
4000
4800
6300
7560
8000
9600
A9
A9
A9
A9
A16
A26
A26
A30
A30
A30
A30
A50
A50
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
A145
A185
A210
A260
A300
AF 400
AF 580
AF 580
AF 580
AF 580
Type
TA25DU1.4
TA25DU1.8
TA25DU2.4
TA25DU3.1
TA25DU4
TA25DU5
TA25DU6.5
TA25DU11
TA25DU14
TA25DU19
TA42DU25
TA75DU32
TA75DU42
TA75DU52
TA75DU63
TA75DU80
TA110DU90
TA110DU110
TA200DU135
TA200DU175
TA450DU235
TA450DU235
TA450DU310
E500DU500
E500DU500**
E500DU500**
E800DU800
E800DU800
min max
[A]
1
1.4
1.3 1.8
1.7 2.4
2.2 3.1
2.8
4
3.5
5
4.5 6.5
7.5 11
10 14
13 19
18 25
22 32
29 42
36 52
45 63
60 80
65 90
80 110
100 135
130 175
165 235
165 235
220 310
150 500
150 500
150 500
250 800
250 800
1SDC010024F0201
Pe [kW]
MCCB
1SDC010023F0201
MOTOR
122
123
Ir [A]
Contactor
I3
LINE
DELTA
Contactor
Type
Type
[A]
Type
Type
Type
Type
18.5
32
T2H160 MA52
392
A 50
A 50
A 16
TA75DU25
18-25
22
38
T2H160 MA52
469
A 50
A 50
A 26
TA75DU25
18-25
Type
MCCB
Motor
30
52
T2H160 MA80
720
A 63
A 63
A 26
TA75DU42
29-42
37
63
T2H160 MA80
840
A 75
A 75
A 30
TA75DU42
29-42
45
75
T2H160 MA80
960
A 75
A 75
A30
TA75DU52
36-52
55
90
T2H160 MA100
1150
A 75
A 75
A40
TA75DU63
45 - 63
75
120
S3H250 In200 *
1600
A145
A145
A75
TA80DU80
60 - 80
90
147
S3H250 In200 *
1850
A145
A145
A75
TA200DU110
80 - 110
110
177
2500
A145
A145
A95
TA200DU110
80 - 110
132
212
3000
A145
A145
A110
TA200DU135
100 - 135
160
260
4000
A210
A210
A145
TA200DU175
130 - 175
200
320
4800
A210
A210
A185
TA450DU235
165 - 235
250
410
6300
AF400
AF400
A210
E500DU500
150 - 500
290
448
6300
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
315
500
6300
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
355
549
7560
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
Pe
Ir
I3
[kW]
0.37
0.55
0.75
1.1
1.5
2.2
3
4
5.5
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
290
315
355
[A]
0.88
1.2
1.5
2.2
2.8
4
5.2
6.9
9.1
12.2
17.5
23
29
34
45
56
67
82
110
132
158
192
230
279
335
394
440
483
[A]
13
21
21
33
42
52
84
110
145
163
240
336
392
469
624
840
960
1200
1700
2050
2400
3000
3840
4800
5040
6300
7560
7560
T2L160 MF 1
T2L160 MF 1.6
T2L160 MF 1.6
T2L160 MF 2.5
T2L160 MF 3.2
T2L160 MF 4
T2L160 MF 6.5
T2L160 MF 8.5
T2L160 MF 11
T2L160 MF 12.5
T2L160 MA 20
T2L160 MA 32
T2L160 MA 52
T2L160 MA 52
T2L160 MA 52
T2L160 MA 80
T2L160 MA 80
T2L160 MA 100
S3L250 In200 *
S3L250 In200 *
S3L250 In200 *
S4L250 PR211-I In250
S5L400 PR211-I In320
S5L400 PR211-I In400
S6L630 PR211-I In630
S6L630 PR211-I In630
S6L630 PR211-I In630
S6L630 PR211-I In630
A9
A9
A9
A9
A16
A26
A26
A30
A30
A30
A30
A50
A50
A50
A63
A75
A95
A110
A145
A145
A185
A210
A260
A300
AF 400
AF 580
AF 580
AF 580
TA25DU1.0
TA25DU1.4
TA25DU1.8
TA25DU3.1
TA25DU4
TA25DU5
TA25DU6.5
TA25DU8.5
TA25DU11
TA25DU14
TA25DU19
TA75DU25
TA75DU32
TA75DU42
TA75DU52
TA75DU63
TA80DU80
TA110DU90
TA200DU135
TA200DU150
TA200DU175
TA 450DU235
TA 450DU310
TA 450DU310
E 500DU500
E 500DU500**
E 500DU500**
E 500DU500**
[A]
0.6
1
1
1.4
1.3 1.8
2.2 3.1
2.8
4
3.5
5
4.5 6,5
6
8.5
7,5 11
10
14
13 19
18 25
22 32
29 42
36 52
45 63
60 80
65 90
100 135
110 150
130 175
165 235
220 310
220 310
150 500
150 500
150 500
150 500
1SDC010026F0201
Pe [kW]
MCCB
1SDC010025F0201
MOTOR
124
125
MOTOR
Pe [kW]
Ir [A]
22
34
MCCB
Type
T2L160 MA52
Contactor
MCCB
I3
LINE
DELTA
STAR **
[A]
Type
Type
Type
Type
430
A 50
A 50
A 16
TA75DU25
[A]
18-25
Contactor
Type
l1 range
Current setting
PR212 MP
release I3*
Type
Pe [kW]
Ir [A]
[A]
[A]
56
40 - 100
600
A145
45
T2L160 MA52
547
A 63
A 63
A 26
TA75DU32
22-32
37
56
T2L160 MA80
720
A 75
A 75
A 30
TA75DU42
29-42
37
68
40 - 100
700
A145
45
83
40 - 100
900
A145
55
98
64 - 160
1120
A145
75
135
64 - 160
1440
A145
90
158
80 - 200
1800
A185
110
193
128 - 320
2240
A210
132
232
128 - 320
2560
A260
160
282
128 - 320
2880
AF400**
200
349
256 - 630
3780
AF400
250
430
256 - 630
5040
AF460
290
520
256 - 630
5670
AF580
315
545
256 - 630
5670
AF580
355
610
256 - 630
5670
AF580
45
67
T2L160 MA80
840
A 75
A 75
A30
TA75DU52
36 - 52
55
82
T2L160 MA100
1050
A 75
A 75
A30
TA75DU52
36 - 52
75
110
S3L160 In125 *
1400
A145
A145
A50
TA80DU80
60 - 80
90
132
S3L250 In200 *
1700
A145
A145
A75
TA110DU90
65 - 90
110
158
S3L250 In200 *
2000
A145
A145
A95
TA200DU110
80 - 110
132
192
S3L250 In200 *
2500
A145
A145
A95
TA200DU135
100 - 135
160
230
3000
A145
A145
A110
TA200DU150
110 - 150
200
279
4000
A210
A210
A145
TA200DU175
130 - 175
250
335
4800
A210
A210
A185
TA450DU235
165 - 235
290
394
5040
AF400
AF400
A210
E500DU500
150 - 500
315
440
6300
AF400
AF400
A210
E500DU500
150 - 500
355
483
6300
AF400
AF400
A260
E500DU500
150 - 500
1SDC010027F0201
30
30
1SDC010028F0201
MOTOR
* In order to avoid tripping during motor start-up, the PR212MP release recognizes when
the motor is starting-up.
** : A300 in case of Normal Start.
126
127
Contactor
MCCB
Type
MOTOR
MCCB
Delta
Star
l1 range Current setting Line
PR212 MP contactor contactor contactor
release I3*
Type
Type
Type
Contactor
Type
l1 range
Current setting
PR212MP
release I3*
Type
Pe [kW]
Ir [A]
[A]
[A]
[A]
[A]
45
83
40 - 100
900
A145
A145
A50
30
45
40 - 100
600
A145
55
98
64 - 160
1120
A145
A145
A50
37
56
40 - 100
600
A145
75
135
64 - 160
1440
A145
A145
A75
45
67
40 - 100
700
A145
90
158
80 - 200
1800
A145
A145
A95
55
82
40 - 100
800
A145
110
193
128 - 320
2240
A210
A210
A95
75
110
64 - 160
1280
A145
132
232
128 - 320
2560
A210
A210
A145
90
132
64 - 160
1440
A145
160
282
128 - 320
2880
A210
A210
A145
110
158
80 - 200
1800
A185
200
349
256 - 630
3780
AF400
AF400
A185
132
192
128 - 320
2240
A210
250
430
256 - 630
5040
AF400
AF400
A260
160
230
128 - 320
2560
A260
290
520
256 - 630
5670
AF400
AF400
A260
200
279
128 - 320
2880
AF400**
315
545
256 - 630
5670
AF400
AF400
A260
250
335
256 - 630
3780
AF400
355
610
256 - 630
5670
AF400
AF400
AF400
290
395
256 - 630
4410
AF460
315
415
256 - 630
4410
AF460
355
451
256 - 630
5040
AF580
1SDC010029F0201
Pe [kW]
* In order to avoid tripping during motor start-up, the PR212MP release recognizes when
the motor is starting-up.
** The protection against overload (L function) of the MP release, must be set with class
30 starting class.
Ir [A]
1SDC010030F0201
MOTOR
* In order to avoid tripping during motor start-up, the PR212MP release recognizes when
the motor is starting-up.
** : A300 in case of Normal Start.
128
129
General aspects
Contactor
Star
Delta
l1 range Current setting Line
PR212MP contactor contactor contactor
Type
Type
Type
release I3*
Pe [kW]
Ir [A]
[A]
[A]
45
67
40 - 100
700
A145
A145
A50
55
82
40 - 100
900
A145
A145
A50
75
110
64 - 160
1280
A145
A145
A50
90
132
64 - 160
1440
A145
A145
A75
110
158
80 - 200
1800
A145
A145
A95
132
192
128 - 320
2240
A210
A210
A95
160
230
128 - 320
2560
A210
A210
A145
200
279
128 - 320
2880
A210
A210
A145
250
335
256 - 630
3780
AF400
AF400
A185
290
394
256 - 630
4410
AF400
AF400
A210
315
440
256 - 630
4410
AF400
AF400
A260
355
483
256 - 630
5040
AF400
AF400
A260
Transformers are used to achieve a change in the supply voltage, for both
medium and low voltage supplies.
The choice of the protection devices must take into account transient insertion
phenomena, during which the current may reach values higher than the rated
full load current. The curve which represents these transient phenomena in the
time-current diagram, termed inrush, depends on the size of the transformer.
In particular, for smaller sizes there are higher values of inrush current during
the very first moments.
The diagram below shows the inrush current curve for a 20/0.4 kV of 400 kVA
transformer. This transformer has an inrush current during the very first moments
equal to 7 times the rated current; this transient phenomenon stops after a few
tenths of a second.
1SDC010031F0201
MOTOR
* In order to avoid tripping during motor start-up, the PR212MP release recognizes when
the motor is starting-up.
** The protection against overload (L function) of the MP release, must be set with class
30 starting class.
Example:
1s
10-1s
10-2s
1SDC010022F0001
1kA
130
10kA
131
The transformer protection devices must also guarantee that the transformer
cannot operate above the point of maximum thermal overload under shortcircuit conditions; this point is defined on the time-current diagram by the value
of short-circuit current which can pass through the transformer and by a time
equal to 2 s, as stated by Standard IEC 60076-5. The short-circuit current (Ik)
flowing for a fault with low impedance at the LV terminals of the transformer is
calculated by using the following formula:
In summary: for the correct protection of the transformer and to avoid unwanted
trips, the trip curve of the protection device must be above the inrush current
curve and below the overload point.
The diagram below shows a possible position of the time-current curve of an
upstream protection device of a 690/400 V, 250 kVA transformer with uk% = 4 %.
Ur
[A]
3 ( ZNet + Zt )
Ik =
10 4 s
(1)
where:
Ur is the rated voltage of the transformer [V];
ZNet is the short-circuit impedance of the network [];
Zt is the short-circuit impedance of the transformer; from the rated power of
the transformer (Sr [VA]) and the percentage short-circuit voltage (uk%) is
equal to:
Zt =
uk % U r2
[]
100 Sr
10 3 s
S4N250 PR211 In=250 A
10 2 s
10 1 s
(2)
250 kVA Trafo
1s
Ur
100 Sr
=
[A] (3)
uk % U r2
3 uk %Ur
100 Sr
1SDC010024F0001
10-1s
Ik =
10-2s
The diagram below shows the inrush current curve for a 20/0.4 kV of 400 kVA
transformer (uk% = 4 %) and the thermal overload point.
10-1 kA
1kA
10kA
1s
1SDC010023F0001
10-1s
10-2s
1kA
10kA
132
133
The full voltage three-phase short-circuit current (Ik), at the LV terminals of the
transformer, can be expressed as (assuming that the short-circuit power of the
network is infinite):
Ik =
100 I r
[A]
uk %
(5)
where:
uk% is the short-circuit voltage of the transformer, in %.
The protection circuit-breaker must have:
In Ir;
Icu (Ics) Ik.
Ik1
134
Ik3
Ik2 + Ik3
Ik2
B
Ik = Ik1 + Ik2 + Ik3
135
1SDC010025F0001
If the short-circuit power of the upstream network is not infinite and cable or
busbar connections are present, it is possible to obtain a more precise value
for Ik by using formula (1), where ZNet is the sum of the impedance of the
network and of the impedance of the connection.
Trafo I r
Busbar Ib
[kVA]
1 x 63
2 x 63
1 x 100
2 x 100
1 x 125
2 x 125
1 x 160
2 x 160
1 x 200
2 x 200
1 x 250
2 x 250
1 x 315
2 x 315
1 x 400
2 x 400
1 x 500
2 x 500
1 x 630
2 x 630
3 x 630
1 x 800
2 x 800
3 x 800
1 x 1000
2 x 1000
3 x 1000
1 x 1250
2 x 1250
3 x 1250
[A]
158
158
251
251
314
314
402
402
502
502
628
628
791
791
1004
1004
1255
1255
1581
1581
1581
2008
2008
2008
2510
2510
2510
3138
3138
3138
[A]
158
316
251
502
314
628
402
803
502
1004
628
1255
791
1581
1004
2008
1255
2510
1581
3163
4744
2008
4016
6025
2510
5020
7531
3138
6276
9413
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Sr
Trafo
Feeder Ik
[kA]
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.2
7.8
7.8
10.0
9.9
12.5
12.4
15.6
15.4
19.6
19.4
24.8
24.5
30.9
30.4
38.7
37.9
74.4
39.3
38.5
75.5
48.9
47.7
93.0
60.7
58.8
114.1
ABB SACE
Circuit Breaker
T1B160
T1B160
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N630
S5N630
S6N630
S6N630
S6N630
S6N630
S6N800
S6N800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E3S1600
E3N2500
E3N2500
E3H2500
E3N3200
E3N3200
E3H3200
E3N3200
E3N3200
S8V3200/E6V3200
Release
Busbar Ik
size
setting
R160
1
R160
1
In=320
0.9
In=320
0.9
In=400
0.9
In=400
0.9
In=630
0.7
In=630
0.7
In=630
0.9
In=630
0.9
In=630
1
In=630
1
In=800
1
In=800
1
In=1250
0.9
In=1250
0.9
In=1600
0.9
In=1600
0.9
In=1600
1
In=1600
1
In=1600
1
In=2500
0.9
In=2500
0.9
In=2500
0.9
In=3200
0.8
In=3200
0.8
In=3200
0.8
In=3200
1
In=3200
1
In=3200
1
[kA]
3.9
7.9
6.3
12.5
7.8
15.6
10.0
19.9
12.5
24.8
15.6
30.9
19.6
38.7
24.8
48.9
30.9
60.7
38.7
75.9
111.6
39.3
77.0
113.2
48.9
95.3
139.5
60.7
117.7
171.2
136
250 A
400 A
630 A
800 A
1250 A
1600 A
2000 A
2500 A
3200 A
4000 A
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3S250
T3N250
T3S250
S3L250
T3N250
T3S250
S3L250
T3N250
S3H250
S4L250
T3S250
S3L250
S4L250
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N630
S5N400
S5N400
S5N630
S5N400
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5H400 S5H/S6S630
S5L400 S5L/S6L630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5H400 S5H/S6S630
S5L400 S5L/S6L630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5H400 S5H/S6H630
S5L400 S5L/S6L630
S5N400 S5N/S6N630
S5L400 S5L/S6L630
S5L400 S5L/S6L630
S6N800
S6N800
S6N800
S6N800
S6N800
S6N800
S6N800
S6S800
S6L800
S6N800
S6S800
S6L800
S6N800
S6H800
S6L800
S6N800
S6L800
S6L800
S7S1250
S7S1250/E1N1250
S7S1600/E2N1600
S7S1250/E2N1250
S7S1250/E1N1250
S7S1250/E2L1250
S7L1250/E2L1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E2L1250
S7L1250/E2L1250
S7S1250/E1N1250
S7H1250/E2L1250
S7L1250
S7S1250/E2N1250
S7L1250/E2L1250
S7L1250
S7S1600/E2N1600
E2N2000
S7S1600/E2L1600
S7L1600/E2L1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2L1600
S7L1600/E2L1600
S7S1600/E2N1600
S7H1600/E2L1600
S7L1600
S7S1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E2L1600
S7L1600
E3H2000 E3H2500
E3L2000 E3L2500 E6V3200
E3H2000
E3L2000
E2N2000
E3H2000
E6V3200
E2N2000
E3L2000
E3H2500 E3H3200
E3L2500 E6V3200 E6V4000
E3H2500 E3H3200 E4H4000
E6V3200 E6V3200 E6V4000
E3N2500
E3L2500 E6V3200 E6V4000
137
1SDC010035F0201
Transformer
uk
Trafo I r
Busbar Ib
[kVA]
1 x 63
2 x 63
1 x 100
2 x 100
1 x 125
2 x 125
1 x 160
2 x 160
1 x 200
2 x 200
1 x 250
2 x 250
1 x 315
2 x 315
1 x 400
2 x 400
1 x 500
2 x 500
1 x 630
2 x 630
3 x 630
1 x 800
2 x 800
3 x 800
1 x 1000
2 x 1000
3 x 1000
1 x 1250
2 x 1250
3 x 1250
1 x 1600
2 x 1600
3 x 1600
1 x 2000
2 x 2000
3 x 2000
1 x 2500
1 x 3125
[A]
91
91
144
144
180
180
231
231
289
289
361
361
455
455
577
577
722
722
909
909
909
1155
1155
1155
1443
1443
1443
1804
1804
1804
2309
2309
2309
2887
2887
2887
3608
4510
[A]
91
182
144
288
180
360
231
462
289
578
361
722
455
910
577
1154
722
1444
909
1818
2727
1155
2310
3465
1443
2886
4329
1804
3608
5412
2309
4618
6927
2887
5774
8661
3608
4510
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.25
Trafo
Feeder Ik
[kA]
2.2
2.2
3.6
3.6
4.5
4.4
5.7
5.7
7.2
7.1
8.9
8.8
11.2
11.1
14.2
14
17.7
17.5
22.3
21.8
42.8
22,6
22.1
43,4
28.1
27.4
53.5
34.9
33.8
65.6
35.7
34.6
67
44.3
42.6
81.9
54.8
67.7
ABB SACE
Circuit-Breaker
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S6N630
S6N630
S6N630/S6N800
S6N630/S6N800
S6N800/S7S1250
S6N800/S7S1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1N1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1N1250
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7H1600/E2N1600
E2B2000
E2B2000
E3S2000
E3N2500
E3N2500
E3S2000
E3N3200
E3N3200
E3H3200
E4S4000
E6H5000
size
R100/In=100
R100/In=100
R160/In=160
R160/In=160
R200/In=250
R200/In=250
R250/In=250
R250/In=250
In=320
In=320
In=400
In=400
In=630
In=630
In=630/800
In=630/800
In=800/1000
In=800/1000
In=1000
In=1000
In=1000
In=1250
In=1250
In=1250
In=1600
In=1600
In=1600
In=2000
In=2000
In=2000
In=2500
In=2500
In=2500
In=3200
In=3200
In=3200
In=4000
In=5000
setting
0.96
0.96
0.92
0.92
0.95/0.8
0.95/0.8
0.95/0.95
0.95/0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.8
0.8
0.95/0.8
0.95/0.8
0.95/0.8
0.95/0.8
0.95
0.95
0.95
0,95
0.95
0,95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1
1
Busbar Ik
[kA]
2.2
4.4
3.6
7.2
4.5
8.8
5.7
11.4
7.2
14.2
8.9
17.6
11.2
22.2
14.2
28
17.7
35.9
22.3
43.6
64.2
22,6
44.3
65
28.1
54.8
80.2
34.9
67.7
98.4
35.7
69.2
100.6
44.3
85.1
122.8
54.8
67.7
32 A 63 A 125 A
160 A
S250/S260
S250/S260 T1B160
S250/S260 T1B160
S250/S260 T1B160
S250/S260
T1B160
S250/S260
T1B160
S250/S260
T1B160
T1B160
S250/S260
T1B160
T1B160
S250/S260
T1B160
T1C160
T1B160
T1C160
T1B160
T1N160
T1C160
T1N160
T1C160
T2S160
T2H160
T1C160
T2S160
T2H160
T1N160
T2H160
T2L160
T1N160
T2H160
S4L160
T2N160
T2H160
S3X125
S3X200
T2S160
S4L160
S3X125
S3X200
T2H160
T2H160
138
250 A
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3S250
S3L250
T3N250
T3S250
S3L250
T3N250
S3H250
S3L250
T3N250
S3L250
S4L250
T3N250
S3L250
S4X250
T3S250
S4L250
S4X250
S3H250
S3L250
400 A
630 A
800 A
1250 A
1600 A
2000 A
2500 A
3200 A
4000 A
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N400
S5L400
S5L400
S5N400
S5L400
S6X400
S5H400
S5L400
S6X400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N/S6N630
S5N/S6N630
S5N/S6N630
S5N/S6N630
S5N/S6N630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S5N/S6N630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S5N/S6N630
S5H/S6H630
S5L/S6L630
S5N/S6N630
S5L/S6L630
S5L/S6L630
S5N/S6N630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5H/S6H630
S5L/S6L630
S6N800
S6N800/E1B800
S6S800/E1N800
S7S1250/E1N1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S6N800/E1B800
S6S800/E1N800
S7S1250/E1N1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S6N800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6H800/E2N1250 S7H1250/E2N1250
S6L800/E3H1250 S7L1250/E3H1250
S6N800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E3H1250 S7L1250/E3S1250
S6L800/E3S1250 S7L1250/E3H1250
S6N800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E3S1250 S7L1250/E3S1250
S8V2000/E2L1250
S6S800/E1N800
S7S1250/E1N1250
S6L800/E3H1250 S7L1250/E3H1250
E2L1250
S6H800/E2N1250 S7H1250/E2N1250
S6L800/E3S1250 S7L1250/E3S1250
S7L1600/E2N1600
S7S1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E2N1600
S7H1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E3H1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7L1600/E3S1600
S7L1600/E3H1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7L1600/E3S1600
S8V2000/E2L1600
S7S1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E3H1600
E2L1600
S7H1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E3S1600
E2N2000 E2N2500
E2N2000
E3H2000 E3H2500 E3H3200
E3S2000 E3S2500 E3S3200
E3H2000 E3H2500 E3H3200 E4H4000
E3S2000
E3L2000
E2N2000
E3H2000
E3L2000
E2N2000
E3S2000
E3H3200 E4H4000
E6V3200 E6V4000
E3N3200
E3S3200 E4S4000
139
1SDC010036F0201
Transformer
Sr
uk
Trafo I r
Busbar Ib
[kVA]
1 x 63
2 x 63
1 x 100
2 x 100
1 x 125
2 x 125
1 x 160
2 x 160
1 x 200
2 x 200
1 x 250
2 x 250
1 x 315
2 x 315
1 x 400
2 x 400
1 x 500
2 x 500
1 x 630
2 x 630
3 x 630
1 x 800
2 x 800
3 x 800
1 x 1000
2 x 1000
3 x 1000
1 x 1250
2 x 1250
3 x 1250
1 x 1600
2 x 1600
3 x 1600
1 x 2000
2 x 2000
3 x 2000
1 x 2500
1 x 3125
[A]
83
83
131
131
164
164
210
210
262
262
328
328
413
413
525
525
656
656
827
827
827
1050
1050
1050
1312
1312
1312
1640
1640
1640
2099
2099
2099
2624
2624
2624
3280
4100
[A]
83
165
131
262
164
328
210
420
262
525
328
656
413
827
525
1050
656
1312
827
1653
2480
1050
2099
3149
1312
2624
3936
1640
3280
4921
2099
4199
6298
2624
5249
7873
3280
4100
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.25
Trafo
Feeder Ik
[kA]
2.1
2.1
3.3
3.3
4.1
4.1
5.2
5.2
6.5
6.5
8.1
8.1
10.2
10.1
12.9
12.8
16.1
15.9
20.2
19.8
38.9
20.6
20.1
39.5
25.6
24.9
48.6
31.7
30.8
59.6
32.5
31.4
60.9
40.3
38.7
74.4
49.8
61.5
ABB SACE
Circuit-Breaker
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
T3N/S4N250
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N630
S5N630
S5N630
S5N630
S6N800
S6N800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7H1600/E2N1600
E2B2000
E2B2000
E2N2000
E2N2500
E2N2500
E2N2500
E3N3200
E3N3200
E3S3200
E4S4000
E6H5000
Busbar Ik
size
setting
R100/In=100 0.9/0.88
R100/In=100 0.9/0.88
R160/In=160 0.85/0.88
R160/In=160 0.85/0.88
R200/In=250
0.9/0.7
R200/In=250
0.9/0.7
R250/In=250
0.9
R250/In=250
0.9
In=320
0.9
In=320
0.9
In=400
0.9
In=400
0.9
In=630
0.7
In=630
0.7
In=630
0.9
In=630
0.9
In=800
0.9
In=800
0.9
In=1000
0.9
In=1000
0.9
In=1000
0.9
In=1250
0.9
In=1250
0.9
In=1250
0.9
In=1600
0.9
In=1600
0.9
In=1600
0.9
In=2000
0.9
In=2000
0.9
In=2000
0.9
In=2500
0.9
In=2500
0.9
In=2500
0.9
In=3200
0.9
In=3200
0.9
In=3200
0.9
In=4000
0.9
In=5000
0.9
[kA]
2.1
4.1
3.3
6.5
4.1
8.1
5.2
10.4
6.5
12.9
8.1
16.1
10.2
20.2
12.9
25.6
16.1
31.7
20.2
39.7
58.3
20.6
40.3
59.2
25.6
49.8
72.9
31.7
61.5
89.5
32.5
62.9
91.4
40.3
77.4
111.7
49.8
61.5
140
250 A
400 A
630 A
800 A
1250 A
1600 A
2000 A
2500 A
3200 A
4000 A
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3N250
T3S250
T3N250
T3S250
T3N250
T3S250
S3L250
T3N250
S3H250
S3L250
T3S250
S3L250
S4L250
T3S250
S3L250
S4X250
T3S250
S3L250
S4X250
S3H250
S4L250
S4X250
S3L250
S3L250
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5H400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N400
S5H400
S5L400
S5H400
S5L400
S6X400
S5H400
S5L400
S6X400
S5H400
S5L400
S6X400
S5H400
S5L400
S5N630
S5N630
S5H/S6S630
S5N630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S5N630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S5N/S6N630
S5L/S6L630
S5L/S6L630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5L/S6L630
S5L/S6L630
S6S800
S6S800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S6N800/E1B800
S6S800/E1B800
S7H1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S6N800/E1B800
S6L800/E2N1250 S7H1250/E1N1250
S6L800/E3S1250 S7L1250/E3S1250
S6S800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S8V2000/E2L1250
S6S800/E1B800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S6L800/E2N1250 S7L1250/E2N1250
S8V2000/E2L1250
S6S800/E1B800
S7H1250/E1N1250
S6L800/E3H1250 S7L1250/E3H1250
S6L800/E2N1250
S6L800/E2N1250
S7H1250/E1N1250
S7L1250/E2N1250
S7L1600/E2N1600
E2N2000
S7H1600/E2B1600
S7L1600/E2N1600
S7H1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E3S1600
E2N2000
E3S2000 E3S2500 E3S3200
S7L1600/E2N1600
S8V2000/E2L1600
S7S1600/E2B1600
S7L1600/E2N1600
S8V2000/E2L1600
S7H1600/E2B1600
S7L1600/E3H1600
E2N2000 E3N2500
E3H2000 E3H2500 E3H3200 E4H4000
S7H1600/E2N1600
S7L1600/E2N1600
E2N2000
E3H2000
E2B2000
E3H2000
E6V3200
E2N2000
E2N2000
E3N2500 E3N3200
E3H2500 E3H3200 E4H4000
E3H2500 E3H3200 E4H4000
E6V4000
E3N2500
E3N2500 E3N3200
141
1SDC010037F0201
Transformer
Sr
Trafo I r
Busbar Ib
[kVA]
1 x 63
2 x 63
1 x 100
2 x 100
1 x 125
2 x 125
1 x 160
2 x 160
1 x 200
2 x 200
1 x 250
2 x 250
1 x 315
2 x 315
1 x 400
2 x 400
1 x 500
2 x 500
1 x 630
2 x 630
3 x 630
1 x 800
2 x 800
3 x 800
1 x 1000
2 x 1000
3 x 1000
1 x 1250
2 x 1250
3 x 1250
1 x 1600
2 x 1600
3 x 1600
1 x 2000
2 x 2000
3 x 2000
1 x 2500
1 x 3125
[A]
53
53
84
84
105
105
134
134
167
167
209
209
264
264
335
335
418
418
527
527
527
669
669
669
837
837
837
1046
1046
1046
1339
1339
1339
1673
1673
1673
2092
2615
[A]
53
105
84
167
105
209
134
268
167
335
209
418
264
527
335
669
418
837
527
1054
1581
669
1339
2008
837
1673
2510
1046
2092
3138
1339
2678
4016
1673
3347
5020
2092
2615
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6.25
6.25
6.25
6.25
uk
Trafo
Feeder Ik
[kA]
1.3
1.3
2.1
2.1
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.3
4.2
4.1
5.2
5.1
6.5
6.5
8.3
8.2
10.3
10.1
12.9
12.6
24.8
13.1
12.8
25.2
16.3
15.9
31.0
20.2
19.6
38.0
20.7
20.1
38.9
25.7
24.7
47.5
31.8
39.2
ABB SACE
Circuit-Breaker
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1B/T2N160
T1C/T2N160
T1C/T2N160
T3N250/S4N250
T3N250/S4N250
T3S250/S4N250
T3S250/S4N250
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N400
S5N630
S5N630
S5N630
S5N630
S5L630
S6N800
S6N800
S6L800
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
S7L1250/E1B1250
S7H1250/E1B1250
S7S1250/E1B1250
E2B1250
E2B1600
E2B1600
E2B1600
E2B2000
E2B2000
E2B2000
E3N2500
E3N3200
Release
size
R63/In=63
R63/In=63
R100/In=100
R100/In=100
R125/In=160
R125/In=160
R160/In=160
R160/In=160
R200/In=250
R200/In=250
R250/In=250
R250/In=250
In=320
In=320
In=400
In=400
In=630
In=630
In=630
In=630
In=630
In=800
In=800
In=800
In=1000
In=1000
In=1000
In=1250
In=1250
In=1600
In=1600
In=1600
In=1600
In=2000
In=2000
In=2000
In=2500
In=3200
setting
0.9/0.88
0.9/0.88
0.9/0.92
0.9/0.92
0.9/0.72
0.9/0.72
0.9/0.88
0.9/0.88
0.9/0.8
0.9/0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Busbar Ik
[kA]
1.3
2.6
2.1
4.2
2.6
5.2
3.3
6.6
4.2
8.3
5.2
10.3
6.5
12.9
8.3
16.3
10.3
20.2
12.9
25.3
37.2
13.1
25.7
37.7
16.3
31.8
46,5
20.2
39.2
57.1
20.7
40.1
58.3
25.7
49.3
71.2
31.8
39.2
32 A
63 A 125 A
T1B160
T1B160
T1B160
T1N160
T1B160
T1N160
T1C160
T2S160
T1N160
T2L160
T1N160
S3N160
T2S160
S3N160
T2L160
S3H160
S3N160
S4H160
S3N160
S4L160
S3X125
S3N160
S4L160
S3X125
S3H160
S3X125
S3X125
S4H160
S3X125
S3X125
S4H160
S3X125
S3X125
S4L160
S3X125
S3X125
S3X125
S3X125
142
160 A
250 A
400 A
630 A
800 A
1250 A
1600 A
2000 A
2500 A
3200 A
4000 A
S3N250
S3N250
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3X200
S3N250
S3N250
S3H250
S3N250
S4H250
S3N250
S4L250
S4X250
S3N250
S4L250
S4X250
S3H250
S4X250
S4X250
S4H250
S4X250
S4X250
S4H250
S4X250
S4X250
S4L250
S4X250
S4X250
S4X250
S4X250
S5N400
S5N400
S5H400
S5N400
S5L400
S6X400
S5N400
S5L400
S6X400
S5N400
S6X400
S6X400
S5H400
S6X400
S6X400
S5H400
S6X400
S6X400
S5L400
S6X400
S6X400
S6X400
S6X400
S5H/S6S630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S5N/S6N630
S6X630
S6X630
S5H/S6S630
S6X630
S6X630
S5H/S6S630
S6X630
S6X630
S5L/S6L630
S6X630
S6X630
S6X630
S6X630
E2B1600
S6L800
E2B1600
S7L1250/E1B800 S7L1250/E1B1250
S8V2000/E2N1250
S8V2000/E2N1600
S6S800/E1B800
S8H2000/E2B1250
S8H2000/E2B1600
E3N2500
S6S800/E1B800
S8V2000/E2B1250
S8V2000/E2B1600
E3N2500
S6L800/E1B800
S7L1250/E1B1250
S8V2000/E2N1250
S8V2000/E2N1600
E2L1250
E2L1600
S7L1250/E1B800 S7L1250/E1B1250
S7L1600/E2B1600
S8H2000/E2B1600
S8H2000/E2B1250
E2N2000
E2B2000
E3N3200
E2N2000 E3N2500
E3S2000 E3S2500 E3S3200 E4S4000
E2B2000
143
1SDC010037F0201
Transformer
Sr
NOTE
The tables refer to the previously specified conditions; the information for the
selection of circuit-breakers is supplied only with regard to the current in use
and the prospective short-circuit current. For a correct selection, other factors
such as selectivity, back-up protection, the decision to use limiting circuitbreakers etc. must also be considered. Therefore, it is essential that the design
engineers carry out precise checks.
It must also be noted that the short-circuit currents given are determined using
the hypothesis of 750 MVA power upstream of the transformers, disregarding
the impedances of the busbars or the connections to the circuit-breakers.
Example:
Supposing the need to size breakers A1/A2/A3, on the LV side of the three
transformers of 630 kVA 20/0.4 kV with uk% equal to 4% and outgoing feeder
circuit-breakers B1/B2/B3 of 63-400-800 A:
A2
B1
63 A
B2
400 A
A3
B3
1SDC010026F0001
A1
Busbar Ik (64.2 kA) is the short-circuit current due to the contribution of all
three transformers;
corresponding to 63 A, read circuit-breaker B1 Tmax T2H160;
corresponding to 400 A, read circuit-breaker B2 Isomax S5L400;
corresponding to 800 A, read circuit-breaker B3 Isomax S6L800 or E2N1250.
800 A
144
145
IR
I
S
IQ
Power factor (cos) is defined as the ratio between the active component IR
and the total value of the current l; is the phase shifting between the voltage
U and the current l.
It results:
cos
IR P
(1)
=
S
I
The reactive demand factor (tan) is the relationship between the reactive power
and the active power:
tan =
Q
(2)
P
146
cos
power factor
0.10.15
0.70.85
0.15
tan
reactive demand factor
9.96.6
1.00.62
6.6
0.350.6
0.70.8
0.40.6
0.750.9
2.71.3
1.00.75
2.31.3
0.90.5
0.9
0.40.6
0.5
0.650.75
0.60.95
0.40.75
0.950.97
1
0.5
2.31.3
1.7
1.20.9
1.30.3
2.30.9
0.330.25
0
The power factor correction is the action increasing the power factor in a specific
section of the installation by locally supplying the necessary reactive power, so
as to reduce the current value to the equivalent of the power required, and
therefore the total power absorbed from the upstream side. Thus, both the line
as well as the supply generator can be sized for a lower apparent power value
required by the load.
In detail, as shown by Figure 1 and Figure 2, increasing the power factor of the
load:
- decreases the relative voltage drop urp per unit of active power transmitted;
- increases the transmittable active power and decreases the losses, the other
dimensioning parameters remaining equal.
147
10
1
0.50
1SDC010039F0201
Qc = Q2 - Q1 = P ( tan
- tan 2 ) (3)
where:
P
is the active power;
Q1,1 are the reactive power and the phase shifting before power factor correction;
Q2,2 are the reactive power and the phase shifting after power factor correction;
Qc
is the reactive power for the power factor correction.
1000
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
P Q2
S2
100
Q2
P
S2
Q1
Qc
S1
1
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
148
P Q1 S1
Motor
1SDC010041F0201
Qc
10
1SDC010040F0201
149
Example
Kc =
Qc
= tan
P
- tan
Supposing the need to change from 0.8 to 0.93 the power factor of a threephase installation (Ur= 400 V) which absorbs an average power of 300 kW.
From Table 2, at the intersection of the column corresponding to the final power
factor (0.93), and the row corresponding to the starting power factor (0.8), the
value of Kc (0.355) can be read. The reactive power Qc which must be generated
locally shall be:
(4)
for different values of the power factor before and after the correction.
Table 2: Factor Kc
Kc
cos1
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.80
0.583
0.549
0.515
0.483
0.451
0.419
0.388
0.358
0.328
0.299
0.270
0.242
0.214
0.186
0.159
0.132
0.105
0.079
0.052
0.026
0.85
0.714
0.679
0.646
0.613
0.581
0.549
0.519
0.488
0.459
0.429
0.400
0.372
0.344
0.316
0.289
0.262
0.235
0.209
0.183
0.156
0.130
0.104
0.078
0.052
0.026
0.90
0.849
0.815
0.781
0.748
0.716
0.685
0.654
0.624
0.594
0.565
0.536
0.508
0.480
0.452
0.425
0.398
0.371
0.344
0.318
0.292
0.266
0.240
0.214
0.188
0.162
0.135
0.109
0.082
0.055
0.028
0.91
0.878
0.843
0.810
0.777
0.745
0.714
0.683
0.652
0.623
0.593
0.565
0.536
0.508
0.481
0.453
0.426
0.400
0.373
0.347
0.320
0.294
0.268
0.242
0.216
0.190
0.164
0.138
0.111
0.084
0.057
0.029
0.92
0.907
0.873
0.839
0.807
0.775
0.743
0.712
0.682
0.652
0.623
0.594
0.566
0.538
0.510
0.483
0.456
0.429
0.403
0.376
0.350
0.324
0.298
0.272
0.246
0.220
0.194
0.167
0.141
0.114
0.086
0.058
0.93
0.938
0.904
0.870
0.837
0.805
0.774
0.743
0.713
0.683
0.654
0.625
0.597
0.569
0.541
0.514
0.487
0.460
0.433
0.407
0.381
0.355
0.329
0.303
0.277
0.251
0.225
0.198
0.172
0.145
0.117
0.089
cos2
0.94 0.95
0.970 1.005
0.936 0.970
0.903 0.937
0.870 0.904
0.838 0.872
0.806 0.840
0.775 0.810
0.745 0.779
0.715 0.750
0.686 0.720
0.657 0.692
0.629 0.663
0.601 0.635
0.573 0.608
0.546 0.580
0.519 0.553
0.492 0.526
0.466 0.500
0.439 0.474
0.413 0.447
0.387 0.421
0.361 0.395
0.335 0.369
0.309 0.343
0.283 0.317
0.257 0.291
0.230 0.265
0.204 0.238
0.177 0.211
0.149 0.184
0.121 0.156
0.96
1.042
1.007
0.974
0.941
0.909
0.877
0.847
0.816
0.787
0.757
0.729
0.700
0.672
0.645
0.617
0.590
0.563
0.537
0.511
0.484
0.458
0.432
0.406
0.380
0.354
0.328
0.302
0.275
0.248
0.221
0.193
0.97
1.083
1.048
1.015
0.982
0.950
0.919
0.888
0.857
0.828
0.798
0.770
0.741
0.713
0.686
0.658
0.631
0.605
0.578
0.552
0.525
0.499
0.473
0.447
0.421
0.395
0.369
0.343
0.316
0.289
0.262
0.234
0.98
1.130
1.096
1.062
1.030
0.998
0.966
0.935
0.905
0.875
0.846
0.817
0.789
0.761
0.733
0.706
0.679
0.652
0.626
0.599
0.573
0.547
0.521
0.495
0.469
0.443
0.417
0.390
0.364
0.337
0.309
0.281
0.99
1.191
1.157
1.123
1.090
1.058
1.027
0.996
0.966
0.936
0.907
0.878
0.849
0.821
0.794
0.766
0.739
0.713
0.686
0.660
0.634
0.608
0.581
0.556
0.530
0.503
0.477
0.451
0.424
0.397
0.370
0.342
1
1.333
1.299
1.265
1.233
1.201
1.169
1.138
1.108
1.078
1.049
1.020
0.992
0.964
0.936
0.909
0.882
0.855
0.829
0.802
0.776
0.750
0.724
0.698
0.672
0.646
0.620
0.593
0.567
0.540
0.512
0.484
150
151
From this data it is possible to find the size characteristics of the capacitors by
using the following formulae (5):
Starter
Starter
Qr
2
2 fr U r
I r = 2 fr C U r
Il = Ir
Line current
C=
Qr
2
2 f r U r
I r = 2 fr CU r / 3
Il = Ir
Three-phase
delta-connection
C=
Starter
Qr
2 f r U r 3
2
I r = 2 fr C U r
Il = Ir 3
With three-phase systems, for the same reactive power, the star-connection
requires a capacity 3 times larger and subjects the capacitors to a voltage and
a current times less than the analogous delta-connection.
Capacitors are generally supplied with connected discharge resistance,
calculated so as to reduce the residual voltage at the terminals to 75 V in 3
minutes, as stated in the reference Standard.
Diagram 2
Diagram 1
1SDC010028F0001
C=
Three-phase
star-connection
1SDC010005F0901
Single-phase
connection
Diagram 3
In the case of direct connection (diagrams 1 and 2) there is a risk that after
disconnection of the supply, the motor will continue to rotate (residual kinetic
energy) and self-excite with the reactive energy supplied by the capacitor bank,
acting as an asynchronous generator. In this case, the voltage is maintained on
the load side of the switching and control device, with the risk of dangerous
overvoltages of up to twice the rated voltage value.
However, in the case of diagram 3, to avoid the risk detailed above, the normal
procedure is to connect the PFC bank to the motor only when it is running, and
to disconnect it before the disconnection of the motor supply.
152
As a general rule, for a motor with power Pr, it is advisable to use a PFC with
reactive power Qc below 90% of the reactive power absorbed by the no-load
motor Q0, at rated voltage Ur, to avoid a leading power factor.
Considering that under no-load conditions, the current absorbed I0 [A] is solely
reactive, if the voltage is expressed in volts, it results:
Qc = 0.9 Q0 = 0.9
3 U r I 0
[kvar] (6)
1000
153
Table 3 shows the values of reactive power for power factor correction of some
ABB motors, according to the power and the number of poles.
Table 3: Reactive power for power factor motor correction
Pr
[kW]
Qc
[kvar]
Before PFC
cosr
Ir [A]
After PFC
cos2
I2 [A]
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
315
400V / 50 Hz / 2 poles
2.5
0.89
2.5
0.88
5
0.9
5
0.91
5
0.89
10
0.88
10
0.89
12.5
0.88
15
0.89
15
0.88
15
0.9
20
0.86
30
0.88
30
0.89
30
0.9
40
0.92
50
0.92
/ 3000 r/min
13.9
20
26.5
32
38.5
53
64
79
95
131
152
194
228
269
334
410
510
0.98
0.95
0.98
0.98
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.96
0.97
0.94
0.95
0.92
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
12.7
18.6
24.2
29.7
35.8
47.9
58.8
72.2
87.3
122.2
143.9
181.0
210.9
252.2
317.5
391.0
486.3
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
315
2.5
5
5
7.5
10
15
15
20
20
20
20
30
40
40
50
50
60
400V / 50 Hz / 4 poles
0.86
0.81
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.83
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
/ 1500 r/min
14.2
21.5
28.5
35
41
56
68
83
98
135
158
192
232
282
351
430
545
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.95
0.94
0.96
0.96
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.93
12.7
18.2
25.3
30.5
35.1
47.5
59.1
71.1
86.9
122.8
145.9
174.8
209.6
257.4
320.2
399.4
507.9
154
Pr
[kW]
Qc
[kvar]
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
160
200
250
315
5
5
7.5
7.5
10
10
12.5
15
20
25
30
35
45
50
60
70
75
0.98
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.96
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.93
0.95
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.94
0.92
12.4
19.3
25.7
30.9
36.5
49.4
60.8
72.6
88.7
123.9
144.2
178.8
210.8
249.6
318.0
404.2
514.4
7.5
11
15
18.5
22
30
37
45
55
75
90
110
132
5
7.5
7.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
20
20
30
30
35
50
400V / 50 Hz / 8 poles
0.7
0.76
0.82
0.79
0.77
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.8
0.91
0.97
0.97
0.93
0.92
0.93
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.95
0.93
0.94
0.93
13.9
18.4
24.5
31.5
37.5
50.0
62.8
75.4
90.2
120.6
146.6
178.8
214.6
Before PFC
cosr
Ir [A]
/ 750 r/min
18.1
23.5
29
37
45
59
74
90
104
140
167
202
250
After PFC
cos2
I2 [A]
155
Example
Table 4 shows the reactive power of the capacitor bank Qc [kvar] to be connected
on the secondary side of an ABB transformer, according to the different minimum
estimated load levels.
i %
u %
i %
2
2
2
2 u %
Qc = 0 Sr Pfe + K L k Sr Pcu 0 Sr + K L k Sr [kvar] (7)
100
100
100
100
where KL is the load factor, defined as the relationship between the minimum
reference load and the rated power of the transformer.
Pfe
[kW]
Qc [kvar]
Pcu
[kW]
Sr
[kVA]
uk%
[%]
io%
[%]
50
100
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3150
4000
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.5
2.7
4
4.8
5.8
7
8.5
11
13
16
20
24
30
31
37
48
73
1.8
3.3
5
6.1
7.4
9.1
11
14
17
25
31
38
47
53
64
89
125
2.3
4.3
6.8
8.3
10
13
16
20
25
40
49
61
77
90
111
157
212
2.9
5.7
9.2
11
14
18
22
28
35
60
74
93
118
142
175
252
333
100
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3150
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
3.7
5.5
6.6
8.1
9.9
12
14
17
20
25
29
38
45
54
81
5.5
8.4
10
13
16
19
23
29
35
43
52
67
82
101
159
8
12
15
19
24
29
36
45
56
69
85
109
134
166
269
load factor KL
0.25
0.5
0.75
Example
Supposing the need for PFC of a 630 kVA oil-distribution transformer which
supplies a load which is less than 60% of its rated power.
From the data on the transformer nameplate:
i0% = 1.8%
uk% = 4%
Pcu = 8.9 kW
Pfe = 1.2 kW
The PFC power of the capacitor bank connected to the transformer is:
i %
u %
2
2
2
Qc = 0 Sr Pfe + K L k Sr Pcu =
100
100
1.8%
4%
100
100
Example
4%
i %
1.8%
2 u %
Qc = 0 Sr + K L k Sr =
630 = 20.4 kvar
630 + 0.62
100
100
100
100
For a 630 kVA oil-distribution transformer with a load factor of 0.5, the necessary
PFC power is 17 kvar.
156
157
PFC in groups
Centralized PFC normally uses automatic units with capacitor banks divided
into several steps, directly installed in the main distribution switchboards; the
use of a permanently connected capacitor bank is only possible if the absorption
of reactive energy is fairly regular throughout the day.
The main disadvantage of centralized PFC is that the distribution lines of the
installation, downstream of the PFC device, must be dimensioned taking into
account the full reactive power required by the loads.
1SDC010029F0001
This consists of local power factor correction of groups of loads with similar
functioning characteristics by installing a dedicated capacitor bank.
This method achieves a compromise between the economical solution and the
correct operation of the installation, since only the line downstream of the
installation point of the capacitor bank is not correctly exploited.
Centralized PFC
1SDC010030F0001
C
LV
Feeders
The daily load profile is of fundamental importance for the choice of the most
suitable type of power factor correction.
In installations, in which not all loads function simultaneously and/or in which
some loads are connected for only a few hours a day, the solution of using
single PFC becomes unsuitable as many of the capacitors installed could stay
idle for long periods.
In the case of installations with many loads occasionally functioning, thus having
a high installed power and a quite low average power absorption by the loads
which function simultaneously, the use of a single PFC system at the installation
origin ensures a remarkable decrease in the total power of the capacitors to be
installed.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
158
Qr
1.5 I r (8)
3 U r
Therefore:
- the rated current of the circuit-breaker shall be greater than 1.5Ir;
- the overload protection setting shall be equal to 1.5Ir.
The connection of a capacitor bank, similar to a closing operation under shortcircuit conditions, associated with transient currents with high frequency (115
kHz), of short duration (13 ms), with high peak (25200 Ir).
Therefore:
- the circuit-breaker shall have an adequate making capacity;
- the setting of the instantaneous short-circuit protection must not cause
unwanted trips.
159
IMCB
IMC
[A]
1250
1250
1600
2000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
3200
3200
[A]
834
834
1067
1334
834
1067
1334
1667
2134
2134
2134
QM [kvar]
400 V
578
578
739
924
578
739
924
1155
1478
1478
1478
440 V
636
636
813
1017
636
813
1017
1270
1626
1626
1626
500 V
722
722
924
1155
722
924
1155
1444
1848
1848
1848
690 V
997
997
1275
1594
997
1275
1594
1992
2550
2550
2550
Nmech
fmech
25000
25000
25000
25000
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
15000
12000
[op/h]
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
Nel
fel
10000
15000
12000
10000
12000
10000
9000
8000
6000
7000
5000
[op/h]
30
30
30
30
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
IMC
QM [kvar]
Nmech
fmech
CB Type
[A]
[A]
400 V 440 V 500 V 690 V
[op/h]
T1 B-C-N 160
160
107
74
81
92
127 25000 240
T2 N-S-H-L 160*
160
107
74
81
92
127 25000 240
T3 N-S 250*
250
167
115
127
144
199 25000 120
* for plug-in version reduce the maximum power of the capacitor bank by 10%
Nel
fel
8000
8000
10000
[op/h]
120
120
120
IMCB
IMC
[A]
160
250
160
250
400
630
630
800
1250
1600
2000
2500
3200
[A]
107
167
107
167
267
333
420
533
833
1067
1333
1667
2133
QM [kvar]
400 V
74
115
74
115
185
231
291
369
577
739
924
1155
1478
440 V
81
127
81
127
203
254
320
406
635
813
1016
1270
1626
500 V
92
144
92
144
231
288
364
462
722
924
1155
1443
1847
690 V
127
199
127
199
319
398
502
637
996
1275
1593
1992
2550
Nmech
fmech
25000
25000
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
20000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
[op/h]
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
Nel
fel
10000
8000
10000
8000
7000
5000
7000
5000
7000
5000
3000
2500
1500
[op/h]
120
120
120
120
60
60
60
60
20
20
20
20
10
160
161
AC-4.1
AC-4.2
AC-4.3
1.000
500
AC-1
AC-2
AC-3
AC-4
200
100
50
20
10
0,1
Zone
designation
AC-1
AC-2
The Standard IEC 60479-1 Effects of current on human being and livestock
is a guide about the effects of current passing through the human body to
be used for the definition of electrical safety requirements. This Standard shows,
on a time-current diagram, four zones to which the physiological effects of
alternating current (15 100 Hz) passing through the human body have been
related.
c2 c3
2.000
- breathing arrest: if the current flows through the muscles controlling the
lungs, the involuntary contraction of these muscles alters the normal
respiratory process and the subject may die due to suffocation or suffer
the consequences of traumas caused by asphyxia;
- burns: they are due to the heating deriving, by Joule effect, from the current
passing through the human body.
c1
5.000
1SDC010042F0201
ms 10.000
Danger to persons due to contact with live parts is caused by the flow of the
current through the human body. The effects are:
AC-3
0,2
Zone
limits
Up to 0.5 mA
line a
0.5 mA
Up to
line b*
Line b
up to
curve c1
AC-4
Above
curve c1
AC-4.1
AC-4.2
AC-4.3
c1 - c2
c2 - c3
Beyond
curve c3
0,5
10 20
50 100 200
Body current IB
Physiological effects
Usually no reaction.
Usually no harmful physiological effects.
* For durations of current-flow below 10 ms, the limit for the body current for line b
remains constant at a value of 200 mA.
162
163
The Standard IEC 60479-1 has adopted precautionary values for the impedance
reported in the figure so as to get the time-voltage safety curve (Figure 2) related
to the total touch voltage UT (i.e. the voltage which, due to an insulation failure,
is present between a conductive part and a point of the ground sufficiently far,
with zero potential).
This represents the maximum no-load touch voltage value; thus, the most
unfavorable condition is taken into consideration for safetys sake.
The first letter represents the relationship of the power system to earth:
- T: direct connection of one point to earth, in alternating current systems,
generally the neutral point;
- I: all live parts isolated from earth, or one point, in alternating current systems,
generally the neutral point, connected to earth through an impedance.
2
t [s] 10
The second letter represents the relationship of the exposed conductive parts
of the installation to earth:
- T: direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts to earth;
- N: direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts to the earthed
point of the power system.
10
1SDC010031F0001
10
10
PE
10
UT [V]
TN System
From this safety curve it results that for all voltage values below 50 V, the tolerance
time is indefinite; at 50 V the tolerance time is 5 s. The curve shown in the figure
refers to an ordinary location; in particular locations, the touch resistance of the
human body towards earth changes and consequently the tolerable voltage
values for an indefinite time shall be lower than 25 V.
Therefore, if the protection against indirect contact is obtained through the
disconnection of the circuit, it is necessary to ensure that such breaking is
carried out in compliance with the safety curve for any distribution system.
164
L1
L2
L3
PEN
(TN-C)
(TN-S)
N
PE
1SDC010033F0001
10-2
1SDC010032F0001
L1
L2
L3
N
10-1
165
IT System
In TN systems, the fault current flows towards the power supply neutral point
through a solid metallic connection, practically without involving the earth
electrode (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Earth fault in TN system
L1
L2
L3
1SDC010034F0001
PE
Ik
L1
L2
L3
PEN
Ik
(TN-C)
PE N
(TN-S)
1SDC010036F0001
In TT systems, the neutral conductor and the exposed conductive parts are
connected to earth electrodes electrically independent; the fault current flows
towards the power supply neutral point through earth (Fig. 1):
Figure 1: Earth fault in TT systems
Ik
L1
L2
L3
N
RA
Ik
166
1SDC010035F0001
RB
IT systems have no live parts directly connected to earth, but they can be
earthed through a sufficiently high impedance. Exposed conductive parts shall
be earthed individually, in groups or collectively to an independent earthing
electrode.
The earth fault current flows towards the power supply neutral point through
the earthing electrode and the line conductor capacitance (Figure 3).
Ik
This distribution system is used for particular plants, where the continuity of
supply is a fundamental requirement, where the absence of the supply can
cause hazards to people or considerable economical losses, or where a low
value of a first earth fault is required. In these cases, an insulation monitoring
device shall be provided for optical or acoustic signalling of possible earth
faults, or failure of the supplied equipment.
167
168
169
FELV circuits are used when for functional reasons the requirements for SELV
or PELV circuits cannot be fulfilled; they require compliance with the following rules:
a) protection against direct contact shall be provided by either:
- barriers or enclosures with degree of protection in
accordance with what stated above (measures of protection
against direct contact);
- insulation corresponding to the minimum test voltage
specified for the primary circuit. If this test is not passed, the
insulation of accessible non-conductive parts of the
equipment shall be reinforced during erection so that it can
withstand a test voltage of 1500 V ac r.m.s. for 1 min.;
b) protection against indirect contact shall be provided by:
- connection of the exposed conductive parts of the
equipment of the FELV circuit to the protective conductor of
the primary circuit, provided that the latter is subject to one
of the measures of protection against direct contact;
- connection of a live conductor of the FELV circuit to the
protective conductor of the primary circuit provided that an
automatic disconnection of the supply is applied as measure
of protection;
c) plugs of FELV systems shall not be able to enter socket-outlets
of other voltage systems, and plugs of other voltage systems
shall not be able to enter socket-outlets of FELV systems.
Figure 1 shows the main features of SELV, PELV and FELV systems.
5.4 TT System
An earth fault in a TT system involves the circuit represented in Figure 1:
RB
The fault current involves the secondary winding of the transformer, the phase
conductor, the fault resistance, the protective conductor and the earth electrode
resistance (plant earthing system (RA) and earthing system which the neutral is
connected to (RB)).
According to IEC 60364-4 requirements, the protective devices must be coordinated with the earthing system in order to rapidly disconnect the supply, if
the touch voltage reaches harmful values for the human body.
Assuming 50 V (25 V for particular locations) as limit voltage value, the condition
to be fulfilled in order to limit the touch voltage on the exposed conductive
parts under this limit value is:
no safety source,
connection to earth
is admissible
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
PE
safety isolating
transformer
or equivalent
source,
no earthing
PE
SELV
PELV
Rt
FELV
PELV circuit
50 V ac
120 V dc
E
PE
1SDC010043F0201
Class II
equipment
RA
Ik
1SDC010035F0001
L1
L2
L3
N
FELV circuit
50
Ia
or
Rt
50
I n
where:
Rt is the total resistance, equal to the sum of the earth electrode (RA)
and the protective conductor for the exposed conductive parts [];
Ia is the current causing the automatic operation within 5 s of the
overcurrent protective device, read from the tripping curve of the
device [A];
In is the rated residual operating current, within one second, of the
circuit-breaker [A].
170
171
5.4 TT System
5.4 TT System
From the above, it is clear that Rt value is considerably different when using
automatic circuit breakers instead of residual current devices.
In fact, with the former, it is necessary to obtain very low earth resistance values
(usually less than 1 ) since the 5 s tripping current is generally high, whereas,
with the latter, it is possible to realize earthing systems with resistance value of
thousands of ohms, which are easier to be carried out.
Table 1 reports the maximum earth resistance values which can be obtained
using residual current devices, with reference to an ordinary location (50 V):
104 s
103 s
102 s
5s
1s
10-1 s
Example:
Assuming to provide protection by using an automatic circuit breaker Tmax
T1B160 R125, the trip current value in less than 5 s, read from the tripping
characteristic curve, is about 750 A, when starting from cold conditions (the
worst case for thermomagnetic releases).
1SDC010038F0001
In
[A]
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.3
0.5
3
10
30
10-2 s
750 A
0.1kA
1kA
10kA
So:
Rt
50
= 0.06
750
Rt
50
= 1666.6
0.03
172
173
5.5 TN System
5.5 TN System
An earth fault in a TN system involves the circuit represented in Figure 1:
The use of residual current devices improves the conditions for protection in
particular when the fault impedance doesnt have a low value, thus limiting the
short-circuit current; this current can persist for quite long time causing
overheating of the conductors and fire risks.
Ik
Ik
PE N
Finally, it is important to highlight the fact that the residual current devices cannot
be used in TN-C system, since the neutral and protective functions are provided
by a unique conductor: this configuration prevents the residual current device
from working.
(TN-S)
The fault loop does not affect the earthing system and is basically formed by
the connection in series of the phase conductor and of the protective conductor.
To provide a protection with automatic disconnection of the circuit, according
to IEC 60364-4 prescriptions, the following condition shall be fulfilled:
Z s . I a U0
Example:
In the plant represented in Figure 2, the earth fault current is:
Ik LG = 3 kA
The rated voltage to earth is 230 V, therefore, according to Table 1, it shall be
verified that:
I a ( 0.4s)
U0
= I kLG = 3 kA
Zs
Figure 2
where:
Zs is the impedance of the fault loop comprising the source, the live
conductor up to the point of the fault and the protective conductor
between the point of the fault and the source [];
U0 is the nominal ac r.m.s. voltage to earth [V];
Ia is the current causing the automatic operation of the disconnecting
protective device within the time stated in Table 1, as a function of
the rated voltage U0 or, for distribution circuits, a conventional
disconnecting time not exceeding 5 s is permitted [A]; if the protection
is provided by means of a residual current device, Ia is the rated
residual operating current In.
-QF1
T1B 160 R125
-WC1
3x(1x50)+1x(1x25)+1G25
PVC Cu
dV = 0.38%
Iz = 134.0 A
L = 20 m
-B1
Ik LG = 3.0 kA
L
174
-U1
Ur = 400 V
LLLN / TN-S
1SDC010039F0001
(TN-C)
1SDC010036F0001
L1
L2
L3
PEN
Sr = 70.00 kVA
cos = 0.90
175
5.5 TN System
From the tripping curve (Figure 3), it is clear that the circuit-breaker trips in 0.4 s
for a current value lower than 950 A. As a consequence, the protection against
indirect contact is provided by the same circuit-breaker which protects the
cable against short-circuit and overload, without the necessity of using an
additional residual current device.
5.6 IT System
As represented in Figure 1, the earth fault current in an IT system flows through
the line conductor capacitance to the power supply neutral point. For this reason,
the first earth fault is characterized by such an extremely low current value to
prevent the overcurrent protections from disconnecting; the deriving touch
voltage is very low.
104 s
103 s
Ik
3x(1x50)+1x(1x25)+1G25
C3 C2 C1
1SDC010037F0001
102 s
T1B160
R125
101 s
Ik
Rt . I d U L
1SDC010040F0001
0.4s
10-1 s
0.1kA
950 A
1kA
10kA
176
where:
Rt is the resistance of the earth electrode for exposed conductive parts [];
Id is the fault current, of the first fault of negligible impedance between
a phase conductor and an exposed conductive part [A];
UL is 50 V for ordinary locations (25 V for particular locations).
If this condition is fulfilled, after the first fault, the touch voltage value on the
exposed conductive parts is lower than 50 V, tolerable by the human body for
an indefinite time, as shown in the safety curve (see Chapter 5.1 General
aspects: effects of current on human beings).
In IT system installations, an insulation monitoring device shall be provided to
177
5.6 IT System
indicate the occurrence of a first earth fault; in the event of a second fault, the
supply shall be disconnected according to the following modalities:
a)
The operating principle of the residual current release is basically the detection
of an earth fault current, by means of a toroid transformer which embraces all
the live conductors, included the neutral if distributed.
Figure 1: Operating principle of the residual current device
U
Zs . r
2 Ia
U
Z 's . 0
2 Ia
where
U0 is the rated voltage between phase and neutral [V];
Ur is the rated voltage between phases [V];
Zs is the impedance of the fault loop comprising the phase conductor and
the protective conductor of the circuit [];
Zs is the impedance of the fault loop comprising the neutral conductor and
the protective conductor of the circuit [];
Ia is the operating current of the protection device in the disconnecting
time specified in Table 1, or within 5 s for distribution circuits.
R
1SDC010041F0001
In absence of an earth fault, the vectorial sum of the currents I is equal to zero;
in case of an earth fault if the I value exceeds the rated residual operating
current In, the circuit at the secondary side of the toroid sends a command
signal to a dedicated opening coil causing the tripping of the circuit-breaker.
A first classification of RCDs can be made according to the type of the fault
current they can detect:
- AC type: the tripping is ensured for residual sinusoidal alternating currents,
whether suddenly applied or slowly rising;
- A type: tripping is ensured for residual sinusoidal alternating currents and
residual pulsating direct currents, whether suddenly applied or slowly rising;
- B type: tripping is ensured for residual direct currents, for residual sinusoidal
alternating currents and residual pulsating direct currents, whether suddenly
applied or slowly rising.
Another classification referred to the operating time delay is:
- undelayed type;
- time delayed S-type.
178
179
I 0.3 A
t 0.5 s
I 1 A
t1s
I 0.3 A
t 0.5 s
I 00.3 A
t inst.
I 0.3 A
t 0.5 s
180
181
k2 = 4
TN system
The formula for the evaluation of the minimum short circuit current is:
I k min =
L=
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
PE
S n
is the ratio between the total phase conductor cross section
SPE
Ik
N L3 L2 L1
1SDC010043F0001
PE
REN
SN n
is the ratio between the total neutral conductor cross section
SPE
0.8 U 0 S
k1 k2
1.5 1.2 (1 + m) I k min
Dy
0.8 U 0 S
k1 k2
1.5 1.2 (1 + m) L
and consequently:
n1
n
120
0.90
150
0.85
185
0.80
240
0.75
300
0.72
182
IT system
The formulas below are valid when a second fault turns the IT system into a TN
system.
It is necessary to separately examine installations with neutral not distributed
and neutral distributed.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
183
Dy
L1
I k min
L2
0.8 U r S
=
k1 k2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m) L
L3
N
PE
and consequently:
L=
0.8 U r S
k1 k 2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m) I k min
Dy
PE
Z
Ik
PE
L3 L2 L1
Ik
N L3 L2 L1
L2
1SDC010045F0001
L1
PE
L3
PE
REN
PE
Z
Ik
PE
L3 L2 L1
L3 L2 L1
1SDC010044F0001
Ik
PE
REN
The tables showing the maximum protected length (MPL) have been defined
considering the following conditions:
- one cable per phase;
- rated voltage equal to 400 V (three-phase system);
- copper cables;
- neutral not distributed, for IT system only;
- protective conductor cross section according to Table 1:
Neutral distributed
Case A: three-phase circuits in IT system with neutral distributed
The formula is:
I k min =
0.8 U 0 S
k1 k2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m) L
and consequently:
L=
0.8 U 0 S
k1 k2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m) I k min
Note: phase and protective conductors having the same isolation and conductive materials
I k min =
0.8 U 0 SN
k1 k 2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m1) L
and consequently:
L=
For conditions different from the reference ones, the following correction factors
shall be applied.
0.8 U 0 SN
k1 k 2
2 1.5 1.2 (1 + m1) I k min
184
185
Correction factors
Correction factor for cable in parallel per phase: the value of the maximum
protected length read in Table 2 (TN system) or Table 3 (IT system) shall be
multiplied by the following factor:
n
2
3
4
5
kp
2
2.7
3
3.2
n is the number of conductors in parallel per phase.
6
3.3
7
3.4
8
3.5
Correction factor for three-phase voltage different from 400 V: the value
of the maximum protected length read in Table 2 (TN system) or Table 3 (IT
system) shall be multiplied by the following factor:
voltage [V]
kV
230
0.58
400
1
440
1.1
500
1.25
690
1.73
TN system MPL
by MCB
Table 2.1: Curve Z
CURVE
In
I3
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
Z
10
30
Z
13
39
Z
16
48
Z
20
60
Z
25
75
Z
32
96
Z
40
120
Z
50
150
Z
63
189
173
288
461
692
1153
1845
2250
133
221
354
532
886
1419
1730
108
180
288
432
721
1153
1406
86
144
231
346
577
923
1125
69
115
185
277
461
738
900
54
90
144
216
360
577
703
43
72
115
173
288
461
563
58
92
138
231
369
450
45
72
108
180
288
352
Correction factor for aluminium cables: the value of the maximum protected
length read in Table 2 (TN system) or Table 3 (IT system) shall be multiplied by
the following factor:
kAl
0.64
SPE/S
S
16 mm2
25 mm2
35 mm2
>35 mm2
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.66
0.67
0.85
1.06
1.00
0.71
0.91
1.13
1.06
0.75
0.96
1.20
1.13
0.80
1.02
1.27
1.2
0.75
kPE
0.86
1.10
1.37
1.29
0.87
1.25
1.5
0.93
1.19
1.48
1.39
1.00
1.28
1.59
1.5
1.11
1.42
1.77
1.67
1.20
1.54
1.91
1.8
1.33
1.71
2.13
2.00
186
CURVE
In
I3
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
B
6
30
B
8
40
B
10
50
B
13
65
B
16
80
B
20
100
B
25
125
B
32
160
B
40
200
B
50
250
B
63
315
173
288
461
692
1153
1845
2250
130
216
346
519
865
1384
1688
104
173
277
415
692
1107
1350
80
133
213
319
532
852
1039
65
108
173
259
432
692
844
52
86
138
208
346
554
675
42
69
111
166
277
443
540
32
54
86
130
216
346
422
26
43
69
104
173
277
338
35
55
83
138
221
270
27
44
66
110
176
214
B
80
400
B
100
500
35
52
86
138
169
190
28
42
69
111
135
152
C
8
80
C
10
100
C
13
130
C
16
160
C
20
200
C
25
250
C
32
320
C
40
400
C
50
500
C
63
630
65
108
173
259
432
692
844
52
86
138
208
346
554
675
40
67
106
160
266
426
519
32
54
86
130
216
346
422
26
21
16
13
43
35
27
22
17
14
69
55
43
35
28
22
104 83
65
52
42
33
173 138 108 86
69
55
277 221 173 138 111 88
338 270 211 169 135 107
C
C
C
80
100 125
800 1000 1250
17
26
43
69
84
95
14
21
35
55
68
76
11
17
28
44
54
61
187
TN system MPL
by MCB
TN system MPL
by MCCB
Table 2.6: TmaxT1 TMD
K
2
28
K
3
42
185
308
492
738
1231
1969
2401
123
205
328
492
820
1313
1601
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
4 4.2 5.8 6
8 10 11 13 15 16 20 25 26 32 37 40 41 45 50 63
56 59 81 84 112 140 154 182 210 224 280 350 364 448 518 560 574 630 700 882
92 88
154 146
246 234
369 350
615 584
984 934
1201 1140
64
106
170
255
425
681
830
62
103
164
246
410
656
800
46
77
123
185
308
492
600
37
62
98
148
246
394
480
34
56
89
134
224
358
437
28
47
76
114
189
303
369
25
41
66
98
164
263
320
23
38
62
92
154
246
300
18
31
49
74
123
197
240
15
25
39
59
98
158
192
14
24
38
57
95
151
185
12
19
31
46
77
123
150
10
17
27
40
67
106
130
9
15
25
37
62
98
120
15
24
36
60
96
117
14
22
33
55
88
107
20
30
49
79
96
16
23
39
63
76
D
4
80
D
6
120
D
8
160
D
10
200
D
13
260
D
16
320
D
20
400
D
25
500
D
32
640
D
D
D
D
D
40
50
63
80 100
800 1000 1260 1600 2000
65
108
173
259
432
692
844
43
72
115
173
288
461
563
32
54
86
130
216
346
422
26
43
69
104
173
277
338
20
33
53
80
133
213
260
16
27
43
65
108
173
211
13
22
35
52
86
138
169
10
17
28
42
69
111
135
8
14
22
32
54
86
105
6
11
17
26
43
69
84
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
T1
50
500 A
T1
63
10 In
T1
80
10 In
T1
100
10 In
T1
125
10 In
T1
160
10 In
6
10
15
23
38
62
75
84
128
179
252
12
18
31
49
60
67
102
142
200
10
14
24
38
47
53
80
112
157
8
12
19
31
38
42
64
90
126
6
9
15
25
30
34
51
72
101
7
12
19
23
26
40
56
79
7
11
16
27
44
54
9
13
22
35
42
47
7
10
17
28
34
38
188
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
T2
T2
In
1.6
2
I3
10 In 10 In
SPE
1.5 246 197
2.5 410 328
4
655 524
6
983 786
10 1638 1311
16 2621 2097
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
T2 T2 T2 T2 T2
T2 T2 T2
T2
T2 T2 T2 T2
T2
2.5 3.2
4
5 6.3
8
10 12.5 1650 63 80 100 125 160
10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 500 A 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In
157
262
419
629
1048
1677
123
205
328
491
819
1311
1598
98
164
262
393
655
1048
1279
79
131
210
315
524
839
1023
1151
62
104
166
250
416
666
812
914
49
82
131
197
328
524
639
720
1092
39
66
105
157
262
419
511
576
874
31
52
84
126
210
335
409
460
699
979
8
13
21
31
52
84
102
115
175
245
343
417
518
526
17
25
42
67
81
91
139
194
273
331
411
418
13
20
33
52
64
72
109
153
215
261
324
329
10
16
26
42
51
58
87
122
172
209
259
263
8
13
21
34
41
46
70
98
137
167
207
211
10
16
26
32
36
55
76
107
130
162
165
189
In
I3
SPE
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
120
S
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
T3
80
10 In
T3
100
10 In
T3
125
10 In
17
25
42
67
81
91
139
194
273
331
411
418
499
13
20
33
52
64
72
109
153
215
261
324
329
393
10
16
26
42
51
58
87
122
172
209
259
263
315
8
13
21
34
41
46
70
98
137
167
207
211
252
T3
160
10 In
T3
200
10 In
10
16
26
32
36
55
76
107
130
162
165
197
8
13
21
26
29
44
61
86
104
130
132
157
T3
250
10 In
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
10
17
20
23
35
49
69
83
104
105
126
T2
25
5.5 In
T2
63
5.5 In
T2
100
5.5 In
T2
160
5.5 In
79
131
210
315
524
839
1023
1151
1747
2446
3434
4172
5183
5265
31
52
84
126
210
335
409
460
699
979
1374
1669
2073
2106
12
21
33
50
83
133
162
183
277
388
545
662
823
836
21
31
52
84
102
115
175
245
343
417
518
526
20
33
52
64
72
109
153
215
261
324
329
Note: if the setting of function I is different from the reference value (5.5) the value of the
MPL shall be multiplied by the ratio between the reference value and the set value.
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
3250 80
100 125 160 200 250 3250 80
500 A 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 300 A 5 In
8
13
21
31
52
84
102
115
175
245
343
417
518
526
13
20
33
52
64
72
109
153
215
261
324
329
10
16
26
42
51
58
87
122
172
209
259
263
8
13
21
34
41
46
70
98
137
167
207
211
10
16
26
32
36
55
76
107
130
162
165
8
13
21
26
29
44
61
86
104
130
132
10
17
20
23
35
49
69
83
104
105
13
22
35
52
87
140
170
192
291
408
572
695
864
877
26
39
66
105
128
144
218
306
429
521
648
658
S3
100
5 In
21
31
52
84
102
115
175
245
343
417
518
526
S3
125
5 In
17
25
42
67
81
91
139
194
273
331
411
418
S3
160
5 In
20
33
52
64
72
109
153
215
261
324
329
S3
200
5 In
16
26
42
51
58
87
122
172
209
259
263
S3
250
5 In
21
34
41
46
70
98
137
167
207
211
S
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
In
I3
SPE
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
120
150
S4
100
6 In
S4
160
6 In
S4
250
6 In
12
19
29
48
77
94
106
160
224
315
382
475
483
18
30
48
59
66
100
140
197
239
297
302
19
31
38
42
64
90
126
153
190
193
S5
320
6 In
S5
400
6 In
S5
630
6 In
S6
630
6 In
24
29
33
50
70
98
119
148
151
180
216
23
26
40
56
79
96
119
121
144
173
25
36
50
61
75
77
92
110
25
36
50
61
75
77
92
110
S6
S7
S7
S7
S8
S8
S8
S8
800 1000 1250 1600 1600 2000 2500 3200
6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In
20
28
39
48
59
60
72
86
22
31
38
48
48
58
69
18
25
31
38
39
46
55
14
20
24
30
30
36
43
14
20
24
30
30
36
43
16
19
24
24
29
35
13
15
19
19
23
28
10
12
15
15
18
22
190
191
IT system MPL
by MCB
IT system MPL
by MCB
Table 3.1: Curve Z
CURVE
In
I3
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
Z
8
30
Z
10
30
Z
13
39
Z
16
48
Z
20
60
Z
25
75
Z
32
96
Z
40
120
Z
50
150
Z
63
189
150
250
400
599
999
1598
1949
150
250
400
599
999
1598
1949
115
192
307
461
768
1229
1499
94
156
250
375
624
999
1218
75
125
200
300
499
799
974
60
100
160
240
400
639
780
47
78
125
187
312
499
609
37
62
100
150
250
400
487
50
80
120
200
320
390
40
63
95
159
254
309
CURVE
K
K K
In
2 3 4
I3
28 42 56
S SPE
1.5 1.5 161 107 80
2.5 2.5 268 178 134
4
4 428 285 214
6
6 642 428 321
10 10 1070 713 535
16 16 1712 1141 856
25 16 2088 1392 1044
K K
4.2 5.8
59 81
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
6
8 10 11 13 15 16 20 25 26 32 37 40 41 45 50 63
84 112 140 154 182 210 224 280 350 364 448 518 560 574 630 700 882
76
127
204
306
510
815
994
54
89
143
214
357
571
696
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
40
67
107
161
268
428
522
32
54
86
128
214
342
418
29
49
78
117
195
311
380
25
41
66
99
165
263
321
21
36
57
86
143
228
278
20
33
54
80
134
214
261
16
27
43
64
107
171
209
13
21
34
51
86
137
167
12
21
33
49
82
132
161
10
17
27
40
67
107
130
9
14
23
35
58
93
113
8
13
21
32
54
86
104
13
21
31
52
84
102
12
19
29
48
76
93
17
26
43
68
84
14
20
34
54
66
55
92
148
221
369
590
720
B
6
30
B
8
40
B
10
50
B
13
65
B
16
80
B
20
100
B
25
125
B
32
160
B
40
200
B
50
250
B
63
315
150
250
400
599
999
1598
1949
112
187
300
449
749
1199
1462
90
150
240
360
599
959
1169
69
115
184
277
461
738
899
56
94
150
225
375
599
731
45
75
120
180
300
479
585
36
60
96
144
240
384
468
28
47
75
112
187
300
365
22
37
60
90
150
240
292
30
48
72
120
192
234
24
38
57
95
152
186
B
80
400
B
100
500
30
45
75
120
146
165
24
36
60
96
117
132
CURVE
D
D
In
2
3
I3
40
60
S
SPE
1.5 1.5 112 75
2.5 2.5 187 125
4
4
300 200
6
6
449 300
10
10 749 499
16
16 1199 799
25
16 1462 974
35
D
4
80
D
6
120
D
8
160
D
10
200
D
13
260
D
16
320
D
20
400
D
25
500
D
32
640
D
D
D
D
D
40
50
63
80 100
800 1000 1260 1600 2000
56
94
150
225
375
599
731
37
62
100
150
250
400
487
28
47
75
112
187
300
365
22
37
60
90
150
240
292
17
29
46
69
115
184
225
14
23
37
56
94
150
183
11
19
30
45
75
120
146
9
15
24
36
60
96
117
7
12
19
28
47
75
91
6
9
15
22
37
60
73
7
12
18
30
48
58
6
10
14
24
38
46
7
11
19
30
37
41
6
9
15
24
29
33
C
6
60
C
8
80
C
10
100
C
13
130
C
16
160
C
20
200
C
25
250
C
32
320
C
40
400
C
50
500
C
63
630
75
125
200
300
499
799
974
56
94
150
225
375
599
731
45
75
120
180
300
479
585
35
58
92
138
230
369
450
28
47
75
112
187
300
365
22
37
60
90
150
240
292
18
30
48
72
120
192
234
14
23
37
56
94
150
183
11
19
30
45
75
120
146
15
24
36
60
96
117
12
19
29
48
76
93
C
C
C
80 100 125
800 1000 1250
15
22
37
60
73
82
12
18
30
48
58
66
10
14
24
38
47
53
192
193
IT system MPL
by MCCB
Table 3.6: Tmax T1 TMD
T1
50
500 A
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
5
8
13
20
33
53
65
73
111
155
218
T1
63
10 In
11
16
26
42
52
58
88
123
173
T1
100
10 In
8
12
21
33
41
46
69
97
136
T1
125
10 In
7
10
17
27
32
37
55
78
109
T1
160
10 In
5
8
13
21
26
29
44
62
87
In
I3
S
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
6
10
17
20
23
35
49
68
SPE
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
120
T3
63
10 In
T3
80
10 In
T3
100
10 In
T3
125
10 In
T3
160
10 In
T3
200
10 In
T3
250
10 In
14
22
36
58
70
79
120
168
236
287
356
362
432
11
17
28
45
55
62
95
132
186
226
281
285
340
9
14
23
36
44
50
76
106
149
181
224
228
272
7
11
18
29
35
40
61
85
119
145
180
182
218
9
14
23
28
31
47
66
93
113
140
142
170
7
11
18
22
25
38
53
74
90
112
114
136
9
15
18
20
30
42
59
72
90
91
109
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
T2
T2
T2
1.6
2
2.5
10 In 10 In 10 In
213
355
567
851
1419
2270
170
284
454
681
1135
1816
T2
T2 T2
T2 T2 T2 T2 T2
T2 T2 T2 T2
3.2
4
5
6.3
8
10 12.51650 63
80 100 125
10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 500 A 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In
136 106
227 177
363 284
545 426
908 709
1453 1135
1384
85
142
227
340
567
908
1107
68
113
182
272
454
726
886
997
54
90
144
216
360
576
703
791
43
71
113
170
284
454
554
623
946
34
57
91
136
227
363
443
498
757
27
7
45 11
73 18
109 27
182 45
291 73
354 89
399 100
605 151
847 212
297
361
449
456
14
22
36
58
70
79
120
168
236
287
356
362
11
17
28
45
55
62
95
132
186
226
281
285
9
14
23
36
44
50
76
106
149
181
224
228
7
11
18
29
35
40
61
85
119
145
180
182
T2
160
10 In
9
14
23
28
31
47
66
93
113
140
142
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
3250 80
100 125 160 200 250 3250 80
500 A 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 10 In 300 A 5 In
7
11
18
27
45
73
89
100
151
212
297
361
449
456
11
17
28
45
55
62
95
132
186
226
281
285
9
14
23
36
44
50
76
106
149
181
224
228
7
11
18
29
35
40
61
85
119
145
180
182
9
14
23
28
31
47
66
93
113
140
142
7
11
18
22
25
38
53
74
90
112
114
9
15
18
20
30
42
59
72
90
91
11
19
30
45
76
121
148
166
252
353
496
602
748
760
23
34
57
91
111
125
189
265
372
452
561
570
S3
100
5 In
S3
125
5 In
S3
160
5 In
S3
200
5 In
S3
250
5 In
18
27
45
73
89
100
151
212
297
361
449
456
14
22
36
58
70
79
120
168
236
287
356
362
17
28
45
55
62
95
132
186
226
281
285
14
23
36
44
50
76
106
149
181
224
228
18
29
35
40
61
85
119
145
180
182
194
195
IT system MPL
by MCCB
IT system MPL
by MCCB
S
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
In
I3
SPE
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
T2
10
5.5 In
T2
25
5.5 In
T2
63
5.5 In
68
113
182
272
454
726
886
997
1513
2119
2974
3613
4489
4559
27
45
73
109
182
291
354
399
605
847
1190
1445
1796
1824
11
18
29
43
72
115
141
158
240
336
472
573
713
724
T2
100
5.5 In
18
27
45
73
89
100
151
212
297
361
449
456
T2
160
5.5 In
S
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
17
28
45
55
62
95
132
186
226
281
285
Note: if the setting of function I is different from the reference value (5.5) the MPL value
shall be multiplied by the ratio between the reference value and the set value.
196
In
I3
SPE
2.5
4
6
10
16
16
16
25
35
50
70
95
95
120
150
S4
100
6 In
S4
160
6 In
S4
250
6 In
10
17
25
42
67
81
91
139
194
273
331
411
418
16
26
42
51
57
87
121
170
207
257
261
17
27
32
37
55
78
109
132
165
167
S5
320
6 In
S5
400
6 In
S5
630
6 In
S6
630
6 In
21
25
29
43
61
85
103
129
131
156
187
20
23
35
49
68
83
103
104
125
150
22
31
43
53
65
66
79
95
22
31
43
53
65
66
79
95
S6
S7
S7
S7
S8
S8
S8
S8
800 1000 1250 1600 1600 2000 2500 3200
6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In 6 In
17
24
34
41
51
52
62
75
19
27
33
41
42
50
60
16
22
26
33
33
40
48
12
17
21
26
26
31
37
12
17
21
26
26
31
37
14
17
21
21
25
30
11
13
16
17
20
24
9
10
13
13
16
19
Note 1: if the setting of function S or I is different from the reference value (6)
the MPL value shall be multiplied by the ratio between the reference value and the set
value. Besides, using function S, the MPL shall be multiplied by 1.1.
Note 2: for S4X and S6X, S4 and S6 values shall respectively be applied.
197
Side
Definition of the current carrying capacity, impedance and voltage drop of cables.
Side
Calculation of the short-circuit current for three-phase fault on the load side of
a cable line with known cross section and length.
In addition, a diagram for the calculation of the short-circuit current on the load
side of elements with known impedance.
1SDC008059F0001
These two-sided slide rules are available in four different colors, easily identified
by subject:
- yellow slide rule: cable sizing;
- orange slide rule: cable verification and protection;
- green slide rule: protection coordination;
- blue slide rule: motor and transformer protection.
ABB also offers a slide rule for contactor choice.
198
199
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Side
Verification of cable protection against indirect contact and short-circuit with
ABB SACE MCCBs (moulded-case circuit-breakers).
Side
Selection of the circuit-breakers when back-up protection is provided.
Side
Definition of the discrimination limit current for the combination of two circuitbreakers in series.
200
1SDC008061F0001
1SDC008060F0001
Side
Verification of cable protection against indirect contact and short-circuit with
ABB MCBs (modular circuit-breakers).
201
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Side
Selection and coordination of the protection devices for the motor starter, DOL
start-up (coordination type 2 in compliance with the Standard IEC 60947-4-1).
This slide rule allows a quick selection of the contactor suitable for the plant
requirements.
In particular, according to the selected contactor, the slide rule can determine:
- the device for protection against short-circuit;
- rated operational current, power loss and maximum number of operations for
resistive load switching (category AC-1);
- thermal release and number of operations for motor switching in utilization
categories AC-3 and AC-4;
- number of incandescent lamps (category AC-5b) to be switched;
- maximum power and maximum peak current of the transformer (category
AC-6a) to be switched;
- maximum power and maximum peak current of the capacitor bank (category
AC-6b) to be switched;
- characteristic data, such as rated voltage and rated impulse withstand voltage,
controlled frequency range, coil consumption (holding and pull-in values), etc.;
- Y/ and DOL coordination with fuses and circuit-breakers.
202
1SDC008063F0001
1SDC008062F0001
Side
Sizing of a transformer feeder.
In addition, a diagram for the calculation of the short-circuit current on the load
side of transformers with known rated power.
203
A.2 DOCWin
Supplies
There are no pre-defined limits: the software manages MV and LV power
supplies and generators, MV/LV and LV/LV transformers, with two or three
windings, with or without voltage regulator, according to the requirements.
Network calculation
Load Flow calculation using the Newton-Raphson method. The software can
manage networks with multiple slacks and unbalances due to single- or twophase loads. Magnitude and phase shift of the node voltage and of the branch
current are completely defined for each point of the network, for both MV as
well as LV.
Calculation of the active and reactive power required by each single power
source.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
204
205
A.2 DOCWin
A.2 DOCWIN
Calculation tools
Calculation tools
Printouts
Single-line diagram, curves and reports of the single components of the
network can be printed by any printer supported by the hardware
configuration.
All information can be exported in the most common formats of data exchange.
All print modes can be customized.
Discrimination and back-up verification also through quick access to
coordination tables.
206
207
P
Ib =
k U r cos
P [kW]
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
where:
P is the active power [W];
k is a coefficient which has the value:
- 1 for single-phase systems or for direct current systems;
for three-phase systems;
Ur is the rated voltage [V] (for three-phase systems it is the line voltage, for
single-phase systems it is the phase voltage);
cos is the power factor.
Table 1 allows the load current to be determined for some power values
according to the rated voltage. The table has been calculated considering cos
to be equal to 0.9; for different power factors, the value from Table 1 must be
multiplied by the coefficient given in Table 2 corresponding to the actual value
of the power factor (cosact).
P [kW]
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
2
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
200
230
400
415
0.08
0.11
0.17
0.28
0.56
1.39
2.79
5.58
13.95
27.89
55.78
83.67
111.57
139.46
167.35
195.24
223.13
251.02
278.91
306.80
334.70
362.59
390.48
418.37
557.83
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.16
0.32
0.80
1.60
3.21
8.02
16.04
32.08
48.11
64.15
80.19
96.23
112.26
128.30
144.34
160.38
176.41
192.45
208.49
224.53
240.56
320.75
0.05
0.06
0.09
0.15
0.31
0.77
1.55
3.09
7.73
15.46
30.92
46.37
61.83
77.29
92.75
108.20
123.66
139.12
154.58
170.04
185.49
200.95
216.41
231.87
309.16
Ur [V]
440
Ib [A]
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.15
0.29
0.73
1.46
2.92
7.29
14.58
29.16
43.74
58.32
72.90
87.48
102.06
116.64
131.22
145.80
160.38
174.95
189.53
204.11
218.69
291.59
230
400
415
697.28
836.74
976.20
1115.65
1255.11
1394.57
1534.02
1673.48
1812.94
1952.39
2091.85
2231.31
2370.76
2510.22
2649.68
2789.13
400.94
481.13
561.31
641.50
721.69
801.88
882.06
962.25
1042.44
1122.63
1202.81
1283.00
1363.19
1443.38
1523.56
1603.75
386.45
463.74
541.02
618.31
695.60
772.89
850.18
927.47
1004.76
1082.05
1159.34
1236.63
1313.92
1391.21
1468.49
1545.78
Ur [V]
440
Ib[A]
364.49
437.39
510.28
583.18
656.08
728.98
801.88
874.77
947.67
1020.57
1093.47
1166.36
1239.26
1312.16
1385.06
1457.96
500
600
690
320.75
384.90
449.05
513.20
577.35
641.50
705.65
769.80
833.95
898.10
962.25
1026.40
1090.55
1154.70
1218.85
1283.00
267.29
320.75
374.21
427.67
481.13
534.58
588.04
641.50
694.96
748.42
801.88
855.33
908.79
962.25
1015.71
1069.17
232.43
278.91
325.40
371.88
418.37
464.86
511.34
557.83
604.31
650.80
697.28
743.77
790.25
836.74
883.23
929.71
Table 2: Correction factors for load current with cos other than 0.9
500
600
690
0.04
0.05
0.08
0.13
0.26
0.64
1.28
2.57
6.42
12.83
25.66
38.49
51.32
64.15
76.98
89.81
102.64
115.47
128.30
141.13
153.96
166.79
179.62
192.45
256.60
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.11
0.21
0.53
1.07
2.14
5.35
10.69
21.38
32.08
42.77
53.46
64.15
74.84
85.53
96.23
106.92
117.61
128.30
138.99
149.68
160.38
213.83
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.19
0.46
0.93
1.86
4.65
9.30
18.59
27.89
37.19
46.49
55.78
65.08
74.38
83.67
92.97
102.27
111.57
120.86
130.16
139.46
185.94
208
cosact
kcos*
*
1
0.9
0.95
0.947
0.9
1
0.85
1.059
kcos =
0.8
1.125
0.75
1.2
0.7
1.286
0.9
cos act
Table 3 allows the load current to be determined for some power values
according to the rated voltage. The table has been calculated considering cos
to be equal to 1; for different power factors, the value from Table 3 must be
multiplied by the coefficient given in Table 4 corresponding to the actual value
of the power factor (cosact).
Table 3: Load current for single-phase systems with cos = 1 or dc
systems
P [kW]
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
2
5
10
20
230
400
0.13
0.17
0.26
0.43
0.87
2.17
4.35
8.70
21.74
43.48
86.96
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.25
0.50
1.25
2.50
5.00
12.50
25.00
50.00
Ur [V]
415
440
Ib [A]
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.09
0.14
0.14
0.24
0.23
0.48
0.45
1.20
1.14
2.41
2.27
4.82
4.55
12.05
11.36
24.10
22.73
48.19
45.45
500
600
690
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.20
0.40
1.00
2.00
4.00
10.00
20.00
40.00
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.17
0.33
0.83
1.67
3.33
8.33
16.67
33.33
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.14
0.29
0.72
1.45
2.90
7.25
14.49
28.99
209
400
130.43
173.91
217.39
260.87
304.35
347.83
391.30
434.78
478.26
521.74
565.22
608.70
652.17
869.57
1086.96
1304.35
1521.74
1739.13
1956.52
2173.91
2391.30
2608.70
2826.09
3043.48
3260.87
3478.26
3695.65
3913.04
4130.43
4347.83
75.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
175.00
200.00
225.00
250.00
275.00
300.00
325.00
350.00
375.00
500.00
625.00
750.00
875.00
1000.00
1125.00
1250.00
1375.00
1500.00
1625.00
1750.00
1875.00
2000.00
2125.00
2250.00
2375.00
2500.00
P [kW]
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Ur [V]
415
440
Ib [A]
72.29
96.39
120.48
144.58
168.67
192.77
216.87
240.96
265.06
289.16
313.25
337.35
361.45
481.93
602.41
722.89
843.37
963.86
1084.34
1204.82
1325.30
1445.78
1566.27
1686.75
1807.23
1927.71
2048.19
2168.67
2289.16
2409.64
68.18
90.91
113.64
136.36
159.09
181.82
204.55
227.27
250.00
272.73
295.45
318.18
340.91
454.55
568.18
681.82
795.45
909.09
1022.73
1136.36
1250.00
1363.64
1477.27
1590.91
1704.55
1818.18
1931.82
2045.45
2159.09
2272.73
500
600
690
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
200.00
220.00
240.00
260.00
280.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00
1300.00
1400.00
1500.00
1600.00
1700.00
1800.00
1900.00
2000.00
50.00
66.67
83.33
100.00
116.67
133.33
150.00
166.67
183.33
200.00
216.67
233.33
250.00
333.33
416.67
500.00
583.33
666.67
750.00
833.33
916.67
1000.00
1083.33
1166.67
1250.00
1333.33
1416.67
1500.00
1583.33
1666.67
43.48
57.97
72.46
86.96
101.45
115.94
130.43
144.93
159.42
173.91
188.41
202.90
217.39
289.86
362.32
434.78
507.25
579.71
652.17
724.64
797.10
869.57
942.03
1014.49
1086.96
1159.42
1231.88
1304.35
1376.81
1449.28
Table 4: Correction factors for load current with cos other than 1
cosact
kcos*
*
1
1
0.95
1.053
0.9
1.111
0.85
1.176
Lighting circuits
kcos =
0.8
1.25
0.75
1.333
0.7
1.429
1
cos act
The current absorbed by the lighting system may be deduced from the lighting
equipment catalogue, or approximately calculated using the following formula:
Ib=
PL nL kBkN
U rL cos
where:
PL is the power of the lamp [W];
nL is the number of lamps per phase;
kB is a coefficient which has the value:
- 1 for lamps which do not need any auxiliary starter;
- 1.25 for lamps which need auxiliary starters;
kN is a coefficient which has the value:
- 1 for star-connected lamps;
for delta-connected lamps;
UrL is the rated voltage of the lamps;
cos is the power factor of the lamps which has the value:
- 0.4 for lamps without compensation;
- 0.9 for lamps with compensation.
ABB SACE - Electrical devices
210
Motors
Table 5 gives the approximate values of the load current for some three-phase
squirrel-cage motors, 1500 rpm at 50 Hz, according to the rated voltage.
Note: these values are given for information only, and may vary according to the motor manifacturer
and depending on the number of poles
PS = hp
1/12
1/8
1/6
1/4
1/3
1/2
3/4
1
1.5
2
3
3.4
4
5
5.5
6.8
7.5
8.8
10
11
12.5
15
17
20
25
27
30
34
40
50
54
60
70
75
80
100
110
125
136
150
175
180
190
200
220
245
250
270
300
340
350
400
430
480
545
610
645
680
760
810
910
240 V
[A]
0.35
0.50
0.68
1
1.38
1.93
2.3
3.1
4.1
5.6
7.9
8.9
10.6
13
14
17.2
18.9
21.8
24.8
26.4
29.3
35.3
40.2
48.2
58.7
63.4
68
77.2
92.7
114
123
136
154
166
178
226
241
268
297
327
384
393
416
432
471
530
541
589
647
736
756
868
927
1010
1130
1270
1340
1420
1580
380-400 V
[A]
0.22
0.33
0.42
0.64
0.88
1.22
1.5
2
2.6
3.5
5
5.7
6.6
8.2
8.5
10.5
11.5
13.8
15.5
16.7
18.3
22
25
30
37
40
44
50
60
72
79
85
97
105
112
140
147
170
188
205
242
245
260
273
295
333
340
370
408
460
475
546
580
636
710
800
850
890
1000
1080
1200
415 V
[A]
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.60
0.85
1.15
1.40
2
2.5
3.5
5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.4
10
11
12.5
14
15.4
17
21
23
28
35
37
40
47
55
66
72
80
90
96
105
135
138
165
182
200
230
242
250
260
280
320
325
340
385
425
450
500
535
580
650
740
780
830
920
990
1100
440 V
[A]
0.19
0.28
0.37
0.55
0.76
1.06
1.25
1.67
2.26
3.03
4.31
4.9
5.8
7.1
7.6
9.4
10.3
12
13.5
14.4
15.8
19.3
21.9
26.3
32
34.6
37.1
42.1
50.1
61.9
67
73.9
83.8
90.3
96.9
123
131
146
162
178
209
214
227
236
256
289
295
321
353
401
412
473
505
549
611
688
730
770
860
920
1030
500 V
[A]
0.16
0.24
0.33
0.46
0.59
0.85
1.20
1.48
2.1
2.6
3.8
4.3
5.1
6.2
6.5
8.1
8.9
10.4
11.9
12.7
13.9
16.7
19
22.5
28.5
30.6
33
38
44
54
60
64.5
73.7
79
85.3
106
112
128
143
156
184
186
200
207
220
254
259
278
310
353
363
416
445
483
538
608
645
680
760
810
910
600 V
[A]
0.12
0.21
0.27
0.40
0.56
0.77
1.02
1.22
1.66
2.22
3.16
3.59
4.25
5.2
5.6
6.9
7.5
8.7
9.9
10.6
11.6
14.1
16.1
19.3
23.5
25.4
27.2
30.9
37.1
45.4
49.1
54.2
61.4
66.2
71.1
90.3
96.3
107
119
131
153
157
167
173
188
212
217
235
260
295
302
348
370
405
450
508
540
565
630
680
760
660-690 V
[A]
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.5
2
2.9
3.3
3.5
4.4
4.9
6
6.7
8.1
9
9.7
10.6
13
15
17.5
21
23
25
28
33
42
44
49
56
60
66
82
86
98
107
118
135
140
145
152
170
190
200
215
235
268
280
320
337
366
410
460
485
510
570
610
680
211
ZL
Fault typologies
In a three-phase circuit the following types of fault may occur:
three phase fault;
two phase fault;
phase to neutral fault;
pha PE fault.
ZL
ZL
ZN
IkLN
Phase to PE fault
ZL
ZL
ZL
ZL
IkLLL
ZL
IkLLL
ZL
ZPE IkLPE
IkLLL =
Ur
3 ZL
IkLLL
ZN
The following table allows the approximate value of a short-circuit current to be
found quickly.
Note
ZL
ZL
ZL
IkLLL
IkLL
IkLL
Two-phase
short-circuit
IkLLL
IkLL
IkLL=0.87IkLLL
U
3
= r =
IkLLL = 0.87 IkLLL
2Z L
2
IkLL
IkLLL=1.16IkLL
IkLN
ZN
Three-phase
short-circuit
212
Phase to neutral
short-circuit
IkLN
ILN=0.5IkLLL (ZL = ZN)
ILN=0.33IkLLL (ZL = 0,5ZN)
ILN=IkLLL (ZN 0)
IkLN=0.58IkLL (ZL = ZN)
IkLN=0.38IkLL (ZL = 0,5ZN)
IkLN=1.16IkLL (ZN 0)
Phase to PE short-circuit
(TN system)
IkLPE
ILPE=0.5IkLLL (ZL = ZPE)
ILPE=0.33IkLLL (ZL = 0.5ZPE)
ILPE=IkLLL (ZPE 0)
IkLPE=0.58IkLL (ZL = ZPE)
IkLPE=0.38IkLL (ZL = 0.5ZPE)
IkLPE=1.16IkLL (ZPE 0)
213
Two-phase short-circuit
Ik =
Sk
2 Ur
Generator
The short-circuit power is obtained from:
where:
Sk is the short-circuit apparent power seen at the point of the fault;
Ur is the rated voltage.
S kgen =
To determine the short-circuit apparent power Sk, all the elements of the network
shall be taken into account, which may be:
elements which contribute to the short-circuit current:
network, generators, motors;
elements which limit the value of the short-circuit current:
conductors and transformers.
S r 100
X * d%
where X*d% is the percentage value of the subtransient reactance (Xd) or of the
transient reactance (Xd) or of the synchronous reactance (Xd), according to the
instant in which the value of the short-circuit power is to be evaluated.
In general, the reactances are expressed in percentages of the rated impedance
of the generator (Zd) given by:
The procedure for the calculation of the short-circuit current involves the following
steps:
1. calculation of the short-circuit power for the different elements of the
installation;
2. calculation of the short-circuit power at the fault point;
3. calculation of the short-circuit current.
Zd =
Ur
Sr
where Ur and Sr are the rated voltage and power of the generator.
Typical values can be:
- Xd from 10 % to 20 %;
- Xd from 15 % to 40 %;
- Xd from 80 % to 300 %.
Normally, the worst case is considered, that being the subtransient reactance.
The following table gives the approximate values of the short-circuit power of
generators (Xd = 12.5 %):
214
Sr [kVA]
Skgen [MVA]
50
0.4
63
0.5
125 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000
1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.4 8.0 10.0 12.8 16.0 20.0 25.6 32.0
215
230 [V]
Under short circuit conditions, electric motors contribute to the fault for a brief
period (5-6 periods).
The power can be calculated according to the short circuit current of the motor
(Ik), by using the following expression:
Skmot = 3 U r I k
Typical values are:
Skmot= 57 Srmot
(Ik is about 57 Irmot: 5 for motors of small size, and 7 for larger motors).
Transformers
The short circuit power of a transformer (Sktrafo) can be calculated by using the
following formula:
Sktrafo =
100
Sr
uk %
The following table gives the approximate values of the short circuit power of
transformers:
S [mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
0.44
0.73
1.16
1.75
2.9
4.6
7.2
10.0
13.4
19.1
25.5
31.2
36.2
42.5
49.1
54.2
690 [V]
230 [V]
3.94
6.55
10.47
15.74
26.2
41.5
65.2
90.0
120.8
171.5
229.7
280.4
326.0
382.3
441.5
488.0
0.44
0.73
1.16
1.75
2.9
4.6
7.2
10.0
13.3
18.8
24.8
29.9
34.3
39.5
44.5
48.3
690 [V]
3.94
6.55
10.47
15.73
26.2
41.5
65.0
89.6
119.8
168.8
223.1
269.4
308.8
355.6
400.7
434.7
With n cables in parallel, it is necessary to multiply the value given in the table
by n. If the length of the cable (Lact) is other than 10 m, it is necessary to
multiply the value given in the table by the following coefficient:
10
L act
63
4
1.6
125 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
3.1
4
5
6.3
8
10 12.5 15.8 16 20
25 26.7 33.3
The rule for the determination of the short-circuit power at a point in the
installation, according to the short-circuit power of the various elements of the
circuit, is analogue to that relevant to the calculation of the equivalent admittance.
In particular:
the power of elements in series is equal to the inverse of the sum of the
inverses of the single powers (as for the parallel of impedances);
Cables
Sk =
S kcable =
Ur
Zc
Sk = S i
Ur
=
3 ZL
The following table gives the approximate values of the short-circuit power of
cables, at 50 and 60 Hz, according to the supply voltage (cable length = 10 m):
the short-circuit power of elements in parallel is equal to the sum of the single
short-circuit powers (as for the series of impedances).
IkLLL
216
The elements of the circuit are considered to be in series or parallel, seeing the
circuit from the fault point.
In the case of different branches in parallel, the distribution of the current between
the different branches shall be calculated once the short-circuit current at the
fault point has been calculated. This must be done to ensure the correct choice
of protection devices installed in the branches.
217
SkUP
CB2
1SDC010050F0001
CB1
CB3
Fault
SkUP =
120
110
SkEL
100
90
Ik
80
70
60
SkUP = 50 MVA
50
40
CB2
CB3
Once the short-circuit power equivalent at the fault point has been determined,
the short-circuit current can be calculated by using the following formula:
Three-phase short-circuit
Two-phase short-circuit
Ik =
Ik =
SkUP = 40 MVA
30
SkUP = 30 MVA
SkUP = 20 MVA
20
10
SkUP = 10 MVA
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Sk
3 Ur
Sk
2 Ur
218
219
1SDC010052F0001
CB1
1SDC010051F0001
Fault
Examples:
The circuit, seen from the fault point, is represented by the series of the network
with the transformer. According to the previous rules, the short-circuit power is
determined by using the following formula:
S kCB1 =
Example 1
Motor:
Generic load:
IkCB1 =
Sr = 1600 kVA
uk% = 6%
U1r / U2r =20000/400
CB1
B
Pr = 220 kW
Ikmot/Ir = 6.6
cosr = 0.9
= 0.917
IrL= 1443.4 A
cosr= 0.9
CB2
CB3
S kCB1
= 36.6 kA
3 Ur
The transformer LV side rated current is equal to 2309 A; therefore the circuitbreaker to select is an Emax E3N 2500.
Using the chart shown in Figure 1, it is possible to find IkCB1 from the curve with
SkUP = Sknet = 500 MVA corresponding to SkEL = Sktrafo = 26.7 MVA:
1SDC010053F0001
Transformer:
S knet S ktrafo
= 25.35 MVA
S knet + S ktrafo
Ik [kA]
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
Pr
=
= 267 kVA
cos r
Transformer:
S rmot
Motor:
S rmot =
80
70
Pr
= 267 kVA
cos r
60
50
Skmot = 6.6.Srmot = 1.76 MVA for the first 5-6 periods (at 50 Hz about 100 ms)
Calculation of the short-circuit current for the selection of circuit-breakers
Ik = 36.5 kA
40
1SDC010054F0001
30
Selection of CB1
For circuit-breaker CB1, the worst condition arises when the fault occurs right
downstream of the circuit-breaker itself. In the case of a fault right upstream,
the circuit-breaker would be involved only by the fault current flowing from the
motor, which is remarkably smaller than the network contribution.
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
220
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SkEL [MVA]
221
Selection of CB2
For circuit-breaker CB2, the worst condition arises when the fault occurs right
downstream of the circuit-breaker itself. The circuit, seen from the fault point, is
represented by the series of the network with the transformer. The short-circuit
current is the same used for CB1.
Network
Transformers 1 and 2
The rated current of the motor is equal to 385 A; the circuit-breaker to select is
an Isomax S5H 400.
S ktrafo =
Sr
. 100 = 26.7 MVA
uk %
Selection of CB3
For CB3 too, the worst condition arises when the fault occurs right downstream
of the circuit-breaker itself.
The circuit, seen from the fault point, is represented by two branches in parallel:
the motor and the series of the network and transformer. According to the
previous rules, the short circuit power is determined by using the following
formula:
Motor // (Network + Transformer)
The rated current of the load L is equal to 1443 A; the circuit-breaker to select
is a SACE Isomax S7S 1600, or an Emax E2N1600.
Example 2
The circuit shown in the diagram is constituted by the supply, two transformers
in parallel and three loads.
Selection of CB3-CB4-CB5
For these circuit-breakers the worst condition arises when the fault occurs
right downstream of the circuit-breakers themselves. Therefore, the short-circuit
current to be taken into account is that at the busbar:
A
Trafo 2
Trafo 1
CB2
CB1
CB4
CB5
L2
L3
222
1SDC010055F0001
B
CB3
The circuit-breakers to select, with reference to the current of the loads, are:
CB3: Emax E3S 2500
CB4: Emax E3S 1600
CB5: Tmax T2H 160
223
Note:
The table below allows the determination, in a conservative way, of the threephase short-circuit current at a point in a 400 V network downstream of a
single pole copper cable at a temperature of 20 C. Known values:
- the three phase short-circuit current upstream of the cable;
- the length and cross section of the cable.
Length
[m]
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.2
4.8
Ik upstream
[kA]
100
96
90
86
80
77
70
68
60
58
50
49
40
39
35
34
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
12
12
10
10
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
3.0
1.1
1.5
2
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.7
4
4.8
5.6
6.4
7.2
8.4
10
92
83
75
66
57
48
39
34
29
24
20
15
12
10
7.9
5.9
3.0
0.9
1.2
1.7
2.3
3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.5
6
7.2
8.4
10
11
13
14
89
81
73
65
56
47
38
34
29
24
20
15
12
10
7.9
5.9
3.0
1.2
1.6
2.3
3.1
4
4.8
5.6
6.4
7.3
8
10
11
13
14
17
19
85
78
71
63
55
46
38
33
29
24
19
15
12
10
7.9
5.9
3.0
0.9
1.4
2
2.8
3.8
5
6
7
8
9.1
10
12
14
16
18
21
24
82
76
69
62
54
45
37
33
28
24
19
15
12
10
7.8
5.9
3.0
1.1
1.7
2.4
3.4
4.6
6
7.2
8.4
10
11
12
14
17
19
22
25
29
0.9
1.5
2.3
3.2
4.5
6.2
8
10
11
13
15
16
19
23
26
29
34
38
78
72
66
60
53
44
37
32
28
24
19
14
12
10
7.8
5.8
3.0
71
67
62
56
50
43
35
32
28
23
19
14
12
10
7.7
5.8
2.9
1.2
1.9
2.9
4
5.7
7.7
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
32
36
42
48
65
61
57
53
47
41
34
31
27
23
18
14
11
9.5
7.7
5.8
2.9
0.8
1.4
2.2
3.5
4.8
6.8
9.2
12
14
17
19
22
24
29
34
38
43
51
58
60
57
53
49
45
39
33
30
26
22
18
14
11
9.4
7.6
5.7
2.9
1.1
1.9
3
4.6
6.4
9
12
16
19
23
26
29
32
38
45
51
58
68
77
50
48
46
43
40
35
31
28
25
21
18
14
11
9.2
7.5
5.6
2.9
0.9
1.4
2.3
3.7
5.8
8
11
15
20
24
28
32
37
40
48
56
64
72
84
96
43
42
40
38
36
32
28
26
23
21
17
13
11
9.0
7.4
5.5
2.9
1.2
1.8
2.9
4.7
7.2
10
14
19
25
30
35
40
46
50
60
70
80
90
105
120
0.9
1.4
2.1
3.5
5.6
8.7
12
17
23
30
36
42
48
55
60
72
84
96
108
127
144
1
1.6
2.5
4.1
6.5
10
14
20
27
35
42
49
56
64
70
84
98
112
126
148
168
1.2
1.9
2.8
4.7
7.5
12
16
23
31
40
48
56
64
73
80
96
113
128
144
169
192
Ik downstream
[kA]
36 31 27 24
35 31 27 24
34 30 27 24
33 29 26 23
31 28 25 23
29 26 23 21
26 24 22 20
24 22 20 19
22 20 19 18
19 18 17 16
16 15 15 14
13 12 12 12
11 10 10 10
8.8 8.5 8.3 8.1
7.2 7.1 6.9 6.8
5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1
2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
0.9
1.5
2.3
3.5
5.8
9.3
14
20
28
38
50
60
70
80
91
100
120
141
160
180
211
240
20
20
20
19
19
18
17
16
16
14
13
11
9.3
7.7
6.5
4.9
2.7
1.1
1.8
2.8
4.2
7
11
17
24
34
46
60
72
84
96
110
120
144
169
192
216
253
288
17
17
17
16
16
15
15
14
14
13
12
10
8.8
7.3
6.2
4.8
2.6
1.4
2.3
3.7
5.6
9.4
15
23
32
45
62
80
96
113
128
146
160
192
225
256
288
338
384
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
8.7
7.8
6.5
5.7
4.4
2.5
1.8
2.9
4.7
7
12
19
29
40
57
77
100
120
141
160
183
200
240
281
320
360
422
480
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
9.3
9.0
8.4
7.6
7.0
5.9
5.2
4.1
2.4
2.5
4.1
6.6
10
16
26
41
56
79
108
140
168
197
224
256
280
336
394
448
505
3.5
5.9
9.4
14
23
37
58
80
113
154
200
240
281
320
366
400
481
563
5.3
8.8
14
21
35
56
87
121
170
231
300
360
422
480
549
7
12
19
28
47
75
116
161
226
308
400
481
9.4
16
25
38
63
100
155
216
303
413
14
24
38
56
94
150
233
324
455
Example
Data
Rated voltage =
Cable section =
Conductor =
Length =
400 V
120 mm2
copper
29 m
32 kA
400 V
Ik upstream = 32 kA
QF A
120 mm2
Cu/PVC
L = 29 m
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.5
6.1
5.7
5.0
4.5
3.6
2.2
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.1
2.0
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.4
1.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.9
224
QF B
1SDC010056F0001
Cable
section
[mm2]
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
2x120
2x150
2x185
3x120
3x150
3x185
In the case of the Ik upstream and the length of the cable not being included
in the table, it is necessary to consider:
the value right above Ik upstream;
the value right below for the cable length.
These approximations allow calculations which favour safety.
In the case of cables in parallel not present in the table, the length must be
divided by the number of cables in parallel.
Ik downstream = ?
QF C
Procedure
In the row corresponding to the cable cross section 120 mm2, it is possible to
find the column for a length equal to 29 m or right below (in this case 24). In the
column of upstream short-circuit current it is possible to identify the row with a
value of 32 kA or right above (in this case 35). From the intersection of this last
row with the previously identified column, the value of the downstream shortcircuit current can be read as being equal to 26 kA.
225
I t
2
S=
(1)
where:
S is the cross section [mm2];
I is the value (r.m.s) of prospective fault current for a fault of negligible
impedance, which can flow through the protective device [A];
t is the operating time of the protective device for automatic disconnection [s];
k can be evaluated using the tables 27 or calculated according to the formula (2):
k=
Qc (B+20)
20
ln 1+
f - i
B+i
Conductor insulation
Initial temperature C
Final temperature C
Material of conductor:
copper
aluminium
tin-soldered joints
in copper conductors
a
20
[mm]
Copper
Aluminium
Lead
Steel
234.5
228
230
202
3.4510-3
2.510-3
1.4510-3
3.810-3
17.24110-6
28.26410-6
21410-6
13810-6
Rubber
60 C
60
200
PVC
70
160
Bare
105
250
115
76
103
68
143
94
141
93
115
-
135/115 a
-
115
Mineral
Temperature C b
Material of conductor
Copper
Initial
30
30
30
30
30
30
Conductor insulation
70 C PVC
90 C PVC
90 C thermosetting
60 C rubber
85 C rubber
Silicone rubber
a
Qc
[J/Cmm3]
EPR
XLPE
90
250
PVC
300 mm2
70
140
(2)
where:
Qc is the volumetric heat capacity of conductor material [J/Cmm3] at 20 C;
B is the reciprocal of temperature coefficient of resistivity at 0 C for the
conductor [C];
20 is the electrical resistivity of conductor material at 20 C [mm];
i initial temperature of conductor [C];
f final temperature of conductor [C].
Material
PVC
300 mm2
70
160
Qc (B+20)
Final
160/140 a
160/140 a
250
200
220
350
143/133 a
143/133 a
176
159
166
201
Aluminium
Value for k
95/88 a
95/88 a
116
105
110
133
Steel
52/49 a
52/49 a
64
58
60
73
The lower value applies to PVC insulated conductors of cross section greater than
300 mm2 .
Temperature limits for various types of insulation are given in IEC 60724.
20
226
148
41
78
Material of conductor
Copper
Initial
30
30
30
Cable covering
PVC
Polyethylene
CSP
a
226
Final
200
150
220
159
138
166
Aluminium
Value for k
105
91
110
Steel
58
50
60
Temperature limits for various types of insulation are given in IEC 60724.
227
Material of conductor
Copper
Conductor insulation
70 C PVC
90 C PVC
90 C thermosetting
60 C rubber
85 C rubber
Silicone rubber
Initial
70
90
90
60
85
180
a
Final
160/140 a
160/140 a
250
200
220
350
Aluminium
Value for k
76/68 a
66/57 a
94
93
89
87
115/103 a
100/86 a
143
141
134
132
Steel
42/37 a
36/31 a
52
51
48
47
The lower value applies to PVC insulated conductors of cross section greater than
300 mm2 .
Temperature limits for various types of insulation are given in IEC 60724..
Material of conductor
Copper
Initial
60
80
80
55
75
70
105
Conductor insulation
70 C PVC
90 C PVC
90 C thermosetting
60 C rubber
85 C rubber
Mineral PVC covered a
Mineral bare sheath
a
Final
200
200
200
200
220
200
250
141
128
128
144
140
135
135
Aluminium
Lead
Value for k
93
85
85
95
93
-
Steel
26
23
23
26
26
-
51
46
46
52
51
-
This value shall also be used for bare conductors exposed to touch or in contact with
combustible material.
Conductor insulation
Visible and in restricted area
Normal conditions
Fire risk
Aluminium
Steel
Maximum
Maximum
Maximum
Initial
temperature
temperature
temperature
temperature
k value
C
k value
C
k value
C
C
228
500
125
300
82
500
30
159
200
105
200
58
200
30
138
150
91
150
50
150
30
228