Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Traduo:
Richard Gordon Hartley
Reviso portugus:
Carmen Penido
Reviso ingls:
Russel Franker
Projeto Grfico
Tiago Pedroza
Fotografias
L71a
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira
Aves do litoral norte da Bahia/Pedro Lima
Cerqueira;
[ilustraes] 1 ed. Bahia: AO, 2006.
616p.:
Bibliografia:
CDU 598.2
www.ao.com.br - AO ONLINE -> LIVROS; ATUALIDADES ORNITOLGICAS N. 134 Novembro/Dezembro de 2006 p.29
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AGRADECIMENTOS
Agradeo Cetrel em nome de seus diretores, Dr. Ney Silva, Dr. Carlos Eugnio e Dr.
Demstenes Miranda de Carvalho Filho, Renato Pinheiro que apoiaram e incentivaram todas as
minhas pesquisas de campo e financiaram a grande maioria delas e tambm agradeo a todos os
funcionrios da Cetrel, desde 1988 at hoje, que abraaram o ideal conservacionista. Tambm
a todas as empresas parceiras da Cetrel que contriburam atravs de seus funcionrios para
a conservao do meio ambiente, desde 1988 at o presente momento. Ao Dr. Jos Antnio
Andrade e ao Dr. Fonte Lima que foram os responsveis pelo meu ingresso na Cetrel em 1988
e que apoiaram as minhas novas idias visando a mudana de hbitos em prol da conservao.
A todos os estagirios que tive o prazer de conhecer, entre eles Joelson de Oliveira Castro e
Margarete Peixoto Maia que foram os meus primeiros estagirios e que muito contriburam
para as pesquisas; a Sidnei Sampaio dos Santos (Biologia- UFBA), com o qual tive o prazer de
trocar idias e conhecimentos por mais de 10 anos e que contribuiu significativamente para a
maioria das pesquisas. Relaciono, a seguir, os demais estagirios: Maria Teresa Nunes Marques
Rocha (Biologia UFBA), Francisco Pedro da Fonseca (Biologia UCSAL), Daniel Schmukler
(Biologia UFBA), Luciana Arajo Souza (Veterinria UFBA), Luciana D Carlos (Veterinria
UFBA), Oberdan Nunes (Veterinria UFBA), Tereza Maxov (Repblica Tcheca). Atravs de
convnio com o IVSA (International Veterinary Students Association): Marcelo Arajo Boureau
(Veterinria UFBA), Luciana DCarlos (Veterinria UFBA), Rodrigo Conceio de Oliveira,
Bruno Gabriel Pita (primo) e Jana Doege da LSV SVM University.
Agradeo especialmente Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha Lima, que alm de esposa formada
em biologia e muito me ajudou nas pesquisas de campo; aos meus trs filhos, Pedro Cerqueira
Lima Filho, Thyers Novaes de Cerqueira Lima Neto e Alosio Ferreira da Rocha Neto que sempre
participaram e colaboraram nas minhas pesquisas de campo; a meus auxiliares, Jos Carlos
Dias, Paulino Rocha, Jean, Wilian Batista e Adison Lima que muito me apoiaram e ajudaram
nas pesquisas; a Silvano Abreu Farias que contribuiu significativamente para a organizao do
banco de fotos e para a composio deste livro. Aos amigos Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga, Robson
Silva, Gabriel Rocha, Luiz Cludio Marigo, Haroldo Palo Jr. Csar Musso, Marques e Dante
Buzzetti que contriburam com algumas fotos, todas devidamente creditadas a eles, sendo que
as demais fotos do livro so da minha responsabilidade; a Helen Hays, Joseph Dicostanzo, Grace
Cormons e Tom Cormons do American Museum of Natural History que muito colaboraram
nas pesquisas sobre os representantes da famlia Sternidae; a Luis Monteiro da Universidade
dos Aores (in memoriam) que contribuiu com informaes preciosas sobre os representantes
da famlia Sternidae provenientes dos Aores; a Alex Zino (in memoriam) e sua famlia que me
acolheram e muito contriburam para as pesquisas sobre a mortandade das aves ocenicas; ao
meu amigo e voluntrio, Zildomar Souza Magalhes, que at hoje colabora comigo nas pesquisas
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que desenvolvo; a Marcio Pita, que me apoiou em algumas pesquisas e ao meu amigo Rolf
Grantsau, que muito me ensinou e ainda ensina, e que tambm contribuiu para este livro com
algumas fotos. Ao Projeto TAMAR, ao MAMA, IBAMA e CEMAVE que sempre me apoiaram nas
pesquisas de campo. E a todos os voluntrios que so tantos, que seria muito difcil relacion-los
um por um, e, finalmente, um agradecimento especial a meu pai, Thyers Novais de Cerqueira
Lima (in memoriam), que despertou em mim o interesse no estudo das aves e minha me,
Gizelia Antnia Pita, que sempre me incentivou a estudar.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I express my sincere thanks to Cetrel and its directors Ney Silva, Carlos Eugnio Meneses and
Demstenes Miranda de Carvalho Filho, Renato Pinheiro who supported and encouraged my
field research and financed a great majority of it; I also thank all Cetrel employees since 1988
to date, who embraced the conservationist ideal. I would also like to express my gratitude to all
partner-companies of Cetrel that contributed through their employees for the conservation of the
environment. I am indebted to Jose Antonio Andrade and Fonte Lima who were responsible for
my admission to Cetrel in 1988 and supported my ideas focusing a change of habits for the benefit
of conservation. I would moreover like to thank all the trainees I had the opportunity of meeting,
among them Joelson de Oliveira Castro and Margarete Peixoto Maia who were the first I tutored
and who contributed significantly to my research; and also Sidnei Sampaio dos Santos (BiologyUFBA) with whom I had the pleasure of exchanging ideas and knowledge and who contributed
significantly throughout most of my research. Next, I will list all my others trainees: Maria Teresa
Nunes Marques Rocha (Biology- UFBA), Francisco Pedro da Fonseca (Biology- UCSAL), Daniel
Schmukler (Biology- UFBA), Luciana Arajo Souza (Veterinary- UFBA), Luciana D Carlos
(Veterinary- UFBA), Oberdan Nunes (Veterinary-UFBA), Tereza Maxov (Czech Republic).
Through a covenant with IVSA (International Veterinary StudentsAssociation): Marcelo Arajo
Boureau (Veterinary - UFBA), Luciana DCarlos (Veterinary- UFBA), Rodrigo Conceio de
Oliveira, Bruno Gabriel Pita and Jana Doege ( LSV SVM University).
My special thanks to Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha Lima who besides being my wife is a biologist
and helped me a great deal in my field research; to my three sons Pedro Cerqueira Lima Filho,
Thyers Novaes de Cerqueira Lima Neto and Alosio Ferreira da Rocha Neto who participated and
contributed to my field research; to my assistants Jos Carlos Dias, Paulino Rocha, Jean, Wilian
Batista and Adison Lima who supported and assisted me in my field research; to Silvano Abreu
Farias who contributed significantly towards the planning and organization of a photo collection
and to the composition of this book. I am indebted to my friends Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga, Robson
Silva, Gabriel Rocha, Luiz Cludio Marigo, Haroldo Palo Jr. Csar Musso, Marques and Dante
Buzzetti who contributed with photographs, all of them duly credited ( the remaining photos of the
book are of my responsibility); to Helen Hays, Joseph Dicostanzo, Grace Cormons and Tom Cormons
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of the American Museum of Natural History who gave a significant contribution to my work by
providing precious information on specimens of the Sternidae family; to Luis Monteiro from the
University of Azores (in memoriam) who contributed with valuable information on the Sternidae
family originating from the Azores; to Alex Zino (in memoriam) and his family who welcomed me
and contributed greatly towards the investigations concerning the mortality of ocean birds; to my
friend and volunteer Zildomar Souza Magalhes who still works with me on the research I develop;
to Marcio Pita who supported me on some research and to my friend Rolf Grantsau who taught me
and still teaches me a lot and has contributed towards this book with some of his photos. I would
like to offer my thanks to the TAMAR Project, MAMA, IBAMA and CEMAVE that have always
supported me in my field research. I also thank all the many volunteers and finally my father,
Thyers Novais de Cerqueira Lima (in memoriam), who awoke my interest in the study of birds and
my mother Gizelia Antnia Pita (in memoriam) who always encouraged me to study.
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NDICE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Aves do Litoral Norte
Birds of the Coast North
Espcies de aves ameaadas de extino
XII
XII
XVIII
3
3
Tinamidae
9
9
Podicipedidae
13
13
13
17
34
38
38
38
39
39
PHAETHONTIDAE
SULIDAE
PHALACROCORACIDAE
FREGATIDAE
39
39
40
42
45
45
45
54
55
55
56
Pandionidae
Accipitridae
Falconidae
61
61
61
69
69
69
70
79
87
87
87
91
91
Aramidae
Rallidae
Heliornithidae
91
92
101
105
105
105
106
106
107
112
121
123
127
127
151
151
151
161
161
161
173
173
173
179
179
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Tytonidae
Strigidae
Subordem Suboscines
Suboscines Suborder
Rhinocryptidae
179
180
187
187
187
189
195
195
195
196
209
209
Turdinae
Mimidae
Motacillidae
Vireonidae
Coerebinae
Cardinalinae
Fringillidae
Passeridae
Estrildidae
306
311
312
313
316
344
353
354
355
Pranchas
tables
209
212
212
212
216
216
216
217
219
220
226
226
226
226
226
Tinamiformes
Tinamidae
Podicipediformes
Podicipedidae
358
358
360
360
Spheniscidae
361
Procellariiformes
362
Diomedeidae
Procellariidae
Pelicaniformes
PHAETHONTIDAE
SULIDAE
PHALACROCORACIDAE
FREGATIDAE
362
363
370
370
371
371
372
Formicariidae
Conopophagidae
Furnariidae
Dendrocolaptidae
Tyrannidae
Pipridae
Cotingidae
227
235
237
244
248
291
294
Subordem Ocine
Ocine Suborder
296
296
Anseriformes
380
296
301
302
305
Famlia Anatidae
380
Falconiformes
Hirundinidae
Corvidae
Troglodytidae
Sylvinae
Ciconiformes
Famlia Ardeidae
Cochlearidae
Threskiornithidae
Ciconidae
Famlia Accipitridae
Falconidae
373
373
376
377
377
385
385
391
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Galliformes
Cracidae
Gruiformes
Rallidae
Heliornithidae
Charadriiformes
Rostratulidae
Haematopodidae
Charadriidae
Scolopacidae
Recurvirostridae
STERCORARIIDAE
Laridae
Sternidae
394
394
394
395
399
400
400
400
401
403
408
409
411
411
Columbiformes
415
Psittacidae
419
Psittacidae
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
Strigiformes
Tytonidae
419
425
425
426
426
Caprimulgiformes
430
Famlia Nyctibiidae
Famlia Caprimulgidae
430
430
Apodiformes
Famlia Apodidae
Famlia Trochilidae
Trogoniformes
Famlia Trogonidae
Famlia Trogonidae
Coraciiformes
Alcedinidae
Piciformes
Galbulidae
Bucconidae
Ramphastidae
Picidae
Passeriformes
433
433
440
Suboscines
Rhinocryptidae
Conopophagidae
Conopophagidae
Dendrocolaptidae
Tyrannidae
Pipridae
Cotingidae
451
451
459
459
463
466
484
487
Passeriformes
489
Oscines
489
Hirundinidae
Corvidae
Troglodytidae
Muscicapidae
Subfamlia Sylviinae
Subfamlia Turdinae
Subfamlia Turdinae
Mimidae
Motacillidae
Vireonidae
Emberizidae
Subfamlia Parulinae
Subfamlia Coerebinae
Subfamlia Thraupinae
Subfamlia Emberizinae
Subfamlia Cardinalinae
Subfamlia Icterinae
Famlia Passeridae
Famlia Passeridae
Famlia Estrildidae
Fringillidae
489
491
492
493
493
493
494
496
497
497
498
498
499
499
512
520
524
528
528
528
529
Pranchas ninhos
nest tables
442
442
442
443
443
445
445
445
446
448
451
Tinamiformes
Nothura maculosa
Rhynchotus rufescens
Podicipediformes
Tachybaptus dominicus
532
532
532
532
532
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Spheniscidae
Spenischus magellanicus
533
533
Procellariiformes
533
Calonectris borealis
533
Pelicaniformes
Phaethon aethereus aethereu
Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis
Sula dactylatra dactylatra
Sula leucogaster leucogaster
Ciconiformes
Coragyps atratus
Egretta albus egretta
Egretta thula
Igrisoma lineatum marmoratum
Nyctanassa violacea
Nycticorax nycticorax
Anseriformes
Anas bahamensis bahamensis
Cairina moschata
Dendrocygna autumnalis
Dendrocygna viduata
Falconiformes
Buteo albicaudatus
Caracara plancus
Falco femoralis femoralis
Falco sparverius
Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii
Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus
Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis
Rupornis magnirostris nattareri
Galliformes
Ortalis guttata aracuan
Gruiformes
Aramides cajanea cajanea
Aramides mangle
Aramus guarauna guarauna
Gallinula chloropus galeata
Laterallus melanophaius
Laterallus viridis viridis
Charadriiformes
Charadrius wilsonia
Gallinago paraguaiae
Haematopus palliatus
533
533
534
534
534
535
536
536
535
535
535
536
537
537
537
537
538
538
538
539
540
538
540
539
539
540
541
541
541
541
542
541
543
542
541
542
543
543
545
544
Himantopus himantopus
Jacana jacana jacana
Larus dominicanus
Sterna fuscata fuscata
Sterna hirundinacea
Sterna hirundo hirundo
Sterna superciliaris
Thalasseus eurygnatha
Columbiformes
Columba cayennensis
Columba picazuro marginalis
Columbina minuta
Columbina minuta
Columbina passerina
Columbina picui strepitans
Columbina talpacoti talpacoti
Leptotila verreauxi approximans
Scardafella squammata
Scardafella squammata squammata
Psittacimormes
Amazona amazonica amazonica
Aratinga aurea aurea
Aratinga auricapilla auricapilla
Cuculiformes
Crotophaga ani
Guira guira
Piaya cayana pallescens
Strigiformes
Aegolius harrsii
Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum
Otus choliba decussata
Speotyto cunicularia grallaria
Tyto alba tuidara
Caprimulgiformes
Chordeiles pusillus pusillus
Nyctibius griseus griseus
Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis
Apodiformes
Chlorostilbon aureoventris puucherani
Chrysolampis mosquitus
Eupetomena macroura simoni
Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta
Heliactin bilophus
Panyptila cayennensis
Phaethornis pretrei pretrei
Coraciiformes
544
546
544
545
546
547
543
546
547
547
549
549
550
548
548
549
547
548
550
551
552
551
551
552
552
552
553
553
554
554
554
553
553
555
555
555
555
556
557
557
558
558
556
557
558
559
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Piciformes
Bucco maculatus maculatus
Bucco maculatus maculatus
Campephilus melanoleucos cearae
Colaptes campestris campestris
Picumnus pygmaeus distinctus
Passeriformes
Agelaius ruficapillus frontalis
Cacicus haemorrhous affin
Camptostoma obsoletum
Certhiaxis cinnamomea cearensis
Coereba flaveola chloropyga
Conirostrum bicolor bicolor
Coryphospingus pileatus pileatus
Cyanocorax cyanopogon
Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis
Cypsnagra hirundinacea hirundinacea
Elaenia cristata cristata
Elaenia flavogaster flavogaster
Elaenia spectabilis spectabilis
Estrilda astrild astrild
Euphonia chlorotica chlorotica
Euphonia violacea auranticollis
Fluvicola leucocephala
Fluvicola nengeta nengeta
Furnarius leucopus assimilis
Furnarius rufus
Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
Hylophilus amaurocephalus
Icterus cayanensis tibialis
Icterus jamacaii
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae
Machaeropterus regulus regulus
Machetornis rixosus
Megarhynchus pitangua pitangua
Mimus gilvus antelius
Mimus saturninus frater
Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis
Myiarchus ferox ferox
Myiozetetes simillis similis
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca
Pachyramphus polychopterus polychopterus
Pachyramphus viridis viridis
Paroaria dominicana
Passer domesticus domesticus
Phacellodomus rufifrons rufifrons
Polioptila plumbea atricapilla
Polioptila plumbea atricapilla
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Pseudoseisura cristata
Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus
Ramphocaenus melanurus
Ramphocelus bresilius bresilius
559
559
559
560
560
560
559
561
581
577
574
566
576
571
565
570
567
571
575
583
571
582
567
579
561
569
564
585
565
577
572
564
578
561
565
579
584
576
579
572
578
564
573
569
586
578
580
577
581
562
574
573
567
580
573
575
574
572
575
585
583
570
584
561
576
570
566
584
587
582
568
582
566
580
581
568
586
569
568
OUTROS ANIMAIS
OTHER ANIMALS
Herpailurus yagouarondi
Felis tigrina
Callithrix penicillata
Cebus apella
mico de tufo brannco
mico de tufo brannco
Artibius jamaicensis
Artibius planirostris
Carollia p. perspicillata
Glossophaga soricina
Lionycteris spurrelli
Noctilio leporinus
Saccopteryx bilineata
Artibeus p. planirostris
Iguana iguana
Boa constrictor
Bothrops leucurus
Caiman yacare
Chironius flavolineatus
Crotalus durissus
590
590
590
591
591
591
592
592
592
593
593
593
594
594
594
595
595
595
596
596
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Drymarchoron corais
Echynanthera occiptolis
Eunectes murinus
Waglerophis merrim
Geochelone carbonaria
Gymnodactylus g amaral
Phylloctylus mabuia
Tupinambis teguxin
Caluromys philandes
CAPIVARA
Chaetomys subspinosus
Coendou insidiosus
Dasyprocta sp
Didelphis albiventris
Hidrochoerus hidrochaeris
capivara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
Monodelphis americana
marsupial
Tayassu tajacu
Sciurus aestuans
Silvilagus brasiliensis
Nassua nassua
Cerdocyon thous Raposa
Tamandua tetradactyla
Dasypus novemcinctus
596
597
597
597
598
598
598
599
599
599
600
600
600
601
601
601
602
602
602
603
603
603
604
604
604
Referncia
Bibliogrfica
Reading List 605
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Espcie
Nome Vulgar
Procellaria conspicillata
Pardela de culos
Sarcoramphus papa
Urubu-rei
Aegolius harrisii
Cabur canela
Falco peregrinus
Falco-peregrino
Nyctibius leucopterus
Urutau-de-asa-branca
Sterna dougallii
Trinta-ris-rseo
Sterna antillarum
Trinta-ris-miudo
Aratinga auricapilla
Jandaia-de-testa-vermelha
Amazona rhodocorytha
Papagaio-chau
Touit melanonota
Apuim-de-costa-preta
Pyriglena atra
Olho-de-fogo-rendado
Cuspidor mascarado
Xipholena atropurpurea
Ananb-de-asa-branca
Procnias nudicollis
Araponga
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Campainha-azul
Carduelis yarellii
Coroinha
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Espcie
Exemplar
Pas
Falco peregrinus
USA
Sterna hirundo
900
USA
Sterna hirundo
08
Portugal
Sterna hirundo
Argentina
Sterna dougallii
360
USA
Sterna dougallii
Inglaterra, Portugal
Sterna sandvicensis
USA
Thalasseus eurygnatha
37
ES-Brasil
Calonectris borealis
18
Portugal
Calonectris borealis
Espanha
Arenaria interpres
USA
Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis
Sula dactylatra
Abrolhos BA/Brasil
Sula leucogaster
Abrolhos-BA/Brasil
Anous stolidus
BA/Brasil
Catharacta maccormicki
Alemanha
Puffinus puffinus
Inglaterra
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Nome Vulgar
Drosera intermedia
Planta carnvora
Drosera chrysolepis
Planta carnvora
Drosera tomentosa
Planta carnvora
Nome Vulgar
Sarcoramphus papa
Urubu-rei
Aratinga auricapilla
Jandaia-de-testavermelha
Amazona rhodocorytha
Papagaio-chau
Touit melanonota
Apuim-de-costa-preta
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Espcie
Nome Vulgar
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Campainha-azul
Xolmis cinrea
Primavera
Heliactin bilopha
Beija-flor-chifre-de-ouro
Bucco chacuru
Fevereiro
Elaenia cristata
Guaracava-de-topete
Formicivora rufa
Formigueiro-ruivo
Aegolius harrisii
Cabur-canela
Sarcoramphus papa
Urubu-rei
Falco peregrinus
Falco-peregrino
Aratinga auricapilla
Jandaia-de-testa-vermelha
Amazona rhodocorytha
Papagaio-chau
Touit melanonota
Apuim-de-costa-preta
Carduelis yarellii
Coroinha
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dgua-pequeno (Porphyrula
flavirostris).
Em relao s espcies ameaadas de
extino, podemos destacar o urubu-rei
(Sarcoramphus papa), o apuim-de-costa-preta
(Touit melanonota) e a jandaia-de-testa-vermelha
(Aratinga auricapilla). A explorao do
ecoturismo na Praia do Forte uma iniciativa
promissora para preservar as remanescentes
florestas que ainda restam. Alm da Reserva
de Sapiranga, podemos destacar o Projeto
TAMAR, que um projeto de preservao das
tartarugas marinhas, que, alm de desenvolver
pesquisas visando a preservao das tartarugas
marinhas, trabalha intensivamente com a
comunidade local, gerando empregos para
as pessoas que antes tinham como atividade,
a caa e a coleta de ovos de tartarugas. Alm
disso, o envolvimento do Projeto TAMAR em
programas de educao ambiental e a utilizao
de suas bases em programas de ecoturismo,
de fundamental importncia para aumentar
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Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa
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Localidade
Podiceps dominicus
Camaari, Caboto
Podilymbus podiceps
Camaari, Caboto
Phalacrocorax olivaceus
Caboto
Casmerodius albus
Egretta thula
Egretta caerulea
Bubulcus ibis
Camaari, Conde
Butorides striatus
Dendrocygna viduata
Mangue Seco
Dendrocygna autumnalis
Anas bahamensis
Camaari, Conde
Netta erythrophthalma
Amazonetta brasiliensis
Sarkidiornis malanotos
Camaari, , Conde
Porphyrula martinica
Conde
Gallinula chloropus
Camaari, Caboto
Aramus guarauna
Vanellus chilensis
Conde
Pluvialis squatarola
Charadrius collaris
Mangue Seco
Charadrius semipalmatus
Haematopus palliatus
Himantopus mexicanus
Camaari, Conde
Jacana jacana
Tringa melanoleuca
Tringa flavipes
Tringa solitaria
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Mangue Seco
Actitis macularia
Mangue Seco
Numenius phaeopus
Mangue Seco
Arenaria interpres
Mangue Seco
Calidris minutilla
Mangue Seco
Calidris alba
Mangue Seco
Calidris pusilla
Mangue Seco
Limnodromus griseus
Mangue Seco
Gallinago paraguaiae
Camaari
Sterna hirundo
Mangue Seco
Sterna superciliaris
Mangue Seco
Thalasseus eurygnatha
Mangue Seco
Tab. 6 Relao de espcies levantadas pelo Censo Neotropical de Aves Aquticas entre 1992 a 1995 no Litoral Norte, com as respectivas localidades.
Espcie
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Famlia
Nome Vulgar
N de espcies
Spheniscidae
Pingim
Diomedeidae
Albatroz
Procellariidae
Pardela
15
Oceanitaidae
Painho
Phaethonidae
Rabo-de-palha
Sulidae
Atob
Phalacrocoracidae
Bigu
Fregatida
Tesouro
Stercorariidae
Mandrio
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Espcie
Procyon cancrivorus
Sciurus sp
Iguana iguana
Tupinambis teguixin
Euphractus sexcinctus
Dasyprocta sp
Platynotus semitaenianus
Tropidurus hispidus
Polychurus acutirostris
Enyalus sp
Tupinambis teguxin
Kentropyx calcarata
Ameiva ameiva
Mabuya heathi
Micrablepharus maximiliani
Ophiode striatus
Boa constrictor
Eunectes murinus
Liophis viridis
Tantila melanocephala
Spilotes pullatus
Drymarchon corais
Helicops leopardinus
Mastigodryas bifossatus
Waglerophis merremii
Philodryas patagoniensis
Oxybelis aenus
Oxyrhopus sp
Micrurus ibiboboca
Crotalus durissus
Rhynchonycteris naso
Saccopteryx bilineata
Noctilio albiventris
Lonchorhina aurita
Phyllostomus h. hastatus
Glossophaga soricina
Carollia p. perspicillata
Sturnira l. lilium
Nome Vulgar
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Espcie
Nome Vulgar
Phoebetria fusca
Piau-preto
Phoebetria palpebrata
Piau-de-costa-preta
Procellaria conspicillata *
Pardela de culus
Fulmarus glacialoides
Fulmar-preto
Daption capense
Pomba-do-cabo
Pterodroma mollis
Grazina-mole
Pachyptila vittata
Prio-de-bico-largo
Pachyptila belcheri
Prio-de-bico-fino
Procellaria cinerea
Procelaria-de-asa-preta
Fregetta tropica
Painho-de-barriga-preta
Calonectris edwardsii
Pardela
Catharacta antarctica
Madrio-grande
Catharacta chilensis
Madrio-chileno
Catharacta maccormicki
Madrio-do-sul
Stercorarius parasiticus
Madrio-parastico
Stercorarius pomarinus
Madrio-pomarino
Stercorarius longicaudus
Madrio-de-cauda-comprida
Pelagodroma marina
Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis
Tab. 8 - Relao de novas ocorrncias de aves ocenicas para a Bahia
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Espcie
Nome Vulgar
Sotalia fluviatillis
Jacar-de-papo-amarelo
Dasypus novemcinctus
Gato-do-mato
Cerdocyon thous
Gato-mourisco
Didelphis albiventris
Porco-cateto
Didelphis marsupialis
Gato-do-mato
Cebus sp
Ourio-caxeiro
Callithrix penicillata
Preguia-de-coleira
Marmosa sp
Lontra
Callithrix penicillata
Preguia-de-coleira
Marmosa sp
Lontra
Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
Tartaruga-cabeuda
Cavia aperea
Tartaruga-verde
Galictis cuja
Tartaruga pequena
Sylvilagus brasiliensis
Tartaruga-de-pente
Espcie
Vampyrops lineatus
Artibeus literatus
Artibeus planirostris
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus cinereus
Desmodus rotundus
Myotis nigricans
Molossus ater
Molossus molossus crassicaudatus
Agouti paca
Tamandua tetradactyla
*Ocorrncia nova no Estado da Bahia
Tab.10 Relao das demais espcies animais do Litoral Norte
Nome Vulgar
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Species
Common Name
Procellaria conspicillata
Spectacled shearwaters
Sarcoramphus papa
King Vulture
Aegolius harrisii
Buff-fronted owl
Falco peregrinus
Peregrine falcon
Nyctibius leucopterus
White-winged potoo
Sterna dougallii
Roseate tern
Sterna antillarum
Least tern
Aratinga auricapilla
Golden-capped parakeet
Amazona rhodocorytha
Touit melanonota
Black-eared parrotlet
Pyriglena atra
Fringe-backed fire-eye
Black-cheeked gnateaster
Xipholena atropurpurea
White-winged cotinga
Xipholena atropurpurea
White-winged cotinga
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Blue finch
Carduelis yarellii
Yellow-faced siskin
Tab. 1 List of rare or endangered bird species in the north coast region
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Species
Sample
Country
Falco peregrinus
USA
Sterna hirundo
900
USA
Sterna hirundo
08
Portugal
Sterna hirundo
Argentina
Sterna dougallii
360
USA
Sterna dougallii
England, Portugal
Sterna sandvicensis
USA
Thalasseus eurygnatha
37
ES-Brazil
Calonectris borealis
18
Portugal
Calonectris borealis
Espanha
Arenaria interpres
USA
Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis
Sula dactylatra
Abrolhos BA/Brazil
Sula leucogaster
Abrolhos BA/Brazil
Anous stolidus
BA/Brazil
Catharacta maccormicki
Germany
Puffinus puffinus
England
The
municipality of Lauro de Freitas lost almost
all its native vegetation which included
sand dunes, sandy, coastal forests, Atlantic
Rainforest, regrowth forests and mangroves.
Today, Lauro de Freitas only has a small
stretch of secondary forest where the presence
the black-eared parrotlet (Touit melanonota)
and the golden-capped parakeet (Aratinga
auricapilla), endangered psittacedes was
detected. Both these species are listed on the
CITES Appendix II yet almost nothing is known
about the birds behavior. (Snyder et al, 2000).
Since 1997 up to now we have been undertaking
reintroduction research with the golden capped
parakeet A. auricapilla and we have obtained
excellent results, having reintroduced around
20 individuals that are already adapted to their
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Species
Common Name
Drosera intermedia
Carnivorous plant
Drosera chrysolepis
Carnivorous plant
Drosera tomentosa
Carnivorous plant
Tab. 3 - List of carnivorous plants and orchids in the north coast region
Species
Common Name
Sarcoramphus papa
King vulture
Aratinga auricapilla
Golden-capped
parakeet
Amazona rhodocorytha
Red-crowned Amazon
Touit melanonota
Pyriglena atra
Fringe-backed fire-eye
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Species
Common Name
Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Blue finch
Xolmis cinrea
Gray monjita
Heliactin bilopha
Horned-sungem
Bucco chacuru
White-eared puffbird
Elaenia cristata
Plain-crested Elaenia
Formicivora rufa
Rusty-backed antwren
Aegolius harrisii
Buff-fronted owl
Sarcoramphus papa
King vulture
Falco peregrinus
Peregrine Falcon
Aratinga auricapilla
Amazona rhodocorytha
Red-crowned Amazon
Touit melanonota
Carduelis yarellii
Yellow-faced Siskin
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Common Name
Location
Podiceps dominicus
Least grebe
Camaari, Caboto
Podilymbus podiceps
Pied-billed grebe
Camaari, Caboto
Phalacrocorax olivaceus
Neo-tropic cormorant
Caboto
Casmerodius albus
Great egret
Egretta thula
Snowy egret
Egretta caerulea
Bubulcus ibis
Cattle egret
Camaari, Conde
Butorides striatus
Striated heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
Mangue Seco
Dendrocygna viduata
Dendrocygna autumnalis
Camaari, Conde
Anas bahamensis
White-cheeked pinetail
Netta erythrophthalma
Southern pochard
Amazonetta brasiliensis
Brazilian duck
Camaari, Conde
Sarkidiornis malanotos
Comb duck
Conde
Porphyrula martinica
Purple gallinule
Camaari, Conde
Gallinula chloropus
Common gallinule
Aramus guarauna
Limpkin
Conde
Vanellus chilensis
Southern lapwing
Conde
Pluvialis squatarola
Charadrius collaris
Collared plover
Mangue Seco
Charadrius semipalmatus
Semi-palmated plover
Haematopus palliatus
Himantopus mexicanus
Common stilt
Camaari, Conde
Jacana jacana
Wattled jacana
Tringa melanoleuca
Greater yellow-legs
Tringa flavipes
Lesser yellow-legs
Tringa solitaria
Solitary sandpiper
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Willet
Mangue Seco
Actitis macularia
Spotted sandpiper
Mangue Seco
Numenius phaeopus
Whimbrel
Mangue Seco
Arenaria interpres
Ruddy turnstone
Mangue Seco
Calidris minutilla
Least sandpiper
Mangue Seco
Calidris alba
Sanderling
Mangue Seco
Calidris pusilla
Semipalmated sandpiper
Mangue Seco
Limnodromus griseus
Common dowitcher
Mangue Seco
Gallinago paraguaiae
???? Snipe
Camaari
Sterna hirundo
Common tern
Mangue Seco
Sterna superciliaris
Yellow-billed tern
Mangue Seco
Thalasseus eurygnatha
Cayenne tern
Mangue Seco
XXXIX
Tab. 6 Relao de espcies levantadas pelo Censo Neotropical de Aves Aquticas entre 1992 a 1995 no Litoral Norte, com as espectivas localidades.
Species
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Family
Common Name
N de especies
Spheniscidae
Penguin
Diomedeidae
Albatross
Procellariidae
Petrel
15
3
Oceanitaidae
Phaethonidae
Tropicbird
Sulidae
Booby
Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorant
Fregatida
Frigatebird
Stercorariidae
Gulls
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Especies
Common Name
Phoebetria fusca
Piau-preto
Phoebetria palpebrata
Procellaria conspicillata *
Fulmarus glacialoides
Southern fulmar
Daption capense
Cape petrel
Pterodroma mollis
Soft-plumaged petrel
Pachyptila vittata
Broad-billed prion
Pachyptila belcheri
Slender-billed prion
Procellaria cinerea
Fregetta tropica
Calonectris edwardsii
Corys shearwater
Catharacta antarctica
Great skua
Catharacta chilensis
Catharacta maccormicki
Stercorarius parasiticus
Parasitic jaeger
Stercorarius pomarinus
Pomarine jaegaer
Stercorarius longicaudus
Pelagodroma marina
Phalacrocorax bransfieldensis
Tab. 8 List of new occurrences of shore birds for Bahia
Especies
Common Name
Caiman latirostris
Caiman
Leopardus tigrina
Oncilla
Herpailurus yagouaroudi
Jaguarandi
Tayassu tajucu
Collared Peccary
Leopardus wiedii
Magray
Chaetomys subispinosus
Bristle-spined porcupine
Bradypus torquatus
Maned sloth
Lontra longicaudis
Carretta carretta
Tartaruga-cabeuda
Chelonia mydas
Tartaruga-verde
Lepidochelys olivacea
Tartaruga pequena
Eretmochelys imbricata
Tartaruga-de-pente
Dermochelys coriacea
Tartaruga-de-couro
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Espcies
Common Name
Sotalia fluviatillis
Dolphin
Dasypus novemcinctus
Cerdocyon thous
Crab-eating fox
Didelphis albiventris
Didelphis auritia
Cebus sp
Capuchin monkey
Callithrix penicillata
Tuft-eared marmoset
Marmosa sp
Brocket deer
Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
Capybara
Cavia aperea
Hampster/guinea pi
Galictis cuja
Grison
Sylvilagus brasiliensis
Brazilian Rabbit
Procyon cancrivorus
Crab-eating racoon
Sciurus sp
Guiana squirrel
Iguana iguana
Iguana
Tupinambis teguixin
Tegu Lizard
Euphractus sexcinctus
Yellow armadillo
Dasyprocta sp.
Agouti
Platynotus semitaenianus
Lagartixa-do-lagedo
Tropidurus hispidus
Lagartixa-preta
Polychurus acutirostris
Enyalus sp
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Common Name
Tupinambis teguxin
Rentropyx calcarata
Ameiva ameiva
Mabuya heathi
Ophiode striatus
Boa constrictor
Eunectes murinus
Liophis viridis
Tantila melanocephala
Spilotes pullatus
Drymarchon corais
Helicops leopardinus
Mastigodryas bifossatus
Waglerophis merremii
Philodryas patagoniensis
Oxybelis aenus
Oxyrhopus sp
Micrurus ibiboboca
Crotalus durissus
Bothrops leucurus
Rhynchonycteris naso
Saccopteryx bilineata
Noctilio albiventris
Lonchorhina aurita
Phyllostomus h. hastatus
Glossophaga soricina
Carollia p. perspicillata
Sturnira l. lilium
Vampyrops lineatus
Artibeus literatus
Artibeus planirostris
Artibeus jamaicensis
Artibeus cinereus*
Desmodus rotundus
Myotis nigricans
Eumops planirostris
Molossus ater
Agouti paca
Paca
Tamandua tetradactyla
Tamandua/anteater
XLV
*Ocorrncia nova no Estado da Bahia | Tab.10 Relao das demais espcies animais do Litoral Norte
Espcies
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tinamiformes
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Tinamidae Family
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flies off noisily at ground level. When it senses the presence of a potential
predator, the Small-billed Tinamou crouches and raises its tail feathers,
which gives it the appearance of a flower in bloom. It is a bird much
coveted by local hunters. Morphometric data: weight 110 g, total length
228 mm, wing 117 mm, beak 20 mm, tarsus 28 mm.
Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus ( Wied, 1820 ).
Ja-do-litoral(Yellow-legged Tinamou)
Essa espcie habita tanto o interior da floresta, como os campos abertos.
uma espcie muito mais robusta do que a anterior, podendo pesar
mais de 800 g. O seu canto consiste de duas notas melanclicas. O
tarso dessa espcie de colorao amarela e sua plumagem marrom
acinzentado com o dorso brilhante. Possui uma mancha superciliar na
cor amarelo claro. uma ave arisca que vive no solo e sua colorao
lhe proporciona uma perfeita camuflagem. Hoje, essa espcie listada
como ameaada de extino, sendo a caa e a destruio do habitat,
os maiores riscos que vem enfrentando. J observamos um lobo-guar
(Chrysocyon brachyurus) numa regio de cerrado predar uma ave dessa
espcie que estava incubando durante a noite. Dados morfomtricos:
peso 600g, comprimento total 350 mm, asa 190 mm, bico 27 mm, tarso
54 mm.
Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (Wied, 1820)
Yellow-legged Tinamou
This species can occur in both forests and open fields. It is a more robust
species than the preceding one and can weigh more than 800 grams.
Its song is melancholic and consists of two low notes. The tarsus of the
species is yellow, as its name suggests. The plumage grayish-brown
overall, with its most distinctive features being a shiny back and a yellow
superciliary. The Yellow-legged Tinamou is a skittish, ground-dwelling
bird whose coloration makes it perfectly camouflaged. Due to habitat loss
and relentless hunting, the species is currently listed as endangered. In a
savanna area, we have witnessed a Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
stalk a bird of this species that was nesting during the night. Morphometric
data: weight 600g, total length 350 mm, wing 190 mm, beak 27 mm,
tarsus 54 mm.
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Podicipediformes
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Podicipedidae Family
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Procellariformes
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DIOMEDEIDAE
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175 mm, cabea 185 mm, bico 118 mm, tarso 85 mm e peso 1.250 kg (
macho jovem).
Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Gmelin, 1789).
Yellow-nosed Albatross
Souza (1999) lists this as a new occurrence for Bahia, based on the two
specimens collected between 1990 and 1992. The subsequent discovery of
numerous additional specimens indicates that it probably occurs regularly,
and in good numbers, offshore. From 1994 to 1999, 37 were collected by
teams from CETREL. Seven skins and four skeletons were stored in MCNCs
collection. A female collected on July 17, 1994 in Salvador (12 55 S, 38
21 W), is stored in the RG 9496 collection. In 2001, five other specimens
were collected and stored in the MCNC collection. Morphometric data:
total length 730 mm, wing 510 mm, tail 175 mm, head 185 mm, beak 118
mm, tarsus 85 mm and weight 1.250 kg ((male juvenile).
Thalassaarche cartari (Rothschild, 1903)
Albatroz-indiano-de-nariz-amarelo (Yellow-nosed Indian
Albatross).
Desde 1994, vimos estudando o fenmeno da mortandade de aves ocenicas
no litoral baiano, principalmente no litoral norte do estado. Durante
esse perodo, coletamos mais de 10.000 exemplares de representantes
da ordem dos Procellariiformes e entre os da famlia Diomedeidae,
j registramos a ocorrncia das espcies Thalassarche cauta cauta, T.
melanophrys melanophrys, T. chlororhynchos, Phoebetria fusca e P.
palpebrata (Lima, 1998). Durante esse perodo, coletamos 17 indivduos
da espcie T. chlororhynchos, dos quais 16 encontram-se depositados na
coleo da CETREL e um na coleo de Rolf Grantsau. Revisando esses
indivduos, descobrimos que quatro deles so da espcie Thalassarche
carteri. O T. carteri um visitante pelgico assinalado para a costa
da Nova Zelndia, Austrlia e Costa Ocidental da frica. Os quatro
exemplares foram coletados no litoral norte da Bahia nos anos de 1994
a 2004. A espcie T. carteri foi considerada por muito tempo como
uma subespcie da T. chlororhynchos (T. c. bassi Mathews, 1918). A
diferena entre as duas espcies que a T. chlororhynchos possui a
parte do culminicrneo na base do bico arredondada, enquanto que
na espcie T. carteri, ela pontiaguda (Robertson, 2002). Os quatro
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PROCELLARIIDAE
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PROCELLARIIDAE
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480 mm, asa 350 mm, cauda 110 mm, cabea 106 mm, bico 48 mm,
tarso 64 mm e peso 650g.
Procellaria conspicillata (Gould, 1844)
Spectacled Petrel
A male specimen (RG 9491) was collected in Salvador (12 55 S, 38
21 W) on July 18, 1994. Earlier in the same year, a live individual was
found in Salvador. The bird was rehabilitated and subsequently released.
Morphometric data: total length 480 mm, wing 350 mm, tail 110 mm,
head 106 mm, beak 48 mm, tarsus 64 mm and weight 650g.
Procellaria cinerea (Gmelin, 1789)
Pardela-cinza (Grey Petrel)
Um indivduo morto (MCNC 383) foi coletado em Mangue Seco (11 27
S, 37 27 W) em 1996. O esqueleto, asa e cauda esto preservados e
depositados na coleo da Cetrel. S existem mais dois outros registros
brasileiros dessa espcie: uma ave no sexada, coletada em novembro
de 1982 no Rio Grande do Sul (Vooren e Fernandes, 1989), e uma outra
tambm coletada no Rio Grande do Sul por Herculano (Alvarenga,
comunicao pessoal). Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 470
mm, asa 325 mm, cauda 109 mm, bico 53 mm, tarso 50 mm.
Procellaria cinerea (Gmelin, 1789)
Grey Petrel
A dead individual (MCNC 383) was collected in Mangue Seco (11 27 S,
37 27 W) in 1996. The skeleton, wing and tail are preserved and stored
in CETRELs collection. There are only two other Brazilian recordsrecords
of this species: a non-sexed bird, collected in November 1982 in Rio
Grande do Sul (Vooren and Fernandes, 1989), and another also collected
in Rio Grande do Sul by Herculano (Alvarenga, personal communication).
Morphometric data: total length 470 mm, wing 325 mm, tail 109 mm,
head 106 mm, beak 53 mm, tarsus 50 mm.
Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881)
Pardela-de-bico-amarelo (Corys Shearwater)
Essa espcie foi registrada em 10 estados brasileiros. O estado do Cear
o registro mais ao norte do pas (Pacheco e Maciel, 1995). J tinha
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& Tipling 1997). Sangster et al. 2002, stipulate that the P. mauretanicus
differs from the P. yelkouan by the skulls anatomy (citing Walker et
al.1990 and Heidrich et al. 1998) and considers the P. yelkouan a distinct
species from the P. mauretanicus, and neither to be a subspecies of the P.
puffinus, and mitocondrial DNA analysis indicates that these forms are
separate monophiletic species. This is currently the consensus view of
the taxonomy of this group. P. mauretanicus breeds in the Mediterranean
on the Balearic Islandsof Spain and is considered in critical danger of
extinction by the IUCN (2004) and by BirdLife International (2004).
According to Oro et al. (2004), P. mauretanicus has a small population,
approximately 2,000 pairs, and the decline of these colonies is one of the
principal threats to the species survival. P. mauretanicus spans from the
Mediterranean Sea to the north coast of France at the Bay of Vizcaya,
and can be found sporadically in the north of Africa (Yes, 2003). The
incidence of the P.mauretanicus on the coast of Bahia could be linked to
thermal fronts in the ocean. A more intense study of seabirds that appear
on the beaches of the Brazilian coast should yield better information
about the movements of these birds in the South Atlantic. Morphometric
data: total length 370 mm, wing 270 mm, tail 96 mm, head 80 mm, beak
34 mm, tarsus 52 mm, middle toe with claw 16,6 mm and weight 340g..
HYDROBATIDAE
HYDROBATIDAE
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A skeleton of this species still with its feathers was found on the beach at
Mangue Seco (11 27 S, 37 27 W), in 1997. In 1999, five specimens
were collected: a female stored in the RG collection; a skin and three
skeletons stored in the collection at MCNC. Morphometric data: weight
38g, total length 190 mm, wing 163 mm, tail 70 mm, beak 13 mm,
tarsus 37 mm.
Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Moquin-Tandon, 1841)
(White-faced Storm-Petrel)
S foi coletado um espcime dessa espcie em Mangue Seco (11 27 S,
37 27 W). que foi o primeiro registro para o Brasil. A pele incompleta
est depositada na coleo do MCNC, N 124. (Lima et al, 2002). Dados
morfomtricos: asa 165 mm, cauda 75 mm, bico 17 mm, tarso 40 mm.
Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca (Moquin-Tandon, 1841).
White-faced Storm-Petrel
One specimen of this species has been collected at Mangue Seco (11 27
S, 37 27 W). This incomplete skin is stored in the MCNC collection,
N 124. (Lima et al, 2002) This was the first record record of this species
in Brazil. Morphometric data: wing 165 mm, tail 75 mm, beak 17 mm,
tarsus 40 mm.
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Sphenisciformes
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SPHENISCIDAE
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PHAETHONTIDAE
SULIDAE
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SULIDAE
PHALACROCORACIDAE
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250 g, comprimento total 745 mm, asa 300 mm, cauda 123 mm, bico 56
mm, tarso 67 mm.
PHALACROCORACIDAE
(Gmelin, 1789).
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FREGATIDAE
FREGATIDAE
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Ciconiformes
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Ardeidae Family
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length 590 mm, wing 250 mm, tail 90 mm, beak 79 mm, tarsus 91 mm.
Egretta caerulea (Linn, 1758)
Gara-morena (Little Blue Heron)
No litoral norte da Bahia, os locais onde essa espcie pode ser avistada
so nos manguezais de Mangue Seco, onde busca alimento junto com
diversas outras espcies de garas e de maaricos. A colorao azulada
dessa espcie que a distingue das demais espcies de garas existentes
no litoral norte. Dados morfomtricos: asa 237 mm, cauda 81 mm,
bico 82 mm, tarso 80 mm.
Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758).
Little Blue Heron
On the north coast of Bahia, the locale where this species is most often
seen is the mangroves around Mangue Seco, where it forages with other
heron species and king fishers. Dark blue coloring distinguishes adults
from the other herons present on the north coast. Immatures are allwhite and can be distinguished by shape and the color of the legs and bill.
Morphometric data: wing 237 mm, tail 81 mm, beak 82 mm, tarsus 80
mm.
Bubulcus ibis ibis ( Linn, 1758 ).
Gara-vaqueira (Cattle Egret)
A gara-vaqueira originria do continente africano, tendo chegado
ao Brasil no fim da dcada de 50, mas na Bahia a espcie s foi
observada no ano de 1988, no municpio de Jeremoabo e logo depois
se expandiu por quase todo o estado da Bahia. No litoral norte mais
freqente nos municpios onde a agropecuria desenvolvida. uma
espcie fortemente associada ao gado, porque dele se aproveita para
obter alimento que geralmente consta de gafanhotos, cobras e ratos.
Costuma se reproduzir em grandes colnias que podem contar com
at mais de 10.000 indivduos. No perodo reprodutivo, as penas do
alto da cabea e do peito adquirem um tom alaranjado. A postura
pode constar de dois a cinco ovos de cor azulada. Ninhais de B. ibis
so freqentados pelas demais espcies de garas para reproduo,
formando uma grande colnia. Usando a tcnica de anilhamento com
anilhas coloridas ou de metal, as garas foram monitoradas durante os
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nest but could be banded. In all the nests where the change was made,
the chicks were banded with colored bands. The swapped chicks were
accepted, which proves the adults can recognize the nests but are unable
to recognize their progeny. This nest management showed that it could
be an effective tool in reducing chick mortality rates in colonies of B. ibis
where there are large age differences between siblings. Relocating chicks
of the same age and weight from different nests could reduce competition
between individuals of different ages. This technique facilitates banding in
colonies, since it is not necessary to place average-weight chicks (between
50g to 100g) in their original nests. They can be randomly reintroduced in
different nests which greatly reduces the time spent in the banding process
and cuts down greatly on the amount of time a banding team needs to
stay within a breeding colony. Using this management technique, it was
observed that that the mortality rate for the banded birds that were part
of the experiment was 1.57%, which is considered normal, compared with
the natural mortality in colonies of B. ibis, which can be much higher.
The average weight between siblings varied between a minimum two and
maximum four in the 190 nests was the following: the lowest average was
30g (n=4 ;26g/36g); the highest average was 207.5g (150g/250g) where
there was a wide discrepancy between sibling weights and where the
average weight was 87.5g (22g/148). We can therefore observe that the
first ones are at a real disadvantage in competition for food in relation
to the older siblings. Of the 77 nests with a total of 170 eggs, we gathered
the following averages: one egg (n=16; 20.78%), two eggs (n=25; 32.45%),
three eggs (n=34; 44,15%) and four eggs (n=4; 2.6%), with an average egg
weight of 25.07g, average diameter of 4.31cm x 3. 25cm. This data differs
from that collected in the 1996 campaign when the average weight was
found to be 34.7g (n=9). Morphometric data: wing 230 mm, head 105
mm, beak 57 mm, tail 88 mm, tarsus 77 mm.
Butorides striatus striatus (Linn, 1758)
Soczinho (Green -striated Heron)
Essa espcie ocorre nos manguezais e tambm nos ambientes alagadios,
tais como lagoas, rios e pntanos. A sua colorao lhe proporciona uma
perfeita camuflagem, por isso pode permanecer esttico durante longo
tempo, esperando o momento exato de arpoar sua presa. A postura
consta de dois ovos de cor azulada, pesando em mdia 13.8g e medindo
37 mm x 29 mm. Os filhotes nascem com plumagem cinza e os imaturos
possuem colorao amarronzada. Os ninhos so confeccionados de
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(Vieillot, 1817)
(Vieillot, 1817)
A small yellow heron with black and rust colored stripes. It lives in wetlands
full of vegetation where,like the preceding species, it is very difficult to
see. It was recordedfirst recorded in Bahia in 1984. Morphometric data:
weight 75 mm, total length 305 mm, wing 115 mm, tail 45 mm, beak 50
mm, tarsus 41 mm.
Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot, 1823)
Soc-amarelo (Striped-backed Bittern)
Gara pequena de plumagem amarela com manchas pretas e cor de
ferrugem. Vive em ambientes alagadios repletos de vegetao (junco).
Semelhante espcie anterior, muito difcil de ser avistada em seu
ambiente. Foi registrada pela primeira vez para a Bahia, em 1984. Dados
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morfomtricos: peso 75 mm, comprimento total 305 mm, asa 115 mm,
cauda 45 mm, bico 50 mm, tarso 41 mm.
Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot, 1823)
Striped-backed Bittern
A small yellow heron with black and rust colored stripes. It lives in wetlands
full of vegetation where,like the preceding species, it is very difficult to
see. It was recordedfirst recorded in Bahia in 1984. Morphometric data:
weight 75 mm, total length 305 mm, wing 115 mm, tail 45 mm, beak 50
mm, tarsus 41 mm.
Famila Cochlearidae
Famlia Cochlearidae
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Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae Family
Eudocimus ruber (Linnaeus, 1758).
Scarlet Ibis
Ciconidae
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Ciconidae Family
Cathartidae
Cathartidae Family
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have been observed at one roost. Morphometric data: total length 690 mm,
wing 550 mm, tail 230 mm, head 125 mm, beak 35 mm, tarsus 100 mm.
Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte, 1793).
Urubu-de-cabea-preta (Black Vulture)
o urubu mais comum e abundante no litoral norte e freqenta todos
os habitats, exceto as florestas densas. Nas praias, essas aves podem ser
vistas alimentando-se de aves ocenicas mortas no perodo do inverno,
ou predando ninhos de tartarugas. A maior concentrao dessa espcie
localiza-se em grandes lixes e nos aterros sanitrios distribudos
pelos municpios do litoral norte. A grande concentrao dessas aves
nas proximidades do aeroporto de Salvador vem preocupando as
autoridades aeroporturias, cuja maior preocupao afast-los das
rotas das aeronaves. A postura de um nico ovo e s vezes dois ovos
esverdeados, salpicados de manchas marrons. Os urubus possuem um
mecanismo de defesa muito eficiente: tanto os adultos como os filhotes
vomitam para se livrar dos predadores. J observamos bandos de urubus
comendo cadveres da sua prpria espcie, atropelados nas estradas.
Em uma outra ocasio, observamos um bando matar um dos membros
de seu grupo. Dados morfomtricos: peso 2 kg, comprimento total 560
mm, asa 420 mm, cauda 165 mm, cabea 112 mm, bico 54 mm, tarso
80 mm.
Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte, 1793).
Black Vulture
This is the most abundant vulture along the north coast, where it frequents
all types of habitats except dense forests. On beaches, these birds can be
seen feeding on dead seabirds. The largest concentrations of this species are
around garbage dumps and sanitary landfills throughout the municipalities
the north coast. Its abundance close to Salvadors airport is worrying to
officials there, who are trying to get them away from airplane approach
paths. It lays one to two greenish eggs that are dotted with brown dots.
Adult as well as juvenile vultures have a very efficient defense mechanism:
when they are caught, they regurgitate the contents of their stomach. The
stench this vomit produces is so strong that the capturer is driven to nausea.
We have observed groups of vultures eat members of their own species when
they find them on the highway after being run over by a vehicle. On another
occasion, we saw a flock kill one of its own members. Morphometric data:
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weight 2 kg, total length 560 mm, wing 420 mm, tail 165 mm, head 112
mm, beak 54 mm, tarsus 80 mm.
Cathartes aura ruficollis (Spix, 1824).
Urubu-de-cabea-vermelha (Turkey Vulture)
muitas vezes confundido pelos leigos como sendo da espcie do gavio,
tanto pela sua aerodinmica, como pelo seu vo rpido e planado.
Costuma viver em grupos no muito grandes, ou ento isolados; pode
perceber pelo olfato uma pequena carnia (r) escondida debaixo de
uma rvore. Busca animais atropelados nas estradas, principalmente
ao amanhecer. Os adultos tm a pele do pescoo e a cabea na cor
avermelhada e negra nos jovens. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento
total 490 mm, asa 500 mm, cauda 265 mm, bico 25 mm, tarso 60 mm.
Cathartes aura ruficollis (Spix, 1824)
Turkey Vulture
This bird is often confused by non-experts with a hawk due to its
aerodynamic mastery, and fast and gliding flight. They live in small
groups or as isolated individuals. This birds sense of smell is so refined
that it can discover a small carcass (such as that of a frog) hidden in the
forest. The Turkey Vulture goes after animals that have been run over
on highways, principally in the early hours of the morning. The heads
and necks of adults are red, whereas these parts in juveniles are black.
Morphometric Data: total length 490 mm, wing 500 mm, tail 265 mm,
beak 25 mm, tarsus 60 mm.
Cathartes burrovianus urubitinga (Pelzeln, 1861).
Urubu-de-cabea-amarela (Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture)
Muito parecida com a anterior, essa espcie difere pela colorao
amarelada do pescoo e do alto da cabea. Voando alto, a uma distncia
em que no se pode distinguir o colorido do pescoo e da cabea, essa
espcie de urubu pode ser confundida com a espcie anterior. muito
menos freqente do que a C. aurea no litoral norte e o seu mtodo
de caar se assemelha ao da espcie anterior. Dados morfomtricos:
comprimento total 540 mm, asa 460 mm, cauda 220 mm, bico 21 mm,
tarso 61 mm.
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Anseriformes
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Anatidae Family
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This is the most abundant duck along the northern coast. At CETREL
between April and September, flocks estimated at 2,000 to 3,000 individuals
visit the flooded areas. Many such flocks occur around marshy areas of
the northern coast, particularly in the flooded areas around Conde. They
reproduce in regions where they can construct their nests far from the
water. The male is bigger and has a longer red stripe on its beak. A male
of this species which was banded at CETREL, was killed by hunters in
Jequi, in the interior of Bahia. Its nest can be built far from water and
we have found eight eggs in one nest that weigh 33 grams and measure
46 mm x 37 mm. Morphometric data: weight 400g, total length 415 mm,
wing 193 mm, beak 38,5mm, tarsus 44,6mm.
Netta erythrophthalma (Wied, 1832)
Paturi-preta (Southern Pochard)
uma das espcies mais raras no litoral norte, ficando atrs somente da
Oxyura dominica. O local de maior concentrao dessa espcie no litoral
norte est situado numa lagoa, no municpio de Candeias. A plumagem
da fmea tem a cor marrom acinzentado e tem uma mancha branca
prxima ao olho; o macho preto brilhante e tem os olhos vermelhos.
Essa espcie tambm se reproduz na regio. Dados morfomtricos: asa
210 mm, cabea 96 mm, cauda 51 mm, bico 46 mm, tarso 39 mm.
Netta erythrophthalma (Wied, 1832)
Southern Pochard
This is one of the rarest ducks on the northern Bahia coast (only the
Masked Duck is less common). The place with the highest concentration
of this species along the north coast is the municipality of Candeias. The
females plumage is a gray brown color and a white swath next to the eye.
The male is mostly blackish with red eyes. This species also reproduces in
the region. Morphometric data: wing 210 mm, head 96 mm, tail 51 mm,
beak 46 mm, tarsus 39 mm.
Amazonetta brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789)
Marreca-p-vermelho (Brazilian Duck)
uma espcie de porte pequeno. O macho tem o bico e o tarso em
vermelho e a fmea tem o bico azulado. Quando levanta vo, podemos
ver uma mancha branca sobre as asas, tanto no macho, como na fmea.
comum no litoral norte e vive aos pares ou em pequenos grupos
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Falconiformes
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Pandionidae Family
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Accipitridae
Accipitridae Family
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( Latham, 1790 ).
The gray-headed kite frequents the intact forests of the northern coast.
It feeds on a wide range of range small animals, including insects, frogs,
lizards and small birds. It is a skittish bird and difficult to see. We
recorded this bird in some high sandy coastal forest in Bahias lower south
region (Ituber). There is a specimen of this species stored in CETRELs
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collection. Morphometric data: wing 318 mm, tail 220 mm, beak 32 mm,
tarsus 42 mm.
Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus ( Temminck, 1822).
Caracoleiro (Hook-billed Kite)
A sua presena no litoral norte foi comprovada atravs de dois
exemplares capturados na cidade de Salvador, ambos atropelados.
Um deles foi recuperado e devolvido natureza e o segundo morreu.
No contedo estomacal do indivduo foram encontrados pedaos de
conchas de moluscos. Esse espcime depositado da coleo da Cetrel.
Dados morfomtricos: Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 400
mm, asa 265 mm, cauda 182 mm, bico 29 mm, tarso 32 mm.
Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus ( Temminck , 1822)
Hook-billed Kite
The birds presence in the northern coast region is substantiated by two
specimens collected after they were run over by cars in Salvador. One of
them was treated and released back into nature; the other died. Among
the dead kites stomach contents were snail shells. This specimen is stored
in CETRELs collection. Morphometric data: weight total length 400 mm,
wing 265 mm, tail 182 mm, beak 29 mm, tarsus 32 mm.
Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham, 1790)
Ripina (Double-toothed Kite)
Ocorre na Mata Atlntica do litoral norte bem caracterstica porque
possui dois dentes no bico. Vive em diversos estratos da floresta,
tanto na copa, como na parte inferior da floresta e alimenta-se de
rpteis, insetos e pequenos pssaros Dados morfomtricos: peso 135g,
comprimento total 305 mm, asa 200 mm, cauda 15omm, bico 16 mm,
tarso 40 mm.
Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham, 1790)
Double-toothed Kite
This species occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest of the northern coastal
region. In the hand, it is readily distinguishable by the two teeth on its
bill. It lives in diverse strata of the forest from the canopy to the lower
echelons and feeds on reptiles, insects and small birds. Morphometric
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data: weight 135g, total length 305 mm, wing 200 mm, tail 150mm, beak
16 mm, tarsus 40 mm.
Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis ( Vieillot, 1817 ).
Gavio-caramujeiro (Snail Kite)
O gavio-caramujeiro pode ser encontrado de Salvador (Parque de
Pituau) a Mangue Seco, portanto, distribudo por todo o litoral norte
da Bahia. Habita reas alagadias, onde pode encontrar seu principal
alimento, um molusco denominado aru (Pomacea, Ampullariidae).
Podemos encontrar no perodo das cheias (inverno), bandos de tamanho
varivel, dependendo da extenso das reas alagadias e da demanda de
alimento. A R. sociabilis uma espcie fcil de ser identificada, ou
pela sua presena sempre associada a ambientes alagadios, ou pelos
seus hbitos alimentares. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total
4230 mm, asa 342 mm, cauda 150 mm, bico 31 mm, tarso 44 mm.
Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817).
Snail Kite
The Snail Kite can be found in Salvador in the Pituau city park and
is widely distributed throughout the north coast region. It lives in
wetlands, where its principal food source, a mollusk known locally as
aru (Pomacea, Ampullariidae) occurs. During the winter rainy season,
we often find flocks the of size which depends on the extensiveness of
the wetland and availability of food. R. sociabilis is highly predictable
in occurrence as it is always associated with wet environments and has
singular foraging habits. Morphometric data: total length 4230 mm, wing
342 mm, tail 150mm, beak 31 mm, tarsus 44 mm.
Accipiter bicolor (Vieillot, 1817)
Gavio-bombachinha-grande (Bicolored Hawk)
uma espcie florestal que foi vista pela primeira vez em um ecossistema
de cerrado no litoral norte da Bahia. Um espcime dessa espcie
acostumou-se a predar os pintos que eram utilizados como alimento das
aves de rapina em treinamento no Centro de Triagem da Cetrel. Esse
exemplar freqentou o local por uma semana e depois desapareceu.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 175 g, comprimento total 374 mm, asa 193
mm, cauda 155 mm, bico 20 mm, tarso 50 mm.
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Accipter bicolor
Bicolored Hawk
(Vieillot, 1817)
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in dives or straight flight. The breeding season starts in April with the
cleaning and construction of the nest; the chicks hatch in August. Two
eggs are laid, and the older chick kills its younger sibling. Morphometric
data: weight 765g, total length 468 mm, wing 390 mm, tail 180mm, beak
37 mm, tarsus 100 mm.
Asturina nitida ( Latham, 1790 ).
Gavio-pedrs (Gray Hawk)
uma espcie de gavio florestal do porte da espcie Rupornis
magnirostris. No fcil de ser observado no interior da floresta. O
dorso na cor cinza e a parte inferior em cinza e branco riscada de faixas
cinza confundem o observador quanto verdadeira cor, quando a ave
est voando no interior da floresta. Somente se observarmos quando
essa ave est parada, que poderemos notar as suas caractersticas mais
marcantes e depois de nos acostumarmos a observ-la e conhecermos o
tipo de seu vo que ficar mais fcil reconhecermos a espcie. Dados
morfomtricos: comprimento total 410 mm, asa 255 mm, cauda 166
mm, bico 34 mm, tarso 66 mm.
Asturina nitida ( Latham, 1790 ).
Gray Hawk
This is a shy forest hawk about the same size as the Roadside Hawk.
The gray coloring of its back and its lower body being gray and white
intersected gray stripes is confusing to someone observing it and makes
it difficult to ascertain its real coloring when the bird is flying within the
forest. When the bird is perched its true coloration is more evident. After
repeated observations of this species, its flight pattern becomes its most
distinctive characteristic. Morphometric data: total length 410 mm, wing
255 mm, tail 166 mm, beak 34 mm, tarsus 66 mm.
Buteo albonotatus abbreviatus (Cabanis, 1847).
Gavio-de-rabo-barrado (Zone-tailed Hawk)
Muito parecido com o urubu-de-cabea-vermelha quando est voando,
difere dele porque tem a cabea emplumada com penas na cor preta,
ao contrrio do urubu que desprovido de penas. Voando junto com
os urubus, facilmente confundido com eles, por isso necessrio
prestarmos ateno na existncia ou no de plumagem na cabea e
observarmos a presena de trs faixas cinzentas na cauda. No comum,
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This species of hawk is much more common in the caatinga (dry thorn
forest) ecosystem, where we have even seen a nest attached to a cactus.
This is a medium sized bird which is distinguishable through its chestnutcolored scapulars and the white base and tip of its tail. It is not common
along the northern Bahia coast. Morphometric data: weight 900g, total
length 530 mm, wing 345 mm, tail 330 mm, beak 25 mm, tarsus 93 mm.
Buteogallus meridionalis meridionalis ( Latham, 1790 ).
Gavio-caboclo (Savanna Hawk)
um gavio de grande porte que vive em reas abertas onde busca
alimento: insetos, cobras, lagartixas, iguanas etc. muito comum ser
observado no solo em busca de alimento. O imaturo possui a colorao
do peito e abdome amarela riscado com faixas negras. Quanto levanta
vo, podemos observar as suas longas e largas asas e seu vo pesado.
Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 494 mm, asa 397 mm, cauda
182 mm, bico 33 mm, tarso 110 mm.
Buteogallus meridionalis meridionalis ( Latham, 1790 ).
Savanna Hawk
This is a large hawk that lives in open areas where it hunts for its main
food sources: insects, lizards, snakes, iguanas, etc.. It is very common to
see it hunting for food on the ground. An immature savanna hawk has an
orangish breast and abdomen crossed with black barring. When it flies,
we can observe its long, broad wings and heavy flight. Morphometric
data: total length 494 mm, wing 397 mm, tail 182 mm, beak 33 mm,
tarsus 110 mm.
Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin, 1788)
Gavio-preto (Great Black Hawk)
um gavio de porte grande e de pernas longas. A presena dessa espcie
para o litoral norte foi comprovada atravs de um exemplar jovem que
foi baleado por um caador e nos foi entregue. A ave morreu e foi
depositada na coleo da Cetrel. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento
total 590 mm, asa 390 mm, cauda 240 mm, bico 46 mm, tarso 220 mm.
No comum no litoral norte.
Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin, 1788)
Great Black Hawk
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This is a large bird with long legs. It is not common in the north coast
region. The presence of this species in the northern shore region was
confirmed when a juvenile specimen that had been shot was turned over
to us. The bird died and was stored in CETRELs collection. Morphometric
data: total length 590 mm, wing 390 mm, tail 240 mm, beak 46 mm,
tarsus 220 mm.
Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis (Temminick, 1821).
Gavio-pernilongo (Crane Hawk)
um gavio provido de pernas e de cauda longa na cor cinza azulado.
Suas pernas longas so ferramentas perfeitas para apanhar alimentos
dentro de cavidades e no interior de bromlias. J observamos o Mivalgo
chimachima roubar uma r que tinha acabado ser capturada por um
G. caerulescens. Freqentam diversos ecossistemas do litoral norte, no
entanto no so numerosos. Dados morfomtricos: asa 300 mm, cauda
230 mm, bico 20 mm, tarso 80 mm.
Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis (Temminick, 1821).
Crane Hawk
This hawk has a long, bluish-gray tail and long legs which are the perfect
tool to seek out food in the cavities of bromeliads. We have seen the Yellowheaded Caracara (Milvalgo chimachima) steal a frog that had just been
caught by a G. caerulescens. It occurs in diverse places within the north
coast region but is not abundant. Morphometric data: wing 300 mm, tail
230 mm, beak 20 mm, tarsus 80 mm.
Falconidae
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Dados morfomtricos: asa 240 mm, cabea 68 mm, cauda 156 mm, bico
21.5mm, tarso 49 mm.
Falconidae Family
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This is a common species. It lives in open areas, often where there are cattle
from which it extracts ticks and flea larva to feed on. In one instance, a
Yellow-headed Caracara became fixated with catching ticks embedded in
a capybara, on which it left a large dorsal wound. It returned repeatedly
to the wound and extracted large pieces of flesh. It is common to see this
species, together with the Southern Caracar and vultures, scavenging for
dead animals on roads, highways or on beaches. It takes advantage of
fishermens catch and will swoop down to steal fish caught in nets or
discarded scraps at the edge of the water. Juveniles have dark coloration
overlaid with strong yellow bars. Morphometric data: weight 280g; total
length 374 mm; wing 267 mm; tail 171 mm; beak 20 mm; tarsus 58 mm.
Caracara plancus (Miller, 1777).
Caracar (Crested Caracara)
um dos falces muito comuns nas reas abertas. Costuma freqentar
as estradas, em busca de animais atropelados. J observamos bandos
numerosos (cerca de 80 aves) ciscando em fazendas de lodo na rea
industrial, provavelmente em busca de minhocas. Tambm costuma ciscar
nas fezes do gado bovino, em busca de algum organismo. J observamos
vrias vezes a espcie C. plancus cercando a Falco peregrinus quando
se alimenta no solo e tenta roubar-lhe a presa. s vezes, consegue fazlo ou ento se aproveita das sobras. Os jovens so na cor mais parda.
Os ninhos so na forma de tigela grande confeccionada de gravetos.
J observamos a postura de trs ovos na cor marrom claro, salpicada
de manchas escuras. A plumagem dos filhotes tem a colorao preta e
amarela. Dados morfomtricos: peso 690g, comprimento total 420 mm,
asa 380 mm, cauda 210 mm, bico 39 mm, tarso 89 mm (macho).
Caracara plancus (Miller, 1777)
Southern Caracara
This is one of the most common raptors in open areas and can be seen
along roads and highways looking for road-kill. It feeds on worms and is
known to sift through cattle feces in search of such organisms. We have
observed large flocks of this species (around 80 individuals) sweeping
across slush farms [Pedro: whats a slush farm?] in industrial areas,
probably on the lookout for worms. Several times we have witnessed the
Southern Caracara following a hunting Peregrine Falcon hoping to steal
its catch. It is quite successful in doing this but when it fails, it contents
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itself with the leftovers. The juveniles are darker than adults. The nest
is made of twigs and shaped like a large bowl. We have seen up to three
eggs, which are a clear brown color sprinkled with dark streaks. The
chicks plumage is black and yellow. Morphometric data: weight 690g,
total length 420 mm, wing 380 mm, tail 210 mm, beak 39 mm, tarsus 89
mm (male).
Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonaparte, 1838).
Falco-peregrino (Peregrine Falcon)
O primeiro registro do F. peregrinus para a Bahia foi atravs de um
exemplar coletado por E. Garbe na cidade de Barra em 1908. Em 1984,
registramos a espcie em Salvador e hoje j registramos essa espcie
em diversas regies do estado da Bahia, inclusive em diversas regies
do litoral norte, incluindo Mangue Seco, onde freqenta uma regio
de dunas na foz do Rio Real. Nesse habitat, alimenta-se de maaricos
e representantes da famlia Sternidae, inclusive da Sterna dougallii.
Alimenta-se de uma ampla variedade de aves, dentre elas, pombos de
rua das espcies Mimus saturninus, Passer domesticus etc. Costuma
caar nos horrios em que o sol no est muito forte nas manhs e
tarde e no resto do dia gosta de ficar empoleirado num local de sombra.
Caa morcegos ao entardecer. Dados morfomtricos: peso 477g,
comprimento total 395 mm, asa 305 mm, cauda 140 mm, bico 27 mm,
tarso 42 mm (macho). Peso 800g, comprimento total 475 mm, asa 340
mm, cauda 175 mm, bico 28 mm, tarso 54 mm (fmea).
Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonaparte, 1838).
Peregrine Falcon
The first record of the Peregrine Falcon in Bahia was a specimen collected
by E. Garbe in the city of Barra in 1908. In 1984, we recorded the species
in Salvador and today we have records of the bird in several regions of the
state, including the north shore region and in Mangue Seco, where it can
be seen frequenting an area of sandbars at the mouth of the Rio River Real
[Pedro: what is the name of this river?]. In this type of habitat, it feeds on
king fishers and terns, including the endangered Roseate Tern. It feeds on
a wide array of birds, amongst which are domestic pigeons,, mockingbirds,
and House Sparrows. It usually hunts when the sun is less intense in the
mornings and evenings, spending the rest of the day perched in a shaded
place. In the late afternoon, it sometimes hunts bats. Morphometric data:
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weight 477g, total length 395 mm, wing 305 mm, tail 140 mm, beak 27
mm, tarsus 42 mm (male). Weight 800g, total length 475 mm, wing 340
mm, tail 175 mm, beak 28 mm, tarsus 54 mm (female).
Falco femoralis femoralis (Temminck, 1822 ).
Falco-de-coleira (Aplomado Falcon)
Essa espcie ocorre nas reas abertas, onde podem delimitar o seu
territrio. Vive normalmente em casal. Alimenta-se de diversas
espcies de aves, tais como Colaptes melanochloros, Guira guira,
Leptotila verreauxi e pombos domsticos e morcegos no crepsculo.
Aproveita-se dos ninhos das outras aves, para realizar sua postura e os
filhotes possuem a plumagem na cor cinza escura. Pode caar sozinho
ou em dupla. Certa vez, tivemos a ocasio de observar um bando desses
pssaros que se encontravam no solo catando alimento e ao perceberem
a sombra de um indivduo da espcie F. femoralis, todos voaram de
uma s vez para um local seguro na copa de uma rvore. No entanto,
um Guira guira que decolou atrasado, foi predado em pleno ar. Dados
morfomtricos asa 163 mm, cauda 100 mm, bico 18 mm, tarso 44 mm.
Falco femoralis femoralis (Temminck, 1822 ).
Aplomado Falcon
The Aplomado Falcon occurs in open areas and normally both sexes
defend their territory. It feeds on various species of birds such as: Greenbarred Woodpecker, Guira Cuckoo, Leptotila verreauxi White-tipped
Dove, and domestic pigeons. The bird lays its eggs in nests already made
by other species. The chicks plumage is dark gray. The Aplomado Falcon
hunts alone or in pairs. We once saw a group of birds on the ground
looking for food and when they perceived the presence of a F. femoralis,
they all flew to the safety of a tree canopy nearby. A Guira Cuckoo that
was late in taking off was caught by the falcon in mid-air. One of the
most spectacular scenes weve witnessed was that of a pair of F. femoralis
attacking a flock of domestic pigeons. Their strategy was to separate one
of the birds from the general flock and the male would fly above it while
the female remained below to wait for the pigeon to tire. At the first sign
of fatigue, the unfortunate pigeon was easy prey.
Morphometric data wing 163 mm, tail 100 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 44
mm.
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Penelope superciliaris
jacupemba (Spix, 1825).
Rusty-margined Guan
Galliformes
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Cracidae Family
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Aramidae Family
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Rallidae
Rallidae Family
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This species occurs in flooded areas spread along the northern Bahia
shore. It is very skittish and lives embedded in the vegetation; its presence
can only be detected by its vocalization. Morphometric data: weight 90g,
total length 292 mm, wing 133 mm, tail 50 mm, beak 48 mm, tarsus 43
mm.
Amaurolimnas concolor castaneus (Pucheran, 1851 ).
Saracurinha-da-mata (Uniform Crake)
Essa espcie ocorre nas reas alagadias, no meio de florestas altas. O
seu colorido, quase uniforme, facilita sua identificao. muito arisca
e difcil de ser avistada. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 218
mm, asa 127 mm, cauda 56 mm, bico 27 mm, tarso 42 mm.
Amaurolimnas concolor castaneus (Pucheran, 1851 ).
Uniform Crake
This species occurs in wetlands areas in the middle of mature forests. Its
almost uniform coloring makes identification easy. It is very skittish and
difficult to see. Morphometric data: total length 218 mm, wing 127 mm,
tail 56 mm, beak 27 mm, tarsus 42 mm.
Aramides mangle (Spix, 1825.).
Saracura-da-praia (Little Wood-Rail )
A presena da saracura-do-mangue (A. mangle) relatada em praias
lodosas, mangues e matas adjacentes (Sick, 1997). Pinto (1964) coletou
um exemplar macho dessa espcie na caatinga, no municpio de Bonfim
(Bahia). Segundo relatos da comunidade, A. mangle uma espcie que
no emite qualquer tipo de som, sendo considerada surda. Ocorre no
interior da caatinga, em ambientes secos e distantes da gua e agrupase em bandos que contam s vezes com mais de 15 aves. O seu ninho
bastante semelhante ao ninho da Aramides cajanea, em forma de tigela
e confeccionado com gravetos. Um ninho foi localizado no dia 13 de
maio de 2005 e estava debaixo das folhagens de um pequeno arbusto,
distante cerca de trs metros do solo. A postura consta de dois ovos
que medem 39 mm X 31 mm e pesam em mdia 23,5g, de cor branca
salpicada de pintas vermelhas. Detectamos a presena de outros dois
ninhos localizados nas proximidades, no entanto, ambos j haviam sido
abandonados. Dados morfomtricos: peso 230g, Comprimento total
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320 mm, asa 155 mm, retrizes 65 mm, cabea 71 mm, clmen 40 mm,
tarso 54 mm.
Aramides mangle (Spix, 1825.)
Little Wood-Rail
The presence of the little wood rail has been noted on slushy beaches, in
mangroves and their adjacent forests. (Sick, 1997). Pinto (1964) collected
a male sample of the species in the Caatinga, in the municipality of
Bonfim, Bahia state. According to communities where the bird occurs, it
does not make any type of sound or call, and is therefore considered to
be deaf. It occurs in dry and far removed environments in the interior of
the Caatinga. It can be seen in flocks of more than 15 members. The nest
is very similar to that of Aramides cajanea, and is shaped like of bowl
and made of twigs. One such nest was found on May 13, 2005 located
under the leaves of a bush about three meters from the ground. It lays two
white eggs speckled with red dots, which measure 39 mm X 31 mm with
an average weight of 23.5g. We found two other abandoned nests in the
vicinity. Morphometric data: weight 230 g, Total length 320 mm, wing
155 mm, retrizes 65 mm, head 71 mm, culmen 40 mm, tarsus 54 mm.
Aramides cajanea cajanea ( Mller, 1776 ).
Trs-potes (Gray-necked Wood-Rail)
Ocorre em todo o litoral norte da Bahia, das dunas do STIEP em
Salvador at Mangue Seco. a saracura mais comum. O seu canto
muitas vezes em dueto, quando ento uma delas canta e a outra
responde de longe. Consiste de vrias repeties que podem perdurar
durante alguns minutos. mais pronunciado ao amanhecer e no final
da tarde. Habita locais prximos s fontes de gua, mas pode colonizar
em locais distantes da gua. O seu ninho tem a forma de uma tigela e
ns j presenciamos a postura de trs ovos de cor branca com pintas
marrons. Os filhotes nascem cobertos de plumagem na cor negra. Os
jovens no possuem o pescoo todo cinza e as coberteiras inferiores das
asas so do tipo pedrez, diferindo do adulto que as tem negras. Dados
morfomtricos: comprimento total 340 mm, asa 190 mm, cauda 75 mm,
tarso 78 mm e bico 46 mm. Pesam em mdia 370g.
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lives hidden in the midst of this vegetation and is often run over when
attempting to cross highways. Morphometric data: weight 85g, total
length 220 mm, wing 100 mm, tail 45 mm, head 55 mm, beak 26 mm,
tarsus 35 mm.
Laterallus melanophaius melanophaius ( Vieillot, 1819 ).
Pinto-dgua-comum ( Rufus-side Crake )
Essa espcie ocorre em reas alagadas, onde a vegetao densa. Arisca,
muito difcil de ser vista. Podemos ouvir o seu canto, entretanto no
conseguimos avist-la. Constri o seu ninho na parte superior das
folhagens dos juncos, feito de folhas e junco. A postura consta de trs
ovos na cor branca com pintas castanhas. Quando esto no perodo
reprodutivo e nos aproximamos de seu ninho, os pintos dgua ficam
inquietos e saem de dentro da vegetao, sempre sonorizando. J
capturamos um casal, no qual observamos a existncia de dimorfismo
sexual: a fmea tinha o calo preto cortado por uma faixa branca
estreita e media: comprimento total 175 mm, asa 79 mm, retrizes 40
mm, cabea 40 mm, bico 18 mm, tarso 34 mm e peso 45g. O macho tinha
o calo marrom com uma faixa preta um pouco mais larga do que a da
fmea e era ligeiramente maior do que ela. Esses dados foram obtidos
de um casal que tinha sido atropelado numa estrada. Ambos possuam
as gnodas desenvolvidas. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total
178 mm, asa 82 mm, retrizes 43 mm, cabea 42 mm, bico 19 mm e peso
50g.
Laterallus melanophaius melanophaius (Vieillot, 1819 ).
Rufous-side Crake
This species occurs in flooded areas where the vegetation is dense. It is
skittish and very difficult to see, even when its call is audible. It builds
its nest, made of leaves and rush vegetation, on the upper leaves of rush
vegetation. It lays three white eggs with brownish dots. When they are
in their reproductive period, and their nest is approached, they become
very agitated and come out from amongst the vegetation making a lot of
noise. We caught a pair and from them it was possible to see the sexual
dimorphism: the female has a black thigh cut by a thin white stripe: total
length 175 mm, wing 79 mm, tail feathers 40 mm, head 40 mm, beak 18
mm, tarsus 34 mm and weight 45g. The male has a brown thigh with a
black stripe slightly larger than the females and it is also slightly larger.
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These data were taken from a pair that was run over on a highway. Both
had developed mandibles. Morphometric data: total length 178 mm, wing
82 mm, retrizes 43 mm, head 42 mm, beak 19 mm e weight 50g.
Laterallus viridis viridis (Mller, 1776)
Siricora-mirim (Russet-crowned Crake.)
O Siricora-mirim (Laterallus v. viridis) ocorre nas matas secas do Litoral
Norte, no cerrado e na restinga. adaptado a ambientes secos em que a
gua escassa. De colorao pardo-olivcea, pernas e olhos vermelhos.
Elas so aves bastante territoriais, capazes de deixar o esconderijo se
ouvirem o barulho de outros indivduos da mesma espcie, so aves
muito ariscas e difceis de serem vistas. O ninho semelhante a uma
bola feita de capim com uma entrada lateral, podendo estar localizado
no solo ou entre os galhos da vegetao rasteira. A postura consta de
dois ovos de cor branca pura, medindo 33 mm x 25 mm e pesando,
em mdia, 11,3g. A casca do ovo pesa 1g e o perodo de incubao
de 25 dias. Quando nascem, os filhotes pesam entre 8.6g e 6.6g e
so recobertos de plumagem na cor preta. No dia 25 de janeiro deste
ano, encontramos um ninho dessa espcie recm construdo. No dia
31, presenciamos a postura do primeiro ovo. No dia 24 de fevereiro,
s 15 horas, observamos que um dos ovos comeara a eclodir. Ao
retornar ao ninho, uma hora depois, os dois filhotes j tinham nascido
ainda estavam molhados e emitiam um forte som. Comeamos a
gravar e cena e depois, ao assisti-la novamente, percebemos que os
pais se comunicavam com os filhotes utilizando o mesmo som. Logo
em seguida, observamos que os filhotes estavam nervosos e agitados
dentro do ninho, tempos depois no percebemos mais nenhum som.
Contudo, o ponteiro do gravador continuava batendo no mximo.
Quando escutamos a gravao, percebemos um som bem agudo que
no havamos notado. No dia seguinte, os filhotes no foram mais
observados no ninho. A gravao dos sons emitidos pelos filhotes
ao se comunicarem com os pais algo importante para entendermos
mais sobre o sistema de comunicao entre filhotes e adultos dessa
espcie. O som agudo, nem sempre audvel ao ser humano, algo que
precisa ser mais bem estudado. A gravao desses sons ser enviada
para especialistas que trabalham com sonograma, no intuito de que
possamos entender melhor o sistema de comunicao dessa espcie.
Dados morfomtricos: peso de 56g, comprimento total de 175 mm, asa
com 88 mm, cauda com 27 mm, bico de 17 mm e tarso de 38 mm..
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(Schubb, 1867).
Essa espcie ocorre na orla das matas espalhadas pelo litoral norte.
muito difcil de ser observada. So aves de pequeno porte e tm o
bico vermelho e a garganta branca. Dados morfomtricos: peso 41g,
comprimento total 203 mm, asa 100 mm, cauda 35 mm, bico 35 mm,
tarso 22 mm.
Neocrex erythrops olivacens
Paint-billed Crake
(Schubb, 1867)
This species occurs along the forests next to the shore in the north Bahia
coastal region. It is difficult to see. These are small birds and have a red
beak and white throat: weight 41g, total length 203 mm, wing 100 mm,
tail 35 mm, beak 35 mm, tarsus 22 mm.
Porphyriops melanops melanops (Vieillot, 1819)
Frango-d gua-carij (Spot-flanked Gallinule)
Semelhante ao frango-dgua, freqenta inclusive o mesmo habitat e os
dois podem ser vistos juntos, buscando alimento. No entanto, o seu porte
menor e a sua colorao diferente (esverdeada com pintas brancas).
So aves ariscas e esto sempre com a cauda balanando. Quando se
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Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae Family
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Jacanidae Family
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152g, total length 254 mm, wing 142 mm, tail 45 mm, beak 31 mm, tarsus
68 mm (female).
Rostratulidae
Rostratulidae Family
Haematopodidae
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Haematopodidae Family
Charadriidae
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Charadriidae Family
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in the mangroves. Morphometric data: weight 196g, total length 264 mm,
wing 193 mm, tail 71 mm, beak 33 mm, tarsus 49 mm.
Pluvialis dominica (Mller, 1766).
Batuiruu (Lesser Golder Plover)
Visitante da Amrica do Norte, semelhante espcie anterior, no
possui, porm a mancha negra axilar. A sua ocorrncia no litoral norte
rara, existindo apenas um registro de um indivduo dessa espcie em
1992 visitando uma rea industrial no Plo Petroqumico de Camaari,
distante do litoral cerca de 10 km. Dados morfomtricos: peso 90 g,
comprimento total 253 mm, asa 180 mm, cauda 63 mm, bico 24 mm,
tarso 45 mm.
Pluvialis dominica (Mller, 1766).
Lesser Golder Plover
This is also a visitor from the US, similar to the previous species described
without the black strip on its axil. Its occurrence on the north coast of
Bahia is rare, having only one record of an individual in 1992 visiting the
industrial area of the Polo Petrochemical industrial plant, about 10 kms
in from the shore. Morphometric data: weight 90g, total length 253 mm,
wing 180 mm, tail 63 mm, beak 24 mm, tarsus 45 mm.
Charadrius semipalmatus (Bonaparte, 1825).
Batura-norte-americana (Semipalmated Plover)
Visitante da Amrica do Norte ocorre em todo o litoral norte, nas praias
e manguezais. Tambm pode ser observada distante do mar, nas lagoas
de gua doce. Em Mangue Seco, podemos observar os maiores bandos.
Chegam nos meados do ms de outubro e permanecem at meados de
abril, embora alguns indivduos possam permanecer ali o ano inteiro.
Na plumagem reprodutiva que podemos observar em meados do ms
de maro, quando j esto se preparando para migrar para as suas
colnias reprodutivas, os indivduos tm o colar do pescoo e o alto
da cabea tingido de preto e a base do bico tingida de amarelo. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 34/54g, comprimento total 168 mm, asa 144 mm,
cauda 55 mm, bico 12 mm, tarso 24 mm (fmea).
Charadrius semipalmatus (Bonaparte, 1825).
Semipalmated Plover
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This is another North American visitor that occurs throughout the north
coastal region on the beaches and mangroves. It can also be seen at some
distance from the sea in fresh-water lakes. The biggest groups can be
seen around Mangue Seco. They arrive in the middle of October and
stay until the middle of April though some stay for the whole year. Their
reproductive plumage, which we can observe in the month of March as they
are preparing to migrate to their reproductive colonies, the individuals
have their neck rings and top of their heads tinted black and the base of
the beak tinted yellow. Morphometric data: weight 30g, total length 168
mm, wing 144 mm, tail 55 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 24 mm (female).
Charadrius collaris (Vieillot, 1818).
Batura-de-coleira (Collared Plover)
uma espcie residente no Brasil, como a espcie a seguir. Ocorre
em todo o litoral norte, tanto nas proximidades dos manguezais e das
dunas, como tambm distantes do litoral. A postura de dois ovos em
uma cavidade na areia e os filhotes so muito mimticos neste ambiente,
pois sua plumagem toda manchada de pontos escuros, o que torna a
camuflagem perfeita. Logo depois de nascer, desaparece na areia, como
num passe de mgica. Essas aves no vivem em bandos. O mais comum
andarem aos pares. Dados morfomtricos: peso 28g, comprimento total
158 mm, asa 105 mm, cauda 49 mm, bico 15 mm, tarso 27 mm (macho).
Charadrius collaris (Vieillot, 1818)
Collared Plover
This is a resident Brazilian species, as is the next species described. It
occurs throughout the north coast region of Bahia, along the shore, in the
mangroves and at some distance from the coast as well. It lays two eggs in
a cavity within the sand and the chicks are very mimetic since its plumage
is stained with dark dots which provide a perfect camouflage. After they
hatch, as if by magic they disappear into the sand. These birds do not live
in groups but most often move about in pairs. Morphometric data: weight
28g, total length 158 mm, wing 105 mm, tail 49 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus
27 mm (male).
Charadrius wilsonia, uma nova subespcie em descrio.
Na costa do Atntico, quatro subespcies de Charadrius wilsonia so
descritas, sendo que uma delas foi descrita por Spix como pertencente
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Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae
( Wilson, 1813 ).
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( Wilson, 1813 ).
Solitary Sandpiper
These are migratory birds from North America and as the name would
indicate, are solitary. We have, however, observed groups of up to ten
individuals. They occur all throughout the north coast region, on the
beach, around rivers and marshy areas, including sewage treatment plants.
They are nervous birds, always raising and lowering their head and tail
and often bury their heads to look for food in the mud. Morphometric
data: weight 52g, total length 220 mm, wing 129 mm, tail 49 mm, beak
29 mm, tarsus 32 mm.
Tringa flavipes ( Gmelin, 1789 ).
Maarico-de-perna-amarela (Lesser yellow-leg)
Maarico migratrio da Amrica do Norte, tanto pode ocorrer no
litoral (mangezal), como nas reas alagadias. Pode ser observado junto
espcie anterior ou espcie a seguir. Difere de a espcie a seguir por
ser menor e ter o bico reto. So mais abundantes que T. melanoleuca.
Quando observamos as duas espcies juntas, d para perceber a diferena
de tamanho entre as duas espcies. Dados morfomtricos: asa 135 mm,
cauda 55 mm, cabea 62 mm, bico 35 mm, tarso 50 mm.
Tringa flavipes ( Gmelin, 1789 ).
Lesser yellow-legs
This is a migratory halcyon from North America which occurs both on
the This is a migratory halcyon from North America which occurs both
on the coast (mangrove) and wetlands. It can be seen together with the
previous species or the species that follows. It differs from the species
that follows by being small and having a straight beak. They are more
abundant than T. melanoleuca. When the two species are together, the
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on its wing that is easy to see when the bird flies. During the reproductive
phase, various black, round blotches appear on its breast and the beak is
redder. These characteristics are apparent when the bird is observed in the
middle of April. Morphometric data: weight 32/62g, total length 185mm,
wing 102 mm, tail 48 mm, beak 25 mm, tarsus 23 mm.
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (Gmelin, 1789).
Maarico-de-asa-branca (Willet, 1789).
uma espcie visitante que freqenta os manguezais de Mangue Seco.
No raro nesse habitat e vive junto com as outras espcies de maaricos.
Quando voa, podemos ver uma grande mancha branca sobre as asas
abertas e suas primrias so na cor negra. Pode ser confundido com a
espcie Tringa melanoleuca, mas tem o bico mais robusto e a colorao
das pernas azulada. Dados morfomtricos: peso 232g, comprimento
total 325 mm, asa 190 mm, cauda 76 mm, bico 61 mm, tarso 53 mm.
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (Gmelin, 1789).
Willet
This is a visiting species that frequents the mangroves of Mangue Seco. It
is not rare in this habitat and lives together with other halcyon species.
When it flies, we can observe a white stripe above its open wings, while
its primaries are black. It can be confused with the Tringa melanoleuca,
but has a more robust beak and blue coloring on its legs. Morphometric
data: weight 232g, total length 325 mm, wing 190 mm, tail 76 mm, beak
61 mm, tarsus 53 mm.
Calidris canutus rufa (Wilson, 1758).
Maarico-de-papo-vermelho (Red Knot)
Visitante da Amrica do Norte, no uma espcie comum no litoral
norte aonde chega normalmente em meados de abril vindo do sul do
continente, rumo Amrica do Norte. Nesse perodo, podemos avistar
essas aves, tanto com a plumagem de reproduo, como tambm com a
plumagem de inverno. O melhor local para observar essa espcie nos
manguezais de Mangue Seco, onde pode ser vista em pequenos grupos,
junto com outras espcies de maarico. Dados morfomtricos: peso
108g, comprimento total 250 mm, asa 161 mm, cauda 52 mm, bico 36,5
mm, tarso 34,2 mm (fmea).
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mangroves and sand banks. When it flies, a large white stripe on its back
can be seen. Morphometric data: total length 260 mm, wing 150 mm, tail
55,5mm, head 85 mm, beak 59 mm, tarsus 35 mm, weight 100g.
Gallinago paraguaiae paraguaiae (Vieillot, 1816 ).
Narceja (Paraguay Snipe)
Essa espcie ocorre nas reas alagadias de todo o litoral norte,
especialmente nos locais onde h muita vegetao. Vive escondida no
meio da vegetao e muitas vezes s levanta vo, se chegarmos bem
perto dela. A ento levanta vo assustada e pousa em um local mais
distante. A narceja tem o bico longo e o seu porte menor do que a
espcie seguinte, com quem pode ser confundida. Dados morfomtricos:
peso 98 g, comprimento total 262 mm, asa 122 mm, cauda 52 mm, bico
63 mm, tarso 32 mm.
Gallinago paraguaiae paraguaiae (Vieillot, 1816 ).
Paraguay Snipe
This species occurs in wetlands throughout the northern coastal region,
This species occurs in wetlands throughout the northern coastal region,
especially in places with lots of vegetation. It lives hidden within the
vegetation and only flies when a person is very close, when it flies off and
perches somewhere far off. The snipe has a long beak and it is smaller
than the species that follows with which it can be confused. Morphometric
data: weight 98g, total length 262 mm, wing 122 mm, tail 52 mm, beak 63
mm, tarsus 32 mm (female).
Gallinago undulata gigantea (Temminch, 1826).
Narcejo (Giant Snipe)
Essa espcie tem um grande porte, mas difcil de ser observada. Difere da
espcie anterior por no levantar vo quando um intruso penetra no seu
habitat. Vive em reas alagadias com muita vegetao. O nico registro
que possumos o de um indivduo que se chocou durante a noite contra
um prdio na cidade de Salvador. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento
total: 970 mm, asa 400 mm, bico 92 mm, tarso 40 mm (fmea).
Gallinago undulata gigantea (Temminch, 1826).
Giant Snipe
This species is large but difficult to see. It differs from the previous species
because it doesnt fly off when an intruder enters its habitat. It lives in
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flooded areas with lots of vegetation. The only record of this species
we have is of an individual who crashed against a building at night in
Salvador. Morphometric data: total length: 970 mm, wing 400 mm, beak
92 mm, tarsus 40 mm (female).
Recurvirostridae
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Recurvirostridae Family
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difficulty. They can use their long legs to help them swim. Morphometric
data: wing 210 mm, tail 70 mm, beak 61 mm, tarsus 110 mm.
STERCORARIIDAE
STERCORARIIDAE
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mm, cabea 64 mm, bico 45 mm, tarso 60 mm, dedo mdio com unha
70 e peso 800g (macho).
Catharacta maccormicki (Saunders, 1893)
South Polar Skua
Five specimens were collected on the northern coast of Bahia: two skins
were collected on the 16th of May 16, 1998 and stored in the collection
at MCNC (N 429 and N 580) and three skeletons are in the osteological
collected of MCNC (N 002, 003 and 004). The three specimens of
Catharacta recorded and stored in the RG collection and in the MCNC
collection eliminate all the doubts relative to the identification of these
species (Dante, 1985, 1987). On May 22, 2001, we collected a specimen on
the beach at Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, which was banded with a German
band. The bird had been banded while it was still in the nest in Antarktis
- Stat. Jubany (62 45 S, 58 40 W) on February 8th, 2001. The bird
had traveled a distance of 5718 km. Morphometric data: total length 510
mm, wing 370 mm, tail 147 mm, head 64 mm, beak 45 mm, tarsus 60
mm, middle toe with claw 70 and weight 800g (male).
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Gaivota-rapineira-comum (Artic Skua )
Foram coletados oito espcimes, de 1994 a 1999. Uma pele foi depositada
na coleo de Werner Bokermann e uma se encontra na coleo do
MCNC (N 581). Uma ave de colorao escura, juvenil de primeiro ano
(Olson & Larsen 1994), macho (MCNC 581) foi encontrada morta na praia
de Mangue Seco (11 23, 34 33W) no dia 11 de novembro 1989. Dados
morfomtricos: comprimento total 460 mm, asa 320 mm, cauda 195 mm,
cabea 76 mm, bico 31 mm, tarso 46 mm peso 400g; sexo: fmea.
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Arctic Skua
EEight specimens were collected between 1994 and 1999. One skin was
stored in Werner Bokermanns collection and one is in the collection at
MCNC (N 581). One male juvenile bird about a year old, (MCNC 581),
had dark coloring and was found dead (Olson & Larsen 1994) on the
beach at (11 23, 34 33W) on 11th of November 11, 1989. Morphometric
data: total length 460 mm, wing 320 mm, tail 195 mm, head, 76 mm,
beak 31 mm, tarsus 46 mm weight 400g; sex: female.
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LARIDAE
STERNIDAE
STERNIDAE
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110g, comprimento total 340 mm, asa 240 mm, cauda 150 mm,
bico 37 mm, tarso 18 mm.
Sterna hirundo hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758).
Common Tern
Among the representatives of the Sternidae family that visit the Brazilian
coast during the northern winter period, the Sterna hirundo is the most
common migrant species and has the most recorded numbers of individuals
coming from North America. (Cordeiro et al.1996, Hays et al. 1997). The
period of highest concentration of this species on the Brazilian coast
occurs between the months of October and April and sporadic occurrences
can be recorded in other months, though these are likely to be young birds
not yet able to reproduce (Sick 1997). The recovery of banded birds
provides us with much important information for the conservation of
their wintering grounds according to Sick (1979), in his exposition on the
migration of birds to South America, which was one of the first works to
focus on the migratory movements of the S. hirundo on this continent.
Lara-Resende and Leal (1982) presented data about the recovery of birds
in Brazilian territory with foreign bands between the years 1928 and
1980, which included information about the S. hirundo species. Other
publications report more specifically other encounters with this species in
Brazil (Lara-Resende 1983; Cordeiro et al. 1996). And Hays et al. (1997)
report of recoveries of the S. hirundo with American bands in Brazil (Rio
Grande do Sul) and Argentina. Lima (1996) and Hays et al. (1999) report
on the recovery of S. hirundo with American and European bands on the
north coast of Bahia, having been the first to relate the trans-Atlantic
movement (east-west) of the species. Azevedo Jnior et al. (2001) report
on a few cases of recovery on the coast of Pernambuco state. The objective
of this work is to spread information about the birds of the S. hirundo
species that were banded in North and South America and Europe and
recovered on the coast of Bahia between 1995 and 2004. This information
is fundamental for conservation plans and management of overnight
roosting locales and points where the species seeks its food generally in
North Eastern Brazil and specifically in Bahia. The data presented is a
result of the recovery of the S. hirundo coming from North America,
Europe and South America during the period between 1995 and 2004
during the inventory and banding studies of migratory and resident bird
species that use the coastal environments for feeding and roosting along
the coast of Bahia. The work started in January of 1995 on the extreme
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most northerly point of the coast of Bahia, that is at the mouth of the Rio
River at Mangue Seco (11 27 S, 37 21 W) and was expanded in 1998
all the way down the coast to the south of the state at Corumbal (Porto
Seguro) (16 45 S, 39 06 W). tThe other work locales were Cacha Prego
(Itaparica island) (13 49 S, 39 10 W), Ponta do Curral (Morro de So
Paulo Island), Baia de Camamu (Ituber) (13 07 s, 38 48 W). To map
the coast of Bahia and chose the points where the birds would be caught,
transport was carried out by schooner and single-engine plane. Up until
1998, only birds caught at Mangue Seco were banded. From then on, the
birds caught in Corumbal, Cacha Prego, Ponta do Curral and Baa de
Camamu were also banded. The capture and banding was done from
October to April each year in campaigns that lasted from three to ten
days at each point, from 16:00 to 0.05 hrs. For the capture of the birds,
mist nets were used (12 m x 2,5 m, 36 mm openings) and to mark the
birds, bands provided by Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservao
das Aves Silvestres (National Center for Research and Wild Bird
Conservation) (CEMAVE) were used. In order to estimate the number of
individuals that visited the study areas, censuses were carried out in the
first hours of the morning at sunrise and at the end of the afternoon at
sunset, times at which when the largest groups can be observed. These
observations were made with Zeiss and Bushnell 10 x 40 binoculars, and
a telescopic sight Kawa TSN2 60x. In parallel to the field work, educational
campaigns were undertaken with the local communities who lived in the
same area of the terns, and included lectures, distribution of posters and
informal conversations. From 1995 to 2004, 827 individuals of the S.
hirundo banded in North and South America and Europe were caught on
the coast of Bahia. Of this total, 727 (88 %) were from North America, 70
(8.5%) from South America and 32 (3.9%) from Europe. Of the 727 birds
of North American origin, up to this point we have managed to gather
information about 648 of them and of this total, 310 (47.83%) were
banded in New York, 234 (36.11%) in Connecticut, 13 (2%) in
Massachusetts and 91 (14.06%) in other points in North America (Figure
2). Of the 70 individuals from South America, 65 (93 %) were banded in
Brazil and only five (7%) in Argentina. Of the 32 birds from Europe, 31
(97%) were from Portugal and only one (3%) was from Spain. Of the 827
birds recovered, only two occurred more than once: 9802-48975 in
February of 1995 and 2000 in Mangue Seco, and 9822-89119 in January
and March 2002, also in Mangue Seco. The four locales of the study were
visited by other members of the Sternidae family and genus Sterna: Sterna
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in the phenomena of shore bird mortality and has never been observed
roosting with other members of this family in the sand banks of the coast
of Bahia. Morphometric data: 80g, total length 360 mm, wing 265 mm,
tail 164 mm, beak 34 mm, tarsus 12 mm.
Sterna vittata georgiae (Reichenow, 1789).
Trinta-ris-antrtico (Antartic Tern)
Uma das caractersticas dessa espcie a colorao cinza no abdome
e no peito. No entanto, essa espcie pode ser confundida tanto com a
S. hirundo, como com a S. paradisaea. Existem muitos exemplares
da primeira que possuem um tom cinza forte semelhante S. vittata,
principalmente quando esto prximos do perodo reprodutivo (meados
de maro/abril). A S. paradisaea possui colorao semelhante da
espcie S. vittata, porm um pouco menor. Mas o que a diferencia
das duas outras espcies o tarso igual ou menor do que 12 mm,
enquanto as demais possuem o tarso igual ou superior a 14 mm. Isso
bem visvel, se compararmos as duas espcies pousadas lado a lado,
quando ento podemos perceber que na S. paradisaea, o tarso quase
imperceptvel.
Sterna vittata georgiae (Reichenow, 1789).
Antarctic Tern
One of the distinguishing characteristics of this species in the gray coloring
on the abdomen and breast. However, this species can be confused with the
S. hirundo, as well as the S. paradisea. There are many examples of the
first with strong gray coloring such as that on the S. vittata, principally
when they are near to the reproductive period (middle of March/April).
The S. paradisea has a similar coloring to the S. vittata, although it is
slightly smaller. But what really distinguishes it from the other two species
is that its tarsus is 12 mm or smaller, whereas the other species have a
tarsus 14 mm or larger. This is very visible and if we compare the species
side by side when they are perched, it is easy to realize that the tarsus of
the S. paradisaea is almost imperceptible.
Sterna dougallii dougallii (Montagu, 1813).
Trinta-ris-rseo (Roseate Tern)
Sterna dougallii um dos representantes da famlia Sternidae que visita
a costa brasileira durante o inverno setentrional, sendo a Bahia o limite
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principal factors of impact that could alter the use of these migratory
stopping points of the shore and limcolas birds on the Brazilian coast
(Azevedo Jnior & Larrazabal 1997). In 1995, at the start of the survey
and monitoring of migratory birds that visited the mouth of the Rio River
in Mangue Seco (Jandara, Bahia), we found a concentration of 10,000
terns composed of nine different members of the Laridae family, among
which was the endangered Sterna dougallii. This finding represents the
largest concentration of the species in the south Atlantic (Hays et. al.
1997, 1999). The purpose of this study is to publicize information about
individuals from the S. dougallii banded in North America and Europe
and recovered along the coast of Bahia between 1995 and 2004. This
data is fundamental for conservation and management purposes for the
wintering grounds used by the species especially on the coast of Bahia.
The inventory and banding work of migratory and resident species that
use the coast of Bahia for feeding and roosting started in January 1995, on
the extreme point of the north coast of Bahia, that is at the mouth of the
River Real in Mangue Seco (11 27 S, 37 21 W), and were enlarged in
1998 to encompass the whole coast all the way south to Corumbal (Porto
Seguro) (16 45 S, 39 06W). The other study locations were: Cacha
Prego (Itaparica Island) (13 07 S, 38 48 W), Ponta do Curral (Morro
de So Paulo - Valena), The Bay of Camamu (Ituber) (13 49 S, 39 10
W). To map the coast of Bahia and chose the points to capture the birds,
for transport we used schooners and single-engine planes. Until 1998,
only birds caught in Mangue Seco were banded. After that, birds captured
in Corumbal, Cacha Prego, Ponta do Curral and the Bay Camamu started
to be banded. The capture and banding were carried out between October
and to April each year in campaigns that lasted from three to ten days at
each point, from 16:00 to 0.05 hrs. For the capture of the birds, mist nets
were used (12 m x 2.5 m, 36 mm openings) and to mark the birds, bands
provided by Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservao das Aves
Silvestres (National Center for Research and Conservation of Wild Birds)
(CEMAVE) were used. In order to estimate the number of individuals
that visited the study areas, censuses were carried out in the first hours
of the morning at sunrise and at the end of the afternoon at sunset, times
at which the largest groups can be observed. These observations were
made with Zeiss and Bushnell 10 x 40 binoculars, and a telescopic sight
Kawa TSN2 60x. In parallel to the fieldwork, educational campaigns
were undertaken with the local communities who lived in the same area
of the terns, and included lectures, distribution of posters and informal
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in Bahia between 1995 and 2004, during which there were 268 recoveries
of S. dougallii from reproductive colonies in North America and Europe
show the importance of the northeastern Brazilian coast as a migration
route for representatives of the Laridae family. A comparison between the
data about recoveries made between 1927 and 1979 presented by Nisbet
(1984) and the data published here shows that the 10 years of studies
in Bahia were responsible in making the coast of Bahia as a principal
site outside of North America for the recovery of Sterna dougallii, with
more recoveries than Central America and South America. Comparing
the recoveries in Bahia (268) with those of Guiana (247) (Nisbet, 1984)
which was the country outside North America with the biggest number
of recoveries, we have 7.83% more recoveries on the coast of Bahia. If
we compare the data from Latin American countries with the highest
recuperation numbers, Bahia accounts for 45.9% (268) of this total (584).
The number of recoveries on the coast of Bahia, contrary to Hamiltons
(1981) assumption, the presence of the Sterna dougallii on the Brazilian is
as frequent as the occurrences of S. hirundo, at least down to the southern
coast of Bahia. The two individuals of S. dougallii banded in Bahia and
recovered in the Azores (Portugal) and a bird banded in England and
recovered on the coast of Bahia recorded, for the first time, the east/west
movement of the species as was already indicated by the species S. hirundo
(Hays et al. 1999, Azevedo-Jnior et al., 2001). Additionally, it indicates
that populations from different continents are overlapping on a spatial
and temporal scale, and using for resources, feeding sources, roosting and
resting the Brazilian coast during the northern winter. Benck & Maurcio
(2002) report that the places with populations of around 10,000 birds are
conservation areas of global important. Mangue Seco and Cacha Prego
host populations estimated at around 10,000 birds and together with the
birds at Corumbal, Ponta do Curral the Bay of Camamu, according to the
recovery data presented, figure as important migration locations for the
species S. dougallii, and other representatives of the Laridae along the
Brazilian coast. Management of these areas is a conservation priority.
These measures should consist of joint action between authorities,
national and international NGOs, researchers and the local communities.
Morphometric data: weight 100g, total length 340 mm, wing 225 mm, tail
155 mm, beak 38 mm, tarsus 18 mm. (female).
Sterna fuscata fuscata (Linnaeus, 1766).
Trinta-ris-das-rocas (Sooty Tern)
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Bahia. Dados morfomtricos: peso 90g, comprimento total 357 mm, asa
245 mm, cauda 115 mm, bico 43 mm, tarso 28 mm.
Anous stolidus stolidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Brown Noddy
Twelve specimens were collected between 1994 and 1999 on the north
coast of Bahia; three are stored in the RG: RG 9528 collection which were
found in Salvador on February 18th, 1994. RG 9544 was collected on the
north coast of the state on the 10th of October, 1995 and RG 9899 was
collected in Salvador on the 24th of May 24, 1998. Five specimens are in
the MCNC collection, three of which were found with bands. As happens
with the S. paradisaea and S.fuscata, these birds do not mix with other
representatives of the family on the sand banks along the coast of Bahia.
Morphometric data: weight 90g, total length 357 mm, wing 245 mm, tail
115 mm, beak 43 mm, tarsus 28 mm.
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Columbiformes
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Columbidae Family
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This is a large species common is the regions of caatinga (dry shrub forest)
and the western savanna region of the state and has become a pest because
of the abundance of food sources in the form of soy. On the north coast
of Bahia, this species occurs as a species introduced by environmental
organs. Currently, the population is still small. Weight 320g.
Columba cayennensis (Bonnaterre, 1792).
Pomba-galega (Pale-vented Pigeon)
a pomba de grande porte mais abundante no litoral norte, ocorrendo
em quase todos os ecossistemas: cerrado, restinga e borda das florestas.
O seu ninho em forma de tigela muito desajeitada, que pode ser
construdo no meio de ramagens secas, em rvores e arbustos. Pode ser
vista em grandes grupos ou em casais. Gostam do fruto de jurubeba,
sendo um dos dispersores dessa espcie. O ninho confeccionado de
gravetos e a postura consta de um nico ovo de cor branca, que pesa
11.2g e mede 40 mm x 37 mm. O filhote nasce coberto por uma penugem
amarela. Dados morfomtricos: peso 210g, comprimento total 230 mm,
asa 180 mm, cauda 100 mm, bico 18 mm, tarso 36 mm.
Columba cayennensis (Bonnaterre, 1792)
Pale-vented Pigeon
This is a large bird and abundant in the north coast region of Bahia, and it
also occurs in almost all the states ecosystems: savanna, dry forest, sandy
coastal forests and at forest edges. Its nest is bowl-shaped and clumsily
constructed and can be built in dry branches, trees or bushes. It can be
seen in pairs or in large groups. It likes the jurubeba fruits and is one of
the fruits dispersers. The nest is made of twigs and it lays a single white
egg that weighs 11.2g and measures 40mm x 37mm. The chick hatches
covered with a yellow plumage. Morphometric data: weight 210g, total
length 230 mm, wing 180 mm, tail 100 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 36 mm.
Columbina passerina griseola ( Spix, 1758 ).
Rolinha-cinzenta (Ground-Dove)
uma espcie de pomba pequena que ocorre em todo o litoral norte,
em rea abertas no cerrado e na restinga. Tem a cabea e o pescoo
cobertos de escamas cintilantes, vive no solo em busca de alimento e onde
tambm se reproduz. O seu ninho confeccionado com palhas no solo
e num local sombreado (moitas de gramneas ou pequenos arbustos). A
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the neck is bright blue and the feet very red. It lives in the interior of the
forests in shady areas. Morphometric data: weight 140g, total length 274
mm, wing 140 mm, tail 90 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus 15 mm.
Geotrygon montana montana ( Linn, 1758 ).
Pariri (Ruddy Quail-Dove)
Espcie terrcola, muitas vezes passa despercebida quando se desloca
atravs da floresta; tem dimorfismo sexual acentuado, sendo o macho
de cor mais intensa e a fmea na cor pardo-olivcea. Apesar dos relatos
dessa espcie que afirmam ser de hbito terrcola, j capturamos essa
espcie por duas vezes nas rvores de uma floresta, alimentando-se junto
a um bando de Columba speciosa. Ambas as espcies foram capturadas
com redes de neblina. Dados morfomtricos: peso 160g, comprimento
total 230 mm, asa 143 mm, cauda 79 mm, bico 13 mm, tarso 33 mm.
Geotrygon montana montana ( Linn, 1758 ).
Ruddy Quail-Dove
This is a terricolous species which often goes unnoticed when it moves
within the forest: it has accentuated dimorphism whereby the male has
more intense coloring and the female has olivaceous brown coloring.
Despite the many reports about the species that affirm it to be a ground
bird, we have twice caught this species in the trees of a forest when it was
feeding with a group of Columba species. Both species were captured in
mist nets. Morphometric data: weight 160g, total length 230 mm, wing
143 mm, tail 79 mm, beak 13 mm, tarsus 33 mm.
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Psittacidae Family
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trees in which to reproduce. It lays two to four eggs that are pure white.
We can observe groups of up to 30 individuals flying from one side of the
road to the other.
Morphometric data: weight 100g, total length 275
mm, wing 159 mm, tail 130 mm, beak 22 mm, tarsus 12 mm.
Aratinga jandaya (Gmelin, 1788).
Aratinga-verdadeiro (Jandaya Parakeet)
uma espcie que ocorre no sudeste da Bahia, na fronteira com o sul
do Piau. Foi observada em Salvador, reproduzindo-se num oco de
coqueiro no Zoolgico de Salvador e tanto pode ter sido introduzida
pelos rgos ambientais do estado, como pode ter sido oriunda da fuga
do prprio zoolgico. Dados morfomtricos: peso 90g, comprimento
total 260 mm, asa 140 mm, cauda 142 mm, bico 22 mm, tarso 10 mm.
Aratinga jandaya (Gmelin, 1788).
Jandaya Parakeet
This species occurs in northwest of the state on the border with Piau state.
However, it was observed in Salvador, nesting in the hollow of a coconut tree
in the citys zoo. This could have been a result of being introduced by the state
environmental authorities or it could have been a result of some birds that
escaped from the zoo itself. Morphometric data: weight 90g, total length 260
mm, wing 140 mm, tail 142 mm, beak 22 mm, tarsus 10 mm.
Aratinga aurea aurea ( Gmelin, 1789 ).
Aratinga-estrela (Peach-fronted Parakeet)
o periquito mais comum e abundante no litoral norte e ocorre em quase
todos os ecossistemas, inclusive no manguezal. Tem caractersticas bem
marcantes, tais como a testa e a regio perioftlmica na cor amarela,
tendendo para o laranja. Reproduzem-se em cupinzeiros onde escavam
uma entrada suficiente para entrar e uma grande cavidade interna, onde
pe os ovos. Ninhos abandonados de A. aurea podem ser aproveitados
pelas espcies F. sparverius e Otus choliba. A postura de 3 a 5 ovos,
de cor branca. Durante o perodo reprodutivo, observamos que andam
aos pares (casais) e aps esse perodo, podemos observar bandos
numerosos com mais de 300 indivduos. Costumam se aglomerar
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Cuculiformes
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Cuculidae Family
Piaya cayana pallescens (Cabanis & Heine, 1862).
Squirrel Cuckoo
They live alone or in pairs distributed throughout the various ecosystems
of the northern coastal region, such as savanna, coastal sand forests and
Atlantic Rainforest. It has a very long tail which is evident when the bird is
moving around an open area. They often jump around on tree branches and
sometimes, because of their long tails, they can be confused with a squirrel or
marmoset. Its nest is assembled with dry leaves. We found a nest constructed
at the top of a tree more than 10 meters off the ground and another at an
altitude of 1.5 mm. It lays one to two white eggs which weigh an average of
9.7g and measure 32 mm x 24 mm. When the chick hatches, the interior of its
beak is intensely red and already has the three white swathes characteristic
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of this family. Morphometric data: Weight 92g, total length 432 mm, wing
196 mm, tail 274 mm, beak 32 mm, tarsus 38 mm (male).
Crotophaga ani (Linn, 1758).
Anu-preto (Smooth-billed Ani)
O anu-preto uma ave bastante conhecida na comunidade e distribuise nas reas abertas e com pouca vegetao em todo o litoral norte. Vive
em bando e ns j tivemos ocasio de contar at 16 indivduos em um
nico bando. Alimenta-se de insetos, lagartixas e pequenos animais e
tal como a gara-vaqueira, costuma acompanhar o gado para apanhar
o alimento, quando o gado est pastando. Constri o seu ninho com
gravetos e embrenhado no meio da vegetao. Ns j encontramos
ninhos a uma altura de um metro do solo. Os ovos so esverdeados,
pesam em mdia 12g e medem 33 mm x 26 mm. J encontramos uma
postura com 40 ovos empilhados. Tambm observamos um indivduo
vivendo sozinho por mais de um ano no Raso da Catarina, ptria da
Anodorhynchus leari. Esse indivduo que foi anilhado vivia perto de
uma fonte dgua e quando a fonte secou, ele vinha visitar o nosso
acampamento em busca de gua. Dados morfomtricos: peso 70g,
comprimento total 346 mm, asa 147 mm, cauda 162 mm, bico 28 mm,
tarso 30 mm (fmea).
Crotophaga ani (Linn, 1758).
Smooth-billed Ani
The smooth-billed ani is a well-known bird in the local community and
lives in open areas or where vegetation is low in the north coast region. It
lives in flocks and we have counted up to 16 individuals in one flock. This
ani feeds on insects, lizards and small animals. In the same manner as
the cattle egret, the bird can be seen alongside grazing cattle foraging for
food. Its nest is made of twigs and hidden within the vegetation. We have
found nests at a height of around one and a half meters off the ground and
their greenish eggs weigh 12g and measure 33 mm x 26 mm. We have also
found nests with 40 eggs piled up against each other. We also came across
an individual that lived alone for over a year in the Raso da Catarina, the
home range of the Lears Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari). This individual,
which was banded, lived near a source of water and when that dried up,
he showed up at our camp looking for supplemental water. Morphometric
data: weight 70g, total length 346 mm, wing 147 mm, tail 162 mm, beak
28 mm, tarsus 30 mm (female).
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food. The competition between the chicks increases every day and the one
who has more success in grabbing the food obviously has an advantage
and develops more rapidly. From the tenth day and until they fledge, the
more developed chicks use a more elaborate strategy to obtain food: they
position themselves on branches above the nest and intercept food from
the parents before they get to the nest. The smaller less developed chicks
use a different strategy, that of waiting inside the nest in the hope that
theyll receive food from one member of the group. This was a highly
flawed strategy as we observed that the parent birds delivered food 10
times to the chicks that were outside the nest and only once to the two
chicks that stayed in the nest. Even then, this food was stolen by other
larger group members. Out of a total of six chicks, one who was unable to
compete for food died after the eighth day, three developed well and two
were in very bad state. Morphometric data: weight 150g, total length 392
mm, wing 168 mm, tail 220 mm, beak 27 mm, tarsus 37 mm (female).
Tapera naevia chochi (Vieillot, 1817 ).
Saci (Stripe Cukoo)
O saci uma ave fantasma porque dificilmente vista. Ouvimos o
seu canto distante e quando vamos nos aproximando, esse pssaro
vai se distanciando, embora continue a vocalizar. Costuma cantar ao
amanhecer e tambm durante a noite. Certa vez, encontramos um
indivduo que cantava durante todo o dia num determinado local.
Gravamos os sons dessa ave e repetimos depois esses sons no gravador.
Quando ligvamos o gravador, a ave respondia e voava em direo
fonte de som. Assim, conseguimos atra-la para campo aberto. Essas
aves so parasitas e colocam os seus ovos nos ninhos de outras aves.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 49 g, comprimento total 287 mm, asa 114
mm, cauda 168 mm, bico 18 mm, tarso 32 mm.
Tapera naevia chochi ( Viellot, 1817 ).
Striped Cukoo
The stripe cuckoo is known as a ghost bird based on the difficulty to
spot it. When its call is heard and a person approaches, it moves away
but continues to call. It usually calls at dawn and during the night. On
one occasion, we found an individual that called throughout the day in
a certain area. We taped the call and played it back; the bird responded
and flew in the direction of the taped call. This was the only way we
could attract it to an open area. These are parasitic birds and they use
other species nests to lay their eggs. Morphometric data: weight 49g, total
length 287 mm, wing 114 mm, tail 168 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 32 mm.
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Strigiformes
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Tytonidae Family
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owls are associated with bad luck which leads to people killing adult s
birds and chicks when they come across them. These owls usually hunt in
barren land or at the opening of sewage ducts in beaches etc.. There are
two types of plumages: one that is all yellow and the other yellow but with
a white breast. This is not related to sexual dimorphism. Morphometric
data: total length 330 mm, wing 297 mm, tail 129 mm, head 78 mm, beak
22 mm, tarsus 78 mm and weight 390g.
Strigidae
Strigidae Family
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This is a very common species of owl and occurs throughout the north
coast region and in Salvador itself (on the dunes at STIEP, 1988). It also
occurs in the savanna and sandy coastal forests ecosystems where they
burrow big dens below the sand and where they reproduce. During the
reproductive period, we often find beetle skeletons at the entrance of
the den. It is active both at night and during the day. At dusk, we have
observed the bird perched on fence posts and electric posts in a hunting
stance. Morphometric data: weight 152g, wing 170 mm, tail 80 mm, beak
17 mm, tarsus 47 mm (male).
Rhinoptynx clamator clamator (Vieillot, 1807 ).
Coruja-orelhuda (Striped Owl)
uma coruja que se destaca pelas suas grandes orelhas, que na realidade
so tufos de penas. Habita o cerrado, a restinga e a borda das matas.
Alimenta-se de roedores, morcegos e j a observamos num poleiro
perto de uma lagoa em busca de alguma presa. Esse local tambm
freqentado pela T. alba. O ninho no solo, onde j encontramos, por
duas vezes, dois filhotes. Dados morfomtricos: peso 530 comprimento
total 380 mm, asa 275 mm, cauda 138 mm, bico 39 mm, tarso 52 mm.
Rhinoptynx clamator clamator (Vieillot, 1807 ).
Striped Owl
This owl species is distinguishable by its large ears which in reality are
tufts of feathers. It lives in the savanna, the sandy coastal forests and at
forest edges. It feeds on rodents, bats and we have even seen it perched
next to a lagoon in search of food. This place is also frequented by the T.
alba. The nest is on the ground where we have twice found two chicks.
Morphometric data: total length 530 mm, wing 275 mm, tail 138 mm,
beak 39 mm, tarsus 52 mm.
Aegolius harrisii (Cassin, 1849).
Cabur-acanelado (Buff-fronted Owl)
uma coruja pouco conhecida. O primeiro registro da espcie para a
Bahia ocorreu em 1992, quando encontramos seu ninho num oco de
rvore na regio do cerrado em Camaari. No ninho, havia um filhote
que foi anilhado, alm de vrios crnios de morcego. uma espcie
rara, da qual a nica observao que possumos o registro de 1992.
J se passaram 13 anos e nunca mais encontramos outro ninho, apesar
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Caprimulgiformes
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Nyctibiidae Family
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mouth. The male is much bigger and heavier than the female and is normally seen perched in
an erect stance on fence posts or on branches in dry trees. The bird is difficult to spot due to its
incredible camouflage that makes it blend into the tree perfectly. It lays a solitary white egg in
hollow cavities at the end of branches or posts. The chicks plumage at birth is white but as time
passes it becomes a light gray tone with wisps of white. From the time they hatch until they abandon
the nest, the chicks are capable of clinging onto the branch on which they are born. The parents
cover the chicks with their own bodies to protect them from the sun, rain or potential predators.
Morphometric data: weight 178g, total length 340 mm, wing 260 mm, tail 180 mm, beak 18 mm,
tarsus 11 mm (female), weight 178g, total length 360 mm, wing 261 mm, tail 188 mm, beak 22 mm,
tarsus 12 mm (male).
Nyctibius leucopterus (Wied, 1821)
Urutau-de-asa-branca (White-winged Potoo)
O registro dessa espcie para o litoral norte de um exemplar que foi atropelado e veio a bito
no municpio de Mata de So Joo (Saupe). Essa ave encontra-se na coleo de Rolf Grantsau.
Esse registro precisa ser confirmado, pois as medidas condizem com a espcie, no entanto, sua
colorao mais clara e talvez se trate de um indivduo jovem. Visitando o tipo no Museu de
Histria Natural de Nova York e outros exemplares na Filadlfia, pudemos constatar que o nosso
espcime realmente diferente. Dados morfomtricos: peso 75 g, comprimento total 307 mm,
asa 240 mm, cauda 172 mm, bico 21 mm, tarso 11 mm.
Nyctibius leucopterus (Wied, 1821)
White-winged Potoo
The only record for this species is of an individual that was run-over in the municipality of Mata
de So Joo (Saupe). This bird is in Rolf Grantsaus collection. This record has to be confirmed
because though its dimensions match the species, the coloring is clearer than normally and it might
be a juvenile individual. From visits to the New York Museum of Natural History and examining
other examples in Philadelphia, we can see our specimen is really different. Morphometric data:
weight 75g, total length 307 mm, wing 240 mm, tail 172 mm, beak 21 mm, tarsus 11 mm.
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Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgidae Family
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rarely fall into the net. Morphometric data: weight 52g, total length 263
mm, wing 175 mm, tail 122 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus 20 mm.
Caprimulgus parvulus parvulus ( Gould, 1837 ).
Bacurau-pequeno (Little Nightjar)
Essa espcie foi acrescentada lista das aves do litoral norte h pouco
tempo (2003) e nunca foi capturada por rede nas nossas campanhas de
anilhamento. Em menos de uma semana, recebemos trs exemplares
dessa espcie, vindos de locais diferentes: um foi capturado em Saupe,
um em Camaari e o outro em Salvador. Costuma pousar em galhos
ao anoitecer, e da se desloca em busca de alimento (insetos). Dados
morfomtricos: peso 40g, comprimento total 219 mm, asa 150 mm,
cauda 98 mm, bico 14 mm, tarso 13 mm.
Caprimulgus parvulus parvulus ( Gould, 1837 ).
Little Nightjar
This species was added to the bird list for the north coastal area a short
time ago (2003) and has never been caught in the mist nets used in our
banding campaigns. In less than three weeks, we received three specimens
of this species all coming from different places: one was captured in
Sauipe, one in Camaari and the other in Salvador. They usually land
on branches at nightfall and from there move around looking for food
(insects). Morphometric data: weight 40g, total length 219 mm, wing 150
mm, tail 98 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus 13 mm.
Hydropsalis torquata torquata (Gmelin, 1798 ).
Bacurau-tesoura (Long-traiden Nightjar)
Semelhante espcie N. albicllis, uma espcie bastante comum,
ocorrendo inclusive dentro da cidade de Salvador. O macho tem a
cauda bastante longa e bifurcada, caractersticas marcantes para sua
identificao. A fmea e os jovens possuem cauda curta e bifurcada.
Durante o dia vivem escondidos no meio da vegetao, em locais
sombreados. Dados morfomtricos: peso 45g, comprimento total 2500
mm; asa 150 mm, cauda 125 mm, bico 11 mm, tarso 18 mm, cabea 42
mm (fmea).
Hydropsalis torquata torquata
Long-traiden Nightjar
(Gmelin, 1798 ).
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Apodiformes
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Apodidae Family
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Trochilidae
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Trochilidae Family
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day of life, like other hummingbird species, the chicks cling to the inside of
the nest if we try and remove them. They abandon the nest after 20 days.
Morphometric data: weight 12g, total length 178 mm, wing 600, tail 76
mm, beak 33 mm.
Phaethornis ruber ruber ( Linn, 1758 ).
Besourinho-da-mata (Reddish Hermit)
o menor beija-flor do litoral norte e do Brasil. O macho tem um colar
negro no peito e a mandbula amarela. Vive no interior ou na borda
das matas e pode tambm visitar os jardins na borda das florestas. J
observamos um ninho pendurado debaixo de uma folha de heliconia.
Os filhotes, quando j esto emplumados, dificilmente so vistos no
interior do ninho e sua colorao se confunde com a colorao do ninho.
So aves destemidas que chegam bem perto das pessoas, principalmente
quando nos aproximamos do ninho. Costumam ter um poleiro no interior
da mata, onde costumam cantar. Essa espcie tambm foi observada
na regio de cerrado em Camaari. Dados morfomtricos: peso 1.9g,
comprimento total 102 mm, asa 35 mm, cauda 30 mm, bico 22 mm.
Phaethornis ruber ruber
Reddish Hermit
( Linn, 1758 ).
This is the smallest hummingbird in the north coast region and in Brazil.
The male has a black breast and yellow mandible. It lives in the interior of
forests or their edge and can visit domestic gardens located near forested
areas. We have seen a nest hung below the leaf a heliconia flower. The
chicks when they are feathered are almost invisible inside of the nest
because their color is exactly the same as that of the nest. These are
fearless birds that get very close to people, especially when they approach
a nest. It usually has a perch spot in the middle of the forest from where
it calls. Morphometric data: weight 1.9g, total length 102 mm, wing 35
mm, tail 30 mm, beak 22 mm.
Eupetomena macroura simoni (Hellmayr, 1929)
Beija-flor-tesoura (Swallow-tailed Hummingbird)
o maior e mais conhecido dos beija-flores. Ocorre no cerrado, na
restinga e na borda das matas. Sua plumagem azul metlica e a cauda
bifurcada. um beija-flor bastante agressivo, que ataca qualquer outro
beija-flor que tenta invadir seu territrio. O ninho, que tem a forma de
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body and is dark on the center of its body. Morphometric data: weight 7g,
total length 118 mm, wing 64 mm, tail 38 mm, beak 22 mm.
Chrysolampis mosquitus (Linn, 1758).
Beija-flor-vemelho (Ruby-topaza Hummingbird)
um dos beija-flores cujo macho um dos pssaros mais cintilantes. No
entanto, a depender da incidncia de luz, pode ser visto como se fosse
preto de cauda cintilante. A fmea possui o dorso verde e o mento, peito
e barriga brancos. Ocorre no litoral norte no cerrado e na restinga.
uma espcie de hbito migratrio, que sempre aparece no perodo da
florao do ing, quando ento podemos observar vrios exemplares
freqentando a inflorescncia dessa rvore. O ninho semelhante ao
de um E. macroura, no entanto menor. Certa ocasio, Rolf Grantsau
estava fotografando essa espcie que visitava a inflorescncia da
Lantana camera, quando um exemplar macho adulto se bateu com a
porta do nosso carro e veio a bito. Isso porque essas aves so muito
brigonas e uma est sempre afugentando a outra para longe das flores,
em perseguies de alta velocidade. Na restinga de Arembepe, surgem
em meados do ms de janeiro no perodo da florao da leguminosa
Stryphnodendron pulcherri, e permanecem cerca de duas semanas at
a inflorescncia dessa planta comear a diminuir e surgir os primeiros
frutos. Dados morfomtricos: peso 3.9g, comprimento total 93 mm, asa
52 mm, cauda 27 mm, bico 16 mm (fmea), peso 3.5g, comprimento
total 92, asa 57 mm, cauda 34 mm, bico 16 mm (macho).
Chrysolampis mosquitus (Linn, 1758).
Ruby-topaz Hummingbird
It is one of those hummingbirds where the male is much more dazzling.
Depending on the intensity of light, the bird appears black with a
sparkling tail. The female has a green back and a white chin, breast and
abdomen. It occurs in the north coastal region in savannas and sandy
coastal forests. It is a migratory bird, and in the sandy coastal forests
always appears when the ing tree is in flower when several specimens
frequent the tree. Though smaller, the nest is similar to that of the swallowtailed hummingbird (E. macroura). On one occasion, Rolf Grantsau was
photographing this species which was feeding on a flowering Lantana
camera, when a adult male specimen had a fatal collision with a car
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door. This is likely a result of the combative nature of the birds, which
fight one another for access to flowers, and one is always chasing another
possible competitor, at high speed. This obviously exposes them to lots of
dangerous situations. In Arembepe, they appear in mid-January during
the flowering of the Stryphnodendron pulcherri tree and stay for around
two weeks until the inflorence tapers off and the first fruits appear.
Morphometric data: weight 3.9g, total length 93 mm, wing 52 mm, tail
27 mm, beak 16 mm (female), weight 3.5g, total length 92, wing 57 mm,
tail 34 mm, beak 16 mm (male).
Chlorestes notatus notatus (C. Reichenbach, 1795)
Beija-flor-de-garganta-azul (Blue-Chinned Saphire)
O macho verde cintilante de mento azul e a fmea tem a parte inferior
branca manchada de verde. Habita as matas preservadas do Litoral
norte. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 88 mm, asa 49 mm,
cauda 26 mm, bico 16 mm.
Chlorestes notatus notatus (C. Reichenbach, 1795)
Blue-Chinned Saphire
The male has a scintillating blue chin and the female has her under parts
white, streaked with green. It lives in the preserved forests of north coastal
region of Bahia. Morphometric data: total length 88 mm, wing 49 mm,
tail 26 mm, beak 16 mm.
Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)
Besourinho-de-bico-vermelho (Glittering-billied Emerald)
um dos beija-flores mais comuns do litoral norte, ocorrendo no
cerrado e na restinga e eventualmente em jardins. Costuma visitar
flores bem pequenas. O macho de cor verde brilhante, a base do bico
vermelha e tem o crisso branco. A fmea tem o dorso verde e o mento,
a barriga e o ventre na cor branca suja. Na caatinga, costuma construir
o seu ninho em ps de cansano, local esse bastante protegido de
predadores. Na restinga, pode fazer o ninho em diversos tipos de
plantas, a menos de 2 metros do solo. J encontramos um ninho com
4 ovos; o beija-flor reutilizou o ninho e fez uma nova postura sobre
outros dois ovos que no eclodiram. Dados morfomtricos: peso 3.1
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Essa espcie ocorre nas matas do litoral norte. O macho tem a plumagem
na cor azul-violeta, o bico vermelho com a ponta negra e a fmea tem
o dorso esverdeado e a parte inferior em branco sujo, alm de uma
mancha branca no superclio. Dados morfomtricos: peso 3g, asa 45
mm, cauda 25 mm, bico 16 mm.
Hylocharis cyanus cyanus (Vieillot, 1818)
White-chinned Sapphire
This species occurs in the forests of the north coast. The males plumage
is violet-blue, its beak red with a black point and the females back is
greenish and the underbelly dirty white, and it has a white streak on its
superciliary stripe. Morphometric data: weight 3g, wing 45 mm, tail 25
mm, beak 16 mm.
Heliothrix aurita auriculata (Nordmann, 1835).
Beija-flor-de-bochecha-azul (Black-eared Fairy)
um beija-flor grande, com as penas externas da cauda na cor branca e
na regio central na cor negra. O macho tem uma mancha azul, prxima
ao ouvido. No uma espcie comum, sendo vista uma nica vez
visitando uma rea de cerrado na Cetrel, que uma espcie de floresta.
Pode freqentar jardins na borda das florestas. Dados morfomtricos:
peso 6g, comprimento total 115 mm, asa 68 mm, cauda 38 mm, bico 17 mm.
Helioathrix aurita auriculata (Nordmann, 1835).
Black-eared Fairy
This is a large hummingbird with white external tail feathers and a black
central region. The male has a blue streak next to its ear. This is not a
common species having been seen only once in a patch of savanna habitat
in CETREL although it is a forest bird that can visit gardens close to
forest edges. Morphometric data: weight 6g, total length 115 mm, wing
68 mm, tail 38 mm, beak 17 mm.
Polytmus guaianumbi thaumantias (Pallas, 1764).
Beija-flor-dourado-de-bico-curvo (White-tailed Goldenthroat)
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( Vieillot, 1818 ).
( Vieillot, 1818 ).
Versicolored Emerald
It is a species that occurs in the open areas around sandy, coastal forests.
It has a white stripe on its stomach that gets wider on its abdomen. Its
lower beak is the color of meat with a black point. It has a green streak
at the base of the throat. Morphometric data: wing 48 mm, tail 27 mm,
beak 18 mm.
Amazilia leucogaster bahiae (Hartert, 1899).
Beija-flor-de-barriga-branca (Plain-billed Emerald)
Essa subespcie ocorre em todo o litoral da Bahia. No litoral norte pode
ser observada, sempre prxima costa, de Salvador at Mangue Seco.
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Trogoniformes
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Trogonidae Family
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Coraciiformes
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Alcedinidae Family
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( Latham,1790 )
It is bigger than the green king fisher and the males breast is rust-colored.
It occurs in environments similar to the ringed king fisher although it can
be seen by rivers within forests. Morphometric data: total length 290 mm,
wing 131, tail 70 mm, beak 63 mm, tarsus 10 mm.
Chloroceryle americana americana ( Gmelin, 1788 ).
Martim-pescador-pequeno (Green Kingfisher)
Muito parecida com a anterior, essa espcie menor e freqentemente
encontradas no interior das grandes florestas, densas e sombreadas.
Habita os crregos e pequenos rios no interior das florestas. Tambm
observada em manguezais e nas margens dos grandes rios. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 26g, comprimento total 198 mm, asa 78 mm,
cauda 55 mm, bico 35 mm.
Chloroceryle americana americana ( Gmelin, 1788 ).
Green Kingfisher
Very similar in appearance to the Amazon king fisher, this species is
smaller and is frequently found within dense and shady forests. It lives
by creeks and small streams in the forests but has also been seen in the
mangroves and at the banks of large rivers. Morphometric data: weight
26g, total length 198 mm, wing 78 mm, tail 55 mm, beak 35 mm.
Chloroceryle aenea aenea ( Pallas, 1764 ).
Arirambinha (Green Kingfisher)
o nosso menor Martim-pescador, difcil de ser visto, que vive em reas
alagadias onde a vegetao densa. A fmea possui uma cinta branca
no peito. J observamos essa espcie freqentando uma rea de mangue,
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( Pallas, 1764 ).
It is our smallest king fisher and it difficult to see. It lives in flooded areas
where the vegetation is dense. The female has a white belt around its
breast. We have observed this species in an area of mangrove, where it fed
on fish stuck in the holes within reefs.
Piciformes
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Galbulidae Family
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Bucconidae
Bucconidae Family
Bucco maculatus maculatus
Spot-backed Puffbird
( Gmelin, 1788 ).
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Ramphastidae
Ramphastidae Family
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Picidae
Picidae Family
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ground and often digs for ants. It can live in small groups which can be
made up of members of the same family. They reproduce in tree cavities
and termite mounds. It lays two to four pure white eggs. Through the use
of colored bands, we have observed that chicks from one brood help to look
after the chicks of the next brood. Morphometric data: weight 125g, total
length 290 mm, wing 155, tail 113 mm, beak 32 mm, tarsus 30 mm.
Colaptes melanochloros nattereri (Malherbe, 1848).
Pica-pau-verde-barrado (Green-barred Woodpecker)
Ocorre em todo o litoral norte, de Salvador at Mangue Seco e habita
reas abertas, borda das matas, cerrado ou restingas. O macho possui
uma mancha vermelha na maxila. Reproduz-se em ocos de rvores,
que ele mesmo perfura. Tambm se utiliza de ninhos artificiais. Ocorre
junto espcie anterior e pode ser comumente observado nas copas dos
coqueiros buscando alimento ou no solo. Temos observado a postura de
trs ovos de cor branca pura pesando em mdia 6.1g e medindo 29 mm
x 20 mm. Dados morfomtricos: peso 73g, comprimento total 270 mm,
asa 122 mm, cauda 95 mm, bico 23 mm, tarso 24 mm.
Colaptes melanochloros nattereri (Malherbe, 1848).
Green-barred Woodpecker
It occurs all throughout the north coast region from Salvador to Mangue
Seco in open areas, savannas, sandy coastal forests and on forest edges.
The male has a red stripe on its mandible. It reproduces in hollow tree
cavities that the bird itself digs, but will also use artificial nests. They are
commonly seen in the tops of coconut trees or on the ground looking for
food. We have seen three white eggs laid which weighed an average of 6.1g
and measured 29 mm x 20 mm. Morphometric data: weight 73g, total
length 270 mm, wing 122 mm, tail 95 mm, beak 23 mm, tarsus 24 mm.
Picumnus cirratus cirratus (Temminck, 1825)
Picapau-ano-barrado (White-barred Piculet)
Essa espcie foi descrita pela primeira vez para o estado da Bahia na
regio da Chapada Diamantina. muito parecida com a espcie a seguir,
diferindo por possuir manchas negras transversais no peito e abdome
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Subordem Suboscines
Suboscines Suborder
Rhinocryptidae
Rhinocryptidae Family
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Passeriformes
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Formicariidae Family
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18g, total length 158 mm, wing 65 mm, tail 61 mm, beak 16 mm, tarsus
16 mm (male), weight 16g, total length 158 mm, wing 66 mm, tail 63 mm,
beak 16 mm, tarsus 17 mm (female).
Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa(Pelzeln, 1868).
Choquinha-de-flanco-branco (White-Flanked Antwren)
Uma das caractersticas dessa espcie que o macho possui um tufo
de penas brancas no flanco. Ocorre nas matas altas distribudas pelo
litoral norte. Explora o extrato mdio da floresta e tambm ocorre ao
nvel do solo. Dados morfomtricos: peso 6g, comprimento total 120
mm, asa 52 mm, cauda 38 mm, bico 14 mm, tarso 16 mm (macho).
Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa (Pelzeln, 1868).
White-Flanked Antwren
One of the distinguishing characteristics of this species is that the male
has a white tuft of feathers on its side. It occurs in forests distributed
along the north coast region. It exploits the middle of the forest but can
also feed on the ground. Morphometric data: weight 6g, total length 120
mm, wing 52 mm, tail 38 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus 16 mm (male).
Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus scapularis (Wied, 1831).
Chorozinho-de-asa-vermelha (Rufous-wiged Antwren)
Ocorre na Mata Atlntica do litoral norte em capes de mata e na
copa das florestas. bem caracterstico, porque possui a asa na cor
castanha e o ventre amarelado e uma grande faixa superciliar. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 11 g, comprimento total 124 mm, asa 52 mm,
cauda 47 mm, bico 14 mm, tarso 17 mm.
Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus scapularis (Wied, 1831)
Rufous-winged Antwren
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest of the northern coastal region
in tree coppices and forest canopies. It is very distinctive because of its
chestnut colored wings and a yellow abdomen with a large superciliary
stripe. Morphometric data: weight 11g, total length 124 mm, wing 52
mm, tail 47 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus 17 mm.
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B Reserve at Entre Rios. The male is all black with white scales and the
female is brown with yellow scales. It is seen close to the ground and can
look for food on the ground. Morphometric data: weight 10g, total length
130 mm, wing 55 mm, tail 54 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus19 mm (female).
Pyriglena atra (Swainson, 1825).
Olho-de-fogo-rendado (Backed Fire-eye)
Dentre as espcies consideradas como globalmente ameaadas de
extino, encontra-se a Pyriglena atra, espcie que at bem pouco tempo
era considerada restrita s matas do Recncavo baiano, em pequenos
trechos remanescentes da Mata Atlntica de Santo Amaro e Cachoeira.
Em 1994, uma nova populao foi encontrada no sul do estado de
Sergipe, nas florestas de Crasto o que representa um aumento de 175 km
de extenso ao norte de sua distribuio (Souza, 1994). Posteriormente,
outros registros foram realizados ao longo do litoral norte da Bahia,
especificamente em Conde, Jandara, Camaari, Reserva do B e
Cat. A espcie sobrevive nas matas secundrias que atualmente esto
correndo grande risco de desaparecer. Atualmente, a Pyriglena atra
classificada pela Birdlife International como ameaada de extino,
principalmente pela crescente fragmentao da Mata Atlntica costeira
entre a Bahia e Sergipe (Collar 1994). Dados morfomtricos: peso 28g,
comprimento total 190 mm, asa 78 mm, cauda 73 mm, bico 18 mm,
tarso 29 mm (macho).
Pyriglena atra (Swainson, 1825).
Backed Fire-eye
This is among the host of species considered globally threatened with
extinction. Until recently, the birds distribution was considered restricted
to the forests in the Recncavo in Bahia, in little Atlantic Rainforest
remnants around the towns of Santo Amaro and Cachoeira. In 1994,
a new population was discovered in the south of the state of Sergipe,
in the forests of Crasto, which represents an increase of 175 km in the
northern extension of the birds distribution. (Souza, 1994). After this
discoverery, other records occurred along the north coast of Bahia,
specifically in Conde, Jandara, Camaari, the B Reserve and Catu.
The species survives in mature re-growth forests which are in great risk
of disappearing. The Pyriglena atra is currently classified by Birdlife
International as threatened with extinction, principally because of the
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Conopophagidae
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Conopophagidae Family
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in the lower southern part of Bahia (Ituber) with the pair collected
in Saupe and verified that the pair from Saupe was the subspecies
Conopophaga m. nigrifrons. The female is very different from the male
and has a whitened throat, an orangey breast and a white belly, which are
different from the perspicillata which has an orange breast and belly. The
male has a white strip that extends from its throat and goes all the way
to its crissum, while the perpicillata species has a gray collar ring which
separates the throat from the breast. The pair is stored in Rolf Grantsaus
collection: 10424 Male, 03-05-98, feet. 20g/ ct. 117/ wing 65/ head. 28/
cul. 15/ tars. 27 mm, Female, 03-05-1998, feet. 27g/ ct. 113/ wing 65/ ca.
30/ cul. 15/ tars. 26 mm. Silveira et al (2003) recommends that corridors
should be created through reforestation, to link the fragments of Atlantic
Rainforest in the state of Alagoas in order to preserve endemic species and
those threatened with extinction. The ecological corridors being created
by the businessmen of the Plo Petrochemical group of Camaari with the
support of the states governors Office, local farmers and hotel chains,
will link forest remnants in the municipality of Lauro de Freitas with
those of Saupe. This will be fundamentally important not only for this
species but also other species and endemics threatened with extinction.
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Furnariidae
Furnariidae Family
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(Temminck, 1823)
(Temminck, 1823)
The discovery of this species in the north coast region that occurred in
2003 was from an individual captured in a mist net. It is not common.
It occurs in the savanna around Cetrel and in the sandy, coastal forests
near wetlands in Arembepe. A characteristic of this species is a small
black streak on its throat which is only visible when the bird is calling.
Morphometric data: weight 16g, total length 170 mm, wing 56 mm, tail
93 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 20 mm.
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total 194 mm, asa 97 mm, cauda 84 mm, bico 22 mm, tarso 24 mm
(macho).
Automolus leucophthalmus leucophthalmus (Wied, 1821)
White-eyed foliage-gleaner
This occurs in the preserved stretches of Atlantic Rainforest in the north
coast region. One of its distinguishing characteristics is its yellow iris and
throat. Its nest is made in ruts within gallery forests. It usually goes around
in mixed flock species. Morphometric data: weight 38g, total length 194
mm, wing 97 mm, tail 84 mm, beak 22 mm, tarsus 24 mm (male).
Xenops minutus minutus
(Sparrman, 1788).
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(Sparrman, 1788)
This species occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest of the north coast region
and in the mature sandy, coastal forests of Saupe. Though its beak is
very similar, it is smaller than the streaked xenops and its abdomen is
uniformly brown. Often is hangs on branches, but it also moves vertically
around a tree trunk and looks like a small woodpecker. Morphometric
data: total length 107 mm, wing 58 mm, tail 46 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus
15 mm (male).
Xenops rutilans rutilans (Temminck, 1821).
Bico-virado-carij (Streaked Xenops)
Semelhante espcie anterior, as duas podem ocorrer juntas na mesma
mata. Difere da espcie anterior por ser maior e por ter a parte inferior
do corpo toda estriada de branco. O comportamento dessa espcie
assemelha-se ao da espcie anterior. Dados morfomtricos: peso 8.5g,
comprimento total 126 mm, asa 63 mm, cauda 49 mm, bico 12 mm,
tarso 13 mm (macho).
Xenops rutilans rutilans (Temminck, 1821)
Streaked Xenops
It is similar in appearance to the previous species and can occur in the
same forests. It is, however, larger and the lower part of its body is streaked
with white. Its behavioral habits are very similar to the plain xenops.
Morphometric data: weight 8.5g, total length 126 mm, wing 63 mm, tail
49 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 13 mm (male).
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Dendrocolaptidae
Dendrocolaptidae Family
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has a green abdomen and a black streak on its wings, which is easy to see
when the bird is flying. Morphometric data: total length 157 mm, wing 83
mm, tail 78 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus 17 mm.
Glyphorhynchus spirurus cuneatus (Lichtensis, 1820).
Arapau-de-bico-de-cunha (Wedge-billed Woodcreeper).
uma das espcies de arapau mais abundantes nas matas do litoral
norte. Pode ser confundida com a espcie Xenops, por possuir o bico
curto em forma de cinzel. Pode ser vista nos troncos das rvores ou
nas ramagens. Ocorre nas matas preservadas do litoral norte e explora
tanto o extrato inferior da floresta, como a copa das rvores. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 12g, comprimento total 140 mm, asa 63 mm,
cauda 59 mm, bico 12 mm, tarso 15 mm (macho).
Glyphorhynchus spirurus cuneatus (Lichtensis, 1820)
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper
It is one of the most abundant woodcreepers in the forests of the north
coast region. It can be confused with the Xenops species because of its
short, chisel-shaped beak. It can be seen either on the trunk or branches
of trees. It occurs in the preserved forests of the north coast region and
exploits both the lower strata and the canopy of the forest. Morphometric
data: weight 12g, total length 140 mm, wing 63 mm, tail 59 mm, beak 12
mm, tarsus 15 mm (male).
Xiphorhynchus picus bahiae (Bangs & Pernard, 1921).
Arapau-de-bico-branco (Straight-billed Woodcreeper)
Ocorre em todo o litoral norte, na restinga, no cerrado e na Mata
Atlntica. Reproduz-se em ocos de rvores e ninhos artificiais de PVC.
Os indivduos dessa espcie colocam vrias cascas secas de rvore no
interior do ninho. Os ovos so dois de cor branca, pesando 5,6g medindo
26 X 19 mm e o perodo de incubao de 18 dias. Os filhotes nascem
com uma plumagem negra cobrindo o dorso e o alto da cabea. O bico
e a parte interna do bico so na cor amarelo forte e com o passar do
tempo vo se tingindo de vermelho. Antes de abandonarem o ninho, os
filhotes se comunicam com os pais, emitindo sons bem caractersticos.
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(Lichtenstein, 1820)
This species occurs in the Atlantic Forest sections of the north coast region.
One of the distinguishing characteristics of this species is the yellow on
its throat and a thin, curved, beak. It occurs in all strata of the forest, at
ground level (2 meters) or the tree canopy. Morphometric data: weight
54g, total length 255 mm, wing 109 mm, tail 92 mm, beak 35 mm.
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae (Hellmayr, 1903).
Arapau-do-cerrado (Narrow-billed Woodcreeper)
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peso 20g, comprimento total 218 mm, asa 85 mm, cauda 77 mm, bico
31 mm, tarso 19 mm.
Lepidocolaptes fuscus tenuirostris (Lichtenstein, 1820)
Lesser Woodcreeper
This occurs in the Atlantic Rainforests areas of the north coast region and
in mature sandy, coastal forest. It has a big, yellow superciliary stripe. It
moves about in mixed species flocks and occurs in diverse strata of the
forest. Morphometric data: weight 20g, total length 218 mm, wing 85
mm, tail 77 mm, beak 31 mm, tarsus 19 mm.
Tyrannidae
Tyrannidae
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flaveola, although it is less organized. It lays two white eggs with little
pink dots which weigh an average of 1.1g and measure 16.5 mm x 12 mm.
The incubation period is 16 days. Morphometric data: total length 117
mm, wing 56 mm, tail 49 mm, tarsus 14,5 mm, weight 6g.
Phaeomyias murina murina (Spix, 1825).
Bagageiro (Mouse-colored Tyrannulet)
uma espcie difcil de ser observada. Essas aves convivem com a espcie
Elaenia cristata nas restingas do litoral norte e na borda das matas.
No abundante. Pode ocorrer inclusive em jardins, nas proximidades
da restinga. As coberteiras das asas tm duas faixas marrons. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 12g, comprimento total 143 mm, asa 65 mm,
cauda 60 mm, bico 10 mm, tarso 15 mm.
Phaeomyias murina murina (Spix, 1825)
Mouse-colored Tyrannulet
This species is difficult to see. It lives together with the Elaenia cristata
in the sandy coastal forests of the north coast region and at forest edges.
It is not an abundant species, but can occur in gardens that are close
to sandy, coastal forests. It has two brown stripes on its wing coverts.
Morphometric data: weight 12g, total length 143 mm, wing 65 mm, tail
60 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 15 mm.
Myiopagis viridicata viridicata (Vieillot, 1817).
(Greenish Elaenia)
O nico registro da espcie para o litoral norte ocorreu no ano de
1997, quando um exemplar foi capturado numa rede de neblina no
manguezal. Tem o ventre amarelado e um penacho amarelo no alto
da cabea. Na caatinga, essa espcie migratria e ocorre em grandes
grupos junto com a espcie Elaenia albiceps, tambm migratria.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 13g, comprimento total 130 mm, asa 61
mm, cauda 55 mm, bico 8 mm.
Myiopagis viridicata viridicata (Vieillot, 1817).
Greenish Elaenia
The only register of this species for the north coast region occurred in
1997 when an individual was captured in a mist net set up in a mangrove.
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It has a yellow abdomen and yellow crest at the top of its head. In the
dry, shrub forest habitat (caatinga) this is a migratory species and occurs
in large groups with the Elaenia albiceps, another migratory species.
Morphometric data: weight 13g, total length 130 mm, wing 61 mm, tail
55 mm, beak 8 mm.
Elaenia flavogaster flavogaster (Thunberg, 1822).
Guaracava-de-barriga-amarela (Yellow-bellied Elaenia)
uma espcie muito comum que ocorre em diversos ecossistemas do
litoral norte: na borda das matas, no cerrado e na restinga. Tem um
topete branco que, muitas vezes, to diminuto que s pode ser visto se
tivermos o pssaro na mo. O canto bem caracterstico. Pode ocorrer
junto com outras espcies do gnero, como a Elaenia cristata cristata.
Tem duas faixas brancas nas asas. O ninho em forma de tigela e se
assemelha, muitas vezes, aos ninhos do beija-flor. confeccionado com
teia de aranha e lquen. A postura consta de dois ovos brancos com
vrias manchas marrons nos plos, pesando em mdia 2.9 g e medindo
21 mm X 16 mm. O filhote nasce coberto por uma plumagem cinza.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 20g, comprimento total 165 mm, asa 72
mm, cauda 64 mm, bico 11 mm, tarso 19 mm.
Elaenia flavogaster flavogaster (Thunberg, 1822).
Yellow-bellied Elaenia
This is a very common species that occurs in the diverse ecosystems of the
north coast region: at forest edges, in the savanna and the sandy, coastal
forests. It has a white tuft of feathers that is so small that it can only be
seen if the bird is held in a persons hand. The birds call is very distinct.
It can occur together with other species of the genus, such as the Elaenia
cristata cristata. It has two white stripes on the wings. The nest is shaped
like a bowl and often looks like a hummingbird nest. It is made of spiders
webs and lichen. The bird lays two white eggs with brown streaks on the
tips that weigh an average of 2.9 g and measure 21 mm X 16 mm. The
chick is born with gray plumage. Morphometric data: weight 20g, total
length 165 mm, wing 72 mm, tail 64 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 19 mm.
Elaenia cristata cristata (Pelzeln, 1868).
Guaracava-de-topete-uniforme (Plain-crested Elaenia)
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(Pelzeln, 1868).
This is distinguishable from the other Elaeina species through its large
size and the three whitish stripes it has on its wings. Normally the crest
has no white. It occurs in the savanna, the sandy, coastal forests and
forest edges. The best way to identify this species is through its distinct
vocalization. Its nest is much more rustic compared with those of the
two previously described species and it lays two white eggs with red dots
which weigh 2.7 grams and measure 22 mm x 11 mm. It can live together
with other Elaenia species. Morphometric data: weight 21g, total length
178 mm, wing 82 mm.
Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Abre-asas (Ochre-bellied Flycatcher)
Essa espcie ocorre na Mata Atlntica preservada no interior das
florestas e freqenta o extrato inferior das florestas. uma espcie
muito caracterstica pela sua colorao verde oliva no dorso e alaranjada
no flanco e pelo seu comportamento reprodutivo, no qual o macho
delimita um territrio e quando pousa, levanta as asas alternadamente.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 12g, comprimento total 134 mm, asa 62
mm, cauda 48 mm, bico 10 mm, tarso 14 mm.
Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher
This occurs inside stretches of preserved Atlantic Rainforest at the lower
levels of the forest. A strong characteristic is the olive-green coloring of its
abdomen and orangey flanks. It also has very characteristic reproductive
behavior in which the male marks its territory and when it lands, flaps
its wings in turns. Morphometric data: weight 12g, total length 134 mm,
wing 62 mm, tail 48 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 14 mm.
Leptopogon amaurocephalus amaurocephalus (Tschudi, 1846).
Cabeudo (Sepia-capped Flycatcher)
Ocorre na Mata Atlntica, no cerrado e na restinga do litoral norte.
Possui uma grande mancha negra do lado da cabea e duas faixas
amarelas de cada lado das asas. Uma das caractersticas mais marcantes
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Morphometric data: total length 103 mm, wing 49 mm, tail 41 mm, head
29 mm, beak 13 mm, tarsus 20,5 mm e weight 7g.
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ninhos entre abril e julho na Costa Rica. Cruz & Andrews registraram
a ocorrncia de 52 ninhos na Venezuela, entre maio e outubro, com
picos entre junho (N=26) e agosto (N=15).
Como relatado por Skutch (1960), a construo dos ninhos na rea
da Cetrel por 20 casais, foi realizada por esses dois indivduos. As
atividades de construo por cada membro do casal eram alternadas,
ou seja, quando o macho estava presente, a fmea estava ausente e vice
versa ou ainda simultaneamente, quando ambos estavam presentes
sobre o ninho, realizando alguma manipulao de material (Fotos 7,
8, 9, 10 e 11). Em outra situao, os dois indivduos ficaram pousados
sobre o ninho, mas apenas um deles trabalhava na construo.
O perodo de construo da parte externa do ninho de um casal que
teve seu ninho predado, foi de 28 dias. A partir da, o casal iniciou
a concluso da cmara interna. Skutch (1930) apresentando dados
sobre os ninhos do Panam, relatou que a cmara interna foi a parte da
construo que levou mais tempo.
A construo de um outro ninho completo na rea da Cetrel durou 32
dias. Nesse mesmo perodo, uma Columbina talpacoti construiu o seu
ninho, incubou e criou os seus filhotes. A espcie T. cinereum despende
considervel tempo durante a reproduo, principalmente com relao
construo do ninho. Segundo Skutch (1960,) a mdia de construo de
ninhos na Amrica Central de quatro a cinco semanas, embora alguns
casais possam levar menos tempo, principalmente quando a construo
ocorre aps o abandono de um ninho predado.
Dos 23 ninhos localizados, 15 estavam totalmente expostos incidncia
de sol durante todo o dia e oito deles estavam protegidos pela vegetao.
Com relao proximidade da gua, em um raio de at 100m, sete foram
encontrados nessa faixa e 16 fora dela. Apenas trs estavam parcialmente
sobre uma lmina de gua. Do total de ninhos encontrados, 20 foram
acompanhados at a predao ou at o vo dos filhotes. Desses, em
dois (10%), os adultos obtiveram sucesso, 12 (60%) foram predados,
cinco (20%) foram abandonados e um (01) foi encontrado no solo. Do
total de seis ninhos considerados predados, (50%) os ovos sumiram,
cinco ninhos (41,7%) j estavam concludos e sem ovos e um deles que
estava em construo, foi abandonado. exceo de um dos ninhos,
todos os outros considerados predados apresentaram modificaes na
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Dados morfomtricos
Entre 1991 a 2005 foram capturados e anilhados 32 indivduos da
espcie T. cinereum, 10 na rea de estudo e 22 na rea da caatinga
em Jeremoabo, Bahia. Abaixo, alguns dados sobre esses indivduos.
Haverschmidt (1952) encontrou 6,9g e 6,6g para macho e fmea,
respectivamente, no Suriname.
Peso
(N=16)
Asa (N=9)
5,6 0,95
38 3
Ninhos
12,15
0,25
18,3 0,2
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Interaes interespecficas
Eupetomena macroura, Chlorostilbon aureoventris e Phaethornis
pretrei pilharam material vegetal de dois ninhos em construo.
Foram observadas interaes agonsticas da T. cinereum contra as
espcies: Thraupis sayaca, Tangara cayana, Eupetomena macroura
e Coereba flaveola, quando estavam na rea ao redor do ninho em
construo.
Uma T. cinereum pilhou material de um ninho abandonado de um
Fluvicola nengeta
Um ninho em construo foi ocupado por uma Hyla sp. Essa ocupao foi
seguida de abandono de atividades pelo casal.
Manuteno
Uma T. cinereum tomou um banho com as gotas de gua de orvalho
depositadas na parte superior das folhas da Byrsonima sp, tendo voado
ao encontro das folhas e umedecido as penas do corpo.
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Alimento
A espcie Todirostrum cinereum foi observada ofertando dpteros e
lepidoptera (Hesperiidae Urbanus sp. ).
Visitao do ninho
Para entrar ou sair no ninho, a T. cinereum pode faz-lo diretamente,
sem pousar no ninho. No ninho, quando os filhotes tinham seis dias
de vida, os adultos entraram por completo dentro dele, para alimentlos. Da em diante, a alimentao passou a ser oferecida na entrada do
ninho, mas a cabea e o peito do filhote ficavam no interior da cmara.
Quando os filhotes estavam prximos de abandonar o ninho (cerca de
16 a 18 dias) os adultos ficaram na parte externa do ninho, oferecendolhes alimento da entrada.
Confeco do ninho
Ao construir o ninho, a T. cinereum realiza diversos movimentos
acrobticos ao redor do ramo de sustentao ou sobre o ninho, para
confeccionar a parte de fixao. Pode ainda pairar no ar, arrumando e
colocando mais peas nas partes externas laterais ou inferiores do ninho.
Para forrar a cmara oolgica, a T. cinereum utiliza-se de penas das
espcies Fluvicola nengeta, Anas bahamensis e Dendrocygna viduata,
entre outras. Alm disso, em alguns ninhos, foi encontrado o material
vegetal que reveste as sementes de uma planta introduzida.
Um adulto trabalhando na cmara oolgica sem sair do ninho, recebeu
material do outro indivduo que saiu rapidamente aps a entrega.
Cinco casais que tiveram seus ninhos predados entre novembro de 2004 e
maro de 2005, iniciaram imediatamente a construo de novos ninhos.
At maro, nenhuma dessas tentativas foi bem sucedida. Trs casais
iniciaram a nova construo, um dia aps a predao de seus ninhos.
Os cinco casais utilizaram a mesma rvore do ninho anteriormente
predado.
Manifestaes sonoras
Ao chegar ao ninho, a T. cinereum emite sons ou fica em silncio.
H diferenas entre as vocalizaes do casal e tambm
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Filhotes
Ao nascer, o filhote pesava 0,829g. Apresentava plumas visveis apenas
na regio orbital e os olhos fechados. A cor da pele era alaranjada clara,
o bico amarelado e a parte interna do bico, em amarelo escuro. As
rbitas eram grandes e proporcionais ao tamanho do bico. As unhas
eram brancas e o tarso e os dedos tinham a cor alaranjada do corpo.
possvel observarmos parte da rede de sua circulao perifrica.
Filhotes com 17 dias exibem a cabea fora do ninho. Filhotes com 18
dias, j apresentam a plumagem completa de um adulto e tm a ris
escura e apenas alguns canos na regio nasal.
De um dos ninhos que obtiveram sucesso, 10 dias antes do abandono do
primeiro filhote, um outro animal retirou material da parte posterior da
entrada, expondo a cmara interna, o que contribuiu para a queda dos
trs filhotes. Um desses filhotes morreu, provavelmente em funo da
exposio ao sol; o segundo caiu com 18 dias de nascido j emplumado,
mas sem capacidade de vo, sendo alimentado pelos adultos no solo. O
terceiro filhote, o mais novo, caiu com 18 dias, sendo tambm alimentado
pelos adultos no solo. Um dia depois no foram encontrados ao redor
do ninho nenhum dos filhotes. Dois dias depois, observamos o casal
construindo um novo ninho na mesma espcie botnica, o que sugere
que os seus filhotes tenham sido predados fora do ninho.
Parte da ontogenia dos trs filhotes de um ninho apresentada na
seqncia de fotos de 60 a 65. O desenvolvimento dos trs filhotes de
uma mesma ninhada foi acompanhado at a sada do primeiro filhote.
Dimorfismo
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Longevidade
Um indivduo da espcie T. cinereum capturado na rea do CETAS em
4/10/2001, foi fotografado na mesma rea em dezembro de 2004.
Cpula
Foi possvel observarmos duas tentativas de cpula, no mesmo dia,
de um casal que estava com o ninho ativo de um ovo. Os adultos
movimentaram-se pelo interior de uma Byrsonima sp, emitindo
trinados. Ento, de uma altura de 1,50 m do solo e num ramo de 2 cm,
o macho subiu na fmea vocalizando, a 2,5 m do ninho. Vinte minutos
depois, foi observada uma nova cpula, na mesma rvore.
Todirostrum cinereum cearae (Cory, 1916).
Common Tody-Flycatcher
During the study period between December and March, we managed to
locate 23 nests of this species and collect data from 22 of them. One of
the nests was 8 cms from the ground and attached to a branch of the
Pitecelobium sp tree and was the only one that was not systematically
accompanied nor manipulated to gauge the morphometric data for the eggs
or chicks. Cherie (1890) presented data about nests that she accompanied
in Costa Rica. Skutch (1930) found nests between the months of March
and June in Panama. Haverschimidt (1978) accompanied nests from July
to August in Suriname. Richmond and Skutch (1930) report of nests with
eggs in March in Nicaragua, and Carriker and Skutch (1930) registered
nests between April and July in Costa Rica. Cruz & Andrews registered
the occurrence of 52 nests in Venezuela from May to October, with a peak
in June (N=26) and August (N=15).
As Skutch, (1960) reports, the construction of nests in the area of Cetrel
by 20 pairs was undertaken by two individuals, the building activity of
each member of the pair happened when the male was present and the
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Morphometric Data:
From 1991-2005 we caught and banded 32 T. cinereum, 10 from our
study area and 22 from a region of the Caatinga in Jeremoabo in Bahia.
Below we present specific data about these individuals. In Suriname,
Haverschimidt (1952) found males and females that weighed 6.9g to 6.6g,
respectively.
Tail Feathers
Retriz (N=7)
Beak (N=9)
Tarsus (N=9)
5.6 0,95
31.5 0.5
12.15 0.25
18.3 0.2
38 3
Nests
The average height of the nests from ground level is 2.6m ( 1,4, N=21).
The average morphometric data from the nest (N=5) is the following:
height: 290 mm (36.05); frontal width 67.6mm ( 2.5); lateral width:
85 mm ( 16.86); the height of the upper part of the entrance 105 mm (
47.1); height of the lower part of the entrance: 189 mm ( 35.07); width
of the entrance: 27.6mm ( 2.88); height of the entrance: 26.6mm (
4.21). Average weight of the five nests is 14.17g ( 1.95).
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The components of the T. cinereum nest are very diverse both in size as
well as type of material, and depend of the environment around them.
We found dry leaves, grass stalks, and fragments and entire leaves of
Melastomataceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Compositae, fibers of Elaeis
guineensis L., stems of the Passiflora sp, and a variety of dry seeds. Rarely
did we find live vegetation in the nests, even in the recently constructed
ones. Man made material, such as cotton, paper and nylon was added to
the nests.
The internal chamber was at times lined with feathers from the following
species: Sayaca tanager (Thraupis sayaca), white-cheeked pintail (Anas
bahamensis), Ruddy ground dove (Columbina talpacoti), Saffron finch
(Sicalis flaveola) and the masked water tyrant (Fluvicola nengeta). Two
nests internal chambers were lined with a smooth material encased with
seeds from an exotic plant. The largest piece we encountered in the T.
cinereum
nest was a 59 cm grass stalk; this in contrast to material that can be
less than 1 cm, such as the almost invisible seeds used by adults birds
constructing the nest. Leaves in some of the nests measured up to 35 mm
x 25 mm.
The direction of the 20 nests opening was registered: seven (07) faced
toward quadrant 1; five (05) faced quadrant II and IV and three (03)
faced toward quadrant III.
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Nests with three eggs (N=5), two eggs (N=4) and one egg (N=2) were
registered.
Nest data collected from Central America indicates the existence of
nests with three or two eggs, the more common being nests with three
eggs. (Cherie, 1890; Skutch, 1930, 1945, 1960; Haverschimidt, 1978).
Its possible that the nests around Cetrel found with one egg had been
abandoned. The average weight of the eggs (N = 26) was 1.08g (0.15)
and the average length and width of the eggs was 16.2mm (0.95) and
11.5mm (0.5), respectively. An egg was taken from an abandoned nest
to see the relationship between its weight and a completed egg. It weighed
0.975g. The eggs that were found were white although four of them had
brown streaks scattered across their surfaces.
The incubation period for two of the nests was 17 days. Data from Central
America registered 17 and 18 days. (Skutch, 1930, 1945; Haverschimidt,
1978). The interval between the laying of eggs was one to two days. The
adult birds were observed during the incubation period inside the nest
in the mornings and afternoons. (Photo 27). One of the adult birds spent
the night inside the nest during the incubation period and for the first
ten days of the chicks lives. Skutch (1930) related that one of the females
started to sleep in the nest the evening of the first day the first egg was
laid.
Chicks fledged after 18 days. Haverschimidt (1978) found this same phenomena
and relates that after 27 days the chicks were feeding on their own.
Inter-specific interactions
Eupetomena macroura (Photo 33), Chorostilbon aureoventris e Phaethornis
pretei piled plant material for two nests under construction.
Antagonistic interactions were noted between the T. cinereum and
Thraupis sayaca, Tangara cayana, Eupetomena macroura e Coereba
flaveola, when these were around the area where the nests were being
constructed.
T. cinereum piled the material from an abandoned nest of the Fluvicola
nengeta.
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A nest being built was occupied by a Hyla sp. This occupation forced the
abandonment of the nest by the pair.
Maintenance
A T. cinereum bathed in the dew droplets that were on the upper surface
of the leaves in a Byrsonima sp., having flown to these moist leaves to wet
its feathers.
Feeding
The Todirostrum cinereum was observed proffering dipterans, Lepidoptera
(Hesperiidae Urbanus sp.)
Nest Visitation
To enter or leave the nest, the T. cinereum can do it directly without
having to land on the nest. When the chicks had been alive for six days,
the adult birds entered totally into the interior of the nest to feed hem.
After that, food was offered only at the entrance to the nest, although the
head and breast of the chick stayed in the nests interior chamber. When
the chicks were close to abandoning the nest (after around 18-20 days),
the adults perched on the external part of the nest and offered them food
at the entrance.
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Five pairs had their nests invaded by predators between November 2004
and March 2005 and immediately started to construct new nests. Up until
March, none of these attempts had been successful. Three pairs initiated
construction a day after the predator had invaded. All the five pairs used
the same tree to construct another nest after being driven out by the
predator.
Sound Manifestations
Arriving at the nest, the T. cinereum either emits sounds or remains
silent. There are differences between the vocalization of one pair. There is
still another sound that is emitted during the period when the bird visits
the nest, principally when both the individuals are in the tree where the
nest is.
14 day old chicks emit a spontaneous sound or when the adults are
near the nest. Chicks who are 17 days old emit sound when they are
manipulated or moved.
Translation of what is in the Box: Traduo do que est ao lado.
Chick Development of T. cinereum (from the same nest)
Chicks
At birth a chick weighed 0.829g. The only visible feathers were in the eye
socket region. Its eyes were closed, the color of its skin was a clear orange
color, the beak a yellowish color though the internal part was a much
darker yellow than that of the beak. The eye socket size was proportional
to the beak size and was gray. It was possible for us to observe a part of
the circulation of the peripheral network. The claws were white and the
tarsus and toes were the same color as the body. Chicks who were 17 days
old poked their heads out of the nest. When they were 18 days old, they
had a complete adult plumage and a dark iris, and only a few slits in the
nasal region.
In one of the successful nests, ten days before the first chick fledged,
another animal removed some of the material at the back of the nest
which made the three chicks fall to the ground. One of the chicks died
immediately probably from exposure to the sun; the second one that fell
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was 18 days old and had full plumage but was unable to fly. The parent
birds gave it food on the ground. The third and youngest chick, fell when
it was 18 days old and was also fed by its parents on the ground. A day
after this observation, not one of the fallen chicks was found. Two days
later, we observed the parent birds constructing a nest on the same species
of tree which suggests that the chicks were victims of predators when they
were outside of the nest.
Dimorphism
One member of the pair (N=6) had a yellow superciliary stripe which
starts at the back part above the eye and extends all the way to the beak
or come together and form a single stripe. This stripe is sometimes visible,
sometimes not. An individual whose stripe is visible also had a yellow
pilium. The other member of the pair didnt have these yellow stripes.
This could be a distinguishing characteristic between female and male.
Longevity
An individual of the T. cinereum that was caught in the area of CETAS
04/10/2001, was photographed in the same area in December 2004.
Copulation
It was possible for us to observe two copulation attempts on the same day
of a pair that was in an active nest with one egg. The adults were moving
around the inside of a Byrsonima sp, and emitting chirps, when at a height
of 1.5 meters off the ground and on a 2 cm branch, the vocalizing male
mounted the female at a distance of 2.5 meters from the nest. Twenty
minutes later we saw another copulation act on the same tree.
Todirostrum fumifrons fumifrons (Hartlaub, 1853).
Ferreirinho-de-testa-parda (Smoky-fronted TodyFlycatcher)
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be brown or black and are shaped like a pouch and the entrance is at the
lower end. We have found several nests of this species very close to wasps
nests and ant hills that give them perfect protection. We once found four
nests that had fallen inside one bush. The pair used the same location to
reproduce every year. In the north coast region, we have found nests made
of black fiber as well as lighter colored fibers. In two nests, we saw a single
egg that weighed 1.8g and measured 19 mm x 14 mm. The incubation
period is 20 days. Morphometric data: weight 13g, wing 56mm, tail
48mm, beak 10mm, tarsus 17mm.
Tolmomyias poliocephalus (Taczanowski, 1844)
Bico-chato (Grey-Crowned Flycatcher)
Essa espcie freqenta a copa da Mata Atlntica do litoral norte. O alto
da cabea cinza, o dorso verde-olva e possui uma pequena mancha
branca em volta do olho. O seu ninho muito semelhante ao da espcie
anterior. Dados morfomtricos: peso 10 g, comprimento total 125 mm,
asa 56 mm, cauda 45 mm, bico 11 mm, tarso 14 mm.
Tolmomyias poliocephalus (Taczanowski, 1844)
Gray-Crowned Flycatcher
This bird frequents the canopy in stretches of the Atlantic Rainforest in
the north coast region of Bahia. The top of its head is gray, the abdomen
is olive-green and is has a small white streak around its eye. Its nest
is similar to the previous species. Morphometric data: weight 10g, total
length 125 mm, wing 56 mm, tail 45 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 14 mm.
Platyrinchus mystaceus mystaceus (Vieillot, 1818)
Patinho (White-throated Spadebill)
Pssaro muito pequeno que ocorre na Mata Atlntica do litoral norte,
normalmente no extrato inferior da floresta. Tem o bico chato. O macho
tem o pleo amarelo. Dados morfomtricos: peso 7.5g, comprimento
total 102 mm, asa 55 mm, cauda 31 mm, bico 10 mm, tarso 16 mm.
Platyrinchus mystaceus mystaceus (Vieillot, 1818)
White-throated Spadebill
This is a very small bird that occurs in the stretches of Atlantic Rainforest
in the north coast region, normally in the lower strata of the forest. It has a
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flat beak and the male has a yellow pilium. Morphometric data: weight 7.5g,
total length 102 mm, wing 55 mm, tail 31 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 16 mm.
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Morphometric data: weight 13g, total length 115 mm, wing 56 mm, tail
50 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 15 mm.
Lathrotriccus euleri euleri (Cabanis, 1868).
Enferrujado (Eulers Flycatcher)
Essa espcie ocorre na borda e no interior das florestas, mas sempre no extrato
inferior. Possui duas faixas na cor amarelo claro nas asas e uma mancha
branca ao redor do olho. Dados morfomtricos: peso 11g, comprimento
total 142 mm, asa 60 mm, cauda 53 mm, bico 9 mm, tarso 13 mm.
Lathrotriccus euleri euleri (Cabanis, 1868).
Euler's Flycatcher
The eulers flycatcher occurs both within and also at forest edges in the
lower strata. It has two light yellow streaks on the wings and a white
streak across the eye. Morphometric data: weight 11g, total length 142
mm, wing 60 mm, tail 53 mm, beak 9 mm, tarsus 13 mm.
Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus
Vero (Vermilion Flycatcher)
(Boddaert, 1783)
Essa espcie foi registrada uma nica vez e era um indivduo que estava
junto de outro indivduo da espcie T. savana nas dunas do STIEP em
Salvador, no ano de 1988. O outro registro para o estado da Bahia, foi
no Raso da Catarina (Jeremoabo). O macho tem a cabea e o ventre na
cor vermelha forte e uma mscara negra cobrindo os olhos. Fmea e
jovem so pardos e apresentam traos de vermelho ou de amarelo nas
coberteiras inferiores da cauda. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento
total 142 mm, cauda 56 mm, bico 12 mm, tarso 14 mm.
Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus
Vermilion Flycatcher
(Boddaert, 1783)
This species has only been registered once and it was an individual that
was with another individual of the T. savana species in the sand dunes
at STIEP in Salvador, in 1988. The other register for the state of Bahia
occurred in the Raso da Catarina (Jeremoabo). The males head and
abdomen are a strong red color and it has a black mask that covers its
eyes. The female and juveniles are brown and have traces of red or yellow
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in the lower wing coverts. Morphometric data: total length 142 mm, tail
56 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 14 mm.
Lessonia rufa (Gmelin, 1789).
Colegial (Austral Negrito)
uma espcie visitante de inverno no sul do Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul
e Paran), proveniente da Patagnia. Essa espcie foi vista na Bahia
no ano de 1984, no campo da Universidade Federal da Bahia. A ave
estava buscando alimento no gramado do campo universitrio, quando
chegvamos perto ela voava baixo para um outro local no solo no
muito distante. Isso ocorreu em pleno inverno no ms de junho durante
um perodo de fortes tempestades, nesse mesmo perodo foi avistada a
espcie anterior dentro de Salvador. Esse foi o nico registro da espcie
para o nosso estado e provavelmente essa ave tenha sido deslocada
acidentalmente pela tempestade. Dados morfomtricos: comprimento
total 130 mm.
Lessonia rufa (Gmelin, 1789).
Colegial (Austral Negrito)
This is a visiting winter species in the south of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul
and Paran) from Patagonia. This species was seen in Bahia in 1984 on
the campus of the Federal University of Bahia, where it was looking for
food on the grass of the campus. When we came up close to the bird, it
flew in a low pattern to another place on the ground not far away. This
occurred in the middle of winter on the month of July when there are
fierce storms, and during this period a member of the previous species
was send in Salvador. This was the only register of this species for our
state and the bird was probably accidentally driven off course by a storm.
Morphometric data: total length 130 mm.
Xolmis cinerea (Vieillot, 1816).
Maria-branca (Gray Montija)
Essa espcie ocorre exclusivamente no cerrado do litoral norte
(Camaari) e uma das suas caractersticas mais marcantes a cor
vermelho intenso dos olhos. A garganta, o ventre e a ponta da cauda
so na cor branca. Quando a ave voa, podemos ver um desenho branco
e preto bem destacado nas asas. O ninho em forma de tigela e
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supports it in the water. It lays two white eggs with small, red spots. The
chicks hatch with a long, clear yellow plumage, imitating a poisonous
lizard. The beak is yellow. Morphometric data: weight 14g, total length
137 mm, wing 63 mm, tail 43 mm, beak 13 mm, tarsus 16 mm (female).
Satrapa icterophrys icterophrys (Vieillot, 1818)
Suiriri-pequeno (Yellow-browed Tyrant)
Espcie migratria, registrada pela primeira vez para o litoral norte
em 1988. Freqenta a Lagoa dos Frades no bairro do STIEP (Salvador).
So pssaros solitrios que vivem sempre perto da gua. O superclio
e a parte ventral so amarelos.
comprimento total 158 mm, asa 82 mm, cauda 65 mm, bico 14 mm,
tarso 17 mm.
Satrapa icterophrys icterophrys (Vieillot, 1818)
Yellow-browed Tyrant
This is a migratory species that was registered in the north coast region
for the first time in 1988. It frequents the Frades Lake in the STIEP
neighborhood. These are solitary birds which always live close to water.
The superciliary stripe and abdominal parts are yellow. Morphometric
data: weight 20g, total length 158 mm, wing 82 mm, tail 65 mm, beak 14
mm, tarsus 17 mm.
Hirundinea belicosa (Vieillot, 1819).
Gibo-de-couro (Cliff Flycatcher)
uma espcie que vive em regies de escarpas e em reas pedregosas
no litoral norte. Essa espcie vive isolada dentro da cidade de Salvador,
em dois pontos distintos: no centro histrico de Salvador na Cidade
Alta (Praa da S) onde h uma escarpa pedregosa que separa a Cidade
Baixa da Cidade Alta. Outro ponto na Cidade Baixa onde habita os
casares antigos e as igrejas perto da Feira de So Joaquim. Alimenta-se
de insetos que apanha em pleno ar. O ninho demarcado por algumas
pedras que a prpria ave carrega. Dados morfomtricos: peso 21g,
comprimento total 185 mm, asa 100 mm, cauda 70 mm, bico 16 mm,
tarso 14 mm.
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(Vieillot, 1819)
(Vieillot, 1808)
Cattle Tyrant
It occurs in open areas in all the north coast region from Salvador to
Mangue Seco. The species is often seen perching on the back of cattle or
horses or near their feet to take advantage of the insects that accompany
these animals. It can also be seen in grasslands or where lawns are being
cut to catch the insects that are displaced by this process. It builds its
nests on the trunks of palm trees. Morphometric data: weight 34g, total
length 204 mm, wing 98 mm, tail 80 mm, beak 17 mm, tarsus 31 mm.
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other bird species and can even contain snake skins. Morphometric data:
weight 26g, total length 196 mm, wing 83 mm, tail 88 mm, beak 15 mm,
tarsus 20 mm.
Myiarchus tyrannulus bahiae (Berlepsch & Leverkhn, 1890)
Maria-cavaleira-de-rabo enferrujado (Brown-crested Flycatcher)
Essa espcie ocorre na restinga e no cerrado do litoral norte e difere
da anterior por ter as retrizes, exceto as centrais, na cor ferrugem,
colorao tambm visvel nas primrias. Dados morfomtricos: peso
24g, comprimento total 194 mm, asa 88 mm, cauda 80 mm, bico 19 mm,
tarso 21 mm.
Myiarchus tyrannulus bahiae
1890)
Brown-crested Flycatcher
This species occurs in the sandy, coastal forests and savanna areas of
the north coast region and differs from the previous species because its
retrices, except for the central ones, are rust colored and this coloring is
also evident in its primaries. Morphometric data: weight 24g, total length
194 mm, wing 88 mm, tail 80 mm, beak 19 mm, tarsus 21 mm.
Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer (dOrbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
Maria-cavaleira- pequena (Dusky -capped Flycatcher)
Essa espcie ocorre na Mata Atlntica do litoral norte, bem menor
do que as duas outras espcies acima e o peito tem a colorao amarelo
mais intenso. O pleo anegrado. Pode ocorrer em vrios extratos da
floresta. Dados morfomtricos: peso 22g, comprimento total 178 mm,
asa 65 mm, cauda 65 mm, bico 16 mm, tarso 14 mm.
Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer (dOrbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
Dusky-capped Flycatcher
This species occurs in the Atlantic Rainforests stretches in the north coast
region and is much smaller than the two previous species, and has a more
intense yellowing on its breast. The pilium is blackened. It can exploit
various strata of the forest. Morphometric data: weight 22g, total length
178 mm, wing 65 mm, tail 65 mm, beak 16 mm, tarsus 14 mm.
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x 16 mm. Morphometric data: weight 28g, total length 180 mm, wing 86
mm, tail 74 mm, beak 14 mm, tarsus 18 mm.
Myiodynastes maculatus solitarius (Vieillot, 1819)
Bem-te-vi-rajado (Streaked Flycatcher)
Essa espcie ocorre nas matas preservadas do litoral norte. De porte
grande e barriga estriada, tem o uropgio e as retrizes na cor ferrugnea.
Nos ambientes de caatinga, essa espcie muito comum (Raso da
Catarina). Dados morfomtricos: peso 44g, comprimento total 222
mm, asa 100 mm, cauda 80 mm, bico 22 mm, tarso 20 mm.
Myiodynastes maculatus solitarius (Vieillot, 1819)
Streaked Flycatcher
This species occurs in the preserved forests of the north coast region. It
is a large bird with a striated belly and the rump and retrices are rustycolored. In the dry, shrub biome of the caatinga (Raso da Catarina) it is
very common. Morphometric data: weight 44g, total length 222 mm, wing
100 mm, tail 80 mm, beak 22 mm, tarsus 20 mm.
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to reproduce and never before has a register for the species in the region
been mentioned. Its nest is bowl-shaped and built on thick branches. It
lays three white eggs that have small streaks of brown. We have seen
groups of up to 50 which use the same area as a collective roosting site.
Morphometric data: weight 21g, total length 360 mm, wing 113 mm, tail
256 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 17 mm.
Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus
Suiriri (Tropical Kingbird)
(Vieillot, 1819)
(Vieillot, 1819)
This is one of the most common and abundant species and occurs on forest
edges, in the savanna and the sandy, coastal forests of the northern coast
region. Its nest is bowl-shaped and can be constructed at various heights
from the ground from two to ten meters. It lays two eggs with various
chestnut colored specks, which weigh an average of 3.0g and measure
25mm x 16mm. The chicks are born with clear yellow plumage and their
beaks are yellow. Its very similar to the variegated flycatcher but can be
differentiated by its white throat. Morphometric data: weight 30g, total
length 205 mm, wing 97 mm, tail 84 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 18 mm.
Tyrannus albogularis albogularis (Burmeister, 1856).
Suiriri-de-garganta-branca (White-throated kingbird)
Muito parecida com a espcie anterior, possui, no entanto, a garganta
branca e uma espcie migratria que foi registrada para o litoral norte
em 1993, atravs de campanhas de anilhamento. Nunca mais a espcie
foi vista, apesar de estarmos sempre atentos, pois essa espcie pode
passar despercebida e ser confundida com a espcie T. melancholicus.
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Dados morfomtricos: comprimento total 202 mm, asa 103 mm, cauda
90 mm, bico 20 mm, tarso 18 mm.
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Pipridae
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Pipridae Family
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Cotingidae
Cotingidae Family
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Subordem Ocine
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Ocine Suborder
Hirundinidae
Hirundinidae Family
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area. Based on the banding work performed by Cetrels team over four
years in Camaari, it is known that the P. tapera starts to arrive in the
area in May and leave in August. The recapture of 57 individuals banded
in 1999 during the 2001 campaign, shows the same birds return annually.
Morphometric data: weight 30g, total length 164 mm, wing 123 mm, tail
56 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 13 mm (female).
Phaeoprogne tapera tapera (Linnaeus, 1766).
Andorinha-do-campo (Brown-chested Martin)
Espcie residente que difere da anterior por no possuir pintas de cor
negra no peito. Vide a subespcie anterior. Dados morfomtricos: peso
29g, comprimento total 170 mm, asa 140 mm, cauda 64 mm, bico 10,5
mm, tarso 14 mm e peso 29g.
Phaeoprogne tapera tapera (Linnaeus, 1766)
Brown-chested Martin
This resident species differs from the previous one because it does not
have black dots on its tail. See the previous subspecies. Morphometric
data: weight 29g, total length 170 mm, wing 140 mm, tail 64 mm, beak
10,5 mm, tarsus 14 mm e weight 29g.
Progne chalybea domesticus (Vieillot, 1817).
Andorinha-domstica-grande ( Gray-breasted Martin )
Ocorre em diversos locais do Litoral norte, inclusive em Salvador.
uma espcie migratria e s vezes pernoita junto s duas subespcies
anteriores. Reproduz-se nos telhados de casares antigos e nos semforos
nas cidades. Costuma voar rente a gua para beber. Peso 52g.
Progne chalybea domesticus (Vieillot, 1817)
Gray-breasted Martin
It occurs in diverse locations in the north coast region including Salvador.
This is a migratory species and sometimes roosts with the two previous
subspecies. It reproduces in the roofs of old, big houses and on the citys
traffic lights. It usually flies just above the water to drink. Weight 52g.
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Corvidae
Corvidae Family
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the north coast region at the Santa Helena dam, and also in the savanna
area belonging to Cetrel and in Sauipe. It was probably introduced by the
state environmental authorities. It lays three eggs which weigh an average
of 7.1g and measure 32 mm x 24 mm. This introduction into the Atlantic
Forest biome may cause serious damage to the locally occurring species.
Morphometric data: weight 118g, total length 310 mm, wing 130 mm, tail
135 mm, beak 28 mm, tarsus 45 mm (male).
Troglodytidae
Troglodytidae Family
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Sylvinae
Ramphocaenus melanurus (Vieillot, 1819).
Bico-assovelado (Long-billed Gnatwren)
Essa espcie ocorre na Mata Atlntica do litoral norte e costuma ser
vista na copa das florestas, embora se reproduza no solo. Confecciona
o seu ninho em forma de tigela, com capim. A cmara oolgica mede
52 mm X 43 mm com profundidade de 40 mm. O ninho construdo
debaixo das folhagens e a postura de dois ovos que apresentam a
colorao branca salpicada de pintas pardas. O casal canta em dueto
quando est nas proximidades do ninho. Dados morfomtricos: peso
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9g, comprimento total 124 mm, asa 42 mm, cauda 44 mm, bico 23 mm,
tarso 20 mm.
Muscicapidae Family
Sylviinae Sub-family
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Turdinae
Turdinae Sub-family
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razes misturadas com lama que lhe proporciona uma boa resistncia.
A postura consta de trs ovos de cor esverdeada com vrias pintas na
cor castanha, pesando em mdia 6.8 g e medindo 28 mm X 22 mm. Os
filhotes abandonam o ninho com 14 dias. Esse sabi pode reutilizar o
mesmo ninho, por vrias vezes. Na Cetrel temos observado o inicio
da reproduo em meados de novembro e o fim em meados de maio.
Alimenta-se de uma grande variedade de frutos, insetos (formigas),
larvas de moscas, lagartixa, minhocas, gafanhotos e grilos. Quando
os filhotes ainda so pequenos, alimentam-se basicamente de insetos
e minhocas; quando esto com cerca de uma semana de vida, os pais
comeam a oferecer-lhes frutas. Os insetos, larvas e minhocas so
apanhados no solo, em locais sombreados. O sabi procura o alimento
com o bico, escavando o solo at encontr-lo. Quando encontra uma
minhoca, o sabi usa o bico para mat-la s bicadas. O sabi pode
capturar vrias minhocas, armazen-las no bico e depois voar para o
ninho para alimentar os filhotes. Na Cetrel, ns utilizamos, h dez anos,
os comedouros artificiais para atrair as aves. Todos os dias, as frutas
so colocadas nos comedouros. Alm disso, contamos com uma enorme
quantidade de rvores frutferas, tais como, mangueiras e cajueiros.
Apesar de tudo isso os pais s oferecem frutas aos filhotes depois de
uma semana de vida. J observamos dois casais: em um deles, um dos
membros tinha o tarso retorcido em forma de L e no outro, um dos
membros no tinha um dos tarsos. Acompanhamos o casal que tinha
o tarso retorcido por mais de cinco anos, e esse casal estava sempre
tentando construir o seu ninho, embora as tentativas tenham sido
todas em vo. Tentaram de tudo: construir o ninho sobre as forquilhas
de rvores, em concavidades nos troncos, em vigas de telhados etc. O
casal que um de seus membros no possua um dos tarsos conseguiu
reproduzir. Dados morfomtricos: peso 60g, comprimento total 228
mm, asa 108 mm, cauda 90 mm, bico 15 mm, tarso 30 mm (fmea).
Turdus leucomelas albiventer (Spix, 1824)
Pale-breasted Thrush
This is the most common and abundant thrush in the north coast region
and occurs in almost all the regions ecosystems: savanna, Atlantic
Rainforest, sandy coastal forests and even within the city of Salvador.
This species adapted itself well to urban environments and constructs
its nest in roofs, street lights, etc.. as long as it is not disturbed. The
nest is bowl-shaped and made of roots mixed with mud, which gives it
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sound resistance. It lays three greenish eggs with chestnut colored spots.
It weighs 6.8 grams and measures 28 mm X 22 mm. The chicks abandon
the nest after 14 days. In Cetrel, we have observed that the reproduction
period starts in the middle of November and ends in the middle of May.
This thrush species uses the same nest several times. It feeds on a wide
array of fruits, insects and small lizards. When the chicks are still small,
they are fed basically on insects and worms. When they are about a week
old, the parent birds start to offer them fruits. The insects, larvae and
fruits are collected in shady points on the ground. The thrush forages for
food with its beak and digs in the ground until it finds the food source.
When it finds a worm, the thrush butts it various times until it kills it. It
can capture various worms and stores them in its beak, then flies to the
nest and feeds its chicks. At Cetrel, we have for ten years used artificial
feeders to attract the birds. Everyday, fruits are put on the feeders and
next to the feeders are several other fruit trees such as mango and cashew
trees. Despite the large offering, the parent birds only give fruit to the
chicks one week after they hatch. We have carefully observed two pairs: in
one of them, one had its tarsus twisted in an L shape and the other was
missing one of its tarsus. We accompanied the pair with the twisted tarsus
for five years and the pair was always trying to build a nest and always in
vain. They tried to build the nest on the forked branches of trees, in trunk
cavities, on the beams of roofs, etc.. the pair of which one of the members
was missing a tarsus, was able to reproduce. Morphometric data: weight
60g, total length 228 mm, wing 108 mm, tail 90 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus
30 mm (female).
Turdus amaurochalinus (Cabanis, 1851)
Sabi-poca (Creamy-billed Thrush)
Juntamente com a espcie a seguir, o sabi-poca o menos abundante no
litoral norte e ocorre em quase todos os ecossistemas: Mata Atlntica,
cerrado e restinga. Constri o ninho nas rvores; a postura consta
de trs ovos. O macho, no perodo reprodutivo, tem o bico tinto de
amarelo puro. Busca alimento no solo e tambm nas rvores. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 57g, comprimento total 222 mm asa 106 mm,
cauda 88 mm, bico 20 mm, tarso 33 mm (macho).
Turdus amaurochalinus (Cabanis, 1851).
Creamy-billed Thrush
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Together with the species that follows, the creamy-billed thrush is the least
abundant thrush species in the north coast region though it can occur in
almost all the regions ecosystems: savanna, Atlantic Rainforest and sandy
coastal forests. It builds its nest in trees and lays three eggs. During the
reproductive period, the males beak is tinged with pure yellow. It seeks
food on the ground and also in trees. Morphometric data: weight 57g,
total length 222 mm wing 106 mm, tail 88 mm, beak 20 mm, tarsus 33
mm (male).
Turdus albicollis crotopezus (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823)
Sabi-de-coleira (White-necked Thrush)
um sabi tpico do interior das florestas (Mata Atlntica). A sua
garganta rajada de negro, as plpebras so amarelas e o abdome branco.
Ocorre nas matas preservadas do litoral norte. Dados morfomtricos:
peso 70g, comprimento total 235 mm, asa 104 mm, cauda 90 mm, bico
21 mm, tarso 30 mm (fmea).
Turdus albicollis crotopezus (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823)
White-necked Thrush
This thrush species is typically found in the interior of forests (Atlantic
Rainforest). Its neck is streaked with black, the eyelids are yellow and
the abdomen is white. It occurs in the preserved forests of the north
coast region. Morphometric data: weight 70g, total length 235mm, wing
104mm, tail 90mm, beak 21mm, tarsus 30mm (female).
Mimidae
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Mimidae Family
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Motacillidae
Motacillidae Family
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Vireonidae
Famlia Vireonidae
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(Vieillot, 1809)
This is a species that lives in wet areas distributed throughout the north
coast region and it hides in the middle of the rush vegetation. This
location is also preferred by the black-capped donacobius (D. atricapilla
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). The female does not have a black mask around its eyes. Morphometric
data: weight 13g, total length 128 mm, wing 61 mm, tail 53 mm, beak 12
mm, tarsus 21,5 mm.
Basileuterus flaveolus (Baird, 1865).
Canrio-do-mato (Flavescent Warbler)
Essa espcie ocorre nas matas do litoral norte, inclusive na restinga;
vive no extrato inferior das florestas e no solo, onde busca alimento; o
seu canto bem caracterstico e denuncia a presena da espcie. Possui
o tarso comprido, na cor amarelo forte. So aves muito territoriais, no
admitindo a presena de outros indivduos da mesma espcie em seu
territrio. Dados morfomtricos: peso 20g, comprimento total 160 mm,
asa 62 mm, cauda 65 mm, bico 12 mm, tarso 22 mm.
Basileuterus flaveolus (Baird, 1865).
Flavescent Warbler
This species occurs in the forests of the north coast region including the
sandy, coastal forests. It lives in the lower strata of the forest and on
the ground where it looks for food. Its call is very distinctive and is a
giveaway for the presence of the species. These are territorial birds which
do not permit the entrance of other individuals of the same species into
its territory. Morphometric data: weight 20g, total length 160 mm, wing
62 mm, tail 65 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 22 mm.
Coerebinae
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comprimento total 110 mm, asa 53 mm, cauda 29 mm, bico 12 mm,
tarso 16 mm.
Coerebinae Subfamily
Subfamlia Thraupinae
(Wied, 1821)
Thraupinae Sub-family
(Wied, 1821)
It occurs in savanna areas and the sandy, coastal forests of the north coast
region. It has a black mask around its eyes which contrasts strongly with
its plumage. Its nest can be constructed in the middle of small bushes. We
have found a nest at 50 cms height off the ground. It lays two eggs that
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(Vieillot, 1818)
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(Spix, 1825)
(Spix, 1825)
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This is species that occurs in areas of savanna and the open fields of
the north coast region where it is neither abundant nor common. It has
accentuated sexual dimorphism: the male is a uniform reddish color and
the females fontal part is bright yellow. It frequents the forest canopy but
will also exploit lower strata of the forest. It will come to feeders if egg
shells are put out. Morphometric data: weight 40g, total length 195 mm,
wing 95 mm, tail 73 mm (female).
Ramphocelus bresilius bresilius
Ti-sangue (Brazilian Tanager)
(Linnaeus, 1766).
(Linnaeus, 1766).
This is one of the most beautiful birds in Brazil. The male is black and red
and the female and young are brown. It occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest
and the savanna of the north coast region of Bahia. Its nest is shaped like
a basket and many times made with palm fibers. It lays three greenish
eggs which weigh an average of 2.9g and measure 20.5 mm x 17 mm. Only
the female incubates but after the chicks are hatched, various individuals,
including the males, feed the chicks. Their nests are sometimes taken over
by the Molothrus bonariensis species. It will come to feeders. Morphometric
data: weight 31g, total length 186 mm, wing 83 mm, tail 76 mm, beak
15 mm, tarsus 22 mm, (male); weight 30g, total length 182 mm, wing 82
mm, tail 78 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus 21 mm (female).
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(Linnaeus, 1766).
This is one of the most common and abundant birds in the north coast
region and occurs in almost all the diverse ecosystems: savanna, sandy
coastal forests, the Atlantic Rainforest and large cities (Salvador). Its nest
is shaped like a basket and can be built at various heights including close
to the ground. The sacaya tanager can also build its nest in lamp-posts or
under the rooves of houses. It lays two greenish eggs streaked with diverse
brown spots. The eggs weigh and average of 3.8g and measure 25 mm x 18
mm. They will come to feeders. Morphometric data: weight 30g, total length
173 mm, wing 92 mm, tail 68 mm, beak 15 mm, tarsus 22 mm (male).
Thraupis palmarum palmarum (Wied, 1821)
Sanhao-do-coqueiro (Palm Tanager)
uma espcie que ocorre em diversos ecossistemas do litoral norte:
cerrado e restinga. Costuma construir seu ninho na haste das palmeiras,
mas tambm pode utilizar outros tipos de rvores e pode at construir
ninhos at debaixo de telhados. A postura consta de dois ovos na
cor verde claro, manchada com pintas cor de chocolate, pesando em
mdia....... . Costuma freqentar comedouros. Dados morfomtricos:
peso 38g, comprimento total 187 mm, asa 100 mm, cauda 83 mm, bico
15 mm, tarso 25 mm (fmea).
Thraupis palmarum palmarum
Palm Tanager
(Wied, 1821).
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(Linnaeus, 1776).
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female and juveniles are greenish. Morphometric data: weight 14g, total
length 122 mm, wing 60 mm, tail 33 mm, beak 16 mm, tarsus 13 mm.
Conirostrum bicolor bicolor ( Vieillot, 1809).
Figuinha-do-mangue (Bicolored Conebill)
uma espcie exclusiva do manguezal. O macho possui o dorso
azulado e o ventre pardacento claro; a fmea e os jovens possuem uma
colorao amarelada. Esto sempre se movimentando no interior do
mangue e seu ninho em forma de cesto fixado numa forquilha. Dados
morfomtricos; peso 12g, comprimento total 117 mm, asa 63 mm, cauda
45 mm, bico 11 mm, tarso 15 mm.
Conirostrum speciosum speciosum
Chestnut-Vented Conebill
(Temminck, 1824).
It occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest, the areas of savanna and the sandy,
coastal forests of the north coast region. The male has chestnut colored
lower tail coverts, which are clearly visible when the bird is seen from below.
The female has a greenish back and a slightly blue head. Morphometric
data: weight 12g, total length 105 mm, wing 55 mm, tail 37 mm, beak 8
mm, tarsus 15 mm.
( Vieillot, 1809).
This is a species exclusive to the mangroves. The male has a bluish back
and a brownish abdomen; the female and young have a yellowish coloring.
They are in constant motion inside the mangroves and its nest is basket
shaped and is built of the fork off a branch. Morphometric data: weight 12g,
total length 117 mm, wing 63 mm, tail 45 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 15 mm.
Tersina viridis viridis ( Illieger, 1811).
Sa-andorinha (Swallow Tanager)
uma espcie que migra em determinados perodos do ano para o
cerrado, em bandos que podem ter mais de 20 indivduos. O macho
azul com uma mscara negra em volta dos olhos e do pescoo e seus
olhos so avermelhados e a fmea esverdeada. Costuma pousar em
galhos secos em determinadas horas da tarde e depois desce para o
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( Illieger, 1811).
Subfamlia Emberizinae
Emberizinae Subfamily
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uma espcie que ocorre nas regies abertas, onde existe uma grande
quantidade de campos de gramneas: cerrado e restinga. O tico-tico
do campo verdadeiro vive no solo, embrenhado no meio de vegetao.
Costuma pousar em pequenos arbustos no meio de gramneas para
cantar. Possui uma mancha amarela acima do olho e outra mancha
da mesma cor no encontro. Assemelha-se muito a um indivduo
jovem da espcie Sicalis flaveola. Dados morfomtricos: peso 17g,
comprimento total 130 mm, asa 60 mm, cauda 48 mm, bico 11 mm,
tarso 17 mm (macho).
Ammodromus humeralis humeralis
Grassland Sparrow
(Bosc, 1792)
It is a species that occurs in open areas where there are lots of grassy fields
within savanna and sandy, coastal forest areas. The grassland sparrow
lives on the ground hidden in the middle of the vegetation. It will perch
on small bushes to call. It has a yellow streak above the eye. They look
very much like a young Sicalis flaveola. Morphometric data: weight 17g,
total length 130 mm, wing 60 mm, tail 48 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 17
mm (male).
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vegetation. They can be seen when they fly; as they gain altitude they
call. They then come back down to the ground. This is a migratory species
and has accentuated sexual dimorphism. The females breast is striped.
Morphometric data: weight 10g, total length 120 mm, wing 68 mm, tail
51 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 16 mm.
Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1798).
Canrio-da-terra-verdadeiro (Saffron Finch)
um dos pssaros mais conhecidos e por isso so perseguidos para
serem aprisionados em gaiolas. Tanto podem viver em grandes bandos,
como tambm em casais isolados em um determinado territrio.
Reproduzem-se em ocos de rvores, debaixo das telhas dos telhados e
se aproveitam de ninhos artificiais tais como: caixas de madeira e tubos
de PVC. muito comum o povo do interior, colocar caveiras de boi no
cercado da roa para que esses pssaros se reproduzam. O ninho um
pequeno cesto instalado em uma cavidade. A postura pode constar de
dois a cinco ovos de cor esverdeada com vrias pintas na cor marrom.
Pesam em mdia 2.0g e medem 18,5 mm X 14 mm Dados morfomtricos:
peso 22g, comprimento total 137 mm, asa 70 mm, cauda 54 mm, bico 10
mm, tarso 13 mm (fmea).
Sicalis flaveola brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1798).
Saffron Finch
This is one of the most known birds and for that they are sought after
by people who want to keep them in cages. They can live both in large
groups or as isolated pairs in a certain territory. They reproduce in the
hollow cavities of trees, under rooves, and also take advantage of artificial
nests such as wooden boxes, PVC pipes, etc..It is common for people in the
interior to put the skulls of cattle on fence posts for the birds to reproduce
in. The nest is a small basket inside placed inside a cavity. It lays two to
five greenish eggs with several brown dots and weigh an average of 2.0g and
measure 18.5 mm X 14 mm Morphometric data: weight 22g, total length
137 mm, wing 70 mm, tail 54 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 13 mm (female).
Sicalis luteola luteola (Sparrman, 1789)
Tipio (Grassland Yellow-Finch)
Muito parecida com a espcie anterior, no entanto no tem o pleo
amarelo e o seu manto todo riscado de negro. Costuma viver em
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peso 12g, comprimento total 108 mm, asa 48 mm, cauda 45 mm, bico 9
mm, tarso 13 mm (fmea); peso 11g, comprimento total 112 mm, asa 52
mm, cauda 48 mm, bico 10 mm, tarso 13 mm (macho).
Volatinia jacarina (Linnaeus, 1789).
Blue-Black Grassquit
It occurs in open areas where the grass is high. During the reproductive
period, the male has a brilliantly black plumage and the female and
juveniles are brown with streaks on their breasts. It is a very distinct bird
and calls from fence posts and jumps vertically up to land at the same
place. The nest is built close to the ground in the middle of the vegetation.
Morphometric data: weight 12g, total length 108 mm, wing 48 mm, tail
45 mm, beak 9 mm, tarsus 13 mm (female); weight 11g, total length 112
mm, wing 52 mm, tail 48 mm, beak 10 mm, tarsus 13 mm (male).
Sporophila lineola lineola (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bigodinho (Lined Seedeater)
uma espcie migratria no litoral norte que aparece em determinados
perodos do ano para reproduzir e logo desaparece. Ocorre em reas
abertas de cerrado ( Camaari). A fmea parda com bico na cor
amarela. Dados morfomtricos: peso 11g, comprimento total 114 mm,
asa 58 mm, cauda 43 mm, bico 8 mm, tarso 14 mm (macho).
Sporophila lineola lineola
Lined Seedeater
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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(Temminck, 1820)
This species occurs in open regions where there are grasslands but it
can also occur in re-growth forests and forest edges. It lives with other
representatives from the same family although in small groups. During the
reproductive period, the pairs distance themselves from the nest and mark
their reproduction territory. The female and the juveniles are brown and
dark. These birds are sold in the illegal wildlife traffic and many breeders
cross this species with the lesser seed finch which produces a hybrid with
lots of different colors. Morphometric data: total length 125 mm, wing 55
mm, tail 45 mm, beak 11 mm, tarsus 13 mm (male).
Sporophila bouvreuil bouvreuil (P.L.S. Mller, 1776)
Caboclinho (Capped Seedeater)
Essa espcie ocorre em regies onde h grandes extenses de gramneas,
inclusive nas margens dos brejos. No perodo das chuvas, quando h uma
grande demanda de alimentos, bandos numerosos visitam as regies de
gramneas do Litoral norte, mas quando a seca intensa e o capim seca,
muitos deles desaparecem. Constri seu ninho que um pequeno cesto,
no meio de gramneas. J encontramos ninhos fixados em folhas de
pequenas palmeiras. A postura consta de dois ovos pesando em mdia
1.1g e medindo 14 mm x 12 mm. A fmea e os jovens so pardos.
Sporophila bouvreuil bouvreuil
Capped Seedeater
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This species occurs in regions where there are large stretches of grasslands
and also on the edge of swamps and wetlands. During the rainy season,
when the demand for food is large, numerous groups visit the grasslands
of the north coast region but when there is a drought and the grasses
dry up, many of these birds disappear. They build their nest, which is a
small basket, in the middle of the grasses. We have in the past found nests
affixed to the fronds of small palm trees. It lays two eggs which weigh an
average 1.1g and measure 14 mm x 12 mm. The female and the juveniles
are brown.
Sporophila angolensis angolensis (Linnaeus, 1766).
Curi (Lesser Seed-Finch)
O curi ocorre em diversas regies do litoral norte, de Lauro de Freitas
a Camaari etc. So as aves mais cobiadas dentre todas as espcies
criadas em gaiola. As populaes dessa espcie vm diminuindo
drasticamente na natureza. Hoje, essas aves so criadas em gaiolas,
onde se reproduzem com sucesso. Muitos criadores realizam vrios
cruzamentos, tais como: O. angolensis X O. maximiliani, O. angolensis
X S. leucoptera. Esses cruzamentos produzem hbridos de colorao
variada. Dados morfomtricos: peso 15g, comprimento total 130 mm,
asa 56 mm, cauda 57 mm, bico 12 mm, tarso 16 mm.
Sporophila angolensis angolensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Lesser Seed-Finch
The lesser-seed finch occurs throughout the north coast region from Lauro
de Freitas to Camaari etc. This bird is the most sought after species
by people who keep caged birds. The wild populations of these birds
are being reduced drastically. Caged birds reproduce successfully. Many
breeders cross this species with other species such as the S. angolensis X O.
maximiliani, S. angolensis X S. leucoptera. This cross-breeding produces
hybrids of mixed coloring. Morphometric data: weight 15g, total length
130 mm, wing 56 mm, tail 57 mm, beak 12 mm, tarsus 16 mm.
Arremon taciturnus taciturnus (Hermann, 1783).
Tico-tico-da-mata-de-bico-preto (Pectoral Sparrow)
O macho possui o colorido mais intenso e um colar negro; na fmea, o
peito pardacento e o colar interrompido. Essa espcie ocorre na borda
das matas e comuns os indivduos dessa espcie serem observados
pulando pelo cho ou a pouca altura do solo. So aves muito territoriais
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Subfamlia Emberizidae
Subfamlia Parulinae
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Emberizidae SubFamily
Parulinae Subfamily
Cardinalinae
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Cardinalinae Subfamily
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peso 48g, comprimento total 210 mm, asa 98 mm, cauda 90 mm, bico
21 mm, tarso 25 mm.
Saltator maximus maximus
Buff-throated Saltator
(Mller, 1776)
This species looks very much like the green-winged saltator and differs
only because its upper parts and two sides of the tail are green. It has two
black stripes on its throat and in the center, the coloration is brownish.
The species occurs in stretches of the Atlantic Rainforest and the savanna
areas of the north coast region. Its call is very different from the greenwinged saltator, although often the birds are caught by traffickers and sold as
if they were the green-winged saltator. Morphometric data: weight 48g, total
length 210 mm, wing 98 mm, tail 90 mm, beak 21 mm, tarsus 25 mm.
Saltator similis similis (Lafresnaye & d Orbigny, 1837).
Trinca-ferro-verdadeiro (Green-winged Saltator)
Essa espcie ocorre no cerrado do litoral norte e em algumas regies
na borda das matas. muito apreciada pelos criadores de pssaros por
causa do seu canto. Os traficantes de aves capturam centenas dessas
aves para vender no comrcio ilegal e por esse motivo, a espcie vem
desaparecendo em muitas regies. Dados morfomtricos: peso 46g,
comprimento total 225 mm, asa 100 mm, cauda 95 mm, bico 18 mm,
tarso 23 mm.
Saltator similis similis (Lafresnaye & d Orbigny, 1837).
Green-winged Saltator
This species occurs in the savanna areas of the north coast region and
on some forest edges. This bird is favored by breeders because of its bird
song. The traffickers capture hundreds of these birds and for that reason
the bird is disappearing from many regions. Morphometric data: weight 46g,
total length 225 mm, wing 100 mm, tail 95 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 23 mm.
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Subfamlia Icterinae
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(Vieillot, 1819)
This species prefers wet regions but can also frequent dry places. It feeds
off cattle feed together with the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).
It will also visit bird feeders and lives in groups that can be over one
hundred strong. Its sexual dimorphism is very accentuated: the male is
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black with a rusty-colored cap, throat and breast whereas the female is
olivacious brown and the belly and upper parts are streaked with black
Morphometric data: weight 32g, total length 174 mm, wing 95 mm, tail
72 mm, beak 18 mm, tarsus 25 mm.
Leistes superciliaris (Bonaparte, 1850).
Polcia-inglesa (White-browed Blackbird)
Essa espcie ocorre nas regies alagadias do litoral norte e tambm
pode ocupar gramados de campos de golfe e gramados nas laterais das
pistas de aeroportos. Ocorre tambm dentro da cidade de Salvador,
nos gramados dos parques. Costuma levantar vo com as asas e cauda
abertas, emitindo um zumbido e depois pousa no solo ou sobre alguma
vegetao. A fmea parda de peito riscado e tingido de vermelho.
Dados morfomtricos: peso 50 g, comprimento total 193 mm, asa 103
mm, cauda 60 mm, bico 20 mm, tarso 32 mm.
Leistes superciliaris (Bonaparte, 1850).
White-browed Blackbird
This species occurs in the wet regions of the north coast region and can
also occur on golf courses and the stretches of grass next to runways at
airports. It flies with its wings and tail open and emits a whir and then
lands on the ground of some vegetation. The female is brown and its
breast tinted and streaked with red. Morphometric data: weight 50g, total
length 193 mm, wing 103 mm, tail 60 mm, beak 20 mm, tarsus 32 mm.
Gnorimopsar chopi chopi (Spix, 1824).
Pssaro-preto (Chopi Blackbird)
Essa espcie ocorre em reas abertas com rvores espaadas, em todo
o litoral norte. Constri o seu ninho nos ocos das rvores ou se utiliza
de ninhos de outras aves. Tambm pode utilizar ninhos artificiais de
PVC. So aves muito apreciadas pelos criadores de pssaros e centenas
dessas aves so vendidas nas feiras livres no estado da Bahia. O trfico
de animais vem causando um grande impacto nessa espcie, pois
so aves muito sensveis e muitas delas morrem por causa dos maus
tratos. J observamos dois casos de albinismo nessa espcie. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 80g.
Gnorimopsar chopi chopi (Spix, 1824).
Chopi Blackbird
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This species occurs in open areas with scattered trees throughout all the
north coast region. It builds its nest in hollow tree cavities or uses the
nests of other species. It also uses PVC as an artificial nest. These birds are
favored by bird breeders and hundreds of these birds are sold in markets
throughout the sate of Bahia. This illegal traffic has had a large impact
on the species since they are very sensitive birds and many die from bad
conditions and ill-treatment. Morphometric data: weight 80g.
Molothrus badius (Spix, 1824).
Asa-de-telha ( Bay-Winged Cowbird )
Essa espcie ocorre em reas abertas com rvores espaadas. Vivem
em pequenos bandos; os sexos so semelhantes; tem colorao parda
com uma mancha anegrada que parte do bico e vai at os olhos. Dados
morfomtricos: peso 44 g, comprimento total 175 mm, asa 84 mm,
cauda 62 mm, bico 18 mm, tarso 26 mm.
Molothrus badius (Spix, 1824)
Bay-Winged Cowbird
This species occurs in open areas with scattered trees. It lives in small
groups and both sexes have similar appearance. It has a brown coloring
with a blackish stripe that goes from its beak to its eyes. Morphometric
data: weight 44g, total length 175 mm, wing 84 mm, tail 62 mm, beak 18
mm, tarsus 26 mm.
Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789).
Chopim (Shiny Cowbird)
Essa espcie ocorre em todo o litoral norte, muitas vezes em bandos
numerosos. O macho tem uma plumagem azul-violeta que dependendo
da iluminao, brilha fortemente. A fmea menor e de cor marromfuligem. Costuma freqentar os currais em busca da rao oferecida
ao gado. Essa espcie no constri ninhos, nem to pouco incuba ovos.
Parasita os ninhos de dezenas de espcies de pssaros. J observamos
ovos dessa espcie em ninhos das espcies Fluvilcola nengeta, Thraupis
sayaca e Ramphocelus bresilius. Os ovos dessa espcie so de colorao
esbranquiada, salpicada com vrias pintas de cor marrom, contrastando
muito com os ovos da espcie R. bresilius que possui uma colorao
esverdeada com pintas pretas. Os ovos pesam em mdia 4.0g e medem
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Fringillidae
Fringillidae Family
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Passeridae
(Linnaeus, 1758).
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Passeridae Family
(Linnaeus, 1758).
This species was introduced into Brazil and Bahia. We observed this
species at the beginning of the 1970s where it frequented the city of
Salvador. Today it is spread all throughout the north coast region always
near residential areas. In certain places it causes a lot of damage because
it will steal customers food at local restaurants. These birds can transit
multiple diseases to man. The house sparrow is a classical example of
that it is never advisable to introduce any species into an alien habitat.
Morphometric data: weight 24g, wing 67 mm, tail 54 mm, beak 11 mm,
tarsus 17 mm.
Estrildidae
Estrildidae Family
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Pranchas
tables
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Tinamiformes
Tinamiformers
Tinamidae
Crypturellus parvirostris
Inambu-choror
Small-billed Tinamou
Foto.: Haroldo
Crypturellus noctivagus
noctivagus
Ja-do-litoral
Yellow-legged Tinamou
Crypturellus soui
albigularis
Tururim
Little Tinamou
Foto.: Rolf
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Rhynchotus rufescens
catingae
Perdigo
Red-winged Tinamou
Nothura boraquira
Codorna
White-bellied Nothura
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Podicipediformes
Podicipediformes
Podicipedidae
Podilymbus podiceps
antarticus
Mergulho
Pied-billed Grebe
Tachybaptus dominicus
speciosus
Mergulho-pequeno
Least Grebe
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Spheniscidae
Spheniscidae
Spheniscidae
Spheniscus magellanicus
Pinguim-de-Magalhes
Magellanic Penguin
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Procellariiformes
Procellariiformes
Diomedeidae
Thalassarche
melanophris
Albatroz-de-sobrancelha
Black-browed Albatross
Foto.: Haroldo
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Thalassarche
chlororhynchos
Albatroz-de-nariz-amarelo
Yellow-nosed Albatross
Diomedea cauta
Albatroz-de-narizamarelo
Shy Albatross
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Phoebetria fusca
Piau-preto
Sooty Albatross
Phoebetria palpebrata
Foto.: Haroldo
Albatroz-pardo-de-capaclara
Light-mantled Sooty
Albatross
Procellariidae
Fulmarus glacialoides
Foto.: Haroldo
Pardelo-prateado
Southern Fulmar
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Daption capense
Pomba-do-cabo
Cape Petrel
Pterodroma incerta
Furabuxo-de-capuz
Hooded or Atlantic Petrel
Pterodroma brevirostris
Lesson, 1831
Furabuxo-de-bico-fino
Kerguelen Petrel
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Pachyptila vittata
Prio-de-bico-largo
(Broad-billed Prion)
Foto.: Rolf
Pachyptila desolata
Pardela-de-bico-de-pato
(Dove Prion)
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Pachyptila belcheri
Faigo
Slender-billed Prion
Procellaria aequinoctialis
Pardela-preta
White-chinned Petrel
Procellaria conspicillata
Pardela-preta
White-Chinned Petrel
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Procellaria cinerea
Pardela-cinza
Grey Petrel
Foto.: Haroldo
Calonectris borealis
Pardela-de-bico-amarelo
Corys Shearwater
Calonectris edwardsii
Pardela
Corys Shearwater
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Puffinus gravis
Bobo-grande-de-sobrebranco
Greater Shearwater
Puffinus griseus
Bobo-escuro
Sooty-Shearwater
Puffinus puffinus
Bobo-pequeno
Manx Shearwater
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Puffinus tnuirostris
Short-tailed shearwater
Oceanites oceanicus
Alma-de-mestre
Wilson Storm-Petrel
Pelagodroma marina
hypoleuca
White-faced Storm-Petrel
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Fregetta tropica
Painho
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel
Foto.: Rolf
Oceanodroma leucorhoa
Leachs Storm-Petrel
Foto.: Rolf
Pelicaniformes
Pelicaniformes
PHAETHONTIDAE
Phaethon aethereus
aethereus
Rabo de Palha
Red-billed Tropicbird
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SULIDAE
Sula leucogaster
leucogaster
Brown Booby
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax
bransfieldensis
Antarctic Shag
Foto.: Aroldo
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Phalacrocorax
brasilianus brasilianus
Bigu
Neotropic Cormorant
FREGATIDAE
Fregata magnificens
Tesouro
Magnificent Frigatebird
Fregata magnificens
Tesouro
Magnificent Frigatebird
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Ciconiformes
Famlia Ardeidae
Ardea cocoi
Gara-moura
White-necked Heron
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Litoral
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Aves
dodo
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Norte
Egretta caerulea
Gara-morena
Little Blue Heron
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Nycticorax nycticorax
hoactli
Savacu
Black-crowned NightHeron
Nyctanassa violacea
cayennensis
Savacu-de-coroa
Yellow-crowned NightHeron
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Tigrisoma lineatum
marmoratum
Soc-boi-verdadeiro
Rufescent Tiger-Heron
Ixobrychus exilis
erythromelas
Soc-vermelho
Least Bittern
Foto.: Rolf
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Ixobrychus involucris
Soc-amarelo
Striped-backed Bittern
Cochlearidae
Cochlearius cochlearius
cochlearius
Arapap
Boat-billed Heron
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Threskiornithidae
Eudocimus ruber
Guar
Scarlet Ibis
Ciconidae
Mycteria americana
Cabea-seca
Wood Stork
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Coragyps atratus
brasiliensis
Urubu-de-cabea-preta
Black Vulture
Famlia Cathartidae
Sarcoramphus papa
Urubu-rei
King Vulture
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Cathartes burrovianus
urubitinga
Urubu-de-cabeaamarela
Lesser Yellow-headed
Vulture
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Anseriformes
Anseriformes
Famlia Anatidae
Dendrocygna bicolor
Mareca-caneleira
(Fulvous Whistling-Duck)
Dendrocygna viduata
Irer
White-faced WhistlingDuck
Dendrocygna autumnalis
discolor
Mareca-asa-branca
Black-billed WhistlingDuck
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Anas bahamensis
bahamensis
Marreca-toicinho
White-cheeked Pintail
Netta erythrophthalma
Paturi-preta
Southern Pochard
Netta erythrophthalma
Paturi-preta
Southern Pochard
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Amazonetta brasiliensis
Marreca-p-vermelho
Brazilian Duck
Amazonetta brasiliensis
Marreca-p-vermelho
Brazilian Duck
Sarkidionis melanotos
sylvicola
Pato-de-crista
Comb Duck
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Cairina moschata
Pato-do-mato
Muscovy Duck
Cairina moschata
Pato-do-mato
Muscovy Duck
Oxyura dominica
Marreca-de-bico-preto
Masked Duck
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Oxyura dominica
Marreca-de-bico-preto
Masked Duck
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Falconiformes
Falconiformes
Famlia Accipitridae
Elanus leucurus
Gavio-peneira
White-tailed Kite
Gampsonyx swainsonii
swainsonii
Gaviozinho
Pearl Kite
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Leptodon cayanensis
cayanensis
Gavio-de-cabea-cinza
Gray-headed Kite
Chondrohierax uncinatus
uncinatus
Caracoleiro
Hook-billed Kite
Foto.: Rolf
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Harpagus bidentatus
bidentatus
Ripina
Double-toothed Kite
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Rostrhamus sociabilis
sociabilis
Foto.: Marques
Gavio-caramujeiro
Snail Kite
Accipiter bicolor
Gavio-bombachinhagrande
Bicolored Hawk
Ixobrychus involucris
- Soc-amarelo
- Striped-backed
Foto.: Rolf
Bittern.jpg
Buteo albonotatus
abbreviatus
Gavio-de-rabo-barrado
Zone-tailed Hawk
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Buteo brachyurus
brachyurus
Gavio-de-rabo-curto
Short-tailed Hawk
Foto.: Rolf
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Buteo albicaudatus
albicaudatus
Gavio-de-rabo-branco
White-tailed Hawk
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Rupornis magnirostris
nattareri
Gavio-carij
Roadside Hawk
Buteogallus urubitinga
urubitinga
Gavio-preto
Great Black Hawk
Parabuteo unicinctus
unicinctus
Gavio-de-asa-de-telha
Harris Hawk
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Buteogallus meridionalis
meridionalis
Gavio-caboclo
Savanna Hawk
Geranospiza caerulescens
gracilis
Gavio-pernilongo
Crane Hawk
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Famlia Pandionidae
Pandion haliaetus
guia-pescadora
Osprey
Falconidae
Herpetotheres cachinnans
Acau
Laughing Falcon
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Micrastur semitorquatus
semitorquatus
Gavio-relgio
Collared Florest-Falcon
Micrastur ruficollis
ruficollis
Gavio-cabur
Barred Florest-Falcon
Milvago chimachima
chimachima
Carrapateiro
Yellow-headed Caracara
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Caracara plancus
Caracar
Crested Caracara
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Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Galliformes
Cracidae
Penelope superciliaris
jacupemba
Jacupemba
Rusty-margined Guan
Gruiformes
Famlia Aramidae
Aramus guarauna
guarauna
Caro (Limpkin)
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Rallidae
Pardirallus nigricans
nigricans
Saracura-san
Blackish Rail
Pardirallus maculatus
maculatus
Saracura-carij
Spotted Rail
Amaurolimnas concolor
castaneus
Foto.: Rolf
Saracurinha-da-mata
Uniform Crake
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Aramides mangle
Saracura-da-praia
Little Wood-Rail
Aramides cajanea
cajanea
Trs-potes
Gray-necked Wood-Rail
Porzana albicollis
albicollis
San-carij
Ash-throated Crake
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Laterallus melanophaius
melanophaius
Pinto-dgua-comum
Rufus-side Crake
Neocrex erythrops
olivacens
Turuturu
Paint-billed Crake
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Porphyriops melanops
melanops
Frango-d gua-carij
Spot-flanked Gallinule
Gallinula chloropus
galeata
Frango -d gua
Common Gallinule
Porphyrula flavirostris
Frango-d gua-pequeno
Azure Gallinule
Foto.: Rolf
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Porphyrula martinica
Frango d gua-azul
Purple Gallinule
Heliornithidae
Heliornis fulica
Picaparra
Sangrebe
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Charadriiformes
Charadriiformes
Jacanidae
Jacana jacana jacana
Jaan
Wattled Jacana
Rostratulidae
Nycticryphes semicollaris
Narceja-de-bico-torto
South American paintedSnipe
Foto.: Rolf
Haematopodidae
Haematopus palliatus
palliatus
Piru-piru
American Oystercatcher
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Charadriidae
Vanellus chilensis
lampronotus
Quero-quero
Southern Lapwing
Pluvialis squatarola
Batuirau-de-axila-preta
Black-pollied Plover
Pluvialis dominica
Batuiruu
Lesser Golder Plover
Foto.: Haroldo
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Charadrius semipalmatus
Batura-norteamericana
Semipalmated Plover
Charadrius collaris
Batura-de-coleira
Collared Plover
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Scolopacidae
Arenaria interpres
morinella
Vira-pedra
Ruddy Turnstone
Tringa flavipes
Maarico-de-pernaamarela
Lesser yellow-leg
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Tringa melanoleuca
Maarico-grande-deperna-amarela
Greater yellow-leg
Actitis macularia
Maarico-pintado
Spotted Sandpiper
Catoptrophorus
semipalmatus
semipalmatus
Maarico-de-asa-branca
Willet
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Calidris minutilla
Maariquinho
Least Sandpiper
Calidris fuscicollis
Maarico-de-sobrebranco
White-rumped Sandpiper
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Calidris melanotos
Maarico-de-colete
Pectoral Sandpiper
406
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Calidris pusilla
Maarico-mido
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Calidris Alba
Maarico-branco
Sanderling
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Numenius phaeopus
hudsonicus
Maarico-de-bico-torto
Whimbrel
Limnodromus griseus
griseus
Narceja-de-costasbrancas
Short-billed Dowitcher
Gallinago undulata
gigantea
Narcejo
Giant Snipe
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Gallinago paraguaiae
paraguaiae
Narceja
Paraguay Snipe
Recurvirostridae
Himantopus mexicanus
Pernilongo
Black-necked Stilt
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STERCORARIIDAE
Catharacta antarctica
antarctica
Gaivota-rapineiragrande
Antarctic Skua
Catharacta chilensis
Gaivota-rapineirachilena
Chilean Skua
Foto.: Haroldo
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Catharacta maccormicki
Gaivota-rapineira-do-sul
South Polar Skua
Stercorarius parasiticus
Gaivota-rapineiracomum
Artic Skua
Stercorarius longicaudus
Gaivota-rapineira-decauda-comprida
Long-tailed Skua
Foto.: Rolf
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Stercorarius pomarinus
Gaivota-rapineirapomarina
Pomarine Jaeger
Laridae
Larus dominicanus
Gaivoto
Kelp Gull
Sternidae
Sterna hirundinacea
Trinta-ris-de-bicovermelho
South American Tern
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Sterna paradisaea
Trinta-ris-rtico
Arctic Tern
Foto.: Rolf
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Sterna superciliaris
Trinta-ris-ano
Yellow-billed Tern
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Sterna antilarum
Trinta-ris-mido
Least Tern
Thalasseus eurygnatha
Trinta-ris-de-bicoamarelo
Cayenne Tern
Thalasseus sandvicensis
Trinta-ris-de-bando
Sandwich Tern
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Columbiformes
Columba speciosa
Pomba-trocal
Scaled Pigeon
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Columba picazuro
marginalis
Asa-branca
Picazuro Pigeon
Columba cayennensis
Pomba-galega
Pale-vented Pigeon
Columbina passerina
griseola
Rolinha-cinzenta
Ground-Dove
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Columbina minuta
Rolinha-de-asa-canela
Plain-breasted GroundDove
Columbina picui
strepitans
Rolinha-branca
Picui Ground-Dove
Columbina talpacoti
talpacoti
Rolinha-roxa
Ruddy Ground-Dove
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Scardafella squammata
squammata
Fogo-apagou
Scaled Dove
Leptotila verreauxi
approximans
Juriti-pupu
White-tipped Dove
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Geotrygon montana
montana
Pariri
uddy Quail-Dove
Psittacidae
Psittacidae
Psittacidae
Diopsittaca nobilis
cumanensis
Maracan-nobre
Red-shouldered Macaw
Aratinga leucophthalmus
leucophthalmus
Maracan-malhada
White-eyed Parakeet
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Aratinga auricapilla
auricapilla
Jandaia-de-testavermelha
Golden-capped Parakeet
Aratinga jandaya
Aratinga-verdadeiro
Jandaya Parakeet
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Forpus crssirotris
flavissemos
Tuim
Blue-winged Parrotlet
Forpus crssirotris
flavissemos
Tuim
Blue-winged Parrotlet
Touit surda
Apuim-de-caudaamarela
Golden-tailed parrotlet
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Brotogeris tirica
Periquito-rico
Plain Parakeet
Brotogeris versicolurus
Periquito-de-asa-branca
Canary-winged Parakeet
Pionus maximiliani
maximiliani
Maitaca-bronzeada
Scaly-headed Parrot
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Brotogeris chiriri
Periquito-de-encontroamarelo
Chevroned Parakeet
Touit melanonota
Apuim-de-caudavermelha
Black-eared Parrotlet
Foto.: Rolf
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Amazona rhodocorytha
Chau
Red-browed Parrot
Amazona amazonica
amazonica
Papagaio-do-mangue
Orange-winged Parrot
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Cuculiformes
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae
Crotophaga ani
Anu-preto
Smooth-billed Ani
Guira guira
Anu-branco
Guira Cuckoo
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Strigiformes
Strigiformes
Tytonidae
Glaucidium brasilianum
brasilianum
Cabur
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
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Glaucidium
minutissimum
Cabur-miudinho
Least Pygmy-owl
Aegolius harrisii
Cabur-acanelado
Buff-fronted Owl
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Pulsatrix perspicillata
pulsatrix
Mucurututu
Spectacled Owl
Rhinoptynx clamator
clamator
Coruja-orelhuda
Striped Owl
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Speotyto cunicularia
grallaria
Coruja-do-campo
Burrowing Owl
Bubo virginianus
macurutu
Jacurutu
Great Horned Owl
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Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Famlia Nyctibiidae
Nyctibius griseus griseus
Urutau
Common Potoo
Nyctibius leucopterus
Urutau-de-asa-branca
White-winged Potoo
Famlia
Caprimulgidae
Chordeiles pusillus
pusillus
Bacurauzinho
Least Nighthawk
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Chordeiles pusillus
pusillus
Bacurauzinho
Least Nighthawk
Podager nacunda
Curuco
Nacunda Nighthawk
Nyctidromus albicollis
albicollis
Bacurau
Pauraque
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Caprimulgus parvulus
parvulus
Bacurau-pequeno
Little Nightjar
Hydropsalis torquata
Bacurau-tesoura
Long-traiden Nightjar
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Hydropsalis torquata
Bacurau-tesoura
Long-traiden Nightjar
Apodiformes
Apodiformes
Famlia Apodidae
Chaetura meridionalis
Andorinha-do-temporal
Ashy-tailed Swift
Panyptila cayennensis
Andorinho-estofador
Lesser Swallow-tailed
Swift
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Anthracothorax nigricollis
nigricollis
Beija-flor-de-veste-preta
White-vented Violetear
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Anthracothorax nigricollis
nigricollis
Beija-flor-de-veste-preta
White-vented Violetear
Eupetomena macroura
simoni
Beija-flor-tesoura
Swallow-tailed
Hummingbird
Chrysolampis mosquitus
Beija-flor-vemelho
Ruby-topaza
Hummingbird
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Chrysolampis mosquitus
Beija-flor-vemelho
Ruby-topaza
Hummingbird
Chlorestes notatus
notatus
Beija-flor-de-gargantaazul
Blue-Chinned Saphire
Chlorestes notatus
notatus
Beija-flor-de-gargantaazul
Blue-Chinned Saphire
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Chlorostilbon
aureoventris pucherani
Besourinho-de-bicovermelho
Glittering-billied Emerald
Chlorostilbon
aureoventris pucherani
Besourinho-de-bicovermelho
Glittering-billied Emerald
Thalurania glaucopis
Tesoura-de-fonte-violeta
Violet-capped
Woodnymph
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Thalurania glaucopis
Tesoura-de-fonte-violeta
Violet-capped
Woodnymph
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Heliothrix aurita
auriculata
Beija-flor-de-bochechaazul
Black-eared Fairy
Foto.: Rolf
Heliothrix aurita
auriculata
Beija-flor-de-bochechaazul
Black-eared Fairy
Amazilia versicolor
versicolor
Beija-flor-de-bandabranca
Versicolored Emerald
Foto.: Rolf
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Famlia Trochilidae
Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta
Balana-rabo-de-bicotorto
Rufous-breasted Hermit
Amazilia leucogaster
bahiae
Beija-flor-de-barrigabranca
Plain-billed Emerald
Amazilia nigricauda
Beija-flor-de-gargantaverde
Glittering-throated
Emerald
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Heliactin bilophus
Chifre-de-ouro
Horned Sungem
Heliactin bilophus
Chifre-de-ouro
Horned Sungem
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Trogoniformes
Trogoniformes
Famlia Trogonidae
Trogon curucui curucui
Surucu-de-barrigavermelha
Blue-crowned Trogon
Famlia Trogonidae
Trogon curucui curucui
Surucu-de-barrigavermelha
Blue-crowned Trogon
Trogon viridis
melanopterus
Surucu-de-barrigaamarela
(Black-throated Trogon)
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Coraciiformes
Coraciiformes
Alcedinidae
Foto.: Rolf
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Chloroceryle amazona
amazona
Martim-pescador-verde
Amazon kingfisher
Chloroceryle americana
americana
Martim-pescadorpequeno
Green Kingfisher
Chloroceryle americana
americana
Martim-pescadorpequeno
Green Kingfisher
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Piciformes
Piciformes
Galbulidae
Galbula ruficauda
rufoviridis
Bico-de-agulha-de-rabovermelho
Rufous-tailed jacamar
Galbula ruficauda
rufoviridis
Bico-de-agulha-de-rabovermelho
Rufous-tailed jacamar
Bucconidae
Bucco maculatus
maculatus
Rapazinho-dos-velhos
Spot-backed Puffbird
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Aves
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Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Chelidoptera tenebrosa
brasiliensis
Urubuzinho
Swallow-wing
Ramphastidae
Pteroglossus aracari
aracari
Araari-de-bico-branco
Black-necked Aracari
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Ramphastos vitellinus
ariel
Tucano-de-bico-preto
Channel-billed Toucan
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Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Picidae
Celeus flavescens
intercedens
Pica-pau-de-cabeaamarela
Blond-creted Woodpecker
Picumnus pygmaeus
pygmaeus
Pica-pau-anopintalgado
Spotted Piculet
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Colaptes campestris
campestris
Pica-pau-do-campo
Campo Flicker
Colaptes melanochloros
nattereri
Pica-pau-verde-barrado
Green-barred
Woodpecker
Campephilus
melanoleucos cearae
Pica-pau-de-topetevermelho
Crimson-crested
Woodpecker
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Veniliornis passerinus
taenionotus
Pica-pauzinho-ano
Little Woodpecker
Veniliornis passerinus
taenionotus
Pica-pauzinho-ano
Little Woodpecker
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Passeriformes
Passeriformes
Suboscines
Rhinocryptidae
Entufado-baiano
(Stresemanns
Bristlefront)
Foto.: Rolf
Merulaxis stresemanni
Scytalopus indigoticus
Foto.: Rolf
Macuquinho
White-breasted Tapaculo
Famlia Formicariidae
Taraba major stagurus
Chor-boi
Great Antshrike
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Famlia Formicariidae
Taraba major stagurus
Chor-boi
Great Antshrike
Thamnophilus palliatus
palliatus
Choca-listrada
Lined Antshrike
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Thamnophilus pelzeni
Choca-bate-cabo
Northern Slaty-antshrike
Thamnophilus pelzeni
Choca-bate-cabo
Northern Slaty-antshrike
Thamnophilus torquatus
Choca-de-asa-vermelha
Rufous-capped Antshrike
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Thamnomanes caesius
caesius
Ipecu
Cinereous Antshrike
Thamnomanes caesius
caesius
Ipecu
Cinereous Antshrike
Myrmotherula axillaris
luctuosa
Choquinha-de-flancobranco
White-Flanked Antwren
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Myrmotherula axillaris
luctuosa
Choquinha-de-flancobranco
White-Flanked Antwren
Herpsilochmus
rufimarginatus scapularis
Foto.: Haroldo
Chorozinho-de-asavermelha
Rufous-wiged Antwren
Herpsilochmus pileatus
pileatus
Chorozinho-de-bon
Bahia Antwren
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Herpsilochmus pileatus
pileatus
Chorozinho-de-bon
Bahia Antwren
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Drymophila squamata
Pintadinho
Dusky-Tailed Antbird
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Drymophila squamata
Pintadinho
Dusky-Tailed Antbird
(macho / femea)
Pyriglena atra
Olho-de-fogo-rendado
Backed Fire-eye
Pyriglena atra
Olho-de-fogo-rendado
Backed Fire-eye
Foto.: Rolf
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Formicarius colma
ruficeps
Galinha-do-mato
Rufous-capped Antthrush
Conopophagidae
Conopophaga melanops
nigrifrons
Cuspidor-mascarado
Black-cheeked Gnateater
Conopophagidae
Conopophaga melanops
nigrifrons
Cuspidor-mascarado
Black-cheeked Gnateater
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Grallaria varia
intercedens
Tovacu-malhado
Variegated Antpitta
460
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Famlia Furnariidae
Furnarius rufus
Joo-de-barro
Rufous Hornero
Furnarius leucopus
assimilis
Casaca-de-couroamarelo
Pale-legeed Hornero
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Synallaxis frontalis
frontalis
Petrim
Sooty-fronted Spinatail
Synallaxis albescens
albescens
Uip
Pale-breasted Spinetail
Synallaxis scutatus
scutatus
Estrelinha-preta
Ocher-cheeked Spinetail
461
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462
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Certhiaxis cinnamomea
cearensis
Curuti
Yellow-chinned Spinetai
Phacellodomus rufifrons
rufifrons
Joo-de-pau
Common Thornbird
Pseudoseisura cristata
Casaca-de-couro
Rufous Cacholote
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Automolus
leucophthalmus
leucophthalmus
Barranqueiro-de-olhobranco
White-eyed foliagegleaner
Dendrocolaptidae
463
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Dendrocincla turdina
Arapau-liso
Thrush-like Woodcreeper
Sittasomus griseicapillus
olivaceus
Arapau-verde
Olivaceous Woodcreeper
Glyphorhynchus spirurus
cuneatus
Arapau-de-bico-decunha
Wedge-billed
Woodcreeper
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Xiphorhynchus picus
bahiae
Arapau-de-bico-branco
Straight-billed
Woodcreeper
Xiphorhynchus guttatus
guttatus
Arapac-de-gargantaamarela
Buff-throated
Woodcreeper
Lepidocolaptes
angustirostris bahiae
Arapau-do-cerrado
Narrow-billed
Woodcreeper
465
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466
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Dendrocolaptes
platyrostris intermedius
Arapau-grande
Lepidocolaptes fuscus
tenuirostris
Arapau-rajado
Lesser Woodcreeper
Tyrannidae
Camptostoma obsoletum
Risadinha
Southern BeardlessTyrannulet
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Phaeomyias murina
murina
Bagageiro
Mouse-colored Tyrannulet
Myiopagis viridicata
viridicata
Greenish Elaenia
Elaenia flavogaster
flavogaster
Guaracava-de-barrigaamarela
Yellow-bellied Elaenia
467
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Elaenia spectabilis
spectabilis
Guaracava-grande
Large Elaenia
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Mionectes oleagineus
oleagineus
Abre-asas
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher
Leptopogon
amaurocephalus
amaurocephalus
Cabeudo
Sepia-capped Flycatcher
Capsiempis flaveola
flaveola
Marianinha-amarela
Yellow Tyrannulet
469
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Myiornis auricularis
Miudinho
Eared Pygmy-Tyrant
Foto.: Rolf
470
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Hemitriccus striaticollis
Sebinho-rajado-amarelo
Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant
Hemitriccus
margaritaceiventer
Sebinho-de-olho-deouro
Pearly-vented tody-Tyrant
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Hemitriccus nidipendulus
nidipendulus
Tachuri-campainha
Hangnest Tody-Tyrant
Todirostrum cinereum
cearae
Relgio
Commom TodyFlycatcher
Todirostrum fumifrons
fumifrons
Ferreirinho-de-testaparda
Smoky-fronted TodyFlycatcher
471
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Euscarthmus meloryphus
meloryphus
Barulhento
Pygmy-Tyrant
Rhynchocyclus olivaceus
Bico-chato-grande
Olivaceous Flatbill
Tolmomyias flaviventris
flaviventris
Bico-chato-amarelo
Yellow-breasted Flycatcer
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Tolmomyias
poliocephalus
Foto.: Rolf
Bico-chato
Grey-Crowned Flycatcher
Platyrinchus mystaceus
mystaceus
Patinho
White-throated Spadebill
Myiobius barbatus
mastacalis
Assanhadinho
Sulphur-rumped
Flycatcher
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Myiophobus fasciatus
Felipe
Bran-colored Flycatcher
Foto.: Haroldo
474
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Pyrocephalus rubinus
rubinus
Vero
Vermilion Flycatcher
Lessonia rufa
Colegial
Austral Negrito
Xolmis cinerea
Maria-branca
Gray Montija
475
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476
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Fluvicola albiventer
Lavadeira-de-carabranca
Pied Water-Tyrant
Fluvicola nengeta
nengeta
Lavadeira-mascarada
Masked Water-tyrant
Fluvicola leucocephala
Freirinha
White-headed-Tyrant
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Fluvicola leucocephala
Freirinha
White-headed-Tyrant
Satrapa icterophrys
icterophrys
Suiriri-pequeno
Yellow-browed Tyrant
Machetornis rixosus
Bentevi-do-gado
Cattle Tyrant
477
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478
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Hirundinea belicosa
Gibo-de-couro
Cliff Flycatcher
Rhytipterna simplex
Vissi
Grayish Mourner
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Myiarchus tyrannulus
bahiae
Maria-cavaleira-de-rabo
enferrujado
Brown-crested Flycatcher
Myiarchus tuberculifer
tuberculifer
Maria-cavaleirapequena
Dusky -capped Flycatcher
Pitangus sulphuratus
maximillian
Bem-te-vi
Great Kiskadee
479
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Megarhynchus pitangua
pitangua
Bem-te-vi-de-bico-chato
Boat-billed Flycatcher
Myiodynastes maculatus
solitarius
Bem-te-vi-rajado
Streaked Flycatcher
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Empidonomus varius
rufinus
Peitica
Varigated Flycatcher
Legatus leucophaius
Bem-te-vi-pirata
Piratic Flycatcher
481
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Tyrannus melancholicus
melancholicus
Suiriri
Tropical Kingbird
Tyrannus albogularis
albogularis
Suiriri-de-gargantabranca
White-throated kingbird
Foto.: Rolf
482
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Pachyramphus viridis
viridis
Caneleiro-verde
Green-backed Becard
Pachyramphus
polychopterus
polychopterus
Caneleiro-preto
White-winged Becard
Pachyramphus
polychopterus
polychopterus
Caneleiro-preto
White-winged Becard
483
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484
Pipridae
Pipra rubrocapilla
Cabea-encarnada
Red-headed Manakin
Pipra rubrocapilla
Cabea-encarnada
Red-headed Manakin
Chiroxiphia pareola
pareola
Tangar-falso
Blue-backed Manakin
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Manacus manacus
gutturosus
Rendeira
White-bearded Manakin
Manacus manacus
gutturosus
Rendeira
White-bearded Manakin
Machaeropterus regulus
regulus
Tangar-rajado
Striped Manakin
485
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486
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Machaeropterus regulus
regulus
Tangar-rajado
Striped Manakin
Neopelma pallescens
Fruxu-do-cerrado
Pale-bellied Tyrantmanakin
Schiffornis turdinus
turdinus
Flautim
Trush-like Schiffornis
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Cotingidae
Xipholena atropurpurea
Anamb-de-asa-branca
White-winged Cotinga
Lipaugus vociferans
Cricri
Screaming Piha
487
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488
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Procnias nudicollis
Araponga
Bare-throated Bellbird
Procnias nudicollis
Araponga
Bare-throated Bellbird
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Passeriformes
Passeriformes
Oscines
Hirundinidae
Tachycineta albiventer
Andorinha-do-rio
White-winged Swallow
Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Andorinha-de-sobre
-branco
White-rumped Swallow
Phaeoprogne tapera
fusca
Andorinha-do-campo
Brown-chested Martin
489
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490
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Phaeoprogne tapera
tapera
Andorinha-do-campo
Brown-chested Martin
Progne chalybea
domesticus
Andorinha-domsticagrande
Gray-breasted Martin
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
cyanoleuca
Andorinha-pequena-decasa
Blue-and-White Swallow
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Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
ruficollis
Andorinha-serrador
Southern Rough-winged
Swallow
Hirundo rustica
erythrogaster
Andorinha-de-bando
American Barn Swallow
Corvidae
Cyanocorax cyanopogon
Canc
White-napped Lay
491
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Troglodytidae
Donacobius atricapillus
atricapillus
Japacamim
Black-capped Donacobius
Thryothorus genibarbis
genibarbis
Garrincho-pai-av
Moustached Wren
Troglodytes musculus
musculus
Currura
House Wren
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Muscicapidae
Subfamlia
Sylviinae
Ramphocaenus
melanurus
Bico-assovelado
Long-billed Gnatwren
Polioptila plumbea
atricapilla
Balana-rabo-e-chapeupreto
Tropical Ganatcher
Subfamlia Turdinae
Platycichla flavipes
flavipes
Sabi-da-mata
Yellow-legged Thrush
493
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Subfamlia Turdinae
Platycichla flavipes
flavipes
Sabi-da-mata
Yellow-legged Thrush
Turdus subalaris
Sabi-ferreiro
Eastern Slaty-Thrush
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Turdus leucomelas
albiventer
Sabi-branco
Pale-breasted Thrush
Turdus amaurochalinus
Sabi-poca
Creamy-billed Thrush
495
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Turdus albicollis
crotopezus
Sabi-de-coleira
White-necked Thrush
Mimidae
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Motacillidae
Anthus lutescens
Caminheiro-zumbidor
Yellowish Pipit
Vireonidae
Cyclarhis gujanensis
cearensis
Pitiguari
Rufous-browed
Peppershrike
497
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Hylophilus
amaurocephalus
Vite-vitae-de-olho-cinza
Gray-eyed Greenlet
Emberizidae
Subfamlia
Parulinae
Parula pitiayumi
pitiayumi
Mariquita
Geothlypis aequinoctialis
velata
Pia-cobra
Southern Yellowthroat
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Basileuterus flaveolus
Canrio-do-mato
Flavescent Warbler
Subfamlia
Coerebinae
Coereba flaveola
chloropyga
Cambacica
Bananaquit
Subfamlia
Thraupinae
Schistochlamys
ruficapillus capistratus
Bico-de-veludo
Cinamon Tanager
499
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500
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Sericossypha loricata
Carreto
Scarlet-Throated Tanager
Cypsnagra hirundinacea
hirundinacea
Bandolete
White-Rumped Tanager
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Thlypopsis sordida
sordida
Canrio-sap
Orange-headed Tanager
Hemithraupis ruficapilla
Foto.: Rolf
Sara-de-papo-preto
Rufous-headed Tanager
Hemithraupis flavicollis
melanoxantha
Sara-galega
Yellow-Backed Tanager
501
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502
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Tachyphonus cristatus
brunneus
Ti-galo
Flame-crested Tanager
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Tachyphonus cristatus
brunneus
Ti-galo
Flame-crested Tanager
Tachyphonus rufus
Pipira-preta
White-lined Tanager
Tachyphonus rufus
Pipira-preta
White-lined Tanager
503
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504
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Ramphocelus bresilius
bresilius
Ti-sangue
Brazilian Tanager
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Ramphocelus bresilius
bresilius
Ti-sangue
Brazilian Tanager
Thraupis palmarum
palmarum
Sanhao-do-coqueiro
Palm Tanager
505
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506
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Euphonia chlorotica
chlorotica
Fi-fi-verdadeiro
Purple-Throated
Euphonia
Euphonia chlorotica
chlorotica
Fi-fi-verdadeiro
Purple-Throated
Euphonia
Euphonia violacea
auranticollis
Gaturamo-verdadeiro
Violaceous Ephonia
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Euphonia violacea
auranticollis
Gaturamo-verdadeiro
Violaceous Ephonia
507
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508
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Tangara mexicana
brasiliensis
Cambada-de-chaves
Turquoise Tanager
Tangara velia
Sara-diamante
Opal-Rumped Tanager
Dacnis cayana
paraguaiensis
Sa-azul
Blue Dacnis
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Dacnis cayana
paraguaiensis
Sa-azul
Blue Dacnis
509
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510
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Conirostrum speciosum
speciosum
Figuinha-de-rabocastanho
Chestnut-Vented Conebill
Conirostrum speciosum
speciosum
Figuinha-de-rabocastanho
Chestnut-Vented Conebill
Conirostrum bicolor
bicolor
Figuinha-do-mangue
Bicolored Conebill
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Conirostrum bicolor
bicolor
Figuinha-do-mangue
Bicolored Conebill
511
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512
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Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Subfamlia
Emberizinae
Zonotrichia capensis
matutina
Tico-tico
Rufous-collared
Ammodromus humeralis
humeralis
Tico-tico-do-campoverdadeiro
Grassland Sparrow
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513
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514
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Emberizoides herbicola
Canrio-do-campo
Wedge-Tailed Grass-Finch
Sporophila nigricollis
nigricollis
Papa-capim
Yellow-Billied Seedeater
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Sporophila nigricollis
nigricollis
Papa-capim
Yellow-Billied Seedeater
Sporophila ardesiaca
Papa-capim-de-barrigabranca
Duboiss Seedeater
Sporophila caerulescens
hellmayri
Coleirinho
Double-Collared
Seedeater
515
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516
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Sporophila albogularis
Brejal
White-Throated Seedeater
Sporophila albogularis
Brejal
White-Throated Seedeater
Sporophila bouvreuil
bouvreuil
Caboclinho
Capped Seedeater
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Sporophila leucoptera
cinereola
Choro
White-Belled Seedeater
Sporophila leucoptera
cinereola
Choro
White-Belled Seedeater
517
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518
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Sporophila angolensis
angolensis
Curi
Lesser Seed-Finch
Sporophila angolensis
angolensis
Curi
Lesser Seed-Finch
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Arremon taciturnus
taciturnus
Tico-tico-da-mata-debico-preto
Pectoral Sparrow
Coryphospingus pileatus
pileatus
Galinho-da-serra
Gray Pileated-Finch
519
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520
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Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Coryphospingus pileatus
pileatus
Galinho-da-serra
Gray Pileated-Finch
Paroaria dominicana
Galo-de-campina
Red-cowled Cardinal
Subfamlia
Cardinalinae
Caryothraustes
canadensis brasiliensis
Furriel
Yellow-green Grosbeak
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Saltator fuliginosus
Pimento
Black-throated Grosbeak
Saltator maximus
maximus
Tempera-viola
Buff-throated Saltator
521
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522
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Cyanoloxia
glaucocaerulea
Azulinho
Indigo Grosbeak
Passerina brissonii
brissonii
Azulo-verdadeiro
Ultramarine Grosbeak
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Passerina brissonii
brissonii
Azulo-verdadeiro
Ultramarine Grosbeak
Porphyrospiza
caerulescens
Campanhia-azul
Blue Finch
Porphyrospiza
caerulescens
Campanhia-azul
Blue Finch
523
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524
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Subfamlia
Icterinae
Cacicus haemorrhous
affini
Guaxe
Red-rumped Cacique
Icterus jamacaii
Sofr
Troupial
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Agelaius ruficapillus
frontalis
Garibaldi
Chestnut-capped
Blackbird
Agelaius ruficapillus
frontalis
Garibaldi
Chestnut-capped
Blackbird
525
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526
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Leistes superciliaris
Polcia-inglesa
White-browed Blackbird
Leistes superciliaris
Polcia-inglesa
White-browed Blackbird
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Molothrus bonariensis
bonariensis
Chopim
Shiny Cowbird
Molothrus bonariensis
bonariensis
Chopim
Shiny Cowbird
Molothrus badius
Asa-de-telha
Bay-Winged Cowbird
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527
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528
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Aves
Litoral
Norte
Aves
dodo
Litoral
Norte
Famlia Passeridae
Passer domesticus
domesticus
Pardal
House Sparrow
Famlia Passeridae
Passer domesticus
domesticus
Pardal
House Sparrow
Famlia Estrildidae
Estrilda astrild astrild
Bico-de-lacre
Common Waxbill
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Fringillidae
Carduelis yarrellii
Pintassilgo-do-nordeste
Yellow-Faced Siskin
Carduelis magellanicus
icterica
Pintassilgo
Hooded Siskin
Carduelis magellanicus
icterica
Pintassilgo
Hooded Siskin
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529
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530
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Pranchas ninhos
nest tables
Aves do Litoral Norte
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531
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532
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Tinamiformes
Rhynchotus rufescens
Nothura maculosa
Podicipediformes
Tachybaptus dominicus
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Spheniscidae
Spenischus magellanicus
Procellariiformes
Calonectris borealis
Pelicaniformes
Phaethon aethereus
aethereu
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Sula leucogaster
leucogaster
Phalacrocorax
bransfieldensis
Foto.: Haroldo
534
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Ciconiformes
Egretta thula
Nyctanassa violacea
535
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536
Nycticorax nycticorax
Igrisoma lineatum
marmoratum
Coragyps atratus
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Anseriformes
Dendrocygna autumnalis
Dendrocygna viduata
Anas bahamensis
bahamensis
537
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538
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Cairina moschata
Falconiformes
Gampsonyx swainsonii
swainsonii
Rostrhamus sociabilis
sociabilis
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Buteo albicaudatus
Rupornis magnirostris
nattareri
Parabuteo unicinctus
unicinctus
539
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540
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Caracara plancus
Falco sparverius
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Galliformes
Gruiformes
Laterallus melanophaius
Aramides mangle
541
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542
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Aramides cajanea
cajanea
Gallinula chloropus
galeata
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Aramus guarauna
guarauna
Charadriiformes
Sterna superciliaris
Charadrius wilsonia
Subespcie nova em
descrio
543
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544
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Larus dominicanus
Himantopus himantopus
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Gallinago paraguaiae
Haematopus palliatus
545
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546
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Thalasseus eurygnatha
Sterna hirundinacea
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Columbiformes
Columba cayennensis
Leptotila verreauxi
approximans
547
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548
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Columbina picui
strepitans
Columbina passerina
Scardafella squammata
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Columbina minuta
Columbina talpacoti
talpacoti
Columba picazuro
marginalis
549
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550
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Psittacimormes
Aratinga auricapilla
auricapilla
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551
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Amazona amazonica
amazonica
Cuculiformes
Guira guira
Crotophaga ani
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551
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552
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Strigiformes
Speotyto cunicularia
grallaria
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553
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Cover
Glaucidium brasilianum
brasilianum
Aegolius harrsii
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553
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554
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Caprimulgiformes
Chordeiles pusillus
pusillus
Nyctidromus albicollis
albicollis
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554
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Apodiformes
Heliactin bilophus
Chlorostilbon
aureoventris puucherani
555
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556
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Chrysolampis mosquitus
Eupetomena macroura
simoni
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557
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Cover
Panyptila cayennensis
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557
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558
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Cover
Coraciiformes
Ceryle torquata torquata
Piciformes
Picumnus pygmaeus
distinctus
Campephilus
melanoleucos cearae
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559
Bucco maculatus
maculatus
Bucco maculatus
maculatus
Colaptes campestris
campestris
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Cover
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Indice
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PGINA
PGINA
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SEGUINTE
559
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560
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Front
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Cover
Passeriformes
Porphyrospiza
caerulescens
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561
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Cover
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561
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562
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Front
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Cover
Machaeropterus regulus
regulus
Fluvicola leucocephala
Tachycineta albiventer
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562
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Icterus jamacaii
Furnarius leucopus
assimilis
Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
cyanoleuca
563
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564
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Machetornis rixosus
Coryphospingus pileatus
pileatus
Hemitriccus
margaritaceiventer
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Thamnophilus palliatus
palliatus
Certhiaxis cinnamomea
cearensis
Troglodytes musculus
musculus
565
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566
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Euphonia chlorotica
chlorotica
Cyclarhis gujanensis
cearensis
Ramphocaenus
melanurus
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Todirostrum cinereum
cearae
Zonotrichia capensis
matutina
Tyrannus melancholicus
melancholicus
567
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Fluvicola nengeta
nengeta
Pachyramphus viridis
viridis
568
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Xiphorhynchus picus
bahiae
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Cyanocorax cyanopogon
Synallaxis frontalis
frontalis
569
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570
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Cypsnagra hirundinacea
hirundinacea
Conirostrum bicolor
bicolor
Elaenia spectabilis
spectabilis
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Sporophila albogularis
571
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572
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Pachyramphus
polychopterus
polychopterus
Pyrocephalus rubinus
rubinus
Schistochlamys
ruficapillus capistratus
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Pseudoseisura cristata
Camptostoma obsoletum
573
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574
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Sporophila bouvreuil
bouvreuil
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Tachyphonus rufus
Coereba flaveola
chloropyga
575
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576
Polioptila plumbea
atricapilla
Cacicus haemorrhous
affin
Hylophilus
amaurocephalus
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Lepidocolaptes
angustirostris bahiae
Passer domesticus
domesticus
577
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578
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Molothrus bonariensis
bonariensis
Euphonia violacea
auranticollis
Megarhynchus pitangua
pitangua
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Ramphocelus bresilius
bresilius
Turdus leucomelas
albiventer
Phacellodomus rufifrons
rufifrons
579
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Polioptila plumbea
atricapilla
Agelaius ruficapillus
frontalis
580
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581
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Tolmomyias flaviventris
flaviventris
Thryothorus genibarbis
genibarbis
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581
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582
Sporophila nigricollis
nigricollis
Elaenia flavogaster
flavogaster
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583
Thraupis palmarum
palmarum
Synallaxis scutatus
scutatus
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583
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584
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Sporophila leucoptera
cinereola
Furnarius rufus
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585
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Paroaria dominicana
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585
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586
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Pitangus sulphuratus
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586
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587
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588
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OUTROS ANIMAIS
OTHER ANIMALS
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589
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590
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Herpailurus yagouarondi
Felis tigrina
Callithrix penicillata
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Cebus apella
591
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592
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Artibius jamaicensis
Artibius planirostris
Carollia p. perspicillata
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Glossophaga soricina
Lionycteris spurrelli
Noctilio leporinus
593
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594
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Saccopteryx bilineata
Artibeus p. planirostris
Iguana iguana
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Boa constrictor
Bothrops leucurus
Caiman yacare
595
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596
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Chironius flavolineatus
Crotalus durissus
Drymarchoron corais
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Echynanthera occiptolis
Eunectes murinus
Waglerophis merrim
597
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598
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Geochelone carbonaria
Gymnodactylus g amaral
Phylloctylus mabuia
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Tupinambis teguxin
Caluromys philandes
CAPIVARA
599
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600
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Chaetomys subspinosus
Coendou insidiosus
Dasyprocta sp
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Didelphis albiventris
Hidrochoerus
hidrochaeris
capivara Hydrochaeris
hydrochaeris
601
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602
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Monodelphis americana
marsupial
Tayassu tajacu
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Sciurus aestuans
Silvilagus brasiliensis
Nassua nassua
603
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604
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Tamandua tetradactyla
Dasypus novemcinctus
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Referncia Bibliogrfica
Reading List
Belton, W. (1982). Aves silvestres do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Fundao Zoobotnica
do Rio Grande do Sul
Belton, W. (2000). Aves do Rio Grande do Sul: distribuio e biologia. Editora Unissinos.
Catela, C. (1976). Morte na praia. Revista Veja, N. 28.
Bencke, G. A. & G. N. Maurcio 2002. Programa de IBAs no Brasil. Fase I.
Relatrio Final. (Goerck, J.M., D. Wege & A. Estrada, coords) BirdLife
International.
Fiuza, A. C. (1999) A avifauna da Caatinga do estado da Bahia composio e
distribuio. Texto e notas adicionais de Deodato Souza. Feira de Santana:
Anor, Articulao Nordestina de Ornitologia.
Granadeiro, J. P. and M. A. Silva (1991). Resultados da campanha de inspees costeiras
para deteco de aves marinhas mortas no litoral continental portugus (1990/1991).
Airo Vol. 2 n. 2:29-33.
Granadeiro, J. P. Silva, M. A., Fernandes, C. & Reis, A. (1997). Recuentos de aves
orilladas em Portugal, 1990-1996. Ardeola 44: 9-17.
GRANTSAU, Rolf. (1989). Os beija-flores do Brasil. Editora Expresso e Cultura,
RJ. Hilty S. L. e W. L. Brown. 1986. Birds of Colombia. Princeton University
Press. Princeton, New Jersey.
GRANTSAU, Rolf. (1995). Os albatrozes (Diomedeidae, Procelariiformes) do Atlntico e
sua ocorrncia na costa brasileira e uma chave de identificao. Bol. CEO, N.12: 20-31.
GRANTSAU, Rolf. LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA,
Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha (2002). Charadrius crassirostris Spix,
1825 ma subespcie de Charadrius wilsonia com o nome vlido. In: X
CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA (X CBO) E VIII
ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ANILHADORES DE AVES (VIII ENAVE),
2002, Fortaleza. Resumos do X Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia.
Fortaleza, Cear: p. 170-171.
GRANTSAU, Rolf. LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos;
LIMA, Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha (2000). Nyctibius leucopterus: um
segundo exemplar redescoberto na Bahia, depois de 177 anos. In:
VIII CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA, Florianpolis.
Resumos do VIII Congresso
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Hays, H. and P. C. Lima (1997). Distribution of Roseate Terns along the coast of Brazil.
In:
Proceedings 7th Roseat Tern Workshop, 26-27 April, Horta, Azores, Portugal,
page 21.
Hays, H, P. C. Lima, L. Monteiro, J. DiCostanzo, G. Cormons, I. C. T. Nisbet, J. E. Silva,
J. A. Spendelow, J. Burger, J. Pierce and M. Gochfeld (1999). A Non-breeding
Concentration of Roseate and Common Terns in Bahia, Brasil. Journal of Field
Ornithology, vol. 70 ( 4 ): 455-464.
HAYS, Helen; NEVES, Vernica; LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (2002). Bandes Roseate
Terns from different continents trapped in the Azores. Journal of Field
Ornithology, USA, v. 73, n. 2, p. 180-184,
HAYS, Helen; CORMONS, Thomas; LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; BREMER, Ricardo;
CORMONS, Grace (2003). Following radio-tagged terns off Brazil and
Argentina. In: XXVII ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WATERBIRD
SOCIETY, 2003, Cuiab. Abstracts XXVII Annual Meeting of the Waterbird
Society. Cuiab, MT: p. 49.
HAYS, Helen; LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1997). Distribution of Roseate Terns along
the coast of Bahia. In: VII ROSEATE TERN WORKSHOP, Horta.
Proceedings. Horta, Aores, Portugal: p. 21.
HAYS, Helen; LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; MONTEIRO, Luis; DICOSTANZO, Joseph;
CORMONS, Grace; NISBET, Ian C T; SALIVA, Jorge E; PENDELOW,
Jeffrey A; BURGER, Joana; PIERCE, Judy; GOCHFELD, Michael (1999).
A nonbreeding concentration of roseat and common terns in Bahia, Brazil.
Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, n. 4, p. 455-464.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1991). Comportamento reprodutivo do Falco sparverius
em territrio baiano. In: XVIII CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ZOOLOGIA, 1991,
Salvador. Resumos do XVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia. Salvador, Bahia:
p. 381.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1991). A fauna existente na rea da Cetrel (Central de
Tratamento de Efluentes Lquidos Camaari, Bahia). A Tarde - Rural, Salvador,
Bahia. p. 12.05 dez.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1991). A gara-vaqueira. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador,
Bahia. 21 out.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1991).
O quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius). A Tarde - Rural (Ecologia), Salvador, Bahia. p.
12.28 nov.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1992). Aves observadas e citadas para a Ilha do Medo.
In: I SEMINTIO DE PESQUISA DA ESTAO ECOLGICA ILHA DO MEDO.
1992, Salvador. Salvador, Bahia.
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LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha; MEDEIROS, Celso G; BARRETO, Cid (1997). Reproduo
de Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) e Nycticorax nycticorax (Linaeus, 1758)
numa regio de caatinga e registro de alguns endemismos. In:
VI CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA, Belo Horizonte. Resumos do
VI Congresso
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (1997). A introduo de
ninhadas complementares em ninhos de Falco sparverius. In: VI
CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA, Belo Horizonte. Resumos do VI
Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia. Minas Gerais: p. 76.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha; MEDEIROS, Celso G; BARRETO, Cid; ALMEIDA, Joo
M. (1998). Manejo reprodutivo de Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) em
colnia de reproduo. In: VII CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA,
Rio de Janeiro. Resumos do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia. RJ:
p.100.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1998). O comportamento reprodutivo do Geranoaetus
melanoleucus na Bahia. In: VII CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA,
Rio de Janeiro. Resumos do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia. RJ:
p. 78.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (1998). Cetas: uma
ferramenta para o combate ao trfico de animais. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador,
Bahia. p. 4-5, 21 dez.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1998). O Museu de Cincias Naturais da Cetrel. A Tarde
- Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 23 abr.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1999). Fauna preservation program at Cetrel S.A and
Camaari green belt. In:INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
SYSTEMS IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY.
Salvador. Pre-prints: International ymposium on management and operation
of environmental control systems in the chemical and petrochemical
industry. Salvador, Bahia: 1998. p. 312-323.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (1999). Cetas: Uma
ferramenta no combate ao trfico de animais. Atualidades ornitolgicas,
Ivaipor, Paran. n. 91, p. 6-7.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (1999). Illegal traffic in
Brazils Wildlife. Psitta Scene, United kingdom., v. 11, n. 4, p. 8-9.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (1999). As araras da Bahia. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador,
Bahia. p. 4-5, 04 out.
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LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha (1999). As aves migratrias do Litoral Norte da Bahia. A
Tarde - Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 10 maio
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; STURARO, Leonardo Lopes (1999). Ave de rapina e o
pombo-correio. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 13 set.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha (1999). Aves raras e espcies ameaadas de extino no
litoral norte da Bahia (E a redescoberta do Nyctibius leucopterus, Wied
1821, aps 177 anos). A Tarde - Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 31 maio.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; MEDEIROS, Celso
Geraldo; BARRETO, Cid Moreira (1999). Gara-vaqueira: colonizao e
migrao. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 11 jan.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha (1999). Os pssaros danarinos da Bahia. A Tarde - Rural,
Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 25 out.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha (1999). Os periquitos da Bahia. A Tarde - Rural, Salvador,
Bahia, p. 4-5, 13 dez.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (2000). Centro de
Triagem de aves silvestres: sua importncia na reintroduo. In: VIII
CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ORNITOLOGIA, 2000, Florianpolis.
Resumos do VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia. Florianpolis,
Santa Catarina: p. 390-391.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (2000). Cetas: an
importante tool to fight illegal traffic of sylvan animals and reintroduction
of species in protected habitats in light of eco-tourism activities. In: II
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS & EXIBITION ON ECOTOURISM, 2000, Salvador.
Annals II International Congress & Exibition on Ecotourism. Salvador, Bahia:
p. 29-33.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; LIMA, Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha; SANTOS,
Sidnei Sampaio (2000). Occurrence and death rate of sea birds off
the coast of Bahia from 1994 to 1999 and new findings in Bahia and Brazil.
In: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY AND
CONSERVATION OF ALBATROSSES AND OTHER PETRELS. Honolulu, Hawaii:
p. 38.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha (2000). As andorinhas e o fenmeno da migrao. A
Tarde - Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 25 dez.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (2000). As corujas da
Bahia. A Tarde Rural, Salvador, Bahia. p. 4-5, 22 maio
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LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; HAYS, Helen; LIMA, Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha;
SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio (2001). Recuperao de Sterna hirundo,
procedentes dos Estados Unidos e Europa. In: IX CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO
DE ORNITOLOGIA, Curitiba. Curitiba, Paran: p. 256
257.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; LIMA, Rita de Cssia
Ferreira da Rocha; ROCHA NETO, Alosio Ferreira da; LIMA JUNIOR, Pricles
Alves de (2001). Registro de grandes populaes de andorinhas na Bahia.
In: IX
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Rocha; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos (2004). Primeiro registro para o nordeste
do Albatroz-de-cabea-cinza (Diomedea c. cauta Gould, 1841). Atualidades
ornitolgicas, Ivaipor, Paran. v. 118, p. 3.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; LIMA, Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha; HAYS, Helen;
SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; CORMONS, Tom; CORMONS, Grace;
DICOSTANZO, Joseph; LIMA, Thyers Novaes Cerqueira (2004). Recuperaes de
Sterna eurygnatha Saunders, 1876 na Bahia, Brasil, entre 1995 e 2004. Atualidades
ornitolgicas, Ivaipor, Paran. v. 122, p. 4.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; HAYS, Helen; LIMA, Rita de Cssia Ferreira da Rocha;
CORMONS, Tom CORMONS, Grece; DICOSTANZO, Joseph; SANTOS, Sidnei
Sampaio dos (2004). Recuperaes de Sterna dougallii (Montagu, 1831)
na Bahia, Brasil, entre 1995 e 2004. Ararajuba: Revista Brasileira de
Ornitologia, Rio Claro, SP. v. 12, n. 2, p. 147-149.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira, R. Grantsau, R. C. F. R. Lima and S. S. dos Santos (2004).
Primeiro registro para o nordeste brasileiro do Albatroz-de-cabea-
cinza (Diomedea
c. cauta Gould, 1841). Atualidades Ornitolgicas n 118:3.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira; SANTOS, Sidnei Sampaio dos; PITA, Bruno Gabriel;
FREITAS, Daniela (2005). Reproduo de Todirostrum cinereum em rea de
cerrado no Leste da Bahia, Brasil. Atualidades ornitolgicas, v. 124, p. 3.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira & R. Grantsau (2005). Primeiro registro para o Brasil do
Albatroz-indiano-de-nariz-amarelo Thalassarche carteri (Rothschild, 1903).
tualidades ornitolgicas, v. 128.
LIMA, PEDRO CERQUEIRA etal (2006). INICIATIVA PARA PRESERVAO DE
PSITACDEOS ECO ASSOCIAO PARA ESTUDOS DO AMBIENTE.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (2006). Primeiro registro documentado do comportamento
reprodutivo de Hylophilus amaurocephalus (Nordmann, 1835), no litoral
Norte da Bahia. Atualidades ornitolgicas, v.
131, p. 4-5.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira (2006). Euphonia chlorotica chlorotica (Linnaeus, 1766), um
ninho diferente: Adaptao ou evol Atualidades ornitolgicas, v.
129, p. 8-9.
LIMA, Pedro Cerqueira & Rolf Grantsau (2006). Picumnus pygmaeus distinctus Pinto
e Camargo, 1961, Registro da invalidade da subespcie. Atualidades
ornitolgicas, v.132, p. 8-9.
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