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Slide 1: Good morning all the professor and my mate to be here for listening my

presentation about graduation thesis. This is the slightly research about solving the
optimal reactive power dispatch problem by using a method based on evolutionary
algorithm. Ive completed it under the instruction of assoc.prof Vo Ngoc Dieu. As
we know, the expanding of power system is an important admission in our country.
Go along with this work, the requirement of quality of power transmission is more
strictly. This is evaluated by the total power loss, the voltage deviation and the
voltage stability index.
One of the problem of power system is to determine the suitable value of
controlling device that get the minimum value of objective. So, the ORPD was
suggested long time ago and many research was done to advance it

Slide 2: To watch for my presentation, here is the content list. First, we look
quickly on the overview of ORPD problem and some way to solve it. Next, we will
look in the ORPD in Power System. After that, we will see the algorithm of BBO,
how can they solve the ORPD problem and how the chaos theory can improve it.
The results will be presented in the next chapter with conclusion and prospect
after.

Slide 3:

Slide 4: They was classified into 2 method to solve ORPD. They are classical and
heuristic optimization. The classical based on algebra to solve such as: Linear
Programming, Quadratic Programming, Mixed-IntegerAll are rather fastsolving, the results is believed but face to the problem that they can not do with the
discrete variables. In power system, the voltage of transformer, the compensated
capacitor is changed by step, so they are discrete, not continous. Therefore, the
approach by using artificial intelligence based on biology habitat were suggested.
Here are some method that used for solve ORPD.
In which, EP, DE and GA is based on the evolution of species. There were some
input and was compared with each other to select the good one. Next, the selected
will be mixed and create the offspring which have the good characteristic of
parents. But, these methods have pass the good characteristic on the not absolutely

good one. ACO and PSO use the way of finding food of ant colony and albatross to
be applied. These way do not create offspring but mixed many time to get the good
results.
Slide 5: To establish ORPD problem, well discuss on the above element

Slide 22: U include voltage of the generators, the value of tap-setting of


transformers, reactive power at compensator capacitor
X include power of slack bus, voltage and phase of load, reactive power of
generators.

Slide 23: Total power loss is calculated by 1st equation with gk is the conductance
of branch k
Voltage deviation is calculated by the sum of absolute of distance from voltage of
load to standard value, normally set at 1
Voltage stability index is used to evaluated collapse of system, calculated
complexly by using admittance matrix

Slide 24: This constraints followed the conservation law

Slide 25: It is the limitation of variables, include of

Slide 26: Because of inequality constraints can be solved by using NewtonRaphson and can be out of region in process, we used penalty function that written
by static square. If the variables is in the region of min and max, function is 0, and
out of, is square of distance to the nearest limit. It cause the high value of fitness
means the wrong value of variable to be eliminated.

Slide 6: Biogeography based optimization was 1st introduced in 2008 by Dan


Simon, based on the action of species with the habitat and natural affect. To
describe it, well discuss on a separated island. Each island is seen as a habitat with
different in temperature, rainfall, food andThe variables that characterize
habitability are called suitability index variables (SIVs). To evaluate how the
habitat is suit for species, they use habitat suitability index (HSI) or fitness
function. So SIVs is independent and HsI is denpended on SIVs.
Habitats with a high HSI tend to have a large number of species, while those with a
low HSI have a small number of species. Habitats with a high HSI have many
species that emigrate to nearby habitats, simply by virtue of the large number of
species that they host. Habitats with a high HSI have a low species immigration
rate because they are already nearly saturated with species. Therefore, high HSI
habitats are more static in their species distribution than low HSI habitats. By the
same token, high HSI habitats have a high emigration rate; the large number of
species on high HSI islands have many opportunities to emigrate to neighboring
habitats. (This does not mean that an emigrating species completely disappears
from its home habitat; only a few representatives emigrate, so an emigrating
species remains extant in its home habitat, while at the same time mi- grating to a
neighboring habitat.) Habitats with a low HSI have a high species immigration rate
because of their sparse populations. This immigration of new species to low HSI
habitats may raise the HSI of the habitat, because the suitability of a habitat is
proportional to its biological diversity. However if a habitats HSI remains low,
then the species that reside there will tend to go extinct, which will further open the
way for additional immigration. Due to this, low HSI habitats are more dynamic in
their species distribution than high HSI habitats.

Slide 27: The model of BBO in migration step with linear curves

Slide 28: Each population member has an associated probability, which indicates
the likelihood that it was expected a priori to exist as a solution to the given
problem. Very high HSI solutions and very low HSI solutions are equally
improbable. Medium HSI solutions are relatively probable. If a given solution
has a low probability , then it is surprising that it exists as a solution

This mutation approach makes low HSI solutions likely to mutate, which gives
them a chance of improving. It also makes high HSI solutions likely to mutate,
which gives them a chance of improving even more than they already have.

Slide 29:

Slide 30: Xid= Xid+ rand*(Xidmax-xidmin)

Slide 7: Chaos theory is used to research about systems that seem to be chaotic but
can be predicted. This is applied in dynamic systems that is sensitive with initial
conditions and have unlimited dimensions. This is popular applied in Soil
Mechanics, Solar-system, Liquid convection, Geography and Economics.
In this project, we use chaotic maps to optimize the BBO algorithm. A chaotic map
is a reflect: [0,1] [0,1] by the recursive function: ( + 1) = (()). The
orbit of function can be easily predict by the characteristics of value and
convergence. Each chaotic map has unique characteristics and with the different
initial values, we have the different displays of the graph of function. The chaotic
maps used in this project are list in the table below

Slide 8: Here is the optimized diagram that modified by chaos theory. We use the
i-th value of chaotic map in i-th iteration to determine whether migration, mutation
or not.

Slide 9: The results was experimented in IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 with the same
limitation of variables and compare with two other papers by 3 objective function:
total power loss, voltage deviation and voltage stability index.

Answer:
1/ Why choose BBO?

- BBO is new theory was 1st introduced in 2008, the other such as PSO was born
many year ago with many advanced method.
- BBO is a population-based optimization algorithm it does not involve
reproduction or the generation of children. This clearly distinguishes it from
reproductive strategies such as GAs and evolutionary strategies.
- BBO also clearly differs from ACO, because ACO generates a new set of solutions
with each iteration. BBO, on the other hand, maintains its set of solutions from one
iteration to the next, relying on migration to probabilistically adapt those solutions.
- PSO solutions do not change directly; it is rather their velocities that change, and
this indirectly results in position (solution) changes. DE changes its solutions
directly, but changes in a particular DE solution are based on differences between
other DE solutions. Also, DE is not biologically motivated. BBO can be contrasted
with PSO and DE in that BBO solutions are changed directly via migration from
other solutions (islands). That is, BBO solutions directly share their attributes
(SIVs) with other solutions.
It is the difference of BBO with the other method. I use this thesis to evaluat this
algorithm, new approach to solve ORPD that easy and clearly.

2/ CBBO > BBO?

If we dont use chaos theory, BBO is absolutely random process. They proved that
this kind of process follow the Gaussian distribution. Ive test it and the map of
statistics value in doing with BBO is mostly nearby an average value. The
probability to have a value that far away average one is rare. The value of BBO
that have in table is rare and higher than the results in CBBO. The CBBO results
with some way concentrated in minimum region that increase chance to get the
minum results. Besides that, the different chaotic map supply various way to
control the output value

3/ Why 118>30

Because CBBO or BBO need more space with large variables is better. If there are
less controlling variables, the migration rate is linear so it do not distribute most of
the region from 0->1. On the other hand, less variables means less iteration to get
the converged value.

4/ L?

= |1

|
=

With Y is the admittance

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