GEOGRAPHY

Physical Geography Paper I

a. Geomorphology
b. Climatology
c. Oceanography
d. Environmental Geography
a.
b.
c.
d.

Human Geography Paper II

Economic Geography
Cultural Geography
Geographic Thought
Geography of India with reference to Karnataka
Paper I: Physical Geography

Paper I (a) Geomorphology

Unit I
Unit - II

Origin of the Earth, Internal structure of the earth, Concept of Isostasy, Plate Tectonics

Earth Movements Orogenic and eperiogenic movements, Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Unit - III
Process of weathering and Mass wasting, concept of cycle of erosion Penck and Davis.
Unit - IV
Landforms associated with Arid, coastal, glacial and fluvial
Reference

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Strahler A.N. The Earth Sciences, Harper and Row NY

Thornbury W.D. Principles of Geomorphlogy
Dasgupta and Kapoor Principles of Physical Geography
Siddhartha K Physical Geomorphology
Majid Hussain Geomorphology
CLIMATOLOGY
Paper I(B)
Composition , Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of temperature

Unit I
Unit II

Atmospheric pressure Distribution of pressure belts, winds planetary wind Monsoon,

Local Winds, Humidity and Precipitation

Unit III

Air Masses Origin, classification and Fronts Cyclones tropical and temperate thunderstorms

Unit IV

Classification of world climate Koeppen and Thornth waite, EL-nino and Lanino global warming,

Recent trends in climatology.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Reference:
Savindra Singh Climatology
Triwartha , GT & Horn L.A. Introduction to climate
Lal DS climatology
Grifith Tailor Introduction to climatology
Berry and Chorloy : Atmosphere , weather & climate.
Dasgupta and Kapoor ; Principles of Physical Geography

Paper I : C.
OCEANOGRAPHY
Unit I

The permanency of ocean basins; Theories of permanency, Location, Extent of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
oceans.

Unit II Submarine canyons : Origin and distribution. Configuration of ocean floor continental shelf, slope, plain
and deeps of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Unit III Physical and chemical properties of ocean water, temperature distribution, salinity origin distribution and
factors affecting salinity.
Unit IV Ocean deposits Terragenious and paleagic, ocean currents origin, types and distribution - Tides
theories , types . coral reefs origin types and theories . Impact of Humans on marine environment.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lal D.S. Oceanography Sharada Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad

Vattal & Sharma Oceanography for Geographers, Chytanya publications, Allahabad
Sharma R.C. Oceanography for Geographers Chytanya publications, Allahabad
Savindra Singh Physical Geography Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.

PAPER I (D)
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

Unit I:

Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Geography, concept of Ecosystem, , Functions, Structure, Nutrient

cycles Food Webs, Biomes equatorial to polar

Unit II: Environmental quality , Environmental degradation, Environmental pollution air, water land and noise
pollution and their effects.
Unit III: Environmental Hazards and Risks ; Types and distribution, consequences and human adjustments to Natural
hazards Floods, droughts , Earth quakes and volcanoes.
Unit IV: Environmental Management : Concept, strategies and need for Environmental planning and Management
sustainable development , Management of Environmental quality. Environmental impact assessment(EIA)

Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Strhaler and strahler A.H. Geography of Mans environment

Frank R.G. & Frank D.N. Man and his environment
Savindrasingh Environmental Geography
Saxena H.M. Environmental Geography
Robinson H. Bio Geography ELBS, Newyork

Paper II
Unit I:

a): ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

Economic Geography as an Interdisciplinary subject . Approaches to economic Geography, Fundamental

concepts

Unit II: Resources : Concepts, classification Soil resource - Formation, classification, conservation. Water resources
: Underground and surface water, Water Pollution, water conservation Mineral Types of mineral resources,
distribution of metallic minerals, Iron Ore , Gold, Manganese and their conservation.
Power resources Types, distribution, conservation of coal, petroleum, Hydroelectricity
Unit III: Agriculture : Determinants of agriculture, systems of agriculture, Methods of regionalization. Vonthunian
Model and diffusion models.
Unit IV: Industries : Locational factors, theories of Industrial location Weber Losch Industrial hazards Air,water
and land their impact on health. Industrial regions of the world.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Jarett H.R Manufacturing Geography Mac Donald Xemolds, London

Smith Industrial Location, Prentice Hall, Englewood, cliff NJ
Alexanderson C, Geography of Manufacturing Prentice hall, NJ
Hortshorn & Alexander : Economic Geography Prentice hall, NJ
Paper II
(b) : Cultural Geography

Unit I:

Concept of culture, themes in cultural geography, (5 themes), cultural elements and components of culture.

Unit II: Cultural diversity, basis of cultural diversity . Races, Religion, Language and diffusion.
Unit III: Cultural realms of the world, concept of cultural realms, classification and problems in classification.
Unit IV: Major Ethnic Groups Bushman , Eskimos , Pigmies and Khirgies, settlements , Rural & urban Types of
rural settlements, Rural VS urban , Rural depopulation, Urban land use theories Harries, Ulman Hoyet.
Functional classification of town.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Robestein JH & Robert S Barren Cultural Landscape : An Introduction to Human Geography, Prentice Hall,
New Delhi.
Singh R.Y Geography of Settlements Rawath, publication, Jaipur
Hussain M Human Geography Rawath, publication ,Jaipur
Dicken & Pill Introduction to Cultural Geography
Karlen Man & Land

PAPER II
Unit I:

(C): Geographic Thought

Field of Geography : Structure of modern geography, Explanation in Geography,
Themes of Geography Area differentiation, landscape, Man environment themes, spatial distribution,
geometric , man environment theme.

Unit II: Development of Geography : Ancient, Medieval , Modern, School of thoughts German, French, British ,
American and Russian School of thought.
Unit III: Dualism Geography : Need , Systematic VS Regional, Determinism VS Possibilism, Ideographic VS
Nomothetic, Quantitative revolution.
Unit IV: Scientific Approach , Hypothesis , Models , Theories and Law, Nature and characteristics of Spatial Data.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Adhikari S ; Fundamentals of Geographic Thought Concept publishing co, New Delhi.

Dikshit R.D : Geographic thought : A Conceptual History of Ideas , Prentice Hall Publishing company, New
Delhi 2
Majid Hussain : Evoluations of Geographic thought, Rawat publications, New Delhi.
David Harvey : Explanations in Geography, Mac Millian , Newyork.

PAPER II
d) GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO kARNATAkA
Unit I:
Unit II:
Unit III:

Unit IV:

Physical setting - India Karnataka; Location, physiographic divisions,

Drainage pattern and vegetation.
Population: Growth, density, distribution , Literacy , sex ratio, Migration= Urbanization trend after independence population policy
Agriculture - Agriculture land use pattern, Major crops rice , wheat, cotton ,
Sugar Cane, Tea, Coffee. Major Irrigation projects Krishna, Tungabhadra, Cauvery, Bhakranangal, DVC,
Nagarjun Sagar.
Industries; Locational Factors, Iron Steel industries, cotton textile, cement,
Industrial regions of India, Transport System Road, Railways and Water ways.
Reference:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Majid Hussain : Regional Geography of India, Rawath publishers, New Delhi

Negi BS: Geography of India , Kedarnath , New Delhi
Ranganath & Somashekar : Geomorphology of Karnataka Dept of Mines & Geology, Khanija Bhavan,
Bangalore
Reddy & Murthy : Karnataka State
Singh RL : India : A Regional Geography varanasi
Spate OHK & Learminth ATA : India & Pakistan , Mathew, London