Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Solutions
14.1.
1.
2.

You dissolve 1.0 mol of urea (H2N-CO-NH2) in 270 g of water. What is the mole fraction of urea?
1.0
3.
16
0.063
4.
3.7 x 10-3

14.2.
You dissolve 92.0 grams of CH3CH2OH, ethanol, in 270 g of water. What is the mole fraction of
ethanol in the solution?
1. 2.0
3.
0.067
2. 0.12
4.
8.3
14.3.
You dissolve 92.0 grams of CH3CH2OH, ethanol, in 270. g of water. What is the weight percent of
ethanol in the solution?
1. 34.1 %
3.
25.4 %
2. 17.0 %
4.
74.8 %
14.4.
You dissolve 92.0 grams of CH3CH2OH, ethanol, in 270. g of water. What is the molality of
ethanol in the solution?
1. 341 m
3.
0.341 m
2. 170 m
4.
7.41 m
14.5.
Given the heat of formation data below, calculate solutionH for LiOH.
fH [LiOH(s)] = -484.93 kJ/mol
fH [LiOH(aq)] = -508.48 kJ/mol
1. +23.55 kJ/mol
3.
-23.55 kJ/mol
2. +993.41 kJ/mol
4.
-993.41 kJ/mol
14.6.
1.
2.

In which of the following solvents do you expect LiCl to be highly soluble?

H2O(liq)
3.
CS2(liq)
CCl4(liq)
4.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3(liq)

14.7.
1.
3.

Which of the following ions would you predict to have the most negative enthalpy of hydration?
Rb+
3.
Na+
Mg2+
4.
Ba2+

14.8.
Which of the following changes in the property of a salt would increase its heat of solution (that is,
lead to a more negative enthalpy of solution)?
1. a decrease in lattice enthalpy
2. an increase in lattice enthalpy
3. a smaller (less negative) hydration energy for the cation
4. a higher melting point
14.9.
The enthalpy of solution of NH4NO3 is +25.7 kJ/mol. A beaker contains 100. mL of a saturated
solution of NH4NO3 at 25 C. The beaker has 52 grams of undissolved solid on the bottom. Which of
the following changes will cause some of the dissolved NH4NO3 to precipitate?
1. remove 10. grams of the solid from the beaker
2. heat the solution by 10. degrees

Chapter 14

3.
4.

cool the solution by 10. degrees

add 10. grams of additional NH4NO3 solid

14.10. You have a saturated solution of NaCl at 25 C. No solid is present in the beaker. What could be
done to increase the amount of dissolved NaCl in this solution? (solnH[NaCl] = +2.75 kJ/mol)
1. add some more solid NaCl
2. raise the temperature of the solution
3. raise the temperature of the solution and add some NaCl
4. lower the temperature of the solution and add some NaCl
14.11. You dissolve 0.0400 mol of I2 (10.1 g) in 1.96 mol of CCl4 (300 g) at 65 C. Given that the vapor
pressure of pure CCl4 is 504 mm Hg at this temperature, what is the vapor pressure of the CCl4 over
this solution?
1. 504 mm Hg
3.
494 mm Hg
2. 514 mm Hg
4.
10.1 mm Hg
14.12. What mass of ethylene glycol (HOC2H4OH, molar mass = 62.0 g/mol) must be added to 125 g of
water to raise the boiling point by 1.0 C? (Kbp for water = +0.512 deg/molal)
1. 1.95 g
3.
15 g
2. 0.244 g
4.
31.0 g
14.13. You dissolve 29.3 g of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g/mol) in 500. grams water. What is the boiling
point of this solution? Kbp for water = +0.512 deg/molal
1. 100.512 C
3.
101.536 C
2. 98.976 C
4.
101.024 C
14.14. Concentrated salt solutions have boiling points lower than those calculated using the equation
Tbp = Kbp m. Which of the following is a possible explanation of this observation?
1. positive ions repel each other more at high concentration
2. ions of opposite charge will tend to stay paired instead of breaking up
3. the water molecules will have a greater attraction for each other
4. concentrated solutions have small particles of non-dissolved salt, thus lowering the molality
14.15. After a can of carbonated soft drink is removed from the refrigerator, opened and left to stand
awhile, which of the following best describes the changes that cause the soda to go flat" (i.e. lose its
CO2 content)?
1. lowering the CO2(g) pressure over the solution and raising of temperature
2. lowering the CO2(g) pressure over the solution
3. lowering the temperature
4. change (increase) in salt content
14.16.
1.
2.

Which of the following is an example of the importance of osmosis?

distilling alcohol
3.
salting roads for de-icing
salting meats for preservation
4.
the use of antifreeze in the cooling system of cars

14.17. Erythritol is a compound that occurs naturally in algae and fungi. It is about twice as sweet as
sucrose. A solution of 2.50 g of erythritol in 50.0 g of water freezes at -0.762 C. (The freezing point

Chapter 14

depression constant for water = -1.86 degrees/molal.) What is the molar mass of the compound?
1. 26.9 g/mol
3.
122 g/mol
2. 35.5 g/mol
4.
224 g/mol
14.18.

Which solution is expected to have the higher boiling point?

1. 0.10 molal NaCl
2.
0.15 molal sugar?

14.19 The enthalpy of solution of sodium hydroxide is strongly exothermic. As the temperature
increases, the solubility
1. increases
2.
decreases
14.20

In which aqueous solution is the vapor pressure of water lower?

1. 0.30 molal NH4NO3
2.
0.15 molal Na2SO4? ________

14.21.

Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing vapor pressure at 25 C:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

0.35 m C2H4(OH)2 (ethylene glycol, nonvolatile solute)

0.50 m sugar
0.20 m KBr
0.20 m Na2SO4

1.
2.
3.
4.

C2H4(OH)2 < sugar < KBr < Na2SO4

Na2SO4 < sugar < KBr < C2H4(OH)2
sugar < C2H4(OH)2 < KBr < Na2SO4
KBr < sugar < Na2SO4 < C2H4(OH)2

14.22.
1.
2.

Consider the following aqueous solutions:

0.20 m ethylene glycol (a nonelectrolyte)
0.12 m NaI

3.
4.

0.10 m CaCl2
0.12 m Na2SO4.

3.
4.

0.10 m CaCl2
0.12 m Na2SO4.

3.
4.

0.10 m CaCl2
0.12 m Na2SO4.

Which solution has the highest boiling point?

14.23.
1.
2.

Consider the following aqueous solutions:

0.20 m ethylene glycol (a nonelectrolyte)
0.12 m NaI

Which solution has the highest freezing point?

14.24.
1.
2.

Consider the following aqueous solutions:

0.20 m ethylene glycol (a nonelectrolyte)
0.12 m NaI

Which solution has the highest vapor pressure of water?