New Application of Sonic Scanner*

in Gas Reservoir Evaluation

Ronarong Paramatikul
Petrophysics Domain Engineer
Data & Consulting Services

Schlumberger

Agenda

Challenges in Gas Evaluation

Idea of using Sonic Scanner for Gas Evaluation

Processing & Interpretation Workflow

Application & Benefit of the New Technique

Conclusion

Challenges in gas evaluation

GR

Resistivity

Neutron-Density

Gas Field
Oil Field

Gas show
during drilling

Gas Sand

Source: World Energy Atlas 2002

3

Sonic measurement is a good gas indicator

Sonic Scanner

Combination of monopole and dipole transmitters

13 arrays of receivers

Good quality of waveforms for future applications

MU

ML

XD YD MF

13 x Receivers

How to use sonic for gas evaluation?

Sonic measurement is mainly used for Geophysics & Geomechanics,
but not Petrophysics

Sonic measurement is very good gas indicator

Transform compressional & shear slowness into modulus

Use modulus as saturation input to compute gas saturation

Qualitative

Quantitative

Gas sand?

How much gas?

5

Gas detection from Sonic

Gas effect on sonic data

6

Conventional

Sonic Scanner into ELAN Workflow

Data QC
Environmental Correction
Resistivity ELAN
Sonic Scanner
Processing

New workflow

Bulk & Shear

Modulus Calculation
Sonic Endpoints
Calibration
Sonic ELAN

Result Review

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

Data QC & Environmental Correction

Environmental
Logging
Parameters & Correction
Field Calibration

Logging parameters

Field calibrations

Environmental correction

Good Quality Log For Interpretation

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

Resistivity ELAN Interpretation

Neutron
Resistivity Density

GR

ELAN is Petrophysical
Interpretation module

Resistivity ELAN

Equations

Cross plot analysis to determine

endpoints

Volume
Result

Density

Use resistivity as equation for

water saturation

Shale endpoint

Use for Sonic

Calibration
Neutron porosity

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

Sonic Scanner Processing

Compressional

Shear

Sonic waveform preprocessing

Compressional & Shear
Slowness by BestDT module

Unpack & QC Sonic Scanner waveforms

Input for the next step

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

10

Bulk Modulus & Shear Modulus Calculation

Modulus from Sonic wave

Slowness to Modulus conversion

Effect of Bulk modulus to gas
Gas effect on bulk modulus
It can be use for Saturation input

2x
M =Conversion
Vp2 x G =toVsSlowness

New input curves computed

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

2
= Compressional
GM=(13474.45
x Modulus
b) / (tsh)
= Shear Modulus
MG=(13474.45
x b ) / (tco)2
KBulk
= MModulus
(4G =/ K3)= M (4 G /3)

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

11

Sonic Endpoints Calibration

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Calibrated data

Calibration

Volume from Resistivity ELAN

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

12

Sonic ELAN Interpretation

Sonic ELAN Model

Use sonic modulus to be
saturation input

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

GR

Modulus

Endpoints

Modulus

Neutron
Density

Sonic ELAN

Sonic ELAN

Result Review

Results and Finding

Over calibrated interval
Sonic Resistivity very similar result

Outside calibrated interval
Sonic Resistivity very similar result

What is the different?
Sonic see something where resistivity
cannot see

Sonic detects gas in the formation
where Resistivity does not

GR

Neutron
Resistivity
Resistivity Density Modulus
ELAN

More gas identified

QC & Env Correct Resistivity ELAN

Sonic Scanner

Modulus

Endpoints

Sonic ELAN

Sg < 3%

Result Review

Sonic
ELAN

Sg > 15%

14

Applications
1. Sonic interpretation is independent of formation water salinity
2. Sonic sees gas where Resistivity could not e.g. thinly laminated sands
3. Cased hole gas saturation evaluation
4. Offset wells where no Resistivity data recorded

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Example: Well-A to Well-B

All parameters from Well-A
to Well-B
Gas observed in shaly zone

Resistivity ELAN

Sonic ELAN
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Example: Thin beds sand with gas

T-combo with RT Scanner

Resistivity ELAN

Sonic ELAN

OBMI Image

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Example: Thin beds sand with gas

Gas seen from

Sonic

T-combo with RT Scanner

Resistivity ELAN

Sonic ELAN

OBMI Image

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Example: Thin beds sand with gas

Gas seen from

Sonic

T-combo with RT Scanner

Resistivity ELAN

Sonic ELAN

OBMI Image

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Example: Thin beds sand with gas

Gas seen from

Sonic

T-combo with RT Scanner

Resistivity ELAN

Sonic ELAN

OBMI Image

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Benefit of using the technique

1. Reduce uncertainty in formation evaluation
2. Gas evaluation in low resistivity pay (e.g. Laminated sand)
3. New option for gas analysis behind casing

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Formation Evaluation

Resistivity

Dielectric
GasSaturation
detection
Gas
from Sonic
from
Sonic

RST C/O

Downhole
Fluid
Analyzer

NMR diffusion
editing
Neutron
Time lapse

New option for Gas evaluation

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THANK YOU
Q&A

Backup Slides

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LWD Sonic vs WL Sonic in Fast Formation

Good comparable
Compressional Shear
slowness between
SonicVISION vs DSI

SonicVISION compared to DSI

Dipole Transmitters

DSI

Sonic Scanner