Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This is a Leanpub book. Leanpub empowers authors and publishers with the Lean Publishing
process. Lean Publishing is the act of publishing an in-progress ebook using lightweight tools
and many iterations to get reader feedback, pivot until you have the right book and build
traction once you do.
2014 Fabian Schiller
Contents
Before Traveling . . . . . . . . .
Why should I read this book? .
The concept of the book . . .
I am missing a topic . . . . . .
Thanks! . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1
1
1
2
2
Agile Sights . . . . . . . .
Agile Manifesto . . . . .
eXtreme Programming .
Scrum . . . . . . . . . .
Kanban . . . . . . . . . .
Lean . . . . . . . . . . .
Lean Startup . . . . . . .
Impact Mapping . . . . .
Story Mapping . . . . . .
Real Options . . . . . . .
Test Driven Development
Open Space . . . . . . .
Lean Coffee . . . . . . .
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29
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30
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Timed Tours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Ten Minute Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A One Hour Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
31
31
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Before Traveling
Why should I read this book?
You are Developer, Product Owner, ScrumMaster, Manager or whatever and somehow
involved with Agile. Agile consultants and coaches are bombing you with buzz words you
may never have heard of before. This book is designed for you! Grasp these words, have a look
into this book and fastly know what this guy is talking about, essentially. You will additionally
be provided with valuable references allowing you to dive into the topic as deep as you need
elsewhere.
You are Agile Coach or consultant and using all those words all the time? Even for you this
book may be a valuable resource for two reasons: You can refresh your knowledge on a topic
by shortly looking at the visuals and recap the core concepts. Or you can take this book and its
visuals to your customer and explain the concept to them using the short introductions here.
There are many more resources to get an overview and explanation of Agile topics, including
which might be helpful for you. Have a look over there if a topic is not yet included in this book,
or you like an alternative view and often much more detailed explanation.
Before Traveling
Spaceboxed: This book is not an exhaustive guide to the various topics mentioned. It
is meant to become a book providing a leightweight and entertaining but still serious
overview about the countless Agile topics. Every topic should be presented shortly and
with its most important principles. I use the concept of spaceboxing (in immitation of
timeboxing) to support this constraint. There are three basic space boxes used: a 140
character box for an extremely short summary, a 200 word box for a quick overview of
history and core concepts and a one page box for the visual. This means that every topic
is limited to two pages.
Subjective routes: If you are traveling you are likely to have certain interests, which
determine your route and lead you to different routes as other people. The same is true for
travelling on the Agile Planet. This book will provide different tours for different people.
There is a section, which helps people in certain roles to find nice routes over the planet
and another section with timed tours.
Open for contributions: This book is meant to be open for contributions. Should you miss a
topic or have the urgent feeling, that you could write a much better description of a certain
topic in the given spacebox, you are invited to do so. Just drop me an e-mail:
fabian.schiller@agileplanet.de
The format of this book is consciously chosen to be A4, so that you can easily print either the
whole book or single sections as reminder or handout.
I am missing a topic
You are missing a topic desparately? No problem! As mentioned, this book is designed to be
written and drawn incrementally. Staring out with a smaller set of topics and growing over
time.
So if you like a topic to be included proceed as follows:
1. Check the Trello board of the book to see if your topic is already there.
2. If your topic is not there, just drop me an e-mail and I will include it.
3. If it is already there, you can still send me an e-mail expressing your wishes to help me
find a good prioritization.
4. Motivate and push me to act and finish that topic or 5. offer to contribute yourself!
Send e-mails suggesting topics and offers to contribute to: fabian.schiller@agileplanet.de.
Thanks!
A book is (almost) never written by a single person. As for this book, I hope it will be written by
many persons in the future. But even now I had the help of many people to get as far as I am.
First and foremost kudos go to Jurgen Appelo for encouraging me to draw, Toni Tassani for an
https://trello.com/b/7zvmbSEM/agileplanet-the-book
https://twitter.com/jurgenappelo
https://twitter.com/atassani
Before Traveling
inspiring talk about comics and ngel Medinilla for teaching me some drawing basics. All of
that happened at the awesome ALE 2013 Conference. Without their help, I would never have
started to write and draw this book.
But there are more people that helped me with useful discussions and ideas to take a step forward.
A former colleague, Thomas Gberlein coached me finding the title and some concepts of this
book. Corinna Baldaufs Wall-Skills helped me to stick with the idea of spaceboxing and Yves
Hanoulle pushed me hardly to publish early.
Last but not least, I have to thank my wonderful wife Heike and my two little children Nieke
and Jonathan for being very patient with me while writing and drawing for this book!
https://twitter.com/angel_m
http://ale2013.alenetwork.eu
https://twitter.com/findingmarbles
http://www.wall-skills.com
https://twitter.com/YvesHanoulle
Agile Sights
Over the last decades, Agile has become a wide variety of topics. In this chapter you will find
one topic after another. All nicely aligned on two pages. You can either poke around here for a
while and see which treasures you will find. Or you can take one of the guided tours, which you
will find in chapters Tours for Roles or Timed Tours.
Agile Sights
Agile Manifesto
In 140 Characters
The Agile Manifesto sums up the core principles of many agile methodologies and is the
fundament of the Agile software development movement.
In 200 Words
The Manifesto for Agile Software Development - published in February 2001 - is probably the
most fundamental document of the Agile software developement movement. Its values and
principles inspired and united many people in software development, sharing a vision of a highly
collaborative way of developing software.
Over the course of several years it infected not only more and more companies in the
software development business. Companies in the hardware or creative business are increasingly
embracing the Agile values, too.
The core values of the Agile Manifesto are:
As the manifesto states it is important to notice, that items on the right have value but items on
the left are more valuable.
The Agile Manifesto is backed by twelve principles for Agile software development, which
despite their importance, are often not mentioned alongside the core values.
Unlimited Knowledge
The Agile Manifesto Website
Agile Imposition - an important blog post by Martin Fowler
http://agilemanifesto.org/
http://martinfowler.com/bliki/AgileImposition.html
Agile Sights
Agile Sights
eXtreme Programming
In 140 Characters
Deliver the highest value for your business iteratively by listening carefully and coding
professionally. Embrace change!
In 200 Words
eXtreme Programming (XP) is a software development process, which was dicussed highly
controversial when it was published in the late 1990s. This was caused by the simplicity of the
process, which is based on the believe that fast and reliable communication between developers
and business is more valuable than a sophisticated software development process. Advocates
of more complex processes like e.g. the Rational Unified Process (RUP) often felt offended and
accused XP of oversimplification.
It is probably only fair to say that XP, propagated and developed by famous software engineers
like Kent Beck, Ward Cunningham, Ron Jeffries and many more, was the first widely recognized
Agile software development methodology and layed down the fundaments for others to come.
XP is a highly iterative approach to software development. At the heart of this process are
developers and business people, playing a Planning Game in short iterations to deliver
valuable software earliest possible. XP prescribes several software development methods like
pair programming, test driven development but also an eight hour work day. It is designed to
cope with changing business requirements very effectively.
Unlimited Knowledge
eXtreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change by Kent Beck and Cynthia Andres
(Beck04)
http://www.extremeprogramming.org/
Wikipedia on eXtreme Programming
http://www.extremeprogramming.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_programming
Agile Sights
Agile Sights
Scrum
In 140 Characters
Scrum is an agile, team based framework for incremental software development. Focus, Respect,
Openness, Courage and Commitment are key.
In 200 Words
At this time, Scrum is probably the worlds most famous Agile framework. It was developed in the
early 1990s and published by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland in 1995. On the first gaze it has a
lot of similarities with eXtreme Programming but it is much less focused on actual development
practices and more on project management topics.
Scrum is a team focused process framework, that defines three roles:
The Development Team consists of all people, needed to manufacture and deliver the
product specified by the Product Owner.
The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the business value delivered by the
team. He prioritizes the Product Backlog (i.e. the list of requirements).
The ScrumMaster is responsible for teaching the Scrum process and coaching the team to
inspect and become more productive over time.
Four meetings are conducted every Iteration (called Sprint) that lasts from one to four weeks:
In the Sprint Planning meeting Product Owner and team select the work for the next
Sprint.
During the Sprint the Team keeps track of its work with a Daily Standup meeting.
When the Sprint is finnished, the result is presented to stakeholders in a Sprint Review.
Before starting a new Sprint, the team reflects on opportunities for improvement in a
Retrospective.
Unlimited Knowledge
https://www.scrum.org/Scrum-Guide
http://agileatlas.org/atlas/scrum
http://scrum.jeffsutherland.com/
Agile Sights
10
Agile Sights
11
Kanban
In 140 Characters
Limit work in progress. Focus on managing flow. Improve everything on your system relentlessly
and incrementally. Manage change with Kanban.
In 200 Words
Kanban in software development is a technique adapted from the factory floors of Toyota. It is
one of the more prominent components of the Toyota Production System (TPS) and was invented
in the 1940s. Supporting the development of a continuous improvement culture (Kaizen), it is a
change management tool that generates more and more interest in the industry of information
technology.
The biggest shift for IT people with Kanban is to physically visualize the work to be done. This
is one of the core concepts and enables you to focus on controlling work in progress (WIP) and
diverse queues in your system that would otherwise be invisible.
By controlling and adapting queue sizes and WIP and focussing on quality and lead time (the
time a piece of work needs to flow through your whole production system) you will be able to
deliver faster and with higher predictability.
The great advantage of Kanban as change management tool is, that you start where you are and
respect the current system including process, roles and titles in the first place. This generates a
lot less friction than other, more disruptive change methods.
Unlimited Knowledge
Kanban: Successful Evolutionary Change for your Technology Business by David J.
Anderson (Ander10)
Arne Roocks blog on Kanban topics
Wikipedia on Kanban
http://www.software-kanban.de/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development)
Agile Sights
12
Agile Sights
13
Lean
In 140 Characters
Optimize your value streams by pulling quality work quickly. Respect people and focus on the
whole. Waste not!
In 200 Words
Lean methods are a growing topic in information technology. They are derived from lean
manufacturing which has its roots in the early 20th century. Lean manufacturing methods are
well known and widely spread on the factory floors all over the world. Their fame comes greatly
from the fact that they are an integral part of the hugely successful Toyota Production System
(TPS). According to Toyota the core of lean is not the tools but essentially the culture, which
focuses on avoiding three kinds of waste:
Muri: Overloading the system will lead to stagnation.
Mura: Work that is not adding value to the product wastes time.
Muda: High variability in the work will decrease flow.
The main principles in IT applying lean methods are the focus on value streams, flow and
reducing non-visible inventory (e.g. requirements that are never implemented). This focus is
typically enforced by implementing a pull system and optimizing all stations of the software
production process for on-demand delivery. The consequence should be a dramatic drop of work
in progress and queued work, which again leads to much more efficient delivery and short lead
times.
Unlimited Knowledge
http://de.slideshare.net/jpvajda/lean-software-development-principles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_software_development
Agile Sights
14
Agile Sights
15
Lean Startup
In 140 Characters
Startup business is not voodoo. Know your hypothesis. Build minimum viable products fast. Get
valid feedback. Measure. Adapt or Pivot.
In 200 Words
Lean Startup is a framework for entrepreneurs to grow their business. It is a structured approach
for validating your product idea immediatley at the market place. Central to the Lean Startup
approach is the minimum viable product (MVP), which is the minimal effort needed to validate
a hypothesis about the market of your product.
The Lean Startup process framework works as follows:
Leap: Make hypotheses about the impact of the product to be developed explicit. Develop
the smalles possible thing that could either verify or falsify your assumptions.
Test: Define measures to validate your hypothesis. Bring the MVP to the market as soon
as possible.
Measure: Collect numbers and observe how the market reacts on your MVP. If your
hypothesis is valid do the next step and leap again. Otherwise pivot.
Pivot: Should your hypothesis have fatal flaws and there seems to be no market for your
product, change your strategy. Use the data you collected to form fundamentally new
hypotheses and leap again.
Unlimited Knowledge
The Lean Startup Website
The Lean Startup by Eric Ries (Ries11)
http://theleanstartup.com/
Agile Sights
16
Agile Sights
17
Impact Mapping
In 140 Characters
This technique will help you to focus on the relevant stuff and build your strategy visually and
collaboratively to achieve your goal.
In 200 Words
Impact Mapping is a strategical planning technique developed by Gojko Adzic. It was published
in 2012 and generated a lot of interest since then.
Impact Mapping uses mind maps to build strategies collaboratively and visualize them. Impact
maps have four hierarchically arragned levels.
Why: At the heart of an impact map stands the purpose of your undertaking. Why do you
think, your vision will generate value of any kind to somebody?
Who: The second level states who should value your project. All stakeholders are listed
here. The question is: Who will behave differently, if we have done what we are planning
to do?
How: The question at the third level is How will the behaviour of the stakeholders
change?. Identify how stakeholders can support or disprove your undertaking.
What: On the last level of the impact map stands what your concrete deliverable will be
to help evoce the change in behaviour of your stakeholders.
Impact Mapping also encourages you, to work in short iterations. In this hindsight it suggests
to define clear measures for your goals, find alternatives using impact maps and evaluate the
success rigorous at the market, early.
Unlimited Knowledge
Impact Mapping by Gojko Adzic (Adzic12)
The Impact Mapping website
http://www.impactmapping.org
Agile Sights
18
Agile Sights
19
Story Mapping
In 140 Characters
Story Mapping enhances your stakeholder communication by focusing on the whole story of
your product and creating a nice visual structure.
In 200 Words
Story Mapping is a concept largely attributed to Jeff Patton. The concept was first published in
his article Its All in How You Slice It in 2005.
Story maps address an old issue with classical product backlogs. Since they are meant to be
ordered unambigously, they are mostly administrated as flat lists of user stories or requirements.
This makes it difficult to see the whole context and the story of a product fastly and intuitively.
Story maps help out here.
Story maps essentially consist of two types of tickets.
Activities represent the high level actions, users can take in your system. Activities should
be written and ordered on your story map in a way, that you can tell the coarse story of
your system by walking throught them from left to right.
Tasks further specify activities. They are arranged under the respective activity in order
of priority and should have about the size of classical user stories.
Story Mapping does not only help you to communicate easier with your stakeholders, it is also
a very helpful tool to plan small incremental releases by finding the most important tasks for
every activity and bundeling them.
Unlimited Knowledge
Its All in How You Slice It - Jeff Patton
Blog post by Jeff Patton
http://www.agileproductdesign.com/writing/how_you_slice_it.pdf
http://www.agileproductdesign.com/blog/the_new_backlog.html
Agile Sights
20
Agile Sights
21
Real Options
In 140 Characters
Open up viable options at any time. Choosing no option may be an option, too. Do not commit
or close an option unless you know why!
In 200 Words
Real Options is a topic propagated prominently by Olav Maassen and Chris Matts since 2007.
Although the concept of Real Options stems from the concept of Real Options Analysis in the
financial sector, it should not be related directly. While the financial concept provides an allegedly
optimal decision process for trading, the only deductions drawn for Real Options are:
1. Options have value
2. Options expire
3. Never commit early unless you know why
Real Options emphasizes, that there are often not only two decissions that can be made (namely
yes and no) but also a third one: to not decide now. This of course means admiting and
actively embracing uncertainty, which is more easily formulated than done. Therefore actively
using Real Options requires a lot of practice and learning.
Real Options as formulated above are at the heart of many Agile tools, techniques and values.
Youll find them in lean software development, Scrum, Kanban and many more. But again this
is no wonder, since agile methods stem from the need of rapid change and embrace uncertainty.
Unlimited Knowledge
Commitment by Olaf Maasen, Christ Matts and Chris Geary (Maas13)
Real Options Underlie Agile Practices
www.infoq.com/articles/real-options-enhance-agility
Agile Sights
22
Agile Sights
23
In 200 Words
Test Driven Development (TDD), which is highly related to unit testing and test automation
traces back to the early 1990s. At this time, early frameworks for automated unit testing were
developed. A huge step forward was taken when Kent Beck created a unit testing framework in
1994 and consequently introduced the test driven approach to eXtreme Programming.
The steps of TDD are as simple as effective:
1. Add test: Before adding new functionality to your system, you implement a test specifying
the desired behaviour.
2. Let test fail: Before writing the code, you should assure that the test fails to be sure you
are really testing new functionality.
3. Write code: Implement the functionality specified in your requirement.
4. Run test: After implementation re-run the test to see if it succeeds now. If it does go on to
refactoring otherwise return to writing to make the test pass.
5. Refactor: When the functionality is added the last thing you should do is to take care that
you leave the code clean. Always leave the code in equal or better condition than when
you first entered it.
TDD is nowadays considered to be an integral part of truly professional software development.
Unlimited Knowledge
Test Driven Development by Example by Kent Beck (Beck02)
The Pragmatics of TDD a blog post by Robert C. Martin
Wikipedia on Test Driven Development
http://blog.8thlight.com/uncle-bob/2013/03/06/ThePragmaticsOfTDD.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development
Agile Sights
24
Agile Sights
25
Open Space
In 140 Characters
A highly collaborative way to create room for people to design their own conference: Whatever
happens is the only thing that could have.
In 200 Words
Open Space Technology traces back to the early 1980s when Harrison Owen organized his
fourth conference on organizational transformation in a similar manner. During his first three
conferences on the topic he observed, that participants gave the feedback that the coffee breaks
were the most valuable part of the event. The essential idea is to have no formal agenda and let
participants build their own during the event.
The format was picked up by the Agile community soon, since it aligns with the values of selforganization, which is a central part of Agile approaches.
The execution of Open Spaces is simply explained
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
One should not underestimate the role of facilitation of such events. Setting the right tone and
constraints is crucial for this format to become valuable.
Examples for conferences based on Open Space Technology in the Agile community include
Agile Coach Camps, the annual ALE conference, Play4Agile, Scrum Gatherings and many more.
Unlimited Knowledge
OpenSpaceWorld
Wikipedia on Open Space
http://www.openspaceworld.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Space_Technology
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Agile Sights
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Lean Coffee
In 140 Characters
In need to meet - but no agenda? Try Lean Coffee to facilitate agenda-less meetings in a still
structured and effective way.
In 200 Words
Lean Coffee is a technique developed by Jim Benson and Jeremy Lightsmith in 2009. They
intended to provide room for participants to discuss several Lean techniques without having
the burden of a classical conference organization.
Similar to Open Space, Lean Coffee is designed to open up a room for people to exchange on
topics not known in advance. Lean Coffee supports this with a structure that helps people to
stay on track and keep an effective discussion.
A Lean Coffee is easy to set up:
1. Set up a Kanban board with columns To Discuss, In Discussion and Discussed
2. Every participant writes down his topic suggestions on post-its
3. Everybody presents his topic to the whole group in a few seconds and posts it to the To
Discuss column of a Kanban board
4. Topics are dot-voted and prioritized by all participants
5. Every topic is discussed for a certain timebox (typically 10-15 minutes)
6. The progress of the discussion is visualized on the Kanban board.
The technique is very well fitted for small conferences or workshops on a certain topic. But
you can also use it nicely for facilitating meetings of Communities of Practice or other regular
exchanges.
Unlimited Knowledge
Lean Coffee Website
Wall-Skills poster by Corinna Baldauf
http://www.leancoffee.org
http://www.wall-skills.com
Agile Sights
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You should now be equipped with the most urgent tools needed for a ScrumMaster. For the
remainder of the topics, there is no particular order I would suggest. The best would be you take
up your travel guide every evening and stroll through one chapter until you covered everything
you want to know. Afterwards start at the beginning :-)
Timed Tours
A Ten Minute Tour
Hey! Only ten minutes? Lets go:
Have a look at the visual of the Agile Manifesto.
Drop by at Lean Software Development and read through the principles shortly.
Read the description of the process, you are currently interested in: Scrum, Kanban or
eXtreme Programming.
See you tomorrow for a longer tour?
Bibliography
[Adzic12] Gojko Adzic; 2010; Impact Mapping: Making a Big Impact with Software Products
and Projects; Neuri Limited
[Ander10] David J. Anderson; 2010; Kanban: Successful Evolutionary Change for Your Technology Business; Blue Hole Press
[Beck04] Kent Beck, Cynthia Andres; 2004; eXtreme Programming Explained - Embrace
Change; Second Edition; Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam
[Beck02] Kent Beck; 2002; Test Driven Development. By Example; Second Edition; AddisonWesley Longman, Amsterdam
[Maas13] Olav Maassen, Chris Matts; 2013; Commitment: Novel about Managing Project Risk;
Hathaway Te Brake Publications
[Pop06] Mary Poppendieck, Tom Poppendieck; 2010; Implementing Lean Software Development: From Concept to Cash; Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam
[Pop09] Mary Poppendieck, Tom Poppendieck; 2010; Leading Lean Software Development:
Results are Not the Point; Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam
[Ries11] Eric Ries; 2011; The Lean Startup: How Constant Innovation Creates Radically
Successful Businesses; Portfolio Penguin
[Schwab04] Ken Schwaber; 2004; Agile Project Management with Scrum; Microsoft Press