CHEMISTRY YEAR 09 Class activity sheet-05 (Plum pudding model of the atom)

Lesson objectives:
By the end of this lesson, about 70% of the learners should be able to:

State the elements Daltons investigated and other scientists who through their work, Dalton came out with atomic theory
State Daltons atomic theory.

Recap of previous lesson:

What possible statements of Dalton in Daltons atomic theory can you remember?
Prompt for prior knowledge:
What do you known about Plum pudding?
(a)

The plum pudding atom.

Early scientists used atomic weights as a unit to compare elements. Since hydrogen had
the lowest atomic weight,
- William Prout who studied atomic weight of other elements suggested that all other
elements were made of different number of hydrogen atoms since atomic weights of other
elements appeared to be multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen.
Activity 01:
(a) (i) The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1. Suggest a reason why Prout proposed that
other elements were made up of different numbers of hydrogen atoms.

Joseph John (JJ) Thomsons investigations

- J.J Thomson thought that an atom had an internal structure.
- Thomson used an apparatus called cathode ray tube to investigate the conduction of
electricity by gases.
- A cathode ray tube produces rays when it is connected into an electric circuit.
- The rays were produced by the material from which the cathode was made.
- Thomson investigated the rays and discovered that they were made of tiny particles
which had a mass over a thousand times smaller than a hydrogen atom.
Thomson called the tiny particles corpuscles.
Activity 02:
(a) What name is given to the apparatus Thomson used for his investigations?

(b) What type of experiment was Thomson interested in?

(c) Thomson produced some rays in his experiment. How were these rays produced?

(d) Briefly describe how rays produced in Thomsons experiment look like.

(e) From the video,

(i)
What is the colour of the rays?

(ii)

What is the effect of electric and magnetic field on the rays?

.
(f) What name did Thomson finally give to the rays?

George stoney
- George Stoney named the tiny particles electrons.
- When Thomson used different materials for the cathode, he noticed that the electrons
they produced were the same.
- Thomson studied properties of electrons and discovered that they were negatively
charged
- Thomson proposed that an atom contain electrons.
- Thomson did not notice any positive charges in his experiment but suggested that an atom
also contained positive charges because an atom is electrically neutral (+1 1 = 0)
- In 1904, Thomson proposed a model for the atom called the
plum pudding model
- Thomson then described an atom like a plum pudding with
negatively charged electrons being surrounded by a
positive charge pudding.
Activity 03:
(a) What name did Stoney give to the rays in Thomsons experiment?

(b) What conclusion can be drawn from the rays coming from hydrogen gas and from
helium gas?

(c) How was it proven that the rays were negatively charged?

(d) Suggest a reason why Thomson proposed that atoms contain positive particles.

Plenery
- What did you learn you learn today?
ASSIGNMENT
1. According to Thomsons proposal that an atom contains electrons, is Daltons first statement
that all matter is composed tiny indivisible particles called atoms correct? Explain.

.
2. What creative thinking did Thomson have after his discovery of the electron? Explain.

(a) Draw a diagram of the plum pudding model of the atom.