Lipid Metabolism pathway

LDL

LDLR

CHOL

LIPC

BA
SR-B1

IDL
ApoER
LPL
Liver

ABCG5/8
ABC11
ABCB4
ABCC2

VLDL
Chylo
Remn

LPL

HDL

ApoE
ApoC2

CETP

Chylomicron

Cells and organisms use lipoproteins to move hydrophobic lipid molecules, which are not water
soluble, through the aqueous blood and tissue lymph environment. Lipoprotein particles are defined
by their complement of associated apolipoproteins (Apo) and their content of cholesterol (CHOL),
triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid that each particle carries. This protein and lipid content defines the
particles buoyant density and subdivides them into 4 major classes: high density lipoprotein (HDL),
low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicrons.
HDL is formed by the transfer of cholesterol and phospholipids onto apolipoproteinA-1 (ApoA-1) to
generate pre -HDL. This process is catalyzed by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 (ABCA1)
transporter, which is expressed in the peripheral tissues, intestine and liver (not shown here). The
cholesterol in the nascent pre -HDL is then esterified by lysolecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
(LCAT) as part of a process that generates mature spherical HDL. ABCG1, another ABC transporter,
is able to load more cholesterol onto mature HDL from peripheral tissues and along with ABCA1 is
important in allowing macrophages to efflux artery wall cholesterol, which prevents atherosclerotic
vessel disease. HDL cholesterol-esters are taken up by scavenger receptor BI (SRBI) in liver and after
hydrolysis the resulting free cholesterol is metabolized to bile acids (BA). The bile acids along with
more free cholesterol is excreted into the digestive tract via biliary secretion in a process that again
utilizes ABC transporters (ABCG5/ABCG8, ABCB11, ABCB4 and ABCC2).
Conversely, in the small intestine absorbed dietary fatty acids are converted into triglycerides (TG) and
are packaged and secreted into the bloodstream as chylomicrons, a lipoprotein particle rich in TG and
apoB-48. TG in this lipoprotein is rapidly hydrolyzed into free fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL),
leading to the formation of chylomicron remnants (Chylo Remn), which are taken up by the liver via
the apoE receptor (ApoER). Dietary cholesterol is also packaged into HDL particles by the action of
ABCA1 and ABCG1, and as HDL circulates there is an increase in its apoC2 and apoE ratio because
of a protein exchange between HDL and VLDL. Cholesterol ester from HDL is also transferred to
VLDL remnant particles (IDL) by the action of cholesteryl ester transfer protein
(CETP). IDL loses most of apolipoprotein except apoB and is converted
to LDL by the action of hepatic lipase (LIPC).

LCAT
ABCG1
ApoB

TG

ABCG1

pre-HDL

CHOL
NPC1

ABCG5
CHOL

ABCA1

ABCA1

ABCG8
Intestine

Peripheral
Tissues

Finally, LDL is taken up by liver and other tissues in an

endocytotic process that involves the LDL receptor (LDLR). In
humans mutations in the LDL receptor leads to elevated
plasma LDL levels (hypecholesterolemia), whereas
mutations in ABCA1 ablates circulating HDL (Tangier
disease). Mutations of ABCG5 or ABCG8 leads to
sitosterolemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of
circulating cholesterol and dietary plant sterols. In all of
these conditions the patients develop premature
cardiovascular disease.
Michael Fitzgerald PhD, Harvard Medical School

ApoA1

www.abcam.com
Produced in collaboration with Michael Fitzgerald PhD

Lipid Metabolism antibodies from Abcam:

Product

Clonality

Applications

Host

ABCA1
ABCA1
ABCA1
ABCA1
ABCB4
ABCG1
ABCG1
ABCG5
ABCG8
AMPK gamma 1
Apolipoprotein A I
Apolipoprotein A I
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein CII
Apolipoprotein E
Apolipoprotein E
BMAL1
BMAL1
Caveolin 1

M
P
P
M
M
M
P
P
P
M
P
M
P
M
P
P
P
M
P
M
P
P

ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB

Fast Track - see datasheet
IHC-Fr, IHC-P, IP, WB
WB
Flow Cyt, ICC, IHC-Fr, WB
ICC, IHC-P, WB
WB
WB
WB
Flow Cyt, ICC, IHC-P, IP, WB
IP, WB, ELISA
IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P
Dot, ELISA, IF, IHC-P, WB
ELISA, RIA
ID, IHC-P, WB
DID, Ie, IHC-Fr, RID, RIe
Fast Track - see datasheet
ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB
Flow Cyt, IHC-P, IP, WB
Dot, WB
ELISA, WB
ICC/IF, WB

Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit
Rat
Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit
Rabbit
Rabbit
Rabbit
Goat
Rabbit
Goat
Mouse
Rabbit
Sheep
Goat
Rabbit
Rabbit
Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit

CETP
CETP
Cholesterol Oxidase
COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2

M
P
P
P

ELISA, IP, WB
WB
Conjugation, Dot, ELISA, IP, WB
ICC, IHC-P, WB

Mouse
Rabbit
Goat
Goat

Species
Reactivity

Datasheet
www.abcam.com/ab

Hu, Ms, Chk

Hu*, Ms*, Rat*, Dog*
Hu, Ms, Mk
Ms
Hu
Hu, Ms, Rat, Cow
Ms, Hu*
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu, Rb
Hu
Hu, Ms
Hu, Rat, Gpig, Pig
Hu, Rat
Hu
Hu
Hu, Ms
Hu, Ms, Rat, Cow*,
Dog*, Pig*
Hu, Rb
Hu, Ms, Rat, Rb
Microorganisms
Hu, Ms, Rat, Shp,
Cow*, Dog*, Pig*

18180
14146
7360
48263
24108
52617
36969
45279
45280
32382
7613
52945
7616
20624
20737
8947
7618
52607
52924
53215
49421

Clonality

Applications

M
P
P
M
P
M
P
M
P
M
P
M
P

IHC-Fr, IHC-P
ELISA, WB
ELISA, WB
ELISA, IHC-Fr
EIA, IP, RIA, WB
Flow Cyt, IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P
ELISA, WB
WB
ELISA, IHC-P
Flow Cyt, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB
Flow Cyt, ICC, IHC-Fr, WB
WB
WB

Low Density LRP

18199
2726
19012
34495

Low Density LRP

MRP2
PON1
Scavenging Receptor SR-BI
Scavenging Receptor SR-BI
Scavenging Receptor SR-BI
VLDL
VLDL
VLDL
VLDL Receptor

M
M
P
M
M
P
P
M
P
M

Flow Cyt, IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF,

ELISA, IHC-Fr
ELISA, Flow Cyt, IHC-Fr, IP, WB
IHC-P, IP, WB, IHC-Fr, IP
ICC/IF, WB
BL, Flow Cyt, IHC-Fr
ICC, IHC-P, WB
WB
ELISA, WB
Flow Cyt, WB
ELISA, ICC/IF, WB
ELISA, WB

23672

*= predicted to react

Host

Species
Reactivity

Rabbit
Rabbit
Chicken
Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit
Chicken
Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit
Rabbit
Mouse
Rabbit

Hu, Ms,
Hu, Ms,
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu, Ms,
Hu, Ms,
Hu
Hu, Ms,
RMk*

Mouse
Mouse
Mouse
Rabbit
Mouse
Rabbit
Rabbit
Chicken
Mouse
Rabbit
Mouse

Datasheet
www.abcam.com/ab

Rat
Rat

Rat
Rat

21704
52237
15863
34788
51419
51060
15870
57471
14519
52818
30532
56493

Bb*, Chmp*,

Hu, Ms, Rb
Hu
Hu, Rat
Hu, Ms*, Rat*
Rat
Hu, Ms, Rat
Ms, Rat
Hu
Hu
Hu
Hu

65364
28320
23346
3373
53193
37231
52629
24603
16419
63977
35056
62543

Apolipoprotein E (ab52607)
Host
Mouse

Species cross reactivity

Hu, Ms, Chk

Host
Rabbit

Species cross reactivity

Hu, Ms, Rat, Cow

ABCG1 (ab52617)
Clonality Applications
M
ICC, IHC-P, WB

Product

COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2
COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2
HDL
HDL
HDL
LCAT
LDL
LDL
LDL (Copper oxidized)
LDL Receptor
LDL Receptor
LIPG
LIPG

ABCA1 (ab18180)
Clonality Applications
M
ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB

www.abcam.com/cardiovascular

Clonality Applications
M
ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB

Host
Rabbit

Species cross reactivity

Hu, Rat

Clonality Applications
Host
M
Flow Cyt, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB Rabbit

Species cross reactivity

Hu, Ms, Rat

LDL Receptor (ab52818)