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Vortex Shedding
15.0 Release
Introduction to ANSYS
Fluent
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Release 15.0
Introduction
Workshop Description:
The purpose of this workshop is to introduce good techniques for
transient flow modeling.
Learning Aims:
This workshop teaches skills for running Fluent for time-dependent
(transient) simulations. Topics covered include:
Selecting a suitable time step
Auto-saving results during the simulation
Generating images during the simulation
Learning Objectives:
To show how to set up, run and post-process a transient (timedependent) simulation, as well as additional skills in using custom field
functions and fast Fourier transforms.
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
Release 15.0
Simulation to be Performed
The case considered here is flow around a cylinder with a Reynolds number of
100
Vortex shedding will be observed. However the workshop starts with a steady
state analysis assuming that the user didnt anticipate this behavior
The tutorial is carried out using Fluent and CFD-Post in standalone mode
Introduction
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Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
Post-Processing
Summary
Release 14.0
Computational Domain
The computational domain was created in ANSYS DesignModeler and has the
following dimensions
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Name
Location
Dimension
Cylinder
D1
2 m (dia.)
Inlet Length
D2
20 m = 10 D
Outlet Length
D3
30 m = 15 D
Width
D4
40 m = 20 D
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
Release 15.0
Re > 3.5106
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Mesh
Read the Fluent mesh file : vortex-shedding-coarse.msh (File > Read > Mesh)
The mesh will be read in and displayed, and the zone names will be shown in the TUI window.
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Mesh
The mesh needs scaling
- Select Scale (Solution Setup > General > Scale), and enter the values shown for the
scaling factors, then press Scale
- Be careful only to press Scale once
Final domain
extents
Model Setup
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Post-Processing
Summary
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Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
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- Outlet :
Select boundary out
Keep default of 0 Pa
- Other boundaries :
cylinder is set to a wall, no action needed
sym1 and sym2 are set to symmetry, no action needed
Solution Methods
- Keep default settings
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
Release 15.0
Solution Monitor
Set up residual monitors to monitor convergence
- Monitors > Residuals > Edit
- Make sure Plot is on, then OK
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
Release 15.0
Solution Initialization
Initialize the flow field based on the inlet boundary
- Select Standard Initialization
- Compute from > in (inlet zone)
- Initialize
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
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Summary
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Run Calculation
Set the number of requested iterations to 400 then Calculate
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Run Calculation
Choose Graphics and Animations > Vectors
- Since this is a 2D simulation, there is no need to pick a surface, just Display
Steady state
solution is
asymmetric.
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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To obtain a more realistic solution to this problem we will solve it again, but in a
transient (time dependent) manner
Under Solution Setup > General, change the time option to Transient
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
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Summary
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Run Calculation
For the transient scheme, the default pressure-velocity coupling (SIMPLE) may
require more iterations to converge than other available choices
- Change to the PISO scheme and 2nd order implicit transient formulation as shown in the
image below
- Also change the pressure under-relaxation factor as shown in the image
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
Release 15.0
Solution Monitor
Edit the Surface monitor
- Change Get Data Every to Time Step. Also set X Axis to Time Step
- OK
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
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Summary
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Run Calculation
Save the transient case file before starting the computation
We need to identify a suitable time step size for this problem.
1) A quick way is to do a hand-calculation to see how long it takes for the flow to pass
through a typical grid cell. Run this, and check that convergence occurs in less that 20
iterations per time step.
2) Another approach is to determine the characteristic response of the system. By
performing a literature search, we believe that for this problem, the Strouhal number will
be approximately 0.165 at this Reynolds number. From this, we can predict the period of
the oscillation:
St
fD
1
D
period
6.06 s
V
f St.V
For each oscillation cycle, we will aim to solve 60 time steps, Hence we will run the solver
using a time step size of 0.1s.
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Run Calculation
Specify the time step size (0.1 s) and number of time steps (120)
Click on the Extrapolate Variables option
Calculate the Solution
Use this option to
change the display to
show both output
Windows
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Summary
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Run Calculation
Save the transient case and data files
Note if you add the string %t to the filename (vortex-shedding-transient-%t.gz) then
Fluent will append the current time value to the filename. Note also that this file just
contains the results at the current time step. If you require interim results as the solution
progresses, use the Autosave feature prior to running the model. We will do this shortly.
Although we now have simulated a couple of oscillations, in order to obtain a true
representation of the vortex shedding we need to simulate many more cycles. With each
cycle, the starting position converges with time until eventually all cycles are identical.
It will take many cycles to achieve this, so we have provided case and data files that has
already been converged (simulation time of 84secs). You will then run this on for a further
couple of cycles to extract the detail of the fluctuating flow patterns.
Model Setup
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Solving
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Summary
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NITA
Enable the Non Iterative Time Advancement Method (NITA)
- With Fractional Step for Pressure-Velocity Coupling
- NITA is an algorithm used to speed up the
transient solution process
- PISO (NITA/PISO)
- Fractional-step method (NITA/FSM)
About 20% cheaper than NITA/PISO on a per
time-step basis
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Result Analysis
Save the transient case and data files with the name transient-detail
One of the ways of quantifying the wake vortices is through the use of the Q-Criterion. The
formula for this is below. It is not a standard quantity computed by Fluent, however since
we know the formula, we can ask Fluent to compute it at each grid cell.
Q
U V U V
.
x y y x
- Select solver quantities using the pull down list at the right hand side to construct this
function as shown, then press Define
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Summary
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Model Setup
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Summary
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Close the contour panel, then OK to both panels opened on previous slide
Introduction
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Solution Monitors
Edit the Surface monitor again
- Check the box next to Write and specify a name for the file
- This type of file can be used for Fourier Transform analysis
- OK
Introduction
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Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
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Introduction
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Model Setup
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Post-Processing [Fluent]
To run the animation (Graphics and Animation in the navigation pane on the left,
then choose Solution Animation Playback and Set Up)
- Use the Play button to view a movie of the series of images
- If desired, this can be written out as an mpeg movie
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
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Post-Processing [Fluent]
From the Plots Menu, select FFT then Set Up
From the Fourier Transform Window, Load Input File and pick the supplied file fftdata-2000-timesteps.out (this file was generated after running the simulation for
2000 time steps. Tip: You may need to alter the file selection filter to All Files to
see this)
Pick Magnitude for Y-Axis Function
Pick Strouhal Number for X-Axis Function
. Continued on next slide
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Post-Processing [FFT]
Pick Axes, and for the X-Axis turn off Auto-Range
Set bounds from 0.05 to 1. Apply, then close
Select Plot FFT
. Continued on next slide
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Summary
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Post-Processing [FFT]
You may need to change the graphic window so that Spectral Analysis is visible
Model Setup
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Summary
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Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
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Post-Processing [CFD-Post]
Animations done in CFD-Post can be based on all the data files already saved.
Thus, you can create animations of anything after the calculation is finished
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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Post-Processing
Summary
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Post-Processing [CFD-Post]
Insert a vector
-
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Solving
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Post-Processing [CFD-Post]
Activate the Timestep Selector panel
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
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Summary
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Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Solving
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Wrap-up
This workshop has shown the basic steps that are applied in all CFD simulations:
- Setting boundary conditions and solver settings
- Running steady and transient models
- Using iterative and non-iterative advancement schemes
- Post-processing the results, both in Fluent and CFD-Post for transient
cases
One of the important things to remember in your own work is, before even
starting the ANSYS software, is to think WHY you are performing the simulation:
- What information are you looking for?
- What do you know about the boundary conditions?
In this case we were interested in calculating flow around a cylinder, and assessing
the vortex shedding frequency. We checked with FFT analysis that the predicted
frequency is in good agreement with results from literature.
Knowing your aims from the start will help you make sensible decisions of how
large to make the domain, the level of mesh resolution needed, and which
numerical schemes should be selected.
Introduction
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
February 28, 2014
Solving
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References
Braza, M., Chassaing, P., and Minh, H.H., Numerical Study and Physical Analysis of
the Pressure and Velocity Fields in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder, J.
Fluid Mech., 165:79-130, 1986.
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