International Aquafeed - November - December 2015 - FULL EDITION

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
Acidifier concepts
in aquafeed
- high quality feed additives
The Ginger Shrimp

- a promising species for
shrimp aquaculture in
coastal Gujarat State
Nutraceutics
- for the control of bacterial
coldwater disease
Extrusion, essential
oils and fish feed
optimisation
Aquaculture Europe 2015 review
Volume 18 Issue 6 - NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2015
Editor
Professor Simon Davies
Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk
Associate Editors
Dr Albert Tacon
Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk
Dr Yu Yu
Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
Email: mai@perendale.co.uk
Editorial Advisory Panel
Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)
Dr Albert Tacon (USA)
Professor Antnio Gouveia (Portugal)
Professor Charles Bai (Korea)
Colin Mair (UK)
Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)
Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)
Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)
Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)
Eric De Muylder (Belgium)
Dr Pedro Encarnao (Singapore)
Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)
Editorial team
Olivia Holden
Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk
Malachi Stone
Email: malachis@perendale.co.uk
Peter Parker
Email: peterp@perendale.co.uk
Andrew Wilkinson
Email: andreww@perendale.co.uk
Editor - Asia Pacific
Roy Palmer
Email: royp@perendale.com
Publisher
Roger Gilbert
Email: rogerg@perendale.co.uk
Circulation & Events Manager
Tuti Tan
Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk
Design Manager
James Taylor
Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk
International marketing team (UK)
Darren Parris
Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk
Tom Blacker
Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk
Latin America
Ivn Marquetti
Email: ivanm@perendale.com
Pablo Porcel de Peralta
Email: pablop@perendale.com
India
Ritu Kala
Email: rituk@perendale.com
Africa
Nathan Nwosu
Email: nathann@perendale.com
More information:
International Aquafeed
7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square
Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1242 267706
Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk
CONTENTS
Volume 18 / Issue 6 / November-December 2015 / Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved
REGULAR ITEMS
FEATURES
3-10 INDUSTRY NEWS

6
THE AQUACULTURISTS
28 PHOTOSHOOT
34 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP
40 INDUSTRY EVENTS
52 THE MARKET PLACE
54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW
56 INDUSTRY FACES
12
The Ginger Shrimp - Metapenaeus

kutchensis: a promising species
for shrimp aquaculture in coastal
Gujarat State, India
14
Nutraceutics for the control of

bacterial coldwater disease
16
Extrusion, essential oils and fish

feed optimisation
18
Putting it all together
22
Acidifier concepts in aquafeed

high quality feed additives
32
More than a mycotoxin binder
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

SUPPLEMENT
002 Aquaculture sustainability and
tourism
006 Urban Aquaponics at Grow Bristol
SPECIAL
30
2015/16 INDUSTRY PROFILES
International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent
inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken
on the basis of information published. Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
Creoso - welcome
easons Greetings and Hwyl Fawr (Welsh for

Great Health!). Last month was a most interesting
period for me with a number of engagements
in continental Europe, a short visit by military
transport to Greenland, and of course the attendance
of the European Aquaculture 2015 event in Rotterdam.
It was so nice to be back in Holland again with so many
close friends and acquaintances over my three decades in
academia. So many past student successes now some with
PhDs and working for the industry at large. Their loyalty
and support for me makes the job I have so worthwhile
and I appreciated their good company. A few now work
for AquaBioTech group in Malta under Shane Hunter and
undertaking excellent R&D work including fish feeding trials
and innovative aquaculture technology and consultancy
where it is needed. The group had a strong presence in
Rotterdam attracting much deserved attention.
In my new role at Harper Adams University in central
England I would hope to venture more widely and see new
places in the future and extend my horizons. This UK University
is dedicated to making investments in aquaculture with new
Meet the Aquafeed team at

upcoming international events
appointments under my direction. I will present a feature concerning my new role in a future issue of IAF.
Aquaculture Europe was well attended and a good number
of trade stands were present with a sound representation of
the Aquafeed industry including this magazine. I finally met our
own Peter Parker without his spider man costume, but I suppose must congratulate both Roger Gilbert and Peter on the
All Blacks win as two resident Kiwis. Well done! (However, I
did see the All Blacks get beaten by Llanelli Scarlets in 1972!!)
One major breaking news is the FDA approval for GMO
salmon and I have actually met with the AquaBounty team
on several occasions and followed their progression. We last
spoke about the potential of transgenic Atlantic salmon at the
Biomarine event in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 2013 and I do wish
them well. Whatever ones view and I am positive, the scientific
breakthrough is outstanding and will likely change the animal
production industry forever. The possibilities are enormous but
will certainly impact on the Aquafeed sector since faster growing fish will require feeding and higher yields will place further
demands on formulated feeds and the associated dependency
on high quality raw materials and feed ingredients.
The quest for novel protein and oils for Aquafeeds continues and I am personally involved in developing patented
technologies towards that aim. I am now appreciating the
amount of developmental work and patience required to deal
with lawyers and their language that is quite different from my
type of science speak. My step into the commercial world and
maintaining my academic role has been challenging but rewarding and has given me a new mandate for learning. Its never too
late to feed your brain with EPA & DHA.
In this issue we have a feature on Ginger shrimp from
India by S. I. Yusufzai, S. R. Lende and P. J. Mahida from the
Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Science,
Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat, India. The action of
specific types of Nutraceutics for the control of bacterial cold
water disease by representatives from both Spain and Argentina
are reviewed. We report on Extrusion, Essential Oils and Fish
Feed Optimisation using advanced microencapsulation improving delivery of phytogenic feed additives by Rui Gonalves and
Gonalo A. Santos, Biomin Holding GmbH, Austria.
Our extensive news platform, regular features and interviews with key stake-holders from the industry complements
our content.
I am mindful that this issue is the last for 2015 and I wish
you all the best for the Christmas season, and a prosperous
New Year!! 2016 will list some important events with the
Olympic Games in Brazil (we will try to feature some timely
aspect of Brazilian aquaculture), the influence of the American
Presidential election (Aquaculture Bill) and the future of US fish
farming industry may feature in a later editorial.
Nadolig LLawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda
(Welsh for Happy Christmas and Happy New Year!!)
Meet the IAF team at booth 437
NEWS
The role of lipids

Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant
professor of food chemistry,
University of Athens, Greece
International Aquafeed
Executive Editor Oliva Holden
returning to legal career
t is with a heavy heart we say a farewell to our very

own Executive Editor, Olivia Holden. Having passed
the English Bar exam before joining us, Olivia
was always destined to return to the legal sector.
Going back to law school, Olivia reflects on her time
with Milling and Grain, "I have had a wonderful time
overseeing and helping to implement many fantastic
changes to Milling and Grain magazine, meeting many
great people involved in the feed and flour milling
industries. A particular highlight was attending the
World Expo in Milan where the topic of feeding the
planet, energy for life really instilled the fundamental
importance of this industry. Olivia leaves us in
December having edited the last 12 editions, we wish
her all the best and I am no doubt we will stay in
touch.
Seasons greetings
he whole team at International Aquafeed

would like to take a moment to thank our
writers, advertisers - and most importantly,
you, our readers for your continued support
in 2015.
The magazine has had a fantastic 2015, and we
have some exciting content coming up in the new
year. We hope to see even more of you on our
travels around the globe and at the many diverse
trade events that we will be attending throughout
2016.
We would like to wish you all a prosperous, happy

and healthy New Year.
Roger Gilbert & the team at International
Aquafeed magazine
n aquaculture, some of us focus on the nutrition of fish and how

to increase the specific growth rate of fish, digestibility of the feeds
for example. Some others of us focus on the nutritional value of
fish, their content of specific fatty acids, if these acids are saturated,
unsaturated or polyunsaturated or whether the fish lipids have antiinflammatory activities.
There is no doubt that these two distinctive groups of scientists
work for the same goal but are they really talking to each other?
In other words, do the fish nutritionists and the human nutritionists
have strong communication channels for the simultaneous development of aquafeeds and fish nutritional value?
The link of these two scientific communities is (or could be) a class
of compounds called lipids. The term lipids is originated from the
greek word (fat as a noun) and it includes all the organic
compounds that are greasy to the touch, insoluble in water but
soluble in alcohol and ether. Although, lipid compounds are clustered
as lipids because of their solubility properties, the lipid class includes
an amazing variety of molecules ranging from tiny (in terms of
molecular weight and size) free fatty acids with either short or long
carbon chain till rather big and bulky molecules with simple or
complex biochemistry (wax, and glycerolipids/phospholipids, respectively).
There is a wealth of evidence that lipids are essential for the development of larvae and the growth of fish at later stages. Fish oil and
fishmeal are used as main ingredients in carnivorous and lately also
omnivorous fish species culture. Fish oil has high levels of n-3HUFA
(n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids) whereas fishmeal has relatively
stable lipid content (8-9 percent) and the percentage of EPA, DPA
and DHA is often higher compared to fish oil.
On the other hand, the fatty acids that are essential for fish growth
might not have so strong positive nutritional value as previously
thought. For instance, PUFA have been recently shown not to have
an effect on inhibiting atherosclerosis and the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Some other lipid compounds (e.g. phospholipids such
as derivatives of phosphocholine, phosphoserine and phosphoethanolamine) have been found to have strong anti-inflammatory properties.
The ambitious challenge for the coming year and beyond is a rather
demanding one: how we can create more all-inclusive studies in
aquaculture? How can we design novel aquafeeds that are functional
into two levels, for example, for the growth of the fish species but
also for the enrichment of the nutritional value of the final produce?
Lipid molecules might hold some important biochemical secrets
for us. Lets try to discover their value in a holistic way bearing in
mind that lipids is the keyword for both commercial and nutritional
success.
izabet@chem.uoa.gr
@yanzabet
November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3
NEWS
The eight finalists of the 2015 Alltech Young Scientist programme were honoured
by Alltech at the companys international conference attended by nearly 3000
people from 63 countries. On the left is Dr Aoife Lyons, the director of educational
initiatives at Alltech, and on the far right is Dr Inge Russell, scientific advisor to
the Alltech Young Scientist programme. Registration for the 2016 Alltech Young
Scientist programme is open until December 31
2016 Alltech Young Scientist programme registration extended
or some young scientists, Alltech has an early Christmas gift. The opportunity to register for the 2016 Alltech Young Scientist programme,
the worlds largest university-level competition in agriscience, has been extended until December 31.
Earlier this year it was announced that 2016s programme would become the first edition to offer fully funded PhD and post-doctorate
positions to the global undergraduate and graduate winners who also receive international recognition, trophies and cash awards.
Students must be nominated by a professor in order to participate and may submit scientific papers on topics such as animal health and nutrition,
crop science, agriculture analytical methods, food chain safety and traceability, human health and nutrition and other agriscience related sectors.
Paper submission must be completed online by December 31, 2015.
Each students paper will first compete within their home region of North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe or Africa. Finalists from
all four regions will be invited to attend an all-expense-paid Alltech Young Scientist Discovery Week in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, where they will
compete in the global competition. Each finalist will present his or her paper to a panel of international judges and a live audience during ONE:
The Alltech Ideas Conference, May 22-25, 2016.
The Alltech Young Scientist programme has uncovered some of the best and brightest emerging research talent in agriscience and Alltech wants
these leaders to join our team, said Dr Pearse Lyons, president and founder of Alltech.
The Alltech Young Scientist programme, now in its 11th year, received more than 8800 student registrations for the 2015 term. For a look at
last years eight finalists, view this clip.
First MSC certified whole lobster for

Christmas in the UK at Lidl
he 5 Christmas lobster has been a

Christmas favourite for the past few
years but, until now, its been difficult
to know if it is sustainable. This year, Lidl has
joined forces with the Marine Stewardship
Council to introduce the first whole lobster
that is MSC certified as sustainable. And this
year, it costs less than a fiver.
make sure the lobsters are in the best possible

condition. The fishermen use small boats and
baited traps to catch the lobsters and any that
are too small get returned to the sea. All of
the fishermen live in small towns around the
coast of New Brunswick where lobsters are at
the heart of the local economy.
Cold, clean Canadian waters
Like many crustaceans (including the prawns

and shrimps used for sushi), lobster freezes
incredibly well and the New Brunswick
lobsters are cooked and frozen locally before
being shipped to the UK, providing a low
impact treat for Lidl customers.
The MSC certified lobsters come from the

cold, clear waters of New Brunswick, Canada.
The sea is a defining part of New Brunswick
life. Nearly two thirds of the population life
within 30 miles of the sea and local residents describe it as the best lobster in the
world.
Lobster fishing is only a very short season,
just two months, to protect the stock and
Getting to the UK
Long-term commitment
Alexandra Scholes, Fish and Seafood Buyer

for Lidl said, We first introduced Marine
Stewardship Council (MSC) products into our

stores in 2006 and have continually expanded
this range ever since. We are proud to be the
first British supermarket to sell MSC assured
whole lobster, and in addition to this 100
percent of our fresh ongoing (wild caught) fish
is MSC certified and labelled and this range is
available in stores all year round.
Toby Middleton, Programme Director
North East Atlantic for the MSC said, Lidl
have worked closely with the MSC over the
past year to build up their range of MSC
certified fish and shellfish. That hard work is
really paying off with 41 of their wild seafood
products now MSC labelled, a 24 percent
increase on 2014. Its a real commitment
to demonstrably sustainable sourcing that is
providing a benefit to their customers. This
lobster is a perfect example, a great value,
sustainable product from the cold, pristine
waters of Canada. A perfect Christmas
treat.
4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | November-December 2015
NEWS
Lesaffre signs agreement to acquire majority share in Guangxi Sungain Yeast and
Guangxi Sungain Biological Technology
ursuing its expansion strategy on the

Chinese market, Lesaffre, a key global
company in the field of yeast and fermentation, has signed an agreement with the
Chinese group Guangxi Sungain Sugar.
As Franois Hollande, the President of the
French Republic, was in China, Antoine Baule,
Lesaffres Chief Executive Officer, signed an
agreement to acquire a majority shareholding
in Guangxi Sungain Yeast Co Ltd and Guangxi
Sungain Biological Co Ltd.
Having star ted production in December
2009 and September 2014 respectively, these
yeast and yeast extract companies are based
at Chongzuo, Guangxi region, 150 km from
Nanning, the most important region for the
production of sugar cane in China. As subsidiaries of the Sungain group, one of the 8
most important sugar producers in Guangxi,
China, they employ 275 people and have high
standard industrial units.
Lesaffre has been present on the Chinese
West Australia commits to

aquaculture certification
he Aquaculture Stewardship Council

(ASC) has been chosen by the West
Australian Government as the standard
of choice for the performance of aquaculture producers in the State, to be assessed as
responsible against both environmental and
social requirements.
Fisheries Minister Ken Baston said the
Seafood Directions 2015 conference, being
held in Perth this week, would clearly demonstrate growing consumer expectations that
the fish they eat has been sourced from sustainably managed fisheries or fish farms.
Retailer Yata promotes

ASC certified seafood in
Hong Kong
o mark its commitment to responsible

seafood sourcing, retailer Yata in collaboration with KLG Fine Food ran a
promotional campaign in Hong Kong from 6
October to 2 November 2015.
The campaign promoted the ASC labelled
products Fish Monk frozen pangasius fillets
and Fish Monk frozen vannamei shrimp in
the Yata Tuen Mun Store and Yata Kwun Tong
Store in Hong Kong.
We are happy to be able to provide respon-
market since the 80s with its premium SafInstant brand. In 1999, the group acquired
a yeast plant at Ming Guang, near Nankin,
300 km from Shanghai. In 2010, two
new plants - one for yeast and one for
yeast extracts - were commissioned at
Laibin, Guangxi, in par tnership with the
sugar producer Donta. Lesaffre also uses
four Baking Centre in Shanghai, HongKong, Beijing and Canton to offer technical suppor t to its customers for mantou
(Chinese steamed bun) and bread making.
It employs 950 people in China.
With this operation, Lesaffre will strengthen
its presence and its offering to Chinese customers, not only in baking but also in the field
of food taste and pleasure, in animal nutrition and health, and in nutriments for biotechnologies.
Antoine Baule, Lesaffres Chief Executive
Officer: China is a promising market in the
fields in which we operate. Lesaffre welcomes
this new operation, which will enable us to

strengthen our position in this country, where
we have been present for many years and
where we want to work long term. We have
decided to invest in a significant way in the
development of Sungain, as much in sales as in
operations planning, in answer to the increasing
market demand, especially for yeast for mantou,
animal nutrition and biotechnologies. With our
investments in China, we are establishing our
will to be close to our customers, to offer
them our products and services and fulfill their
specific requirements.
Lao Jian Ming, Chairman of Guangxi Sungain
Sugar: We are very pleased to join forces
with Lesaffre, a family company internationally known and recognised for its industrial
expertise and the quality of its services and
products. We share with this French company
a common vision of development and
respecting the environment and the health of
the end consumer.
Sustainability in our seafood sector is a key

priority for us, Minister Baston said.
The ASC applies a third-party certification
system, meaning that certification of fish farms
and fish product suppliers will be done by
independent certifiers.
For our wild-capture fisheries, WA has
embraced independent sustainability certification through the Marine Stewardship Council
and has been suppor ting our commercial
fisheries to undertake the necessary assessments.
We have also been moving to expand
aquaculture opportunities in the State and
the ASC has a metrics based and transparent
assessment program.
Third party seafood certification plays a

vital role in global seafood trade, its important that we get this right.
Chris Ninnes, ASCs chief executive officer,
said the Western Australian Government had
shown great leadership in its commitment to
a sustainable seafood industry.
He said he was delighted the ASC certification program was chosen as independent verification of the responsible management of the
States aquaculture.
In August, the WA Government announced
its Statement of Commitment to Aquaculture,
recognising it as a legitimate user of the States
land and aquatic resources.
sibly farmed seafood in our stores. At Yata we

want to inform our customers that they can
make responsible choices when they shop.
The ASC logo makes choosing responsibly
farmed fish easy. Consumers can be sure of
the source of their seafood, said Paul Leung,
Deputy Department Manager, merchandising
of Yata Ltd.
KLG Fine Food earned ASC certification in
August 2014. The company has supplied ASC
certified seafood to Yata since June 2015.
We have committed to the ASC programme because sourcing and providing
sustainable food is one of our core values.
Consumers are increasingly concerned about
overfishing and environmental and social

impacts of aquaculture. They want healthy and
responsibly farmed fish in their grocery shops,
said Leung Ka Shing, KLG Sales Director.
ASC Chain of Custody is a tool for seafood
supply chain companies that want to become
more transparent. It is important to have such
a great support from retailers, which Yata is
demonstrating through its campaign. I am
sure the collaboration between KLG and Yata
will help raise awareness about the importance and benefits of choosing responsibly
farmed seafood in Hong Kong, said Esther
Luiten, ASC Senior Commercial Marketing
Manager.
Certainty at last:
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NEWS
i i i i i i i
i
i i
The Aquaculturists
A regular look inside

the aquaculture
industry
GSSI: Global Benchmark Tool
successfully launched
GSSI Partners say thank you to
all participants making the Global
Benchmark Tool launch on 8
October in Vigo a success.
http://bit.ly/1HbweLX
Yara acquires Pilbara ammonia

and nitrate assets from Apache
Corporation
Yara International has acquired 100
percent of the shares in Apache
Fertilisers Pty Ltd, which holds
Apache's 49 percent ownership
position in Yara Pilbara Holdings Pty
Ltd (YPHL), for USD 391 million.
http://bit.ly/1kpB7vV
Gilmore Fish smokehouse

recalling all canned sturgeon and
salmon products due to possible
health risk
Gilmore Fish of Dallespor t,
Washington, USA is voluntarily
recalling ALL canned (Gourmet
smoked Columbia sturgeon, fresh
packed Pacific salmon, gourmet
smoked Chinook salmon), Gilmore
Fish brand, with any codes starting
with "OC" because it has the
potential to be contaminated with
Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium
that can cause life-threatening
illness or death.
http://bit.ly/1MZlmZz
Breizh Algae Tour 2015 Report

You can view a range of videos
of the conference and individual
presentations on the website
http://bit.ly/20P3rc9
www.theaquaculturists
.blogspot.com
Storage stability of flavonoids confirmed by long-term study
he Dr Eckel health product line uses

highly effective and unique plant compounds. The raw materials undergo
an extremely careful selection process
because the quality of value-adding ingredients is crucial to the later effectiveness
of the products. The differences in quality
between phytogenic products available on
the market are immense. The decisive factor
in the selection of raw materials is the certainty that the greatest care has been taken
during harvesting or pre-processing.
Figure 1: Flavonoid content in hops according to

storage location and time
Excellent quality as a prerequisite

for the desired effect
Flavonoids that come from inferior quality

sources do not always live up to their
promises. After being stored for several
months or after being processed in a feed
mill, their effectiveness can often no longer
be guaranteed to be stable. The user is disappointed because the plant-based active
substances do not achieve the desired effect.
The claim and promise to users make
it necessary not only to record the initial
contents of value-adding plant substances,
but also to carry out more detailed investigations into their durability under different
influences during storage.
Flavonoids are stable in phytogenic

products by Dr Eckel
Figure 2: Flavonoid content in green tea extract

according to storage location and time
As part of a comprehensive long-term study,

Dr Eckel has provided impressive evidence of
the storage stability of the secondary plant compounds used based on the example of flavonoids
in hops and green tea. These specifically selected
raw materials, along with other components,
are also key components in the AntaPhyt and
AntaOx products. To guarantee reliable effectiveness and product quality, extensive studies
were carried out to investigate and rule out
possible negative factors that affect their stability.
Research focused on the effects of storage
time, light and packaging type on the stability of
flavonoids in hops and green tea extract. To do
this, relevant product samples were stored in different ways. The samples were stored in differently sealed bags under varied lighting conditions. The respective samples were analysed at
intervals of three months for a total period of
13 months.
During storage of hop-based products an
increase in the value-adding flavonoid content
was detected. This increase in the flavonoid level
compared with the initial reading is due to the

fact that some of the flavonoids are present in
bound form. Only after a certain period of storage
they are released and can now be measured. The
results are much higher than the values guaranteed in the product specification and therefore
ensure an extremely high level of effectiveness
(figure 1).
The flavonoids in the selected green tea extract
used by Dr Eckel (figure 2) demonstrated only
a slight decrease during the observation period
of 13 months. In all trials and during the whole
storage period, active ingredients were determined that are above the values guaranteed by
Dr Eckel GmbH.
As the quality and effectiveness of raw plant
materials can var y enormously according to
variety, origin, post-harvest treatment and processing, components from other suppliers require
separate investigation.
In summary, the product quality of the raw materials used in the Dr Eckel health product line is outstanding even after a 13-month storage period with
exposure to light and in different types of packaging.
The studies that produced the results presented
here were funded by the German Federal Agency
for Agriculture and Food (BLE) as part of a programme to promote innovation.
NEWS
Recognition for special
Filipina during IWSP
Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture
without Frontiers
ast week the world celebrated International Week of Science and Peace
(IWSP) it is when we acknowledge activities related to the study and
dissemination of information on the links between progress in science
and technology and maintenance of peace and security; and promote international co-operation among scientists.
Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) is therefore very excited to
introduce Belinda Miranda-Garrido, the Management Coordinator of Roxas
City Coastal Resource Management office in the Philippines, who has been
awarded the Aquaculture without Frontiers Woman of the Month for
November 2015!
Ms Garrido has spent almost 30 years in public service at the local level
which has impacted provincial and regional levels on aquaculture and fisheries management including social and economic empowerment of men and
women involved. In addition, her projects with the local communities on ecotourism have been given, not only local recognition, but also recently national
recognition by the Association of Tourism Officers in the Philippines. The
project she spearheaded, the Cadimahan River Tour, was awarded Grand
Winner for Best Practice in Community-Based Responsible Tourism AwardTourism Enterprise 2015. This is a project of the Roxas City Government
for Lawis Baybay Small Fisherfolk Association in partnership with schools,
NGAs, NGOs and private sector. This initiative helped feed the fisher folk
families and helped rehabilitate Cadimahan River advancing food security for
disadvantaged people.
Their Diwal (also known as Angel Wings) Rehabilitation Project won First
Place in the Best Public Sector Project RDC-NEDA 6 in 2005. Two decades
ago, Roxas City in Capiz almost lost its prized shellfish diwal due to overharvesting. Overharvesting resulted in the rapid decline of volume in 1987 and
the bivalve had since remained scarce for almost a decade. Garrido and the
city government implemented a rehabilitation and regulation program to save
the diwal from extinction. Only the thorough comprehensive rehabilitation
program in 1997 saved the bivalve from near extinction. Now diwal is one
of the tourist-drawers of the city and the much sought-after delicacy is partly
responsible for its recognition as the countrys seafood capital.
Belinda is now conducting river profiling towards the development of a
sewerage treatment facility to ensure safe seafoods which are being cultured
in rivers like oysters and mussels. She also works with communities on mangrove reforestation of river banks, clearing and clean-up. Her other projects
for communities transferring knowledge and technology increasing capability
and capacity are vermiculture and vermicomposting and organic medicinal /
herbal growing and utilisation.
With her leadership and compassionate but firm approach, she has
become a model to the women and men in the communities. With her
determination and willpower, faith in God, and ability to work within a
team of multidisciplinary backgrounds, she has given motivation to them
that they can change for the better and improve their wellbeing through
helping themselves. Ms Garrido facilitated a way to make local government
support practical and participatory to involve partnerships with communities
who need help alleviating poverty and malnutrition. She is an inspiration and
positive role model to both men and women throughout aquaculture and
fisheries communities. AwF is delighted to honour her, especially during the
time of IWSP.
If you would like to nominate a woman to be the next Woman of the
Month, please check the Criteria and complete the Nomination Form at
http://www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org/
VIV MEA
2016
FEBRUARY 15-17,
ABU DHABI, U.A.E.
INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM
FROM FEED TO FOOD
FOR THE MIDDLE EAST
AND AFRICA
WWW.VIV.NET
NEWS
Australian supermarket Coles makes wave

of change in sustainable seafood
oles have created a wave

of change becoming the
first major supermarket
in Australia to offer its customers
certified sustainable and traceable
seafood in their delis. Australian
seafood lovers can now buy
Aquaculture Stewardship Council
(ASC), and Marine Stewardship
Council (MSC) eco-labelled
seafood in the deli at their local
Coles supermarket.
Across the country Coles fresh
salmon will be ASC certified as
responsibly farmed and their
Queensland wild-caught prawns
will be MSC certified as sustainably caught.
MSC Asia Pacific Director
Patr ick Caleo is extremely
pleased with Coles leadership
and pioneering move into sustainable seafood.
Coles is the first major supermarket in Australia to offer, certified sustainable seafood at their
deli counters. Not only are Coles
providing Australians with certified sustainable seafood options,

theyve done an enormous
amount of work through the
supply chain to ensure their
seafood is traceable from ocean
all the way to the deli counter.
As Aussies love our seafood and
want to safeguard our oceans for
generations to come, choosing
certified sustainable seafood from
Coles is an easy and delicious way
to contribute to the health of the
ocean.
Chris Ninnes, ASCs CEO,
said:
As one of Australias largest
retailers, Coles is leading the way
with responsibly farmed seafood
sourcing in Australia. By offering
ASC certified and labeled salmon
in their delis, Coles customers
dont have to worry about where
their fish comes from and can
enjoy their salmon knowing that it
is sourced from a farm that treats
the environment with care and
Die and roll re-working machines
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Phone: +45 75 14 22 55
Fax: +45 82 28 91 41
mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk
O&J Hjtryk A/S

rnevej 1, DK-6705
Esbjerg
CVR.: 73 66 86 11
respect. All they need to do is

look for the ASC logo.
Coles now offers customers
sustainably caught or responsibly
farmed Coles Brand seafood.
This month Coles launches its
seafood campaign highlighting its
range of Coles Brand responsibly
sourced seafood to help its customers make better choices to
protect the oceans, environment
and local communities.
Char lotte Rhodes, Coles
Gener al Manager Deli and
Seafood said Coles responsible
sourcing program is providing
greater transparency, traceability
and labeling making it easier for
customers to choose sustainable
seafood.
With more customers looking
for responsibly sourced seafood
and keen to know where their
food comes from, Coles is proud
to ensure our Coles Brand
seafood is responsibly sourced
and introduce MSC and ASC certified products in our Delis.
Coles sourcing program
means seafood lovers can now be
confident when buying from our
Coles Brand seafood range that it
is responsibly sourced which gives
them the choice to help make
a difference for the environment
and contribute towards a more
sustainable future.
Protecting our future through
credible and independent
seafood certification
Seafood is the most consumed
animal protein in the world, and
the most traded food commodity, with one in 10 people in
the world depending on fishing
for their livelihood, by choosing
certified sustainable and responsible seafood youre helping to
create a positive impact in our
oceans, said Mr Caleo.
About a billion people rely on
seafood as a fundamental part of
their diet. With more than half of
the fish consumed globally coming
from fish farming its important to
recognise and reward farms that
operate responsibly with minimal
impact on the environment
through the work of programs
like the ASC.
ASC and MSC cer tification

rewards seafood producers who
operate sustainable fisheries or
responsibly managed farms. The
programs provide credible, independent third-party validation for
practices which reduce impacts
on the marine environment,
protect local surroundings and
wildlife, and support local communities. MSC and ASC standards were developed in line with
ISEALs Codes of Good Practice,
meeting the requirements for
inclusive and transparent standard
setting. The MSC also offers the
only wild capture seafood certification and ecolabelling program
consistent with the UN FAO
Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fishing and Guidelines for the
Ecolabelling of Fish and Fishery
Products from Marine Capture
Fisheries.
Coles ASC cer tified salmon
comes from Tassal, which earned
ASC certification across all of its
sites in November 2014.Tassal was
the first salmon farm in Australia
to achieve this certification.
Traceability assurance
All ASC and MSC labelled

seafood can be traced back
through the supply chain to a
responsibly managed fish farm
or certified sustainable fishery. In
order to achieve chain of custody
certification each company in the
supply chain must meet strict
requirements, be completely
transparent and have in place
traceability systems that ensure
no product mixing or substitutions can occur.
MSC cer tified fisheries and
ASC cer tified far ms must
complete annual sur veillance
audits to ensure that they
continue to operate at the high
standards required to remain
certified. MSC certified fisheries
are reassessed ever y 5 years
and ASC cer tified farms every
3 years.
More than 570 improvements
to fishing practices and environmental management have been
identified with fisheries in the
MSC program.
NEWS
Planet Ocean
provide Deep
Trekker ROV for
the Norwegian
High Arctic
survey of the underside of the

ice.
A combination of slight positive
buoyancy and the mounting of
the optional crawler wheels on
the top of the unit enabled stable
driving along the underside of the
ice in the frozen fjord.
The small self-contained, selfpowered system was ideal for
the intended operations. Since
the team were operating close
to the -5C minimum, the DTG-2
was kept warm in the water
between deployments, as the
air temperature dropped to
-26C.
A grabber arm was also taken
for recovery operations but fortunately not required.
See the video at
https://youtu.be/4NEEq3xv_WM
n March 2015, Dr Alex Nimmo

Smith and Mr Peter Ganderton
from the Plymouth University
Marine Physics Research Group
included a Deep Trekker DTG2
Wor ker supplied by Planet
Ocean Ltd in the equipment that
they took on a research trip to
the Arctic.
The Deep Trekker was successfully operated through ice holes
in water of -2C, performing tasks
including the inspection of other
instruments and providing a visual
Canadian yellowtail flounder re-certification

proof that fishery rebuilding works
emonstrating a continuous commitment

to sustainable fishing
practices, the Ocean Choice
International (OCI) Grand Bank
Yellowtail Flounder Fishery has
been re-certified to the Marine
Stewardship Council (MSC)
Fishery Standard as being sustainable and well managed.
Over its first five-year period of
certification, to continue to meet
the MSCs robust Standard, the
fishery worked to meet nine conditions for improvement, including
reducing bycatch and minimising
damage to marine habitats. Their
success in achieving these conditions demonstrates that MSC certification helps to provide an effective path to continued positive
change on our oceans.
We take great pr ide in
ensuring all our fisheries operate
in a responsible and sustainable

manner and we are pleased with
the re-certification of yellowtail
flounder, said Blaine Sullivan, Chief
Operating Officer of OCI.
As a global leader in responsible management and sustainable
fisheries we continue our efforts
and commitment as stewards of
our oceans and marine environment.
Harvested on Newfoundlands
historic Grand Banks, the yellowtail flounder fishery was previously
a mixed fishery combining yellowtail flounder, American plaice and
cod. The fishery has been solidly
re-building since a low resource
period in the 1990s and achieved
MSC certification as a sustainable
fishery in 2010.
Since then the fishery has maintained the yellowtail flounder
stock well above sustainable bio-
logical levels, and also implemented new measures to further

reduce impacts on American
plaice and cod, which remain
under moratorium. Bycatch of
these two species has consistently
remained well below allowable
levels, which enables these stocks
to continue on a positive path to
regrowth.
The yellowtail flounder fishery
has also implemented technological
improvements to its otter trawling
gear adding new flying doors and
using elevated sweeps designed
to minimise bottom contact. The
estimates of the seafloor area
contacted by the new gear have
dropped by over one-half from
previous years a clear benefit to
benthic habitats and organisms.The
fishery also continues to observe
a six-week closure from mid-June
to early August to respect peak
spawning season and maintain
product quality.
We are extremely pleased that
OCI has renewed its commitment

to the MSC program for another
five years, said Jay Lugar, Program
Director for MSC in Canada.
The improvements made in the
yellowtail flounder fishery are exemplary and are an expression of OCIs
commitment to a sustainable future
for the entire Grand Banks ecosystem. We applaud their efforts
and look forward to their continued
engagement in the program for
many more years to come.
The yellowtail flounder fishery
operates on the Grand Banks
off the coast of Newfoundland,
in Nor thwest Atlantic Fisheries
Organisation (NAFO) Divisions
3L, 3N and 3O. Total allowable
catch is currently 17,000 tonnes,
97.5 percent of which is held by
Canada with OCI owing 91.07
percent of the Canadian quotas.
This species is sold globally and is
recognised as a versatile consumer
favourite in both retail and foodservice markets.
NEWS
Swiss institute of feed technology awards diplomas to 17 feed technologists
7 students from 13 countries were recently awarded

the coveted diploma of
the prestigious Swiss Institute of
Feed Technology (SFT) in Uzwil,
Switzerland. The 33rd specialist
course in feed manufacturing
technology was held in English.
This years best in class came
from Brazil. SFT Director Ernst
Nef is now handing over responsibilities for the SFT to Daniel
Mller and retiring early.
From a total of 20 male and
one female participants who had
started the 33rd Diploma course
of the SFT in spring 2015, 17 successfully completed their training
as Feed Production Engineers.
The road to success was not easy.
It led the students up a steep and
arduous path, as the institutes
director Ernst Nef said at the
Diploma awarding ceremony.
Mr Nef was very happy to see
the ninth woman in the SFTs
histor y successfully completing
the course the Norwegian
Aina-Elin Karlsen (Ewos AS): This
proves that animal feed production is no longer purely a mens
domain.
Reaching the summit
Following intensive ten-month

training, the graduates of this
years cour se received the
Diploma awarding them as Feed
Production Engineer or a confirmation of course attendance
from the SFTs director Ernst Nef
in the Hotel Uzwil.
In his speech, which as usual was
full of humor, Mr Nef stressed the
significance of lifelong continuing
education and praised the graduates for their decision to go back
to school once more: With this
decision, you took up a big challenge, which you have now successfully mastered. Today you
have reached the summit. With
the acquired knowledge and your
great dedication, you are now
equipped with the tools you need
to meet the high requirements
for a safe and economical production of formulated feeds.
He said that on the one hand
the goal is to satisfy consumers needs for hygienic feeds that
are safe for humans and animals
alike. On the other hand, he continued, feed manufacturers were

increasingly being forced by regulations and legislation to produce
and market animal feeds more
efficiently and, especially, more
responsibly.
A Brazilian as best in
class
Ernst Nef personally handed

over the Diploma or the confirmation of attendance to each
student, adding some amusing
personal anecdotes from the
class to his congratulations. In
line with a long-standing Diploma
ceremony tradition, the SFT
always distinguishes the student
who has achieved the best final
score. This years distinction
went to the Brazilian Leonardo
Miyata, employee at Bhler AG in
Joinville, Brazil. Peter Hofer, Vice
President of the SFT Board, congratulated the best in class for his
outstanding average grade of 5.53
out of 6, by handing over the traditional commemorative plate.
Leonardo Miyata outperformed
the Canadian John Smillie by one
percent and Aina-Elin Karlsen by
four percent, who ranked second
and third, respectively.
Ernst Nef honoured
SFT Director Ernst Nef will retire

at the end of 2015. He is handing
over the SFT responsibilities to
Daniel Mller. Marcel Scherrer, the
new President of the SFT Board, and
his deputy Peter Hofer took advantage of the 33rd diploma ceremony
to acknowledge Ernst Nefs accomplishments and to thank him for his
immense dedication and efforts.
As a farewell gift, they handed the
visibly stirred fresh retiree a large
engraved original cowbell from
Appenzell. Mr Nef successfully completed the SFT Diploma course in
1992. Only two years later, he took
charge as Director of the Swiss
Institute of Feed Technology, holding
a total of 20 Diploma courses to
date together with his lecturer colleagues.
New concept
The 2015 Feed Production

Engineer Diploma course was
based for the third time on the
The 21 students of the 33rd Specialist Course in Feed

Manufacturing Technology with their instructors and the Board
of the Swiss Institute of Feed Technology (SFT).
Ernst Nef, School Director of the SFT (rear, left); Marcel

Scherrer, President of the SFT Board and Head of the Bhler
Business Unit Feed (right); SFT Board members Urs Wuest (rear,
right) and Peter Hofer (left); and the new SFT Director Daniel
Mller (rear, centre) congratulate the best in class of the 33rd
specialist course, Leonardo Miyata from Brazil (centre).
new concept. The course starts in
spring with a 15-week preparatory correspondence course. This
is followed by a four-week intensive course in Uzwil. In autumn,
the second block is then held with
a preparatory correspondence
course of the same length and the
final intensive training in Uzwil.
In the two preparatory courses,
students had to work through
21 subject areas. During the two
intensive courses, they must pass
a total of 14 written examinations.
The highlight and finale of each
block are the two oral examinations in the core subjects in front
of a panel of experts. The new
concept reduces the students
absence from their jobs.
The 34th Specialist Course in
Feed Manufacturing Technology
will start in January 2016 and will
be held in German.
Focus on practice
The SFT is a non-profit association that is recognized by

the Association of Swiss Feed
Manufacturers (VSF) as an institution of training and continuing
education. The SFT imparts practice-oriented specialist knowledge of feed production processes to professionals from
the feed manufacturing industry
and related industries. A successful completion of the specialist course provides the basis
for graduates to understand
state-of-the-art process technologies and to apply this expertise to practice. The international Technology Group Bhler
AG is the partner of the SFT. To
date, over 520 men and women
from 69 countries have successfully completed the Specialist
Course in Feed Manufacturing
Technology.
FEATURE
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FEATURE
The Ginger Shrimp

Metapenaeus kutchensis: a promising species for shrimp aquaculture in coastal Gujarat State, India
by S. I. Yusufzai, S. R. Lende and P. J. Mahida, Department of Aquaculture
College of Fisheries Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat, India
ndia earned US$ 2.67 billion through

the export of marine products in
2010-11. About 60 percent of it came
from shrimp production. The annual
estimated average landing of shrimps from
the fishery in India during 2008-10 was
0.4 million tonnes of which 60 percent
were contributed by penaeid shrimps. An
additional 0.15 million tonnes was produced
from aquaculture.
For decades, brackishwater aquaculture
has been dominated by a single species, the
black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in India,
contributing to the bulk of the coastal aquaculture production in the country. However,
severe economic losses due to diseases lowering the shrimp production have necessitated
the search for alternative species such as
Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus indicus,
F. merguiensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus etc.
Under these circumstances, the introduction
of specific pathogen free (SPF) Litopenaeus
vannamei was allowed by the Government
of India during 2010-11 to revitalise the
brackishwater shrimp farming in the country.
Nevertheless, due to vannamei, a lot of
changes are taking place in the Indian shrimp
industry; more intensification, more shrimp

produced in different pockets in peak season,
price crashes and a shortage of infrastructure
facilities are currently being experienced.
Among the major maritime states of India,
Gujarat is the western most state of India,
with the longest coastline of 1600 kilometres.
There are vast stretches of marshy and saline
areas all along the coast. The state has 0.38
million hectares of coastal fallow lands, where
about 89,341 hectares of land is found suitable for brackishwater aquaculture. Most of this
land is under government control. Till now
only 5,179 hectares of land is allotted by the
government for brackishwater shrimp farming.
As of March-2011, 522 shrimp farms had
been registered under Coastal Aquaculture
Authority, including 10 farms with water
spread area of 175 hectares for L. vannamei
farming. In 2010-11, farmed shrimp production of the state was 4,531 tons, mainly comprising P. monodon. Most of the brackishwater
aquaculture farms are developed in the South
Gujarat region, mainly in Valsad, Navsari, Surat
and Bharuch districts.
On the other side, although 28 percent (19,757 hectares) of total suitable land
for brackishwater aquaculture is available in
the coastal Saurashtra and Kutch region of

Gujarat, not much development has yet taken
place in this area in terms of brackishwater
shrimp farming. This is mainly due to absence
of perennial rivers and comparatively low rainfall in the region, causing high salinities mainly
during summer months.
The coastline of Saurashtra and Kutch has
broad continental shelf and hence supports
healthy biodiversity compared to the other
regions of the state. Many important shrimp
species such as Fenneropenaeus merguiensis,
Metapenaeus affinis, P. monodon, M. brevicornis,
M. kutchensis, M. monoceros, P. japonicus, P.
semisulcatus are found in these coastal waters.
Metapenaeus kuchensis, the ginger shrimp,
is a commercially important penaeid shrimp
endemic to the Gulf of Kutch region of
Gujarat and is popular for its contribution
to the Surajbari fishery from the Kutch area
during the monsoon season (July-August). The
juveniles of the species are called Surajbari
shrimps, as they are procured in good quantities from Surajbari in the Kutch. They are
locally known as soniya, kutchi jinga or medium jinga. Apart from Kutch, the juveniles are
also found in various creeks of Saurashtra
in places such as Okha, Porbandar, Veraval,
FEATURE
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacostraca
Superorder
Eucarida
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrobranchiata
Superfamily
Penaeoidea
Family
Penaeidae
Genus
Metapenaeus
Species
kutchensis

Common Names
Ginger Shrimp (English)
Kutch Prawn (English)
Kutchi Jinga (Gujarati)
Medium Jinga (Gujarati)
Soniya (Gujarati)
Mahuva, Jafrabad etc. The adult shrimps, especially the females, are pinkish and exported
as red or pink medium, which command a
price comparable to Penaeus spp. in local and
overseas markets.
During and immediately after the monsoon, a considerable fall in salinity occurs in
general and near-fresh water conditions in
certain creeks of coastal Saurashtra. These

creeks are immensely loaded with post larvae
of the ginger shrimp during monsoon when
they enter upstream at the opening of the
barmouth, and get trapped due to poor
drainage of the creeks during the lean season.
They are then easily caught by the fishermen through fixed stake nets, bag nets or
drag-nets. This species can tolerate extreme
fluctuations in salinity levels (0 to 55 ppt on
chronic exposure) and can survive in very high
densities in comparatively turbid and low oxygen conditions. The temperature levels and
the nutrient load in the isolated creek habitats
indicate the high potential and amenability of
this species for aquaculture.
The maximum size (total length) reported for male is 148 millimetres (mm) and
female is 164 mm. The size groups found in
the fishery from the sea coast is predominantly 80-200 mm TL and the size groups
found in Surajbari and other creeks is
45-110 mm TL. Adult shrimp of 150 mm TL
and 200 mm TL weigh about 23 g and 60 g,
respectively. Its feeding habit is omnivorous,
preferring polychaetes, Acetes spp., benthic
crustaceans, and algae and detritus. The
breeding season is November December
and February March and the fecundity and
biology is similar to that of other penaeid
shrimps. A female attaining 180-195 mm
length (about a year old) produces about

0.38-0.57 million eggs from May to August.
For M. kutchensis of 37.27 mm length, the
mean growth rate of 0.33 mm and 0.037
gm/day has been reported. The chemical
and biological parameters of water quality at
Kutch have been found to be optimum for
shrimp culture and hence the post-larvae
of ginger shrimp grow to juveniles within a
couple of months time.
Since this species thrives well in natural
water bodies under extreme environmental
conditions and is as valuable as other penaeid
shrimps, its prospects for aquaculture are very
high. The preliminary studies with regard to
its stocking density and feed protein requirements under captive conditions at College
of Fisheries Science, JAU, Veraval indicates
that M. kutchensis has a potential to become
a candidate species for shrimp aquaculture
in the coastal Saurashtra and Kutch region.
Further research in this regard is necessary
to ascertain its suitability in monoculture or
mixed culture with other shrimp species such
as F. merguiensis, P. monodon and F. indicus, and
fishes such as tilapia and gray mullets. Efforts
are also needed to confirm the possibility of
M. kutchensis farming during winter months,
where most of the farmers usually abandon
the shrimp farming due to low temperatures
in the region.
FEATURE
Nutraceutics for the control of

bacterial coldwater disease
by C. Fernndez-lvarez, Facultad de Biologa (CIBUS), Y. Torres-Corral, Facultad de Biologa (CIBUS), G. Coscelli, Facultad de
Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, A. R. Snchez-Arvalo, Lpidos Toledo S.A; Madrid, Spain,
A. Martnez, Lpidos Toledo S.A; Madrid, Spain, M.I. Quiroga, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela,
Spain, Y. Santos, Facultad de Biologa (CIBUS)
he aquaculture industry has

developed significantly over recent
decades and is, today, one of the
fastest-growing food production
sectors in the world. One of the most
important problems that affect aquaculture
is the appearance of infectious diseases.
Among bacterial diseases affecting cultured
salmonid fish, Bacterial Cold-Water Disease,
caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum,
produces high mortality and morbidity and
consequently, economical losses worldwide.
Attempts to control
this situation through
the use of antimicrobials
have been limited due to
the rapid appearance of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Moreover, the determinants of antibiotic resistance that have emerged
and selected in this aquatic
environment have the
potential of being transmitted by horizontal gene
transfer to bacteria of the
terrestrial environment,
including human and animal
pathogens.
Evidence indicating that
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
and antibiotic resistance
determinants pass from the
aquatic to the terrestrial environment has

resulted in a drastic restriction of the use of
antibiotics in aquaculture in many countries. For
this reason, it is important to find new products
with antimicrobial activity without the aforementioned undesirable effects of antibiotics.
In this sense, natural food additives or phytobiotics, which combined different mechanisms of action against pathogenic bacterial
species (bactericidal/ bacteriostatic activities,
Quorum Sensing inhibition), are potential
candidates for the development of prevention
strategies in aquaculture. This work describes
the effect of the dietary administration to

rainbow trout of the phytobiotic Liptofry
(Liptosa S.A, Spain) in the improvement
of disease resistance against Flavobacterium
psychrophilum.
In this study 4000 healthy rainbow trout,
distributed in two experimental groups (2000
individuals/each) were maintained in an aquaculture facility of the north of Spain, until
its transfer to the aquarium of the Faculty
of Biology of the University of Santiago de
Compostela. Rate of food supply of both
groups was established based on the requirements of the fish, taking as
a reference the parameters
of size and weight of the
specimens and the temperature of the water.
Group 1: Fish fed with
feed supplemented with
the phytobiotic Liptofry
manufactured by Lpidos
Toledo SA (Liptosa SA,
Spain).
Group 2: Fish fed with
no supplemented feed
(control fish).
The usefulness of
feeding the fish with diet
supplemented with phytobiotics in the prevention
of Bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) in rainbow
trout was determined by
FEATURE
of both experimental groups showed similar

lesions, characterised by a moderate inflammatory response at the coelomic cavity,
necrotic areas affecting the spleen, liver, and
pancreatic lobes, and degenerative lesions of
renal tubules, showing pyknosis and dequamation of epitelial cells (Figure 2),
Results of this study, suggest that the use
of
feed
supplemented with the phytobiotic
thickness,
and
stained
with
hematoxylin-eosin
experimental infection, using a virulent strain
RBT4.1.04 of the species F. psychrophilum. (H-E), Phosphotungstic acid-haematoxylin Liptofry in the diet of rainbow trout may conWith this aim, 120 fish of each experimental stain (PTAH) and Periodic acidSchiff stain tribute to the prevention of diseases caused
by the bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium
group (group 1 and group 2) were anaesthe- (PAS) for light microscopy observation.
In our study, fish fed with the Liptofry sup- psychrophilum. Thus, these diet supplements
tised by immersion in tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222, Sigma) (60mg/L) and infected plemented diet (group 1) showed an average could be used as an alternative to antibiotics
by intra-peritoneal injection of a bacterial sus- cumulative mortality of 27 following challenge or vaccines in the control and/or prevention of
pension containing 109 CFU/mL. Differences experiment, compared to 62 percent mortal- infectious diseases. Although distribution of the
in survival between fish fed with phytobiotics ity observed in control fish (group 2) (Table inflammatory response in fish of groups 1 and
(Group 1) and control fish (Group 2) after 1). The survival of fish fed with the phytobiotic 2 infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum
challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum Liptofry was significantly higher than those of was similar, the severity and extent of lesions,
and the number of animals affected were
were analysed by Chi-square test (P<0.05) the control group (p<0.05).
Histopathological analysis showed that fish higher in the control group. These findings
(Figure 1).
might correlate with significant
Histopathological
analydifferences of mortality in groups
sis was performed in order
Table 1. Experimental infection with F. psychrophilum to evaluate the
one and two.
to evaluate the effect of the
effect of the Liptofry supplemented diet in the prevention of BCWD
administration of the phytoInoculated dose
N death fish/
biotic Liptofry in fish tissues.
Acknowledgements
Experimental group
% Mortality
(CFU/fish)
N
inoculatedAfish| Version: 1
ulture | 2015
Adcontrol
Campaign
| Theme: Ad-3 Barley Dunne | Design:
TissueHatchery
samples from
and
This work was supported by
Liptofry-feeded
fish were taken
Grant CDTI-IDI-20140147 from
F | Size: Half
Page | Dimensions:
190mm X 132mmGroup 1
Fish treated with the
4.2 x 108
32/120
27
at 24, 48, 72 y 96 h after experithe Centro para el Desarrollo
phytobiotic Lyptofry
mental infection. Bouins fixed
Tecnolgico e Industrial (CDTI),
Group 2
4.2 x 108
74/120
62
samples were embedded in parMinisterio de Economa y
Control fish
affin wax, sectioned at 3 m in
Competitividad, Spain
Shellf ish Diet
www.ReedMariculture.com
CALIFORNIA, USA
S HE L L F IS H DIE T A L L O W S U S T O GR O W M O R E A ND L A R GE R S HE L L F IS H
We use Reeds algae concentrates to supplement

our own live algae production during the times of
year when our shellfish are eating us out of house
and home. It allows us to grow more and larger
oysters and clams early in the season before moving
them to the nursery.
Barley John Dunne, Director, East Hampton
Town Shellfish Hatchery, Montauk, NY
Concentrated, liquid feed Blend of 6 algae Same nutritional value as live algae
Order Shellfish Diet to ensure repeatable production results.

Reed Mariculture
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2015 -2016 REED M A RI CULT URE, IN C . A L L RIG H T S RES ER V ED. IN S TA N T A LG A E, EN SURIN G H ATC H ERY SU CES S A N D S HEL L FIS H DIE T A RE T R A D EM A RKS OR REGIS T ERED T R A D EM A RKS O F REED M A RI CULT URE IN C .
DANI
FEATURE
Extrusion, essential oils and

fish feed optimisation
Advanced microencapsulation improves
delivery of phytogenic feed additives
by Rui Gonalves and Gonalo A. Santos, Biomin Holding GmbH, Austria
anufactured feeds are an essential part of modern

commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced
nutrition needed by farmed species. Much of aquacultures recent growth can be attributed to improved
formulations, resulting in superior physical and nutritional feed
properties. As more intensified culture systems are developed,
greater emphasis has been placed on critical optimisation of the
properties of aquaculture feeds, all of which contribute to a more
economically sound feed conversion ratio.
is microencapsulation. Microencapsulation is a technology that coats

tiny particles of various substances in a sealed capsule. A benefit of
microencapsulation of essential oils is that can considerably limit any
strong odors or flavors, therefore avoiding potential palatability issues
for some sensitive species such as shrimp. Traditional microencapsulation consists of a filled core surrounded by a wax or fat shell that, once
it bursts, discharges its contents.
In contrast to mononuclear, or single core, capsules, matrix encap-
Phytogenic feed additives
In farmed aquatic species, the benefits of phytogenic feed additives, or botanicals, have been reported in several scientific studies.
Their plant-derived active ingredients (e.g. phenols and flavonoids)
can exert multiple effects in animals, including improvement of feeding
conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility, growth rate, reduction of nitrogen
and phosphorous excretion, improvement of the gut microbiota and
health status.
The extrusion process
During extrusion, ground, blended ingredients are processed at

high temperatures, moisture and pressure levels compared to conventional steam pelleting. Normally, the process begins by steam treating
ingredients, raising the moisture by 20 percent to 30 percent and
reaching temperatures of 65 to 95C. The mixture is then conveyed
into a pressurised extrusion barrel (extruder) where it is cooked to
a temperature of 130 to 180C for anywhere from 10 seconds to
one minute. In these conditions, starch present in the mixture readily
gelatinizes. The cooked mixture is then extruded through a die plate.
When the mixture emerges from the pressurised chamber, some of
the superheated water mixture vaporises, causing a rapid expansion in
the volume of the pellets, which are then cooled and dried.
Extrusion has proven key to producing fish feeds with desired characteristics in terms of floatability, durability, and water stability. While
most fish feeds rely on extrusion, the heat, moisture and pressure that
this introduces can render essential oils, which are volatile substances
contained in phytogenic feed additives, less effective.
Encapsulation of phytogenics
One of the most frequent conventional encapsulation techniques
Figure 1: Conventional coating (Micro-encapsulation) vs. matrixencapsulation (Digestarom P.E.P. MGE) of essential oils
Figure 2: Improved recovery rates for of Digestarom P.E.P. MGE

compared to non-encapsulated essential oils
FEATURE
Figure 3: Feed conversion ratio during experiment, for different

treatments
Table 1. Growth performance parameters

Treatment
Control
Digestarom P.E.P. MGE

Non-encapsulated
phytogenic
SGR
(%/day)
WG (%bw/day)
1.76
3.17
1.82
3.40
1.80
3.25
sulation homogeneously distributes active compounds into a carrier

(Figure 1). As a vehicle for delivering phytogenic compounds, matrix
capsules offer a number of advantages over conventional single core
capsules. First, they are more robust and therefore better able to
protect phytogenic ingredients during feed processing (pelletization or
extrusion) and storage, avoiding ingredient losses. Second, botanical
substances are evenly distributed throughout the matrix, allowing for
continuous release in animals digestive tracts. Third, matrix capsules
provide better technological properties: they are dust-free, have excellent flow ability and are easy to dose.
Proven results
In one trial the thermal stability of Digestarom P.E.P. MGE a

matrix-encapsulated phytogenic feed additive was tested in controlled
extrusion conditions for a commercial sea bream diet. A batch of
30kg of the diet was then extruded reaching temperatures of 110 C.
A non-encapsulated phytogenic, containing exactly the same essential
oils (EO), was used as a control.
Samples were taken after mixing and extrusion process for both
treatments. Results showed Digestarom P.E.P. MGE had a superior
thermal stability (+14.6%), when compared with the non-encapsulated
phytogenic (Figure 2).
The second trial evaluated the efficacy of the matrix-encapsulated
phytogenic (Digestarom P.E.P. MGE) supplemented feed, comparing
control (non-supplemented) feed and feed supplemented with nonencapsulated essential oils. In the 12-week trial with gilthead sea bream
(Sparus aurata) at the University of Algarve in Portugal, fish were fed
a low fishmeal diet (14%), supplemented with a Digestarom P.E.P.
MGE or the non-encapsulated essential oils, or without supplementation (negative control). Dietary supplementation with Digestarom
P.E.P. MGE showed an FCR improvement of 12.5% when compared
with negative control, while non-encapsulated essential oils showed
an improvement of only 8.5% (Figure 3). Specific growth rates (SGR)
and weight gain (WG) were also improved by Digestarom P.E.P.
MGE when compared to control or to non-encapsulated phytogenic
(Table 1).
The aquaculture industrys continued pursuit of more efficient and
sustainable production means that phytogenic feed additives will have
a more prominent role in fish diets in the coming years. In light of the
widespread use of extrusion to produce fish feed, matrix encapsulation offers a way to effectively deliver phytogenic compounds and
improve animal performance, as demonstrated by trial results.
FEATURE
Putting it all together

by Roy Palmer, Association of International Seafood Professionals
ack in the 13th century, maybe even earlier, it has been

recorded that when people travelled in Europe they were
often given dried seaweed on arrival at their destination
to nourish them after their tiring efforts.
Whilst western society ignored that, history countries like China,

Japan and Korea did not. In those countries you can browse the
multitude of supermarkets and food shops and see all the different
preparations, processes, species and packaging of seaweed - this is an
increasing and expanding business.
It has been known for a long time that algae are one of the keys to
excellent nutrition of fish/seafood and why species have vital essential
fats and vitamins which are not only good for them but also for multiple benefits to human health when we eat fish/seafood. We know that
land animals cannot get close to the level of crucial omega-3 content
of even the smallest levels in fish/seafood and as the world moves
to healthier nutrition it is expected that seafood will be the food of
choice.
At present, algae is mainly used as an ingredient in functional food,
that is, food that bring health benefits greater than the simple provision of basic nutrients. There are some moves by fashion trend chefs
to include salads containing seaweed and this may filter through to
main outlets in western world. In Japan the Ulva species of algae is
well known and highly regarded as a flavoring agent and as a part of
a healthful diet.
One aquaculture company has done many years of research and
planning and is now getting ready for its next phase and putting it all
together.
Aonori Aquafarms, Inc. is a land-based aquaculture operation producing Ulva (a species of seaweed named Ulva clathrata) and shrimp
(Farfantepenaeus californiensis Pacific Brown) for protein and food
production in Mexico, although the headquarters are located in San
Diego, California, US.
The Company had a research farm in Sinaloa Mexico from 1998 to
2008 and, in a second phase, the Company operated a small-scale farm
and hatchery based in Mexico at San Quintin, Baja California with an
infrastructure consisting of 16 ponds operating a total pond area of 3.0
hectares, located only 180 miles from San Diego, California. During this
time, the Company achieved two years of successful sales to Safeway
and other buyers.
Ponds are set back from the shore and built on flat, salinized land
so that no harm is done to sensitive habitats such as mangroves or
estuaries, where traditional farms are located. The facility produced
6 tons of shrimp each year (head-off) and Ulva meal samples, having
made its first shrimp sale on December 2012.
The Company has now developed a proprietary biomimetic
technology that reproduces the natural marine habitat of shrimp,
which goes by the name of NatureFarming, creating a shrimp/Ulva
co-culture environment.
The shrimp are fed with Ulva, leaving approximately 60 percent of
the Ulva in each pond to be commercialised in various forms such a
salt substitute, high value food or feed ingredient, nutraceutical or as a
roasted seaweed snack.
Aonori claims to be the first successfully integrated multi-species
aquaculture company to produce brown shrimp and algae with a new
and unique patented process. The Company has developed a method
FEATURE
regular aquaculture producers, and even more so compared to conventional sustainable farms, making it a model for the future. Traditional
farms, it says, are likely to be forced to move further inland to avoid
environmental damage (especially in mangrove areas), but will face
high water consumption, remediation and discharge costs. The cost
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of shrimp culture that rapidly recycles mineral nutrients, eliminating the

need to pump large quantities of water and providing the shrimp with a
source of fresh feed rich in protein, carotenoids and other compounds
essential to good shrimp health, which is seen as a major breakthrough.
It seems that Aonoris technology almost eliminates the possibility
of shrimp being affected by diseases, which have devastated many
producers in the industry worldwide. Reduced feed costs and reduced
water pumping costs more than compensate for the slower growth
rate of the Brown shrimp species, and better feed quality results in the
highest possible quality shrimp.
Aonori claims their seaweed process is almost 10 times more productive than the systems used in Japan, and Aonoris PrimeShrimp,
grown in a cooler climatic zone, seem not to be exposed to the disease
risks generated by conventional shrimp farming methods.
Armando A. Leon, President and CEO, has been the driving force
behind the organisation, and he is ecstatic regarding the fact that
Aonoris shrimp qualify for a green label the first and only imported
green label shrimp using standards from the Seafood Watch program
of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Armando said, Our shrimp have the
sweet flavor, deep red color and firm texture consumers want quality
unmatched even by wild-caught shrimp and far superior to conventional farmed shrimp. Brown shrimp are the highest priced shrimp on
the market in North America, and Aonori shrimp are the best of the
Browns.
Price of shrimp has been trending up over the last 20 years, peaking in disease-plagued years, and U.S. shrimp consumption continues
historical rise, where it is the most consumed seafood. Added to that,
shrimp demand and distribution systems are well established. The
problem is that the cost of feed, water, biosecurity and electricity is
increasing for traditional and highly intensive shrimp operations.
Aonori says it has substantially reduced its feed costs compared to
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Naturally ahead
FEATURE
of meeting responsible sustainable standards is potentially even higher.

President Leon says Research & development work has been going
on for 20 years (with an approximate cost of USD $16 million) in order
to create this new approach to aquaculture, producing a high value crop
using only seawater and desert coastal (nonarable) land. We have five
patents (two PCTs related to Ulva crop development and sustainable
prophylactic health promoting ecosystem) and an array of trade secrets.
Additionally, we have successfully operated a proof of concept 1-hectare farm and a pre-commercial farm, the latter of which consisted in 16
ponds with a total pond area of 3 hectares. This integrated shrimp-Ulva
operation, which included a shrimp hatchery for post-larvae production
and an Ulva nursery to grow planting stock had all the parts of a commercial farm, but at a below break-even scale. At this point, we took the
product to the market and secured shrimp sales.
He added, Production systems have been fully tested at the precommercial farm and the Company is ready for commercial expansion
upon funding, which will enable it to fulfill existing potential shrimp sales
to companies that have manifested strong interest, such as Safeway.
We are now looking for funds to carry out our expansion project, for
which the business plan contemplates funding of USD $ 6.2 million,
with which we will:
Have a full market launch.
Increase production to 25 hectares in the first 2 years.
Build shrimp processing facilities.
Produce and sell AonoriTM (Ulva)
Be the first company to achieve a high yield culture of the
premium quality macro algae, Ulva clathrata (known as Aonori
in Japan).
The plan, as has been proven before, is for the Companys shrimp
to consume 40 percent of the Ulva, while the remaining 60 percent will
be available for the consumer market. Ulva can be a healthy alternative

seasoning (low sodium salt substitute), a healthy ingredient for food or
feed and an incredible seaweed-based snack. The product could also
be available as bulk for wholesale distribution. Aonoris Umami* flavor
enhances the taste properties of many foods.
The team behind the Aonori Aquafarms is bi-national (Mexico
US) and has a solid experience in the shrimp & algae businesses, which
has made innovative advancements in aquaculture and developed a
clear path to commercialise the companys products. Its scientific and
technical team has an expertise in algal physiology, shrimp nutrition and
shrimp domestication. Additionally, the board of directors and management team has experience in all key areas, such as operations (growing
and processing) and commercial areas (marketing and distribution).
They truly believe that they have put it all together with a production
cost around 40 percent less than other shrimp farms. Aonoris culture
system, they say, keeps the water in the ponds clean the same way a
natural wetland does, so pollution and other environmental impacts
are fully eliminated.
Armando says, The company is the only entity in the world that is
successfully growing the Pacific Brown (F. californiensis) shrimp, found
from Washington State to Peru, which has a history as one of the
top-priced wild caught shrimp because of its deep red color, full ocean
sweet flavor and firm texture. We have so many advantages from both
commercial and operational standpoints: a tasty and scrumptious flavor,
as well as a firm, full bodied texture, on one hand; and, on the other,
our shrimp are raised in a disease-free, high immunity, nature-like environment, which results in the appropriate conditions for our healthy
shrimp to meet the highest standards required for environmental
stewardship. We cannot wait to be fulfilling our potential and be a
leader in the aquaculture industry.
FEATURE
Acidifier concepts in aquafeed

high quality feed additives
by Tilman Wilke, Product developer and Daniela Martin, Product management,
Dr Eckel GmbH, Germany
r Eckel has been selling feed additives since 1994. One

of our core competencies is the utilisation of organic
acids and their salts for animal nutrition either as
silage enhancers, as preservatives or as acidifiers.
Acidifiers are well established in pig and poultry nutrition especially of young animals (piglets and broiler chicks). The concept of
acidifiers has been successfully transferred from agriculture feed to
aquaculture feed during the last 10 years.
Here also, the technical qualities of a feed additive play a crucial role.
Technical features such as the fluidity, dust, corrosive, odor and hygroscopicity can be the cause of a whole range of problems and dangers
in the compound feed production. The quality of feed additives affects
both productivity as well as occupational safety.
In this article, we wish to share our experience regarding important
technical and functional aspects of this transfer.
be distinguished and classified by a number of properties. Very important for the usage as feed acidifiers are differences regarding:
pka-value, because it determines the degree of dissociation in different pH-environments;
solubility, because it determines bioavailability.
Another important property is the molecular weight, because
it determines the number of acid molecules per gram. Finally the
nutritional value of organic acid can also be taken into consideration
because organic acid salts like propionates are good energy sources.
What distinguishes acidifiers?
In general, acidifiers as functional feed additives are made from

organic acids and their salts. Typically organic acids and their salts are
included in the feed at a dosage between 1kg/t (0.1%) and 10 kg/t
(1%). Some publications report dosages of up to 20kg/t (2%) but this
might have been just for research purposes. Which organic acids are
used as acidifiers? A number of different organic acids and salts can be
used as acidifiers. The most common acids and salts are:
formic acid or calcium formate and potassium formate as their most
important salts;
acetic acid or its sodium salt sodium acetate
propionic acid or calcium propionate
butyric acid or sodium butyrate
lactic acid or calcium lactate and last but not least
citric acid with different salts.
Other organic acids and salts used are fumaric acid / fumarates,
malic acid / malates, sorbic acid / sorbates. All these organic acids can
Figure 1 Mode of action of acidifiers in shrimp
Figure 2 Mode of action of acidifiers in fish
FEATURE
What is the mode of
action of acidifiers?
Acidifiers have a several modes of action in the

feed and in the animal. The most important modes
of action are the antimicrobial effect and the stimulation and activation of digestive enzymes. Other
relevant modes of action are an unspecific immune
stimulation (e.g. in Shrimp), the chelation of minerals (and enhancing absorption), its nutritional
value and its sensoric properties (taste, smell).
The antimicrobial action of organic acids is pillared
by the ability of organic acids to lower the pH of
the feed, to reduce the buffer capacity of feed,
to lower the pH-value of the stomach and finally
by the ability of organic acids to directly impair
pathogen cells. The direct effect on pathogen cells
is closely related to the pH-dependant behavior of
the acid molecule. Depending on its natural pKa
value an organic acid binds or releases H+ ions. If
the pH value of the environment is lower that the
acids pKa value (e.g. in the stomach), the acid will
bind the H+ ions and is said to be un-dissociated.
In the un-dissociated state the acid molecule are
unionized and can therefore easily penetrate the
cell walls of pathogen cells. Inside the pathogen
cell the pH environment is close to neutral and
therefore higher than the pKa value of the organic
acid. Under these circumstances, the acid releases
(dissociates) its H+ ion and the acid molecule
becomes ionized. Now the ionized acid molecules
are trapped in the pathogen cell and start to accumulate. This accumulation will lead to a pH-drop
and intracellular damage in the pathogen cell. Or
the pathogen has to spend a lot of energy to pump
out the ionized acid molecules. As all this depends on a number of factors (pH environment, pKa value, pathogen cell membrane, and pathogen cell pH-sensitivity) it is easily understandable that the antimicrobial
effect of organic acids is not always easy to predict under all conditions.
The stimulation of digestive enzymes is the result of a stimulation of
physiological feedback mechanisms in the gut. The lowered pH-value
of the stomach increases the amount of pepsin in the stomach and the
amount of trypsin and lipase released by the pancreas.
From feed to feces acidifiers do their work at different stages of the
digestive tract. Starting in the feed, organic acids have a preservative
effect in the feed and after ingestion they reduce the buffer capacity of
the feed. Lowered buffer capacity is favorable, because a feed with a
high buffer capacity can raise pH value in the stomach, which, in turn
impairs the antimicrobial barrier function of the stomach. This barrier
function is supported by a pH-lowering effect of the acidifier. And
the pH lowering effects also leads to increased release of proteolytic
enzymes in the stomach and in the small intestine. In the small intestine
the acidifiers can modulate gut microflora, act as energy source and can
enhance absorption of nutrients (e.g. calcium and phosphor) through
formation of chelates.
If protected (encapsulated) acidifiers are used, acidifiers can do their
job even in more distal parts of the gut. The mode of action depends
on the morphological features of the gut. Some aquaculture species
might lack a stomach but that does not necessarily mean that they will
not benefit from acidic support. But the diversity in fish gut morphology
explains the difficulties to transfer acidifier formulas and dosages from
one aquaculture application to another. If one takes a look into the
large amount of scientific literature about acidifiers in aquafeed he will
rediscover a quite confusing pattern of what acidifiers works in which
species und what feeding and conditions.
What are the main effects of acidifiers in aqua feed?
As a result of the modes of actions described before, acidifiers in

aquafeed have the following effects at farm level:
Higher growth rates (growth promoter)
Increased protein digestibility
Better feed conversion
Improved immune response
Reduced mortality
That means that acidifiers in aquafeed contribute to animal performance, farm profit animal health, antibiotic reduction and resource
efficiency.
Processing considerations
If acidifiers shall be used in aquafeed, one has to take into consideration some technical aspects. On the one hand the organic acids
need to reach the animals intestine. Therefore leaching from the feed
particle into the surrounding water must be avoided. The solubility
of the acidifier in the feed must not be too high. To achieve this, it
is recommended that acidifiers be mixed into the feed manufacturing
before the pelleting step.
On the other hand, the organic acids must be bioavailable to the
animal. Hence, particle size should fit to species requirements and
size. And although leaching must be avoided, the acidifier must be
soluble in the animals gut to be effective. Finally, the feed manufacturing process has to guarantee a homogenous mixture of the acidifier
in the diet.
Causes of errors and failure costs
In the feed manufacturing process the choice of acidifier can

also make a difference. Acidic ingredients like free organic acids
FEATURE
can cause problems in the feed mill. Free organic acids can lead
to corrosive damage of machinery. They can cause chemical
burns to workers. And they can lead to unforeseeable chemical reactions with other feed ingredients. All this risks can be
avoided if one uses acidifiers that are made from natural salts
of organic acids (most common are calcium, potassium, sodium
salts).
Classic acidifiers consist of a single type of organic acid or a combination of two. In order to further improve the concept of acidifiers
Dr Eckel has developed so-called next generation acidifiers. The most
important features are:

A combination or at least three organic acids.
For example formic acid + citric acid + lactic acid
Usage of calcium salts of the organic acids that are highly bioavailable and have high nutritional value
Microencapsulation of a part of the organic acids
Microencapsulation in combination with essential oils
But also the technical qualities of a feed additive, which affect the
production, are crucial for the choice of acidifiers.
Technical characteristics of feed additives (such as flowability, dust,
corrosive, odor, Hygroscopy) can be the cause of a number of errors
and risks in the compound feed production. Some of these errors are
very common, for example, Blockages. From a business perspective,
any error is associated with failure costs. The failure cost of increased
cleaning effort, increased system wear and reduced belt speed can be
summarised under the heading of productivity. A second group of failure cost includes costs resulting from accidents at work, the work and
organisational effort for the handling of hazardous substances and the
cost of labour protective equipment. This failure costs can be avoided
if care is taken when selecting a feed additive by their technical quality
characteristics.
It is worth paying attention to

flowability and dust formation
The use of raw materials with good flow properties and little dust
formation directly affects the operating speed in the compound feed
production and thus has a direct impact on the profitability of the company. In addition, the dust fraction has an effect on the work-security
at the production plant.
The formation of large dust clouds during production means higher
product losses, risk of segregation or bonding of silos and augers.
The tendency to form scale is closely related to the flowability.
The particle size distribution has - together with the particle shape
and the moisture content of a commodity - influence on its flowability
(Schttgutrheologie). This applies to the fluidity of the following rule
of thumb: the smaller the particles, the flatter the particles are formed,
and the more residual moisture contained in the product, the worse
the flowability of a feed additive.
Buffered acids protect man and machine
Organic acids are widespread feed additives and have been tried
themselves in practice conditions as preservatives and as feed acids. In
its liquid form, these acids have the disadvantage to be irritating and
corrosive (figure 3). They degrade biological tissue such as skin and
mucous membranes, as well as materials made of metal, concrete and
stone.
Dealing with diluted formic acid is dangerous for the employees,
and it can cause considerable damages such as corrosion to storage
areas and machines.
With respect to storage areas and equipment companies are
faced with the choice between investing in corrosion-resistant facilities
and the regular replacement of corroded parts. A solution to these
problems are buffered acids. Formic acid buffered with ammonia,
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FEATURE
yields a blend of formic acid and ammonium formate,
which has only a corrosion rate of 40 mpy (mm / year)
- in contrast to the corrosion rate of 180 mpy in pure
formic acid.
In addition to the corrosive action of some acid
products also have a very strong odor. Using the salts
of the organic acids is very beneficial. They have the
same good antimicrobial effects and are contrary to the
acids odorless.
When mixing feed additives, it can also lead to
undesirable chemical reactions. Reactions in which
much heat is generated are particular critical. Because
the temperatures may damage the machine and change
the ingredients of the feed. Due to the variety of raw
materials and additives, chemical reactions can hardly be
predicted with the use of reactive additives in production plants. Figure 4 shows that a highly exothermic
reaction leads to a sudden heating of the mixture when
using normal formic acid (left picture). When using a
specially formulated, reacted acid mixture, however, there is no heating
in the mixer observed (right picture).
Microencapsulation of organic acids
The encapsulation leads to a slow release of the encapsulated ingredients (organic acids and essential oils) alongside the gastro-intestinal
tract. Endogenous lipase enzymes digest the fat capsule material. The
spectrum of particle sizes ensures that the release happens at all different parts of the gut. The encapsulation of a part of the organic acid is
beneficial because it is a method to prevent leaching. This is especially
important in animals that do not swallow whole feed particles but
masticate their feed (like Shrimp). Furthermore, the encapsulation leads
Figure 3:
Aqueous
solutions of
formic acid form
highly corrosive
solutions. The
figure shows
an incipient
corrosion
damage
to an acid
collecting basin.
The storage
unbuffered
solutions requires
acid-resistant
containers and
pipes.
to a slow release effect of free organic acids throughout the gut. Finally,
when organic acids are released in the most distal part of the gut they
can build an antimicrobial barrier against ascending infections. The
essential oils are protected by microencapsulation in order to transport
them to the target site (small and large intestine). Here, they can unfold
their antimicrobial potential.
Some essential oils have the ability to increase the permeability of
the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria. Hence, they have an own antimicrobial effect and they make organic acids more effective. In laboratory
tests we compared the antibiotic effect of an essential oil, an organic
acid and a combination of both against common food-borne pathogens. It came out, that the combination was way more effective than
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FEATURE
the single substances. From a technical point of view the encapsulation
has some pitfalls. One has to ensure that the encapsulation material is
degradable by the target species. Further the particle size of the capsules has to be adapted to the size of the animals. When encapsulated
acidifiers are to be added to the pelleting process one has to ensure
that the capsules survive the pelleting process.
Feeding trials
Although there is a large body of evidence about the effectiveness of

acidifiers in aquafeed, Dr Eckel conducted studies and trials to develop
and advance our acidifier products. A few of them shall be described here.
In a laboratory study at Kasetsart University (Bangkok, Thailand)
we investigated the immunological effects of our next generation
acidifier on antimicrobial genes (AMPs: C-type lectin and penaeidin)
of Pacific White Shrimp in different culture periods. It came out
that during harvest perdiod, C-type lectin and penaeidin and prophenoloxidase gene expression of treated shrimp were significantly
increased. The researchers concluded that the acidifier up-regulated
the expression of AMP genes, which is seen as extremely positive to
cultured shrimp especially when there are challenges from pathogens,
bacterial or viral (e.g. Vibrio spp, White spot virus, IMNV, EMS, etc.).
This implies a strong health promoting effect from our next generation acidifier. Indeed, in another feeding trial this health promoting
effect could be verified. In this trial also conducted at Kasetsart
University different dosages of the acidifier (0% control, 0.3%,
0.6%, 0.9%, 1,2%) had been compared in a 60 days trial. The health
related measurement variables (survival rate, total bacteria count in
hemolymph at day 60, Vibrio count in hemolymph at day 60) were
significantly improved in the 0.3% group compared to the control
group. In addition, the results indicate a dose-effect relationship from
0.3% to 1.2%. Although there was a trend so increased body weight
gain with higher inclusion rates, this was not statistically significant. But
protein digestibility was measured as well and significantly improved
from 75% up to 84%. In another tank trial study with Pacific White
Shrimp at nursery stage the growth promoting effect was prominent.
After 21 days of feeding with a next generation acidifier at 0.3%
weight gain was significantly improved from about 0.2g to 0.5g in all
three replicates.
In a commercial scale trial with Tilapia (178 tons of fish biomass)
the growth promoting effect and the health promoting of next generation acidifiers were observed again: Survival rate in the treatment
group was 20% higher than in the control group without acidifier.
At the same time feed conversion was improved from 1.17 to 1.08.
Similar results were reported to us from a Tilapia nursery farm where
the ponds with acidifier in the feed produced bigger fingerlings (size
22) than the control group without acidifier (size 24) in the same
amount of time.
Obviously, the concept of acidifiers had been successfully
transferred from agriculture to aquaculture. Acidifiers have a strong
antimicrobial effect, they can enhance protein digestion and they
are able stimulate the immune system of Shrimp. The numerous
combinations of species, feeding practices and husbandry systems
make it difficult to compare the success or failure of different acidifiers under different settings. From our research and development
efforts and the feedback from our customers we conclude, that
next generation acidifiers with microencapsulated organic acids
and essential oils are advantageous compared to classic acidifiers
because of their stronger antimicrobial power. At farm level, next
generation acidifiers as additives for aquafeed lead to increased
growth performance, better feed conversion and reduced mortality
and less need for antibiotics. This contributes to the farms profit
and to sustainability of the production.
BRINGING TOGETHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR CUSTOMIZED AQUAFEED PROCESS SOLUTIONS.

Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.
Vincent Van Gogh
Wenger develops and assembles unique components

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material availability, species requirements, growth
stages or feeding habits, Wenger will tailor a system
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High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder produces the
full range of products at capacities up to 12,000
kg/hour. Complement the TX-3000 with the High
Intensity Preconditioner (HIP) and use higher levels
of fish oil or slurries.
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FEATURE
DONT MISS THE UKS LARGEST AQUACULTURE

EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE
25 & 26 MAY 2016 AVIEMORE, SCOTLAND

An international event with visitors from over 30 countries, meet:
LAST FEW REMAINING STANDS - BOOK NOW

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com for more information
or contact info@aquacultureuk.com
PHOTOSHOOT
2015 highlights
Photo courtesy of Kjell Rune Venaas
TECHNOLOGY
SUPPLEMENT
FISH FARMING
AQUACULTURE
sustainability and tourism
URBAN AQUAPONICS
SUPPLEMENT
Aquaculture, sustainability and tourism

Bibury Trout Farm is one of Britains oldest, and certainly most attractive Trout Farms.
Founded in 1902, by the famous naturalist Arthur Severn, to stock the local rivers and streams with the native Brown
Trout it now covers 15 acres in one of the most beautiful valleys in the Cotswolds, the Coln Valley. The crystal clear
waters of the Bibury Spring provide the essential pure water required to run the hatchery which spawns up to 6 million
trout ova every year.
The village of Bibury itself has been referred to as the most beautiful village in England by William Morris and is well
worth a visit, with the historic Arlington Mill, Arlington Row and the beautiful St Marys Church.
Visitors can learn about the Rainbow and Brown Trout while you wander in the beautiful surroundings. You may well
see grading in progress when the fish are selected for size and quality before being transported to new homes in
oxygenated water in specially made fibre glass tanks. Feeding is done daily by staff and the water comes to life as
the fish vie for the last morsel.
Information boards give an insight to what goes on in the hatchery and fryary areas and staff will be delighted to
answer any question you may have.
For more information: www.biburytroutfarm.co.uk
by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed Magazine
ibury trout farm is one of Britains oldest and most attractive trout farms, originally founded in 1902 by naturalist
Arthur Severn to stock the local rivers and streams with
native Brown Trout. The main focus of the trout farm
today remains the same, 90 percent of fish go towards restocking
and only a mere 10 percent are sold for direct consumption.
farm certified in the future.

The hatchery complex was made up of three buildings and multiple
atmosphere control marquees. Each of these components is necessary
to produce eggs, and raise them into triploid females of a size where
they can safely be introduced to the farm.
Hatchery Manger, Martin Smith provided us with a comprehensive

tour of the farm; a very knowledgeable aquaculture practitioner, he is
enthusiastic about his role as a fish farmer as well as his many ongoing
projects on the farm. There was not a question he could not give us a
precise answer to throughout the tour.
We all came away feeling privileged to have been shown around
the premises and to have been given such an insight into the careful
husbandry and precisely measured processes that are undertaken to
produce the beautiful rainbow trout of Bibury.
The place where science and skill play the largest part is the fertilisation room. This is where Martin collects the eggs and the sperm from
female only fish. These are the requirements to produce a female only
population.
A female population is preferred for the rainbow trout species as
males sexually mature while they are quite small and by time they
reach market size the meat is grey and watery. Fertilisation and triploiding is a very time specific task.
The hatchery
Triploiding is a process involving the manipulation of an egg by

applying pressure at a specific time during the fertilisation process that
causes an extra set of chromosomes to develop. The resulting fish will
not grow any reproductive organs, after triploiding these fish could be
summarised as female but genetically sterile. This is an important process as it ensures that the farmed fish will not interact with any native
fish. Additionally, a nice bi-product of triploiding is that fish will expend
no energy into reproduction and instead use that energy for growth.
Triploiding is all about timing, says Martin. Everything is recorded,
time zero is when I add the sperm to the eggs, and at minute three is
when I deem the eggs as fertilised. At exactly 40 minutes after fertilisation (when factoring in machine start up time) I will turn the machine
on, that will pressurise up to 10,000 PSI, the eggs will sit inside for five
minutes before the pressure is released.
Martin tells us that spontaneous triploidy in certain species has
Upon arrival at the hatchery area of the farm Martin instructed us

to dip the soles of our shoes in a disinfectant solution. He went on
to explain that this is to prevent unwanted pathogens entering the
hatchery area and also to separate the hatchery from the farm as the
hatchery is GlobalGAP certified.
The GlobalGAP (good agricultural practice) certification is necessary as some of the customers of the hatchery supply to supermarkets.
GlobalGAP is a Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) recognised standard that assures buyers that basic food safety and sustainability practices
have been upheld.
The entire farm complex is not yet GlobalGAP certified due to the
difficulty of upholding the standards while the farm functions as a tourist attraction for example it would be difficult if a tourist showed up
in a pair of flip flops! However, they do have plans to have the entire
Fertilisation room
Producing triploids
002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology
been observed in the wild. It has been suggested that temperature

shock is likely the cause in most instances. Interestingly heat was used
on fish farms prior to the use of pressure. The eggs would be brought
up to 60 degrees for a specific amount of time to cause the same
effects, however the results were not as consistent as those obtained
via the pressure method.
Checking that the triploiding process has been successful is of vital
importance. At Bibury 100 fish that have reached five grams per batch
are checked to see if they have developed a reproductive system. If I
went around saying I was selling triploids, but was actually selling regular
females, a customer could release them into a river and get into a lot
of trouble says Martin. This is why ensuring accuracy throughout the
process is of paramount importance.
At the time we visited the farm, we were informed that Bristol water
had recently purchased an equal number of rainbow trout eggs from
a large scale egg producer and from Bibury trout farm to make comparisons. While there had not yet been any results to share, Martin was
eager to discover the results, even if they were negative this would be
motivation for him to find out how to further improve his eggs.
Incubation room
The next room we were shown was the incubation room. Restored
a few years ago, there was a wall of sealed glass jars connected by piping. The vessels were full of bore hole water that had passed through
a de-gassing unit, just like the rest of the water used for all of the
hatchery processes.
When we visited there were no eggs currently being incubated,
this was probably a good thing considering how fragile the eggs are in
this state. Nurturing trout eggs can be very difficult, a lot can go wrong
very quickly. From days two through to 19 the fertilised ova are very
delicate. A small knock on one of the jars is potentially enough to kill
the entire 200,000.
The greatest risk at this stage however is fungus. The issue being
that if an egg dies there is a high probability that Saprolegnia will
develop on the dead egg. Saprolegnia will not directly attack a live
egg but as the fungus spreads on the dead egg the water flow to the
live eggs surrounding it will be impaired causing them to die as well.
Once it has become established it can quickly take over an entire jar.
A constant but steady flow of water into the bottom of each tank
functions to keep the eggs only just in a state of suspension so that
the weight of eggs on top does not affect the rest. The flow of water
assists in keeping the water in the tank sustaining good oxygen levels.
During the incubation period around 80 percent of fertilised eggs
make it to hatching, in winter this figure can reach 95 percent.
At the end of the incubation period, all eggs will be subject to a
process referred to as shocking, this involves moving the eggs about
to rupture the unfertilised ova, at Bibury they do this by pouring them
back and fourth between buckets a few times. This will cause any
unfertilised eggs to turn white, making them easier to identify so they
can be removed. In the past all of the eggs would be laid out in a tray
and the white ones would be removed by hand, a time consuming task
indeed. Now days a machine is implemented, using infrared technology
the machine can detect the white eggs and remove them, a time saving
device appreciated by the hatchery staff.
Hatching room
The hatching room was dark, and contained many fish at various
stages of early development in shelved trays of water. Some of these
trays contained 5000 fingerlings. The majority of fish in this room
had hatched and were now at the swim up stage. Some 21-day-old
eyed ova were still incubating, they were not as fragile as the eggs we
had encountered earlier. Once an egg has visible eyes they are more
resilient to external forces and can then be transported as required.
All fish that reach 5 grams at the hatchery are vaccinated against Enteric
Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003
redmouth, Aquavac Relera is used and administered via submersion method.

When the fish are large enough they are moved to another area of
the hatchery where they are graded. Grading is essential to reduce the
risk of cannibalism but also to ensure the different size fish are getting
the correct feed size for optimal growth.
The hatchery also contains three black poly tunnels used for photoperiod manipulation of brood stock. This process controls the amount
of daylight hours effectively fooling the fish into spawning in the middle
of summer rather than natural winter spawning.
Farm tour
At the end of our hatchery tour, we were kindly shown around the
beautiful outdoor uncovered fish farm that is accessible to visitors of
the public. At the farm visitors are able to purchase food to feed the
fish. This is of course only a small amount of additional feed, the vast
majority is fed to them by staff.
The food conversion rate (FCR) at Bibury ranges from 0.7 0.8 for
the fry, meaning that for every 700 800 grams of feed given to a fish,
they expect to see one kilogram of growth. The larger fish on the farm
convert at a rate of 1.2:1. Sketting feed is used, and a lot of it! A lorry
will deliver a load of feed at least once per month.
There is also a fishing experience available to visitors where in
one specific part of the farm they can catch, purchase, and take their
caught trout away with them, (there are also onsite barbeque facilities
available for those wanting to consume immediately).
Final thoughts
As I walked around the grounds I reflected on what Martin had

shared with us, the farm produces upto 110 tonnes of live Rainbow
Trout per year; an impressive feat considering it is run by just five staff;
including a delivery driver, a maintenance manager, two full-time staff
on the farm, and Martin who runs the hatchery.
We were told that the shop, caf, and tourist side of things employs
somewhere around 20 staff in the peak season of summer.
Bibury trout farm is a beautiful place to be on a fine autumn day, I
see it being an excellent day out for families. Behind the scenes hard
work and care goes into nurturing the plenty rainbow trout on display.
Martin Smith from Bibury Trout Farm showing Malachi
Stone, Darren Parris, Olivia Holden and Tom Blacker from the
International Aquafeed team around
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URBAN AQUAPONICS
by Pete Whiting, Grow Bristol
row Bristol is a small social enterprise with big plans

for farming fish and greens using aquaponics. Set up by
myself, with business partner, Dermot OReagan, Grow
Bristol is transforming a disused space in the centre
of the city of Bristol, UK, into a farm for the future. Our aim is to
produce great food in the heart of the community where it is eaten,
whilst farming in a more sustainable way. We hope to change the
way we feed our city, using innovative agricultural methods and by
connecting the people of Bristol to their food.
At Grow Bristol, we believe in producing truly local, high quality
food, close to the people who eat it. Currently, there is a need to
explore further ways to grow more quality food, more sustainably, on
less land, with fewer resources. Fisheries and farmland are increasingly
coming under pressure. A recent report by the University of Sheffield
created widespread speculation that there may be only 100 harvests
left in UK soils due to intensive agriculture (we have reached Peak Soil
as well as Peak Oil!) Water scarcity is also becoming a bigger problem
globally and the UK is one of the largest importers of virtual water
(other nations water used during the production of our imports). The
food miles and carbon footprint of what we eat is also contributing
significantly to climate change. Clearly, farmers need to continue to
consider alternative methods of producing and transporting their food.
Can one part of the solution be to produce more in the city for growing urban populations?
At Grow Bristol, we initially began farming using a more conventional approach. We started by growing salad leaves in the soil in two
large polytunnels, but were disillusioned with the vulnerabilities of the
system and lack of suitability to the urban environment. We were
producing on average 60kg (or 600 small bags) of mixed leaf salad a
week for the local market. However, with a short growing season, a
hugely inefficient irrigation system, poor soil and limited effective pest
control, we started to consider the need for more resilient solutions.
Thats when we turned to commercial urban aquaponics.
Having visited Paignton Zoos ground breaking Verticrop hydropon-
ics system we were inspired to set up our own urban farm: producing
vegetables vertically, without soil and using much, much less water! In
this type of system, the water and nutrient solution is pumped around
the suspended root zone of the crops on multiple layers, perhaps
ten high. The water is then re-circulated rather than running to waste
or evaporating. With Controlled Environment Agriculture, almost
everything can be managed to optimize growing conditions, even the
light. Philips, one of the leading commercial producers of LED grow
lights, are creating Light Recipes (with particular parts of the light
spectrum) to manipulate productivity, nutrition, taste, and texture in
crops, in the absence of daylight. It sounds futuristic, but such closed
growing systems could potentially mean food security in the desert, in
our cities, or even the arctic year round.
Add to all this, the possibility of farming fish as well as growing
greens and you have aquaponics. Integrating RAS aquaculture into
such a closed loop system provides an alternative source of nitrates

and other nutrients. It is then possible to grow vegetables using 95
percent less water when compared to soil-grown vegetables, whilst
farming fish! Using fish (or aquafeed) to grow vegetables commercially
is on the increase globally and though not new, is still in its infancy.
The technology is already there in both aquaculture and horticulture
and both industries are waking up to its growing commercial potential.
For us, at Grow Bristol, we wanted to start by seeing if we could create an aquaponics project that could produce enough green vegetables
to be commercially viable. However, this time achieving it year round
and with all the benefits of soilless growing and farming fish. Currently,
we are building a unit to farm tilapia, herbs and leafy crops. Following
a similar model to the market gardens of the past, we will be supplying
directly to the immediate locality, with fresh produce. However, the big
difference here is that our aquaponics market garden is housed in con-
verted shipping containers on a brownfield site, close to the citys main

railway station. We believe it is the future of urban farming.
The project involves a small RAS aquaculture system and vertical LED lit hydroponic system that when completed will produce
leafy greens and tilapia for sale to cafes, restaurants and specialist
distributors. This will enable us to test the viability of a much larger
aquaponics farming business for Bristol. We are realising this early stage
project with funding and support from Bristol 2015 Green Capital, and
other organisations such as Innovate UK and The School for Social
Entrepreneurs.
Through Bristol 2015 Green Capital, we have been involved in
many public events where communities have come to learn and get
involved with urban agriculture. People have shown an increasing level
of consumer knowledge, combined with a demand in the market for
high quality, local food, with clear provenance. Consumers also voiced
International
Aquafeed
had the
opportunity to
speak to Pete
Whiting about
Grow Bristol
strong concerns about the impact of agriculture on the environment

and the difficulty of buying fish from truly sustainable sources. At a
recent event, promoting tilapia to the uninitiated, I was asked, This
tilapia is amazing, but where does your fish feed come from? We,
at Grow Bristol, see the issue of true sustainability as one of the big
challenges, not only for ourselves, but also for the aquafeed industry
to answer. Whilst there is already some research taking place that
may help to address this issue, (for example, the report in last months
edition about the use of pea protein concentrate), as a business with
social and environmental aims, we are keen to build partnerships
around further research within the industry.
Farmed fish for many consumers has the potential to be the only
truly sustainable protein (apart from insects perhaps!). However, as
smaller producers trading on the sustainability of our methods, we
would like to be able to reassure customers that in the future, our
tilapia wont just be fed on other fish or industrial monoculture crops.
We hope this is a realistic possibility for the aquaculture and aquaponics industry.
IAF: What limitations do you have

regarding the types
of plants you can
grow using aquaponics? Are you
restricted to the
nutrients from the
waste bi-products
of the fish?
GrowBristol
business partners
Pete Whiting
(near) and Dermot
OReagan (far) at
work with urban
aquaponics
PW: Aquaponics
is most suited to
growing leafy vegetable crops. This
is primarily due to
the main nutrient
source being the ammonia from the fish that is converted into nitrates,
which plants use in foliar growth. However, some aquaponic farmers do also grow root and fruit crops. Additional nutrients could be
added to your growing system without harming the fish if the system is
designed with this in mind.
IAF: You say that the technology is already available in aquaculture
and horticulture, what do you think needs to happen for aquaponics
to be more widely adopted?
PW: For aquaponics to be adopted more widely both the horticulture and aquaculture industries need to be convinced by a
large commercial scale success story in the UK. The benefits of
integrating these two farming methods are plain to see and with a
growing market for farmed fish and locally produced (not just locally
sourced) veg we believe it will happen.
IAF: Why have you selected Tilapia as your species to farm, I
understand that it is not so common in British supermarkets, how
has it been received in the marketplace?
PW: We have chosen to farm Tilapia as it ticks all the boxes for
us. Tilapia has a very good Food Conversion Ratio and is suited
to the conditions of an indoor urban farm. It also has a great taste
when farmed to a high standard of welfare and sustainability. It is
the second most farmed fish globally and is well known amongst the
UKs ethnic population. Tilapia is already being more widely used
by some large restaurant chains, particularly in Asian cuisine. As a
new niche product for UK consumers who value provenance as
much as price it has great potential.
IAF: Why do you see an urban setting as the future for farming?
PW: The future of farming is certainly not just in an urban setting
but thus far we are largely looking to the peri-urban and rural environment to help feed our cities. With growing urban populations
planners need to make provision for urban farms. They can help
supply the most perishable products directly from within the city
reducing waste and transport even without soil!
IAF: How do you foresee the future for GrowBristol? Are there
larger scale projects on the way?
PW: Next year Grow Bristol will start to develop plans for a large
indoor aquaponics farm. We aim to create a scaled up version of
our current project in a light industrial unit in the city.
Image cortesy of Stian Holmen Lein,

Bjoeroya Fiskeoppdrett AS
INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED
Hatchery Feed Pioneers
History of Innovation: Reed Mariculture Inc.
is the worlds largest producer of marine
microalgae concentrates. Founded in 1995,
we are dedicated to constant innovation to
ensure the ongoing success of our customers.
We are known for providing extraordinary
customer service, technical support and expertise
in world-wide shipping logistics.
Algae When You Need It: Our Instant Algae
larviculture feeds are used by over 500 hatcheries,
universities, and marine ornamental operations
in more than 90 countries. We also produce and distribute clean, hatchery-scale
rotifer and copepod starter cultures, Otohime and TDO weaning and juvenile feeds,
and supplies.
Ensuring Stable & Productive Cultures: Our feeds and enrichments are produced
using bio-secure, proprietary processes. These long shelf life products provide fish,
bivalves and shrimp with clean, convenient feeds that can replace in-house microalgae.
www.ReedMariculture.com
2015 highlights
New Aquaculture Center for Applied Nutrition (ACAN) at Nong

Lam University in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam opened in June.
New 3,100+ ton production facility in Panama opened in August;
reflecting our further commitment to aqua producers in the Western
hemisphere.
BIOMIN launches Mycofix 5.0, the most scientifically-advanced
mycotoxin deactivator to date.
Outlook for 2016
Farm management, pond quality gut health and immune status of farmed
species and innovative feed additives will all play a role in controlling EMS.
New shrimp farming systems will emerge in response to challenges posed by
diseases.
Sustainability and certification will continue to gain ground.
Problems related to fishmeal replacements (e.g. digestibility or palatability issues) will become more widespread.
About
At BIOMIN we harness the power of science to support animal health and performance. By applying state-of-the-art and proprietary
technology we deliver natural, sustainable and profitable solutions to the aquaculture industry. For over 30 years we have pioneered
innovative solutions for mycotoxin risk management and gut performance.
aqua.biomin.net
2015/16 INDUSTRY PROFILES

Always leading to meet evolving customer needs
As the worlds leading supplier of aquatic feed and pet food processing systems, Wenger
supports customers in new product development, lowering energy costs and expanding
viable recipe options. In the last few years, Wenger introduced more than 30 new innovations and was issued numerous patents in response to rapidly changing needs in the industry.
Innovative designs
Available in both single and twin screw technologies, Wenger extruders boast capacities up
to 22 tons/hour in multiple configurations. In addition, Wenger designs and manufactures
dryers, coating equipment, and ancillary hardware, which can be computerized, integrated
and automated for complete process management.
Wengers C2 TX Shrimp Feed Extruder features their oblique die technology and high shear conditioning for uniform, high density
aquatic feeds down to 0.8 mm in size at capacities up to 5,000 ton/hour.
The Wenger TX-3000 High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder can produce the same products as the C2TX but at capacities up to
12,000 ton/hour. Additionally, many other types, sizes, and densities of aquatic feeds may be processed.
Knowledge, research, training and support
Every Wenger product comes with exceptional personal service. Customers have access to the 27,000-square-foot Wenger Technical
Center and laboratory to test ideas and formulas. Technical support includes pre- and post-installation engineering assistance, operator
training and on-site attention to quality control and operational needs. An extensive replacement parts inventory keeps customer
downtime to a minimum.
Operating around the globe
Wenger engineering, manufacturing, research and administrative facilities are based at their headquarters in Sabetha, Kansas, USA,
with additional research sites, sales and service locations around the world. In fact, Wenger serves producers of hundreds of different
agri-food products in more than 90 countries.
www.wenger.com
GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG is a group company of PHW,

one of the largest producers of poultry products in Europe.
As a member of PHW, GePro is part of a completely integrated poultry production.
GePro headquarter is in Diepholz (Germany) with global sales offices located in Bangkok
(Kingdom of Thailand) and Moscow (Russian Federation).
GePro transforms poultry by-products from the slaughterhouse into valuable ingredients for animal nutrition and
biofuel (SP-Power)
With the state of the art production systems, our products are of extremely high quality and are regarded as
benchmarks in the industry. The entire process is under strict veterinarian control leading to consistent flawless
quality and great value proposition for our customers.
www.ge-pro.de
November-December
November-December2015
2015| |INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONALAQUAFEED
AQUAFEED| |31
31
FEATURE
More than a mycotoxin binder

AntaFerm MT FlavoMax
by Monika Korzekwa, Dr Eckel
ycotoxin contamination of feed stuff often involves

multiple toxins affecting various aspects of animal
health, gut integrity, and animal performance. This is
mainly caused by the detrimental effects mycotoxins
have on the immune system, the gut barrier or the oxidative status
of the animals. Effects that can be seen are, for instance, enlarged
or shrunken organs as well as inflamed tissues. Binding components
efficacy is essential to prevent the maximum of toxins from entering
the digestive tract.
But as mycotoxins and their metabolites are so numerous with different chemical structures (polarity, size, conformation, etc), no binder
is able to bind efficiently all categories of mycotoxins. In addition to
special care to prevent the growth of moulds, detoxification measures,
reduction of gastrointestinal absorption with mycotoxin binders, there
is a need for prevention of the mycotoxin-induced toxic effects once
the toxin is ingested. Nutritional approaches, such as supplementation
of nutrients, food components, or additives with protective effects
against mycotoxin toxicity are gaining interest. In response, Dr Eckel
has developed a new generation of mycotoxin binder to face the challenges of modern animal production.
Comprehensive solution fights 4

main toxicity mechanisms
AntaFerm MT FlavoMax is a comprehensive solution that targets

the 4 main toxicity mechanisms to prevent the harmful effects of a
wide range of mycotoxins. AntaFerm MT FlavoMax impacts directly
on the toxins (binding components) and on the animal, activating its
own natural defences (fig 1):
Binding of mycotoxins
Reduction of oxidative stress
Protection of the gut barrier function including anti-inflammatory
effects along the digestive tract
Modulation of the immune system
Binding of mycotoxins
AntaFerm MT Flavomax includes a proven combination of selected

mineral clays and yeast cell walls, showing an excellent binding efficacy of
different mycotoxins (Lohlter et al. 2013).
The selected mineral clays bind mycotoxins
in their interlayers by a process called
chemisorption. Yeast cell walls are composed of complex polymers of -(1,3)/(1,6)
glucan, mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and
chitin. MOS is located on the surface of the
cell wall and plays an important role in binding mycotoxins and improving the microenvironment of the animals digestive tract.
The efficacy of glucomannan-containing
yeast products as mycotoxin absorbents in
feed has been investigated in several studies
on animals. As a mycotoxin binder, yeast
cell walls have numerous characteristics
including: Binding mycotoxins, especially
zearalenone (ZEN); unaffected by the pH
of the gastrointestinal tract; without changing nutritional value (regarding mineral and
vitamin) in feed; no residue in animal.
FEATURE
the gut lumen and the animals blood stream. Several studies have
shown that mycotoxins such as DON and OTA reduce the protective
function of the gut wall. A meta-analysis published by Grenier and
Applegate (2013) reviews how mycotoxins can modulate intestinal
functions. In terms of morphology of the intestinal villi, studies show
that feeding poultry low or moderate levels of deoxynivalenol (DON)
alone or combined with other fusariotoxins leads to a reduction in
villi height in both the duodenum and jejunum. Practical implications
can range from diarrhoea, inflammation and fever to reduced feed
efficiency. In a series of trials, the plant based ingredients in AntaFerm
MT FlavoMax have shown to act as an anti-inflammatory agent along
the digestive tract, having a positive effect on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium resulting in an improved feed conversion ratio (fig 2).
Modulation of the immune system
Reduction of oxidative stress.
Some mycotoxins (ie, OTA, FB1, AFB1, DON, and T2) have been
known to produce damages by increasing oxidative stress. The animal
has to detoxify mycotoxins, which is called xenobiotic metabolisation.
During this detoxification process, free radicals are produced that
increase levels of oxidative stress resulting in DNA damage, lipid
peroxidation and inflammation or cell death. Practical implications can
be reduced health status, increased incidence and severity of inflammations or skin disorders. The flavonoids in AntaFerm MT FlavoMax
have shown to reduce oxidative stress by deactivating reactive radicals
in the body (Gessner et al 2013).
Protection of the gut barrier function including

anti-inflammatory effects along the digestive tract
The intestinal epithelium has many different functions. One is the

absorption of nutrients. It is also the first protective barrier between
Since not all mycotoxins can be neutralised by binding, it is

important to include additional mechanisms that go beyond binding
to maintain optimal performance. A well-functioning immune system
contributes to high performing animals. AntaFerm MT FlavoMax
includes B-Glucans, which have been shown to activate macrophages,
improve lymphocyte proliferation, reduce pathogen attachment and
improve vaccination response a powerful boost for the immune
system.
Binding components efficacy is essential to prevent the maximum
of toxins from entering the digestive tract. But as mycotoxins and
their metabolites are so numerous with so many different chemical structures (polarity, size, conformation, etc), no binder is able
to bind efficiently all categories of mycotoxins in a sufficient way.
AntaFerm MT FlavoMax stimulates an animals natural defences in
three essential ways: it prevents tissues peroxidation, boosts immune
response and reduces inflammation along the digestive tract caused
by mycotoxins.
EXPERT TPIC
EXPERT TOPIC
TAMBAQUI
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look
at a particular species and how its feed is managed.
EXPERT TPIC
1
2
1 A fish of many names
olossoma macropomum may not

exactly roll off the tongue, but it
certainly eradicates the confusion
caused by the variety of alternative colloquial names this fish goes under:
tambaqui, cachama, gamitana and even pacu
- a term usually employed for other species.
Every dentist should own a tambaqui.
Shaped somewhat like a piranha, this South
American species has a set of teeth more like
those of a human. It is an omnivore, feeding
preferentially on planktonic microcrustaceans
and fruit fallen from the branches of the
flooded forests where the fish also spawns.
Algae, larvae, adult insects and some plant
material are also consumed.
In some countries, for example Panama,
tambaqui are raised in polyculture with tilapia.
Densities vary from one fish per 10m2 when
employing organic fertilisers to one fish per 5
m2 when supplementary feeds or agricultural
by-products are used.
In eight or ten months the fish will reach a
weight of 500 - 1000g, at which point they will
often be sold. If the farmer wants the fish for
himself, however, he will often let them grow
on beyond a year, to over a kilo.
In 2004, the only freshwater fish produced
by Panama accounting for a greater tonnage than tambaqui was trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss), beating the former by only five
tonnes; however, the trout made almost double the tambaqui's monetary value.
Why the difference in price? There may
be other reasons, but in the past at least, tambaqui certainly had a couple of major drawbacks in the eyes of your average consumer.
For one thing, it has a lot of Y-shaped
bones distributed through the flesh, unattached to the backbone. These form a nice
supporting mesh for the muscles - great news
for the fish, but not so great for you when
it winds up on your plate. The problem was
viewed as being severe enough that the fish
would require cutting into 'rounds', like slicing
a sausage, rather than the more conventional
fillet.
Another problem was considered to be

storage. Like in many migratory species, the
tambaqui's spine has a large blood supply. The
haeme compounds found in the blood speed
up oxidation of the tissues, quickly leading to
not-so-fresh fish.
Nevertheless, the production figures speak
for themselves: most Europeans may have
never heard of it, but the tambaqui is of
great importance to the economy and food
security of significant areas of Central and
South America. Furthermore, researchers are
currently making progress in addressing lessdesirable aspects of the fish.
Source: FAO
EXPERT TPIC
2
Tambaqui: is it
possible for this
species to feed
a continental
country?
by Professor Igo G. Guimares, (Laboratrio
de Pesquisa em Aquicultura - LAPAQ
Universidade Federal de Gois - Campus de
Jata), Janana G. Arajo (Post doctorate)
and Graciela P. Martins (PhD), Brazil
Brazilian population still continues, data from

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and
Statistics have observed a great increase in fish
consumption rates in Brazil reaching 14.5 kg
per capita in 2013 (MPA, 2014). This increase
in fish consumption has led to the development of the aquaculture industry, which, is
now demanding more technology to achieve
market demands for good quality products.
With the current high growth rate of
Brazilian aquaculture, tambaqui (Colossoma
macropomum) is one species that has been
gaining space among a wide variety of aquacultured fish. Tambaqui is the second largest
scaled freshwater fish from Latin America with
naturally occurring habitats of the Amazonian
and Orinoco river basin. It is the second most
farmed species in Brazil, just behind tilapia.
Tambaqui has a societal and economic importance, mainly for Amazonian people. It is the
main protein source of this population and
specific cuts of tambaqui (such as the ribs) are
becoming highly appreciated internationally
nowadays.
It is a fast growing species reaching 1.2 kg
in just eight months when farmed in net cages
(according to our personal data) and very
adaptable to different raising systems.
Irrespective of the importance of tambaqui
for the aquaculture industry in Brazil, very
little information on nutrient requirements is
available, with insufficient information on how
different diets can affect the characteristics
of the final products of tambaqui. This lack
of information may be responsible for one
problem that has reduced the acceptability of
hen we think about Brazil,

the first thing we have
in mind is happy people,
carnivals and one of the top
beef cattle and soybean producers globally.
However, it seems that the taste or the way
Brazilians perceive fish, one of the healthiest
protein sources available, has been changing
nowadays.
As far as we can date, Brazil has neglected
fish as a protein source in almost all regions
of the country. For example, in 2009 the
average intake of fish by person was only
nine kilograms per person annually, and the
most consumed protein source was chicken
and beef; while fish and fish-products were
the least consumed animal protein. Although
this figure on the dietary preference of the
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tambaqui in some regions of Brazil. Consumers usually neglect to buy

tambaqui because of the high fat content of the species, this can account
for 70 percent of the total visceral content depending on fish size.
Based on this problem, our research group has been working
intensively
to improve tambaqui diets. We are doing this by providing
Bierhefe
Beta-S
W60
nutrient requirementMannan
data to assist the feed industry with formulating
species-specific diets for tambaqui.
This is achieved by trying to understand how this fish uses different
sources of nutrients and what the correct balance between protein/
amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids is, as well as the extent to which
we can modulate fat deposition by diet manipulation.
What we know, based on the biology of tambaqui is that this species has a very plastic feeding habit, for example, tambaqui in its natural
environment can feed on different food sources such as fruits, nuts
and zooplankton, the proportion consumed between food items varies
according to the raining season.
Additionally, a post-doc researcher (Dr Janana Arajo) from our
group has been studying how phosphorus (P) nutrition could effect fat
deposition and surprisingly we have observed that this species is able to
efficiently use P from plant sources, which is not a very common feature
of most fish species.
In a series of trials, we have observed that tambaqui and other fish
from the same family can grow well in a diet based solely on plant ingredients and without a P source (usually dicalcium phosphate). Now, we
are studying the mechanisms used by this species to efficiently use P in
plant sources and the P requirement in different life stages.
These results will help to develop diets with low environmental
impact and reduces feed cost which is one of the characteristics of a
sustainable aquaculture production.
The question now is: will tambaqui be able to feed a continental
country like Brazil with its steadily increasing fish intake? Although we
dont have a definite answer because this involves several links of the
production chain, our group believes that tambaqui can contribute a lot.
The further increase in aquaculture production throughout the world will
have to be on farming of low trophic level fish species (Ben et al. 2015),
such as tambaqui, tilapia and carp. This is due to the low production cost
and the reduced level of fishmeal and/or marine ingredients required in
their diets compared to high trophic level species.
de
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EXPERT TPIC
Tambaqui can be one of the solutions for

the aquaculture in the tropics, provided that
correct developments in all production chains
take place, from the fish farmer to the fish
processing factories and the consumer. This
could help the industry to put this species on
the table of several families, offering competitive prices and helping assure food security
mainly in low-income communities. In fact,
one of the programs of the Brazilian government has been to include fish into childrens
diet in public schools.
We believe that tambaqui can play a special role in Brazilian aquaculture. Due to the
economic crisis and the devaluation of Brazils
currency, the population will probably reduce
the intake of high valued imported fish such as
Salmon, Tuna and Atlantic Cod.
This can act as an opportunity for
the Brazilian aquaculture industry, which
is based on the farming of low-trophic
level species, to insert their products and
attract consumers. Because this species can
efficiently use plant and animal products,
presents a fast growth rate even without

selective breeding, may be able to efficiently
use P in a vast range of ingredients and has
resistance to management practices in fish
farms, it makes it a strong candidate for
the production of low cost fish products.
However, more information is needed to
accurately determine the potential of this
species. Which type of system will be
more profitable? The impact of nutrition
on the production cost and sustainability of
tambaqui farming will need to be assessed
in order to have a definite answer on the
potential of tambaqui as an improvement
for Latin American aquaculture.
Although the aquaculture industry in Brazil
is not well developed compared to countries
such as Norway, it has the potential to be one
of the worlds leading fish producers. Brazil will
probably have a role of assisting in feeding an
increased world population of approximately
two billion people by 2050, this is due to the
vast freshwater reservoirs and a long coast
which is barely exploited by aquaculture.
We suspect tambaqui will have a special

role on the development of the aquaculture
industry. However, this needs to be done in
association with the development of new
production technologies. It will require a
better understanding of the physiology of
this fish, aiming to reduce the production
cost and increase the efficiency of production.
About the research group
Professor Igo G. Guimares completed

his PhD in Animal Science from Universidade
Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho and
his post-docorate from the National Institute
of Nutrition and Seafood Research. He is
currently an associate professor at the Federal
University of Gois and is located at the Jata
campus.
As the campus is located in an intensive
agricultural region with a dense soybean, corn
and sorghum plantation, the animal production business has developed because of the
availability of low cost grains.
Five years ago they created a research
group, of which Professor Guimares is
the leader. This group focuses on the
development of tropical fish farming in
the Brazlian Savannah. Within the wider
group, Igo leads the Nutrition section
that is devoted to studying how nutrition
can improve the welfare and growth of
candidate aquaculture species. His team
is composed of two professors, one
post-doctorate, three PhD students, two
graduate students and a technician.
In their laboratory, they mostly develop
trials on nutrient requirements, metabolism and conduct feed evaluations for
tambaqui and pirapitinga species. Other
areas of the group are developed in collaboration with other institutions and in
other campuses of the University.
Exhibition and conferences for feed

ingredients, additives and formulation
Exhibition and conferences for feed

processing technology
29 31 MARCH 2016 . BITEC EXHIBITION HALLS, BANGKOK, THAILAND
Asias premier aquafeed event

Symposium and Summit
The second ASEAN Feed and Rice
Symposium
The second ASEAN Feed Summit
Contact details
For visitor, exhibition stand space and
conference information please visit:
www.fiaap.com or www.victam.com
Specialist conferences
The exhibitions will be supported by their own specialist
conferences. They will include:
FIAAP Asia Animal Nutrition Conference 2016
Aquafeed Horizons Asia 2016
Co-located with
GRAPAS Asia 2016 www.grapas.eu
Supported by
The Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau
INDUSTRY EVENTS
EVENT LISTINGS
5-7 November 2015
Expo Pesca & Acuiperu
www.thaiscorp.com
16-19 November 2015

Fenacam & Lacqua 2015
http://marevent.com
19-21 November 2015
Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show

www.taiwanfishery.com
01-03 December 2015

Algae Europe 2015
http://algaecongress.com
14-16 December 2015
Middle East & Central Asia Aquaculture

2015
www.meaf.ae
22-26 February 2016

Aquaculture 2016
www.was.org
26-29 February 2016
Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016

www.was.org
Sixth Offshore Mariculture Conference dates are

confirmed
he Offshore Mariculture Conference is an international two-day conference focused on the

mariculture fish farming business. The 2016 Conference will take place at the World Trade
Centre in Barcelona, Spain from 6-8 April 2016.
The conference will benefit fish farmers and is a must-attend event for those looking to grow their
offshore farming or high-energy site business or for those looking towards moving their operations
to offshore. Topics to be covered this year include:
Supply Chain Farming, Feed, Technology,
Processing, value added
Unexplained mortality: improving survival rates and increasing profits
High Energy sites versus Offshore sites
Emerging markets and technologies
Knowledge sharing farming practices in Northern Europe versus Southern Europe
Previous events have been held in Malta, Alicante, Dubrovnik, Izmir and Naples. Over the years the
Conference has proven to be an invaluable platform for both networking and bringing together the
industry, both European and international, to put forward regulatory change including the Statement
of Izmir presented to the UN by the FAO requesting an assessment of the access and operational
frameworks for open ocean mariculture in the High Seas. The Conference also provides the opportunity to be updated on the latest innovative products and technologies.
The 2014 conference, held in Naples attracted, 115 delegates who came from over 28 countries
and included 26 fish farmers.
We are still currently accepting abstracts on the above list of topics, all interested parties are invited
to submit their abstract by 27 November 2015 along with a speaker biography to: conferences@
offshoremariculture.com
15-17 March 2016
Oceanology International
www.oceanologyinternational.com
Aqua Fisheries Expo 2016
29-31 March 2016
Middle East Aquaculture Forum

www.meaf.ae/meaf16
04-06 June 2016
FutureFish Eurasia 2016

www.future-fish.com
For more industry event

information - visit our
events register
www.aquafeed.co.uk
NEWS SERVICE
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Aquaculturists
The seafood sector in Myanmar has a large potential to contribute to food security, employment
and economic development. Natural resources are widely available and fisheries are an important
source of income and animal protein for the domestic population. Many products, like shrimp, mud
crab and sea bass have a large commercial potential in high value markets in the EU and other
overseas markets.
After the grand success of our 2nd Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015, with 60 exhibitors from China,
India, Vietnam, Thailand, USA, Germany, Denmark, Taiwan... attracting more than 3000 visitors from
Germany, Denmark, Canada, USA, China, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia,
France, Japan and other countries and regions, we, VEAS are organizing the 3rd edition of Aqua
Fisheries 2016 which is going to pump in more value additions to the existing aquaculture and fisheries industry.
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Find more event stories at the
Myanmar: 28 30 September 2016, Myanmar Convention Centre (MCC),

Yangon
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02-04 June 2016
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Aquaculture UK 2016
http://aquacultureuk.com
Cambodia: 8 9 August 2016, Phnom Penh Hotel, Phnom Penh

Cambodia is home to some of the worlds most intensive freshwater fisheries. The 2.6 million
tonnes of fish caught annually in the Mekong basin represent seven times more than the catch
of North American inland fisheries and more than 10 times the entire fish catch in Australia. As
Cambodias population grows, however, the fishing industry is coming increasingly under threat.
Moreover, Fish production in Cambodia is three times as big as the countrys pig production and
20 times bigger than its chicken production. Most Cambodians rely on fish as a source of affordable protein.
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25-26 May 2016
Exhibitions & Conferences in Cambodia and Myanmar
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FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS ASIA 2016

www.victam.com
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
INDUSTRY EVENTS
ALGAE EUROPE 2015 Conference
lgae Europe kicks off on 1-3 December, 2015 in the Sana Lisboa
Hotel, Lisbon, Portugal. The yearly joined conference of EABA
(European Algae Biomass Association), Directorates General
for Energy and Research & Innovation of the European Commission
and DLG BENELUX has a new name. The organisation expects to
attract 250 participants for this second edition, as it is a unique opportunity for the exchange between academia and industry. The conference features a networking based environment that allows discussion
on the evolution of the Algae Biomass sector worldwide and understand the role of the main European players. Delegates meet on a professional platform for finding out tomorrows solutions today.
Algae future crop
Algae are the new crop for the future. Algae contain proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other elements that can be used
as ingredients for a large range of sectors from food & feed to nutraceutical & cosmeceuticals to biofuels. Algo-biorefineries can maximise
the potential of algae applications and open new opportunities. The
valorisation of added-value products from algae is setting the conditions for the development of small or niche markets, which eventually
can grow to larger scale, says Vtor Verdelho, president of the EABA
(European Algae Biomass Association), reacting on the question why
algae are so important.
algo-biorefineries operating in the EU. Algae can help address several

of the EUs policy objectives for sustainable biofuels and biochemicals.
Unique Platform
Algae Europe is a unique opportunity to learn and understand the bottlenecks of algae production and commercialisation and interact with the
key players. Algae Europe 2015 offers the opportunity for all stakeholders
to be updated on the recent industrial developments in the field, with an
overview of European initiatives. Keynote presentations and panel discussion will provide a high quality forum for discussion and information
exchange. The poster session and the trade show offer even more possibilities to present innovative products, processes and services.
About Algae Europe
Algae Europe kicks off its second edition this year in Lisbon, Portugal.
The conference follows the 1st EABA and EC Algae Contractors
Conference, and the 8th International Algae Congress held in Florence
(Italy) in 2014, which was visited by 188 delegates coming from 34
countries. The Florence conference had 46 speakers in the program,
divided into 11 sessions. There were three networking lunches and a
welcome reception.
For more on ALGAE EUROPE 2015 go to www.algaecongress.com
European Projects
Currently, there are several projects

in Europe, from lab scale to demonstration plants and commercial facilities, aiming to accelerate the commercialisation of algal products. The
long path from research to pilot
plants and production facilities will
be shown in several presentations
including some of the most relevant
projects financed by the EC. The
Commissions suppor t for both
research and large scale demonstration projects has stimulated the algae
community in the EU and soon we
expect to have the first commercial
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Increased interest in Aqua Nor 2017
Aqua Nors Managing

Director Ola Eriksen
here is growing satisfaction with Aqua Nor among both exhibitors and visitors, and more are now saying they will be back.
The upcoming expansion of the Trondheim Spektrum exhibition halls will increase the capacity for future exhibitions; in 2017 a large,
temporary hall will be erected, and for Aqua Nor 2019 an even larger,
permanent hall will be ready.
Exhibitors at Aqua Nor 2015 expressed that they to a great extent,
and to a greater extent than before, intend to participate in the next
Aqua Nor. This is the conclusion in a customer survey among exhibitors and visitors that was undertaken after Aqua Nor 2015. Managing
Director Ola Eriksen is now very happy that the expansion plans have
been approved in time for Aqua Nor 2017.
We are very happy that a larger number of exhibitors and visitors
wish to come to our show in 2017 and we will be ready to welcome
them all.
Identifying possible improvements
Mr Eriksen is also very focused on areas where improvements can be

made, and these have been identified through the survey.
We are extremely grateful that so many took the time to respond
and give us this feedback. What we believe to be important and good
may be quite different from what the exhibitors and visitors think is
important and good.The results of the customer survey tell us what we
need to improve and what our focus for the next exhibition should be.
The participants shall have an even better experience next time they
come, says Mr Eriksen.
Doubling the exhibition area that will be

demolished
We have noticed that some of the respondents in the survey are

wondering what the expansion plans for Trondheim Spektrum will
mean for Aqua Nor 2017. The exhibition will be held as usual, but with
a greater capacity. We will demolish halls A, B, and C, and replace these
with a building that will be almost three times their combined size. This
means that we will have to erect a temporary hall for Aqua Nor 2017,
but even this hall will be twice the size of the halls that we are tearing
down, explains Mr Eriksen.
No more waiting list
At Aqua Nor 2015, the organisers for the first time ever had to set
up a waiting list for exhibitors. In 2017 and later years, we will be able
to accommodate all those who were on the waiting list for this years
exhibition, says Mr Eriksen.
Relevant exhibitors create growth
Eriksen believes the quality and diversity among exhibitors is the main
reason behind the record number of visitors at Aqua Nor 2015, and
the increased satisfaction among exhibitors and visitors alike.
We are of course thrilled about the growing number of exhibitors
and visitors but the quality is even more important. We see that participants feel that it is the right people who come to Aqua Nor.
The fact that participants in the last exhibition are satisfied and
positive is important to the organisers. However, Aqua Nor 2015 is
now history, and the focus is now on Aqua Nor 2017.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Paris Hotel and Convention Center

Las Vegas, Nevada USA
February 22-26, 2016
AquAculture
2016
CO-SPONSORS
ASSOCIATE SPONSORS
American Veterinary Medical Association
America's Tilapia Alliance
Aquacultural Engineering Society
Aquaculture Association of Canada
Aquaculture Feed Industry Association
California Aquaculture Association
Catfish Farmers of America
Global Aquaculture Alliance
International Association of Aquaculture

Economics and Management
Latin America & Caribbean Chapter WAS
Striped Bass Growers Association
US Shrimp Farming Association
US Trout Farmers Association
World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association
Zebrafish Husbandry Association
In Cooperation with California Aquaculture Association
For More Information Contact:
Conference Manager | P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA

Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 | Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org
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INDUSTRY EVENTS
An event of excellence
Roy Palmer and Ivan Marquetti on the International Aquafeed stand
FENACAM/LACQUA 2015
by Ivan Marquetti, Latin American International Aquafeed

Regional Director
The 12th edition of FENACAM was held in

conjunction with LACQUA 2015 from Monday-toThursday November 16-19, 2015 in Fortaleza, Brazil
he opening ceremony was far from a mere formality. The

speeches from national and foreign authorities discussed key
points of Brazilian aquaculture. Topics included: tax exemption for production bottlenecks marketing; the model of shrimp
production in Brazil and the continuity of institutional management
in the industry, which is now under the control of the Ministry of
Agriculture, Livestock and Supply.
Itamar Rocha, president of the Brazilian Shrimp Farmers Association
(ABCC), thanked all the partners of the event, but soon after focused
critical attention on the wasted potential of aquaculture in Brazil.
Brazil continues with a deficit of $1.5 billion in the trade of fish
and the world needs more aquaculture products. However, we
are doing nothing to change the scenario, Brazil does not export
anything and we are falling behind, he says.
The previous day at the opening ceremony, Mr Rocha had already
criticised use of soybeans as the main feed ingredient in aquaculture,
saying, Soybean meal is exported to 0.30 cents, but as food could
be exported $4 per kilo.
Cristiano Peixoto Maia, president of the Association of Shrimp
Producers Cearenses (ACCC), confirmed the expectation that the
state of Cear will close the year with 50,000 tonnes of shrimp
produced, despite setbacks.
Now our goal is to double this figure in five years. But we need
unity between the government and the productive sector, this is
something which does not occur in other northeastern states, says
Mr Maia. We should achieve a close relationship between the university and industry, so that one learns to produce more quality.
On the other hand there was criticism of the taxation of the entire
shrimp production chain. Whoever is in the field does not have to pay
taxes to produce food. We exempt the PIS and Cofins of the entire
chain, feeding in the post- larva, energy, and so on says Mr Maia.
Brazilian Shrimp is the most expensive in the world, says Farshad
Shishehchian, CEO of Aqua Blue, a provider of aquacultural services
and equipment based in Singapore and Thailand.
Mr Shishehchian addressed some points that are sensitive to the
Brazilian shrimp industry. I totally disagree with extensive production. Brazil is now realising that natural resources are limited and we
need to improve efficiency and increase production through intensive systems.
There were lectures and conferences of excellent quality and a
variety of quality papers presented during the three-day event. The
rooms were mostly filled and attendees were treated to superb
speakers and industry experts.
The topics were current and relevant to the industry in Brazil.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
With presentations such as the Effects of climate change on aquaculture production, by Adalberto Luis Val, from the National Laboratory
of Amazonian Research.
The second day saw tropical temperatures of 35 degrees celcius.
At 8.30am the showrooms were overwhelmed to witness presentations from industry leaders including Philippe Tacon of Phileo Lessafre Animal Care, Peter Couteau Nutriad and Oliver DeCamp
of INVE.
They discussed pressing issues in aquaculture including diseases in
shrimp farming, reducing the impact of diseases in shrimp production
and natural solutions for it.
Undoubtedly the presentation on fish feed that could not be
missed was that from Eduwaldo Jordao of Wenger. He made a
detailed lecture on floating feed and selection of ingredients, that
saw all those in attendance listening attentively.
Over the course of the event there was a wide range of topics
addressed, including but not limited to the cultivation of tilapia, aquaponics, Biofloc , fish immunology, gastrointestinal problems, alternative feed, Larviculture, even the issues related to social and economic
policy that affect aquaculture were addressed.
Roy Palmer, International Aquafeeds Australian correspondent and
regular Aquaculture without frontiers columnist spoke on Global
perspectives of sustainable aquaculture.
A brief summary of this interesting presentation can be viewed
via the online platform Aquafeed International in Latin America.
Undoubtedly there are many contributors to thank for this years
event. FENACAM for their alliance with the Latin American and
Caribbean Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (LACC/ERA).
Mario Stael and John Cooksey can finally breathe easy after several
months of tireless work.
There were a number of leading companies present to name a
few: in machinery there was Wenger, Andritz, Manzoni; in animal
nutrition and health, Alltech, Biorigin, Biomin, Guabi, Epicore, MSD,
Nutriad, INVE and technology/laboratories included Prilabsa, Pentair
and Catalysis.
The entrepreneurship that was observed over the three days was
incredible. Many owners of shrimp farms, food factories and students
gathered and there was no hesitation to close contracts and investigate new technologies.
The show doors would open at 2pm daily and would not close
until 10pm, hours uncommon for an industry event. This decision
would have made it easier for workers and companies to visit after
at the end of their working day and not miss out on the happening
at the Cear Events Centre.
Lacqua 2016 will be held in Peru, at the Sheraton Convention
Centre from 28 November to 1 December and will have follow the
theme, Innovative Aquaculture low Environmental Challenges.
See you in Peru!
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Aquaculture, nature
and society
by Peter Parker
The weather was less than favourable in the diverse

city of Rotterdam for the week of AE2015, but this did
not seem to impair the constant flow of cyclists, trams,
motorists, and pedestrians in the city centre nor the
attendance at this key annual event.
quaculture Europe 2015 focused on Aquaculture,

Nature and Society, when the industry met at
De Doelen Centre in the heart of Rotterdam, The
Netherlands, for its three day annual event which ran
from Wednesday-to-Friday October 21-23, 2015.
besides being supported in some way by all of the presentations
throughout the event, the theme was directly addressed by three
invited speakers.
The exhibitions reception was smooth and professional, seeing
exhibitors gather to kick off networking with beverages on the
Tuesday evening, prior to the official opening of the event.
International Aquafeed was represented by Roger Gilbert
(Publisher), Tuti Tan (Events and Circulation Manager) and myself
were present.
The presentations made following the official opening focused on
the theme of Aquaculture, Nature and Society, and were supported
throughout the the three-day event. For instance, the theme was
directly addressed by the three invited speakers:
CEO of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Chris Ninnes
spoke about the ASCs strategy to demonstrate improved
sustainability
Huw Thomas, the Fisheries and Aquaculture Manager of the
UK retailer Morrisons gave a presentation on society and
consumer preference
Louise Fresco, the third speaker who is Wageningen Universitys
CEO, gave a talk titled New approaches to production and
compared developments in aquaculture to those in agriculture
and discussed the importance of enhancing natural capitol
whilst balancing the precision farming concept of providing
eco-services and conservation in local areas
Opening ceremony
The official opening was held in an auditorium, large BioMar banners framed the podium where speakers took the stage to share on
aquaculture issues, solutions and predictions.
EAS 2014-2016 President Sachi Kaushik gave an inspiring welcome to the delegates, noting the suitability of Rotterdam for such
an event.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Alderman of Gemeente Goes, Jo-Annes de Bat spoke about
aquaculture in the southwest province of Zeeland and the growing
oyster and mussel cultivation industry they have there.
Discussing how their key challenge is producing safe, high quality
food, in a world where the nature of climate change will inevitably
result in crop failure.
The challenge is clearly defined, let us tackle it together, says
Mr de Bat.
Henry Kool, the Minister of Economic Affairs, shared his ideas on
the secret to the successful aquaculture industry of The Netherlands.
Mr Kool spoke about recent developments regarding the promotion of mussel seed collection whilst reducing the practice of mussel
trawling. Another innovation they were looking into was attaching
aquaculture farms to ocean-located wind turbine farms.
John Bell, Director of Bioeconomy at DG Research and
Innovation shared the details the European Unions plan to invest
further into Aquaculture, making the point that globally growth in
aquaculture has been at around seven percent where as in Europe
it has been stagnating at a lower rate.
He claimed that Europe is renowned for its high standards but
also suggested that Europe has its weaknesses too. Namely, that it
is difficult to manage space in Europe and that decision-making can
be overly bureaucratic.
Mr Bell closed with the point that currently 56 percent of land is
being used for raising animals and that this is ultimately an unsustainable practice for various reasons.
The final speaker for the opening presentation was the CEO of
Gerald Klein Essink with Tuti Tan and Roger Gilbert

on the International Aquafeed stand
Sjoerd Driessen, sales support engineer at Dinnissen
INDUSTRY EVENTS
the Aquaculture stewardship council (ASC), Chris Ninnes.

Mr Ninnes gave us all an overview of what the ASC is about
and what they aim to achieve as a market based organization.
Themes of his description included transparency for upheld credibility, simplistic and general guidelines and a focus on environmental and social responsibility.
The standards for ASC have been high, in fact only 15-20 percent of current producers could meet them at the time of release;
when this point was questioned in the closing Q&A. Mr Ninnes
made the point that these guidelines are something for producers
to work towards, in doing so improving the industry.
The point that ASC was not trying to re-invent the wheel was
reiterated a few times throughout the talk. One quote that stuck
with me after his presentation was that, not all standards are
created equal, a statement that I believe can be perceived with
various implications.
As the opening ceremony came to an end and the auditorium
cleared, it seemed to me that the greatest challenge was going to
be working out how to make the most of all of the opportunities
identified in just three days as they relate to aquaculture, nature
and society.
The venue
As previously mentioned, AE2015 was hosted at De Doelen,
Nick Bridel (left), chief operations engineer at TMC Catharina Nieuwenhuizen, marketing manager, Noba
INDUSTRY EVENTS
a concert venue and convention centre in Rotterdam, over 45

years have passed since its opening in 1966.
The magnificent Rotterdam Centraal railway station, which
was officially opened in 2014, is located just across the road
from De Doelen. Transport around the city is easily catered
for via the local tramlines.
With the full four floors occupied by the exhibitors, scientific posters and presentations, the venue was more than large
enough to house this three day event.
Stats and figures
The AE2015 programme was co-chaired by Catarina

Martins of Marine Harvest and Aad Smaal of Waginingen
IMARES. I am told the two co-chairs frequently had to make
difficult decisions around the selection of abstracts for their
sessions.
In total there were 30 technical sessions that made up the
AE2015 programme, with 357 oral presentations and 205
scientific posters a comprehensive update of the latest research
was available for most aquacultural domains.
A total of 1057 participants from 65 different countries
were attracted to this years conferences and to glimpse the
diverse aquacultural show the European Aquaculture Society
(EAS) musters.
The team at Aller Aqua
L-R: Zhenja Antochin, sales manager, VIV Exhibitions; Prof. Simon

Davies, Harper Adams University and chief editor of International
Aquafeed magazine, Johan den Hartog, managing director, GMP+
International
(L-R) Alexander bei der Hake, Franz Peter Rebafka, Holger

Suhrenbrock and Oscar Ezeh at the GePro Aqua stand
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Presidents reception dinner
Aubert Faivre,
export manager
at FAIVRE
Chelsea Andrews (Product manager) and Pierre-Luc

St-Onge (Sales Director) at the XpertSea stand
On the Thursday evening, in what seemed may have been a

large cellar but now a revamped underground restaurant was the
venue for the Presidents reception dinner.
A combination of dimly lit brickwork rooms, a lively brass band
and delicious buffet style foods on offer made for an excellent
opportunity for catching up with old friends and meeting new
ones.
The rooms were bustling with attendees from the show, I personally had the privilege of meeting Professor Igo Guimares from
Brazil. Igo and his team are responsible providing the expert topic
article in this issue on the work they are doing on the Tambaqui
species based out of Universidade Federal de Gois.
Closing reflection
Mario Stael from MarEvent has done an excellent job organising AE2015, and this conclusion was shared with all of those
present and whom I spoke to.
All aspects of the event were well communicated to visitors
and there were ample opportunities for networking in and outside of opening hours.
My thoughts were supported when I found that EAS Executive
Director Alistair Lane had commented on the level of participation for AE2015.
After a remarkably successful AE2014 event in San Sebastian,
Spain that attracted close to 1450 participants, our expectations
for Rotterdam were somewhat less and in the region of 750.
Ive seen many people here that were in San Sebastian and
many others that have been present in all recent AE events. That
is very encouraging for EAS as it shows that we are seen as being
the forum that brings together scientists and other stakeholders
from all research disciplines to get a helicopter view of the latest
developments in the European sector, he said.
The next Aquaculture Europe event is set to be held from
September 20-23, 2016 in Scotland. With the title theme of
Food for Thought and support from Marine Scotland, part of
the Scottish Government and The Marin Alliance for Science and
Technology for Scotland, we at International AquaFeed magazine
look forward to seeing what new innovations it will bring with it.
Sponsorship
Alistair Lane, Executive Director

of the European Aquaculture
Society
Patrick Lavens
visiting the IAF
stand
Finally, it is important to recognise the support of sponsors

behind such events.
AE2015 received gold sponsorship from the high-performance
fish feed producing company, BioMar, a silver sponsorship from
DSM, a global science-based company that is active in health and
nutrition.
The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Province of
Zeeland also gave support, while Aquasoja and Sparos sponsored
sessions.
VAV
+31 71 4023701
www.vav.nl
Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed
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To include your company in the

International Aquafeed market place in
print, and a company page on our website
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contact Tom Blacker.
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+90 382 2662120
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The aquafeed
interview
In the last days of October the European fish farming industry met in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, to discuss nutritional developments.
International Aqufeed was keen to ask Alistair Lane, whether fish has now taken the mantel of the worlds most favourite protein
foodstuff?
Alistair Lane has been Executive Director of the European Aquaculture Society since 2000. Prior to that he had worked for EWOS in
Spain and France and has experience in encapsulated products for larval feeds.
The Society has 550 members from 50 countries with representation throughout the European Union, wider Europe and other
countries. The Society organises an annual event, Aquaculture Europe, which took place in Rotterdam from October 21-23, 2015. The
conference had 780 fully registered delegates who together with trade-show visitors and others drew close to 1000 to Rotterdam.
They represented 57 countries. There were 64 exhibitors. More than 350 oral presentations in 31 parallel session, 300 poster
presentations and five or six events in the form of industry panels.
With your background, which is quite fortuitous

to include EWOS, what do you feel the impact
will be for the aquaculture industry having such
a large organisation like Cargill acquire EWOS?
The worlds leading feed companies in aquaculture have always

been three fold: Skretting, BioMar and EWOS. These are not
the only aquaculture feed companies of course, but they have
been the biggest for some time. The competition is now on.
We see European companies looking to penetrate markets
outside the European Union and into markets such as Egypt for
example. And we have seen Marine Harvest decide to go its
own way where feed production is concerned. That, obviously,
has an impact of the to top three feed suppliers. However, a
big company such as Cargill coming into a company like EWOS
has obvious synergies for both sectors of our food production
industry and this naturally has global ramifications.
We heard from DG of Research and Innovation

in the European Union, John Bell that the EU
is offering greater co-ordinated assistance to
industry, more than before. Can you sort of put
that in perspective, or is it just political rhetoric?
Aquaculture has always been a crosscutting activity in terms

of EU involvement. It cuts across four or five Directorates
General and all impact aquaculture, MARE, Trade, SANCO,
Environment, Research and Innovation. So what the latter is
doing is to give impetus to aquaculture growth. I think that at
the European level, and certainly in the European Parliament,
the issues of food security and the protein gap we have been
living with is high on the agenda.
I think that aquaculture is being recognised by European
parliamentarians and institutions as being something that they
must take action on and prioritise. It hasnt been easy for the
Commission since it launched its strategy back in 2002 - to
actually see growth in the sector and we know many of the
reasons for this; one of those being a restriction on space.
Horizon 2020, the on-going framework for research programs
has seen an emphasis shift to those projects that can display
and demonstrate impact. Only proposals that demonstrate
meaningful impact from research will have a chance of having
their research funded. That is quite a big change. Research has
to underpin five strategies of the EU under its agenda of blue
growth: strategies on water; strategies on the environment;
strategies on resources and strategies on different sea areas.
The EU recognises that although they have some leverage
or some impact on the Member States, it is the Member
States themselves that need to push that back down and go
to regional and local government, because that is where the
decision-making is made. So however, pro aquaculture the
strategies at national government level are, it is the local bodies
who are issuing permits - if these two are not in line then we
go back to the same issues we had before.
We are told that Europe has allocated over 50

percent of its landmass to growing feed materials for
terrestrial animals. Do you think that aquaculture offers
Europeans an alternative; in terms of protein supply
that moves us away from land-based systems? Is that
a realistic alternative? Is it too far away to envision
what the impact of such a change might be?
I think I some ways that we are approaching a halfway stage on
this because we are moving from a period where we exclusively
used marine ingredients to feed fish - fishmeal and fish oil
effectively to using land-based ingredients.
Way back when I was working in fish feed, we were using raw
materials such as blood and bone meal, and they were very good
feed ingredients. After BSE that all changed, I think that we are
in a phase moving from fully relying on marine ingredients to
focusing on plant ingredients and in future a range of nutrient
providers, at least partially based on aquatic plants.
If this is to be a multi-sourced approach, part of the equation
will be responsibly produced fishmeal and fish oil and part of
the equation will be protein and oil coming from alternative
marine and/or terrestrial plants. Part of the solution will include
plants that are modified for higher yielding Omega-3 for
example, while part of the equation will be processed animal
proteins and GM feed ingredients - although in Europe those
two letters still signal no-no.
I see the inclusion of land-based plants as being an intermediary
stage before going to a full range of nutrients sources from
various alternative components. Feed will be a mix.
Do you think the change in feed proteins

used will see farmed fish production as a
preferred protein source by consumers?
It will certainly help. The use of land-based plant ingredients is

a little bit out of line with the concept of fish-and-water. As
aquaculture tries to position itself with regard to other food
items - beef, poultry, pork, etc it will also have to measure
itself in terms of its comparable environmental footprint.
If we have a large component of our aqua feeds coming from
land-based plants, then the impact or footprint of aquaculture
is going to be larger. Its no longer a case of fish-eat-fish all the
time. If we are measuring our performance against other meats,
light or dark meats, then our environmental footprint must be
compared as well. If we are using a lot more water, which is
strange to discuss really when talking about aquaculture, and a
lot of land space, then it could be argued that the same land
and water could be better used to produce crops for direct
human consumption.
I think that the sooner we can get back to feeding marine plants
to fish, and I dont mean seaweeds necessarily but micro-algae
which have the best potential of marine ingredients, then I think we
going in the right direction. I see this period of land-based protein
sources as an intermediary phase.
An extended version of this interview can

be found on the Aquaculturists blog.
AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY FACES
Aller Aqua A/S strengthens its management team

ller Aqua A/S has appointed Lars Rahbk as Group Vice President Global Sales & Marketing,
effective 15 November 2015.
Lars will strengthen and develop global commercial strategy, both in cooperation with the existing
management team, but also in close collaboration with Aller Aqua Groups global network of sales
and marketing employees. Lars will also be involved in product development.
Lars Rahbk has 25 years of experience in aquaculture; he spent many years as market manager and CEO
for fish feed company Biomar A/S, and subsequently as CEO for fish farms FREA A/S and Krhede Dambrug
ApS, as well as the aquaculture- and equipment business FREA Aquaculture Solutions ApS. Concurrently, Lars also held a number of
business-related honorary posts.
Lars Rahbk is 47 years old, married to Karen and together they have 4 children aged between 8 and 19. Recently he achieved a
Certificate in Business and Leadership (CBL) at Henley Management College.
Bill Herzig honoured with GAA Lifetime Achievement Award

he Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) is proud to announce that Bill Herzig is the recipient of this
years GAA Lifetime Achievement Award, presented during GAAs GOAL 2015 conference at the
Four Seasons Hotel in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on Thursday, October 29.
A champion of seafood sustainability, Mr Herzigs career in seafood spans more than four decades.
Along with GAA President George Chamberlain, Mr Herzig was instrumental in the formation of GAA in
1997. At the time, aquaculture, particularly shrimp farming, was under attack from environmental interests,
spreading misinformation on mangrove deforestation. As a result, stakeholders from 12 countries established
GAA as a non-profit organisation, based upon a shared vision that aquaculture is vital to feed the world, but that it must grow in a
coordinated and responsible fashion. That vision led to the creation of the Global Aquaculture Advocate magazine, the GOAL (Global
Outlook on Aquaculture Leadership) conference and the Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) third-party certification program.
This is the most satisfying thing that I have ever been involved in. We did it because it was the right thing to do, and so many have
joined the cause, said Mr Herzig. As a result, the aquaculture industry now has the fundamentals in place to achieve the vision laid
out three decades ago in the Blue Revolution.
Currently, Mr Herzig is president of Sustainable Strategies and Initiatives. In addition to GAA, he has been involved with the National
Fisheries Institute.
Biorigin announces new global sales manager for animal

nutrition
iorigin now has a new has a new global sales manager for the animal nutrition sector, Claudio Victor
Bollati. He has a degree in Veterinary Medicine from the Litoral National University, Argentina. He has
an MSc degree in Agribusiness from the Austral University in Argentina and an MBA from the Royal
Agricultural College, UK.
Mr Bollati has more than 10 years experience in the veterinary industry. He was hired by Biorigin for the
position of Global Animal Nutrition Sales Manager to strengthen the sales and the business strategy of the Feed
business. Mr Bollati will be based in Barcelona, Spain, and will report directly to the Global Feed Business Manager, Roberto Vituzzo.
Hiring [Mr] Bollati is part of our effort to expand our presence in the global animal nutrition market. His experience and knowledge
will be essential to concentrate our focus in regional sales, in addition of ensuring Biorigin Animal Nutrition strategic position as a supplier of added-value products, said Roberto Vituzzo.
IFFO welcomes new Technical Director

FFO, the trade association for the global marine ingredients industry, will see the retirement of Technical
Director Dr Andy Jackson at the end of 2015 after ten years of great contributions to the organisation. IFFO
will be joined in November by Dr Neil Auchterlonie taking over as Technical Director from 1st January
2016 after a two month handover period with Dr Jackson.
Dr Auchterlonie has BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in Marine Biology, Applied Fish Biology and Aquaculture,
and has spent time working in technical and production positions in aquaculture companies and government
department and research agencies. Neil has a strong track record in managing aquaculture and fisheries science
programmes in both public and private sector, specialising in commissioning, managing and reporting on science that addresses policy
questions for both government and industry.
Dr Auchterlonie said I am delighted to be offered this opportunity to join the team at IFFO. I have been aware of the excellent
work of both IFFO and Andy Jackson over the years, and I am very humbled to be offered this chance to contribute to the organisations
work at a crucially important and exciting time for the marine ingredients industry and the aquaculture sector.

International Aquafeed - November - December 2015 - FULL EDITION

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I N C O R P O R AT I N G

The Ginger Shrimp

3-10 INDUSTRY NEWS

The Ginger Shrimp - Metapenaeus

Nutraceutics for the control of

Extrusion, essential oils and fish

Putting it all together

Acidifier concepts in aquafeed

More than a mycotoxin binder

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

2015/16 INDUSTRY PROFILES

Professor Simon Davies

easons Greetings and Hwyl Fawr (Welsh for

Meet the Aquafeed team at

Meet the IAF team at booth 437

The role of lipids

t is with a heavy heart we say a farewell to our very

he whole team at International Aquafeed

We would like to wish you all a prosperous, happy

n aquaculture, some of us focus on the nutrition of fish and how

November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

2016 Alltech Young Scientist programme registration extended

First MSC certified whole lobster for

he 5 Christmas lobster has been a

make sure the lobsters are in the best possible

Cold, clean Canadian waters

Like many crustaceans (including the prawns

The MSC certified lobsters come from the

Alexandra Scholes, Fish and Seafood Buyer

Stewardship Council (MSC) products into our

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | November-December 2015

ursuing its expansion strategy on the

West Australia commits to

he Aquaculture Stewardship Council

Retailer Yata promotes

o mark its commitment to responsible

this new operation, which will enable us to

Sustainability in our seafood sector is a key

Third party seafood certification plays a

sibly farmed seafood in our stores. At Yata we

overfishing and environmental and social

November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

A regular look inside

Yara acquires Pilbara ammonia

Gilmore Fish smokehouse

Breizh Algae Tour 2015 Report

Storage stability of flavonoids confirmed by long-term study

he Dr Eckel health product line uses

Figure 1: Flavonoid content in hops according to

Excellent quality as a prerequisite

Flavonoids that come from inferior quality

Flavonoids are stable in phytogenic

Figure 2: Flavonoid content in green tea extract

As part of a comprehensive long-term study,

compared with the initial reading is due to the

6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | November-December 2015

November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

Australian supermarket Coles makes wave

oles have created a wave

providing Australians with certified sustainable seafood options,

Die and roll re-working machines

O&J Hjtryk A/S

respect. All they need to do is