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CHEMISTRY
• Chemical
reactions
form
bonds
by
gaining,
losing,
or
sharing
_________________.
The
atomic
number,
or
number
of
_____________,
always
stays
the
same.
For
example,
aluminum
always
remains
aluminum
with
its
_____
protons.
• NUCLEAR
reactions
involve
_____________
changes
in
atoms.
Atoms
that
are
radioactive
(unstable
ratio
of
protons
and
neutrons)
spontaneously
change
to
produce
an
atom
of
a
different
______________
(one
with
a
different
number
of
protons),
and
emitted
particle,
and
released
energy.
• There
are
three
types
of
nuclear
radiation:
Nuclear
Radiation
Can
be
stopped
by
Penetrating
power
What
is
it
Symbol
Energy
Alpha
particle
Blocked
by
weak
Low
paper
Beta
particle
electron
NUCLEAR
FISSION:
is
the
process
of
splitting
an
atom
into
two
nuclei
with
smaller
masses.
This
occurs
in
nuclear
power
plants
to
produce
massive
amounts
of
energy.
NUCLEAR
DECAY
• Nuclear
reactions
occur
because
the
nuclei
are
trying
to
become
more
stable.
An
uneven
number
of
_____________
and
______________
cause
an
unstable
nucleus.
• Any
element
larger
than
atomic
number
_____
(lead)
goes
through
nuclear
decay.
There
are
many
smaller
isotopes
like
carbon-‐14
that
go
through
nuclear
decay
as
well.
• Carbon
-‐14
is
used
for
dating
organic
materials
like
_____________.
The
half-‐life
of
carbon-‐14
is
5730
yrs.
Using
this
number
they
can
tell
how
long
ago
an
organism
lived.
• Uranium-‐238
is
another
common
isotope
that
radioactively
decays.
The
energy
released
from
the
decay
of
uranium-‐238
is
trapped
and
used
as
energy
in
_________
_________
________.
Uranium-‐238
has
a
half-‐life
of
4.46
billion
years!
Polonium-‐214
has
a
half-‐life
of
only
163.7
microsec.
Pg 814 Figure 25-11 Isotopic Notatio
Name – Mass #
Like Uranium-2
The Mass # is shown at
the bottom of the graph
Nuclear
Reactions:
Find
Uranium-238
in
the
top
right
corner.
It
decays
to
forms___________-‐
____
(what
element
in
isotopic
notation)
and
releases
a(n)
________
particle.
When
thorium-‐234
decays,
it
forms
___________-‐_____
and
releases
a
_________
particle.
When
Pa-‐234
decays
it
forms
__________
and
releases
a
__________
particle.
Why
does
the
mass
number
change
when
U-‐238
decays
to
form
Th-‐234?
Why
does
it
form
Th?
Why
does
the
mass
number
stay
the
same
when
Th-‐234
decays
into
Pa-‐
234?
Why
does
Th
form
Pa?
These
nuclear
reactions
can
be
represented
as
follows:
U
Th
+
He
an
alpha
particle
was
released
Th
Pa
+
e
a
beta
particle
was
released
In
nuclear
reactions,
just
like
chemical
reaction,
mass
is
CONSERVED.
However,
unlike
chemical
reactions,
new
elements
are
formed.