Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Acronyms
ix
Foreword
Acknowledgements
xii
xv
Chapter 1: Introduction
A. Background
B. Objective
11
A. Guiding Principles
12
12
C. Technical Analysis
14
15
15
F. Limitations
15
17
A. Background
18
20
23
D. Development Opportunities
24
27
28
31
33
34
B. Strategic Interventions
35
C. Priorities
35
D. Potential Impacts
35
39
40
B. Strategic Goals
46
56
Chapter 8: Infrastructure
59
60
B. Strategic Goals
64
69
71
72
B. Strategic Goals
79
91
93
94
B. Strategic Goals
100
C. Strategies
101
103
105
106
B. Strategies
108
109
111
112
114
115
2
D. Promoting Shariah Justice
126
128
128
129
131
A. General Principles
132
132
134
135
135
136
139
143
A. Objectives
144
B. Guiding Principles
145
Annexes
147
148
152
159
160
166
173
175
190
References
192
List of Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Table 13:
Table 14:
Table 15:
Table 16:
Table 17:
Table 18:
Table 19:
Table 20:
Table 21:
Table 22:
Table 23:
Table 24:
Table 25:
Table 26:
Table 27:
Table 28:
Table 29:
Table 30:
Table 31:
Table 32:
Table 33:
Table 34:
Table 35:
Table 36:
Table 37:
Table 38:
Table 39:
Table 40:
Table 41:
Table 42:
Table 43:
Table 44:
Table 45:
Table 46:
16
23
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
36
38
42
44
44
56
63
65
70
76
78
81
82
91
95
96
104
110
116
129
152
152
153
153
154
154
155
156
158
164
166
169
173
175
178
178
184
List of Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9:
Figure 10:
Figure 11:
Figure 12:
Figure 13:
Figure 14:
Figure 15:
Figure 16:
Figure 17:
Figure 18:
Figure 19:
Figure 20:
Figure 21:
Figure 22:
Figure 23:
Figure 24:
Figure 25:
Figure 26:
Figure 27:
Figure 28:
Figure 29:
Figure 30:
Figure 31:
Figure 32:
8
13
18
24
25
25
34
37
41
41
41
43
43
45
60
60
61
61
72
73
73
74
74
75
76
76
77
77
107
107
113
133
List of Maps
Map 1:
Map 2:
Map 3:
Map 4:
Map 5:
Map 6:
Map 7:
Map 8:
Map 9:
Map 10:
Map 11:
Map 12:
Map 13:
Map 14:
19
22
43
45
47
62
66
67
73
75
78
99
100
107
Acronyms
ADB
AFF
AFP
ARG
ARMM
ARMM-DAF
ICP
IDB
IDP
GAD
GAA
GDP
GPH
GRDP
GRP
JCCCH
JICA
JNC
LFS
LGU
MILF
MIM
MNLF
MOA-AD
MTF-RDP
NDHS
NPC
ODA
PAG
PAMANA
PDP
PSA
PNP
PPP
REZA
SDF
TISP
TJRC
TPMT
ix
Foreword
In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful
the BDP, the men and women of BDA rose with firm
migrant communities.
communities.
partners,
who
a new day.
and
counterparts
in
government
people as well.
xi
Acknowledgements
In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful
Plan.
Bangsamoro.
xii
development in Mindanao.
territories.
Our thanks also go to the Asian Development Bank
This work is designed as a plan by the Bangsamoro for the
xiii
agencies.
Bangsamoro.
xiv
principles:
Sustainabilityensuring
that
any
growth
or
communities.
xv
xvi
Introduction
CH A PT ER
Introduction
Introduction
A. Background
On the 27th of March 2014, the Moro Islamic Liberation
peace negotiations, the CAB paves the way for the just
Parties.
development
2016.
and
humanitarian
assistance
across
will
which
be
normalization
process
through
Introduction
B. Objective
process;
in
the
prospective
Bangsamoro
and
consultations.
The
Bangsamoro
Development
Indigenous
CH A PT ER
vision,
strategy,
and
recommendations
implemented.
Chapter
14
identifies
possible
implementation
NOTES
1 Through the Agreement, the MILF and the GPH commit to protect and enhance the right of the Bangsamoro people and other inhabitants in the
Bangsamoro to human dignity; reduce social, economic and political inequalities; correct historical injustices committed against the Bangsamoro;
and remove cultural inequities. Refer to the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, March 27, 2014.
2 The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, October 15, 2012.
3 Ibid.
4 The BDA was established pursuant to the Agreement on Peace Signed Between the GPH and the MILF on June 22, 2001, which is known as the
Tripoli Agreement of 2001, and the Implementing Guidelines of the Humanitarian, Rehabilitation, and Development Aspects of the GPH-MILF
Tripoli Agreement of 2001, which was signed on May 7, 2002.
5 This was a directive from the MILF Central Committee to the Bangsamoro Development Agency Chairman Dr. Saffrullah M. Dipatuan on March 22,
2013.
6 The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Section VII, 4C instructs the Bangsamoro Transition Commission to coordinate development
programs in Bangsamoro communities with BDA, BLMI, and others; Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Section XI stresses the
need to formulate the BDP; and the Annex on Normalization, Section G, item number 6 mentions that socioeconomic interventions shall be aligned
to the BDP.
7 Statement of Chairman Al Haj Murad Ebrahim at the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Malacaan Palace, Philippines
on March 27, 2014.
8 The orthodox manner of formulating development plans is anchored in the dynamics of the market, with sectoral concerns fleshed out based on a
functioning market system. Such conditions cannot be presumed for many communities just emerging from a long period of conflict.
CH A PT ER
th
century. By then,
having
investors.
of Sultanates.
th
th
10
suspicion
11
The
contemporary
armed
conflict
between
the
colonial rule.
(MNLF).
13
CH A PT ER
people.
ARMM.
(FAB).
and
Development
(3)
and
Aspect,
CH A PT ER
24
Another driver of
and
25
such as the
interventions
that
will
promote
stabilization
26
Bangsamoro.
social cohesion.
NOTES
9 See Rodil (2009), Houben (2003), and Abubakar (2005).
10 There were four sultanates, namely: the Sultanate of Sulu, which was based in Sulu but also ruled the neighboring islands and coastal areas of
what is now known as the Zamboanga Peninsula; the Sultanate of Maguindanao, which covered the south-central portion of Mindanao Islands;
the Four Principalities of Lanao, which ruled the eastern and central portion of Mindanao; and the Sultanate of Kabuntalan in Maguindanao. For
historical accounts of the rise and fall of the Sultanates in Mindanao, refer to Majul (1973 and 1985), Tan (1977, 1989 and 1993), Muslim (1994),
Tanggol (1993), and Rodil (2009).
11 In fact, the Spaniards used the term Moros to refer to the Islamized inhabitants of Mindanao to distinguish them from the Christian inhabitants
of Luzon and the Visayas.
12 Refer to the 1902 Philippine Bill, which effectively upheld Spanish cadastral laws; the 1902 Land Registration Act, which established the
requirement of a Torrens title as proof of land ownership; and the 1905 and 1918 Public Land Acts, which determined all unregistered and
untitled lands to be owned by the State, and that such public lands may be claimed and registered through the free patent system.
13 This is the Regalian doctrine, which was first introduced during the Spanish colonial period and became the basis for all land laws as established
in the 1935, 1973 and 1987 Philippine Constitutions. It stipulates that all lands of the public domain and other natural resources belong to the
King of Spain and later to the State as the natural successor.
14 See Majul (1973 and 1985), Tan (1977, 1989, and 1993), and Mastura (2004).
15 This involved the killing of at least 28 young Moro military trainees by their superiors to prevent a leak of the Philippine Governments intent of
fomenting unrest in Sabah, to which the Sulu Sultanate has a claim.
16 An Addendum on Bangsamoro Waters complements the Annex on Power Sharing.
17 See World Food Programme and World Bank (2010).
18 Using an exchange rate then of PhP 54.5 to USD 1, this will amount to PhP 108 to PhP 158 billion for the entire period or around PhP 5.07.5
billion per year. See Barandiaran (2002).
19 See Schiavo-Campo and Judd (2005). This is further supported by the United Nations Development Programme (2005).
20 Average exchange rate calculated using data from World Bank World Development Indicators (19752002).
21 See World Bank et.al (2005). The 5-volume report is divided into sectoral concerns, namely: human development, rural development, finance and
private sector development, local governance and institutions, and an integrative report which serves as the fifth volume. Each sectoral report
rendered a discussion of the current situation in their sector, identified the problems, formulated recommendations to address these problems,
and identified the menu of activities that need to be undertaken and their funding requirements. The recommended activities were divided into
three implementation periods: immediate term (start at year 1 but implementation can go beyond year 1); short term (start in year 2 but
implementation can go beyond 1 or 2 years); and medium term (start in year 4 and 5 but implementation can go beyond 2 or 3 years). To obtain
the data for the needs assessment, the study employed key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and analysis of secondary data.
More than 3,000 individuals and representatives of institutions served as respondents of the study coming from 19 municipalities in 7 provinces
considered as Conflict-Affected Areas (CAAs).
22 See the GPH-CCCH Update Report (2012).
23 State-minority contestation is also known as vertical conflict in conflict literature; inter-elite and inter-communal contestations are classified as
horizontal conflict.
24 See Adriano and Parks (2013) for additional information on the typology of conflict in the Bangsamoro.
25 Lara and Schoofs (2013).
26 Ibid.
10
CH A PT ER
11
A. Guiding Principles
The BDP is anchored in the Bangsamoro Development
complemented
Bangsamoro.
12
by
Community
Visioning
Exercises
peacebuilding
framework
will
deliver
an
CH A PT ER
self-determination.
3. PietyGod-consciousness
consists
in
practical
13
C. Technical Analysis
The analysis and recommendations in this Plan are derived
from separate studies conducted on specific thematic areas30
by consultants and Bangsamoro experts recommended by the
BDA. In writing their reports, thematic teams closely consulted
with relevant national and regional government agencies. After
an initial review of the literature and data to assess the current
situation and identify problems and gaps, the initial findings
were validated through focus group discussions (FGDs) and
key informant interviews (KIIs) in selected Bangsamoro sites.31
In line with the transition to the Bangsamoro Government,
the recommendations are divided into two clusters: (1) a
14
CH A PT ER
representatives,
society
officers
of
the
BTC,
civil
F. Limitations
15
Components
Development
Partners
Government Counterparts
(NGA & ARG)
a. Economy and
Livelihood
b. Infrastructure
JICA, ADB, WB
c. Social
DFAT Australia,
UNFPA, UNICEF
d. Environment and
Natural Resources
JICA, UNDP
DENR
MTF
g. Security
TAF
h. Cross-Cutting
Concerns
IOM, UN-WFP,
UN-Women
Source: BDP-CPT
NOTES
27 These include the Aquino administrations Social Contract with the Filipino People; the Philippine Development Plan 20112016 Midterm Update;
Mindanao Strategic and Development Framework 20102020; Mindanao 2020: Peace and Development Framework Plan 20112030; and the ARMM
Regional Development Plan (20102016) Midterm Update.
28 The Bangsamoro Development Framework is based on the doctoral dissertation of Ayesah Abubakar, Building Peace in Conflict Affected
Communities through the Sustainable Human Development (SHD) Framework: A Case Study of Mindanao.
29 This is akin to the Christian concept of stewardship.
30 Refer to Annex B for the full listing of different thematic areas addressed by consultants, Bangsamoro focal persons, and supporting donor
partners and national and regional government agencies.
31 Feedback from BDA, government agencies, international partners, civil society, and other stakeholders was incorporated into consultant outlines
prior to field validation.
32 Community Visioning Exercises were conducted in the following areas: (a) Central Mindanao, (b) Davao, (c) Southern Mindanao, (d) Zamboanga
Peninsula, (e) Basilan, (f) Lanao del Norte, (g) Lanao del Sur, (h) Sulu, and (i) Tawi-Tawi.
16
CH A PT ER
17
A. Background
The Bangsamoro is located in the south of the Philippines
18
Source: BDP-CPT
CH A PT ER
In
34
an
environment
characterized
by
inadequate
Source: Using data from the CAB and the proposed BBL (2014)
19
B.2. Employment
It would seem paradoxical that despite limited economic
opportunities in the Bangsamoro, unemployment at
Bangsamoro
full
have
severely
undermined
the
same period.
employed.
While
positive
economic
performance
does
not
20
CH A PT ER
B.3. Education
Due in part to poor prospective economic opportunities,
but also as a result of very low investment in schools
and teachers, school participation in the ARMM is much
lower than in the rest of the country. The net enrollment
rate in SY 2012 and 2013 in the ARMM was 72.5% in
primary and 26.1% in secondary education, compared
with the national averages of 95.2% and 64.6%,
respectively. Despite these low enrollment rates, school
overcrowding is very high, with a teacher-to-student
ratio of 1:52 and 1:54, respectively, and a classroom-tostudent ratio of 1:62 and 1:82, respectively, at primary
and secondary levels.
As a result, cohort survival between 2002 and 2010
averaged only 39% in primary and 64% in secondary
school, while the rest of Mindanao performed better than
the national averages, registering cohort survival rates of
77% and 73% in primary and secondary, respectively.
If this trend persists, the labor pool in the region will
consist mostly of unskilled workers. Median schooling of
only four years and simple and functional literacy rates in
the ARMM of 81% and 72% are the lowest in country,
compared with 96% and 86% nationwide.
B.4. Health, Sanitation, and Nutrition
A similar lack of investment in health and sanitation
has exposed the population, especially children, to
significant health risks. Only 37% of the population
have access to an improved water source such as a
community water system or piped deep well, while a
full third rely on natural sources such as springs, rivers,
or lakes, and a quarter have access to a simple dug
well. Only 22% of households have access to sanitary
toilet facilities or water-sealed toilets, compared with a
national average of more than 80%. Exposure to waterborne diseases in ARMM is very high as a result.
21
particularly
decreased
stunting
and
wasting,
are
limited
livelihood
opportunities,
social
22
inadequate
CH A PT ER
averages by 2022.
While the CAB is a significant step in addressing the
It may take more than a generation (30 to 40 years)
ARMM
Mindanao
Philippines
29,608
14,565
79,902
46,050
117,603
68,897
21.4%
(in constant prices)
55.8
39.1
25.2
- 74,167 people
Net Enrollment
(%, SY 201213)
- primary
- secondary
72.5
26.1
95.2
64.6
+ 33,098 students
+ 22,051 students
Access to electricity
(% HH, 2012)
58.1
81.2
88.8
+ 24,873 households
36.6
73.3
79.9
+ 35,081 households
22.5
83.6
87.2
+ 52,420 households
6.6
59.7
76.6
+ 8 municipalities
43
(12.3 / million
population)
3
(0.13 / million
population)
86
(0.91 / million
population)
- 5 groups
Source: PSA-FIES
Source: PSA-FIES
Source: PSA-FIES
Source: DILG
23
In
the
current
environment
of
insecurity
and
determined.
D. Development Opportunities
Source: PSA
24
CH A PT ER
national
government
agencies
to
conflict-affected
25
NOTES
33 Balisacan and Pernia (2001) noted that the geographical isolation of a particular area can cause poverty because of the difficulty of linking it to the
market due to the exorbitant cost of providing linking infrastructure.
34 Rodrik (1999).
35 On this, refer to the example cited in de Dios and Dinglasan (2014).
36 Philippine Statistics Authority-Labor Force Survey (July 2013).
37 World Bank (2014).
38 Data based on the National Demographic and Health Survey (2013).
39 Data based on the Food and Nutrition Research Institute National Nutrition Survey (2013).
40 Normalization, as defined in the CAB, is the process through which communities affected by the decades-long armed conflict in Mindanao can
return to a peaceful life and pursue sustainable livelihoods free from fear of violence and crime. It has three components: (a) security arrangements,
including decommissioning of the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF), redeployment of AFP units, policing reforms, and disbanding of
private armed groups; (b) socioeconomic development; and (c) transitional justice.
41 ARMM Regional Development Plan Midterm Update 20132016.
42 PAMANA stands for Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (Peaceful and Resilient Communities), a special development program launched in 2011 by
the Central Government to assist conflict-affected communities nationwide. Coordinated by OPAPP, PAMANA is implemented by 12 agencies as of
2014. These include DILG, DA, DSWD, DAR, DENR, CHED, PhilHealth, NEA, NCIP, DPWH, DND-AFP, and the ARMM Regional Government.
43 Towards a Transparent and Accountable Formula for the Bangsamoro Block Grant (2014).
26
CH A PT ER
27
44
also partly guide the structure and the content of this Plan:
28
CH A PT ER
Priority Programs
Poverty
Prosperity
Sustainable development
Priority Programs
Construction, rehabilitation, and
staffing of health centers
Lack of housing
Poor sanitation
Waste management
Drugs/gambling
29
to
self-determination,
environmental
over which
restoration,
Table 5: Environment and Natural Resource-Related Concerns, Aspirations, and Priority Programs
Sources of Dissatisfaction
Priority Programs
Environmental degradation
Reforestation/Forestland management
and protection
Illegal logging/mining
Conflict-sensitive assessment of
mineral potential in Bangsamoro
Land conflict
Pollution
30
Priority Programs
Construction of culture-specific
facilities (prayer rooms, traditional
birthing facilities, cemeteries)
CH A PT ER
A.5. Governance
Transitioning from the ARG structure to the Bangsamoro
the
governance
issues
identified
in
the
CVEs
Priority Programs
Corruption/lack of transparency
Good governance
Values Transformation
Participatory/representative
government
Nepotism/political dynasty/electoral
fraud
Progressive/fair community
Electoral reform
Injustice/weak judiciary
Implementation of laws
Discrimination/tribalism
Limited Shariah
Implementation of Shariah
A.6. Security
As a socioeconomic development plan, it is difficult for
prosperity.
Priority Programs
Armed conflict/militarization
Rido
Private armies
proposed
territory
and
population.
However,
the
31
consultations.
the
Through
partnership
with
studies47 in Table 9.
In drafting the BDP, the BDA coordinated with MCSOPP
to draw on data gathered in the consultations. While the
Priority 2
Priority 3
JNA (2005)
Livelihood/income above
subsistence
Money
Jobs
Food
Money
Basic needs
Food
NOTES
44 See note 32 in Chapter 3, page 16 for the complete listing of the Community Visioning Exercises in selected Bangsamoro areas.
45 Refer to Annex D (Clamor from the Ground) for a full description of the CVE methodology and results.
46 The list in the matrix table is not meant to have correspondence from sources of dissatisfaction, vision, and aspirations to that of the priority
programs. The table merely enumerates the responses of communities consulted.
47 These are the World Food Programme and World Bank (2010), Japan International Cooperation Agency (2009), and World Bank (2003 and 2005).
32
CH A PT ER
33
Source: BDP-CPT
34
CH A PT ER
B. Strategic Interventions
C. Priorities
violence.
institutionsthose
with
technical
capacity
and
CAB.
to
Areas
Vulnerable
to
Conflict
and
resilient
community.
In
particular,
early
D. Potential Impacts
The reduction of violence in ARMM in recent years,
combined
with
regional
governance
reforms
and
35
Table 10: Sequencing of Recommended Projects/Activities for Phases I and II of the Transition Period
Theme
36
Phase I
Phase II
Infrastructure
Social Services
Theme
Governance, Justice, and
Security
CH A PT ER
Phase I
Phase II
growth.
8.7%.
growth.
out
of
projects
proceeds
smoothly,
37
ARMM
(baseline)
Transition
(end 2016)
Medium Term
(end 2022)
95.2%
(2012 and 2013)
70.4%
(2013 and 2014)
75 to 80%
80 to 85%
64.6%
(2012-2013)
26.1%
(2012-2013)
35 to 40%
55 to 60%
17%
(2012)
23%
(2012)
18 to 20%
15 to 17%
83.4% (2010)
54%
(2010)
56 to 58%
72 to 74%
79.9% (2012)
36.6%
(2012)
50 to 60%
60 to 70%
87.2% (2012)
22.5%
(2012)
30 to 40%
50 to 60%
69%
(2013)
29%
(2013)
40 to 45%
60 to 70%
63.0% (2013)
44.2%
(2013)
50 to 55%
60 to 70%
88.8%
(2012)
58.1%
(FIES 2012)
60 to 65%
70 to 75%
Source: NEDA and BDP-CPT estimate, using data from DepEd-ARMM (EBEIS) and PSA-LFS (2013), CPH (2010), and NDHS (2013)
38
CH A PT ER
39
remoteness,
of
has
resulted
in
vicious
cycle
improving
economic
recent
improvements,
economic
output,
40
CH A PT ER
Note: Statistical series break beginning 2009 and also at 1985 prices
(1996 to 2009 series) and 2000 prices (2009 to 2012 series).
Source: PSA-Regional Income Accounts
Source: DA-BAS
can offer.
41
17,232.1
Corn
7,033.0 15,492.6
87.7
2,224.0
9,034.5
31.2
24,321.6
427.2
67.1
Region IX
608.2
203.6
1,686.2
1.0
35.9
250.4
0.2
0.3
186.1
0.5
Region X
627.4
1,194.8
1,784.0
5.6
545.7
1,720.7
0.4
3,740.4
10.7
2.0
Region XI
422.4
204.8
2,564.8
18.6
14.9
3,652.3
0.9
420.8
14.1
8.9
Region XII
1,262.0
1,185.5
942.5
28.0
53.9
1,119.9
0.5
741.1
162.9
0.9
Region XIII
469.0
91.8
892.4
1.9
25.6
210.4
0.1
0.0
14.1
6.0
ARMM
588.8
771.1
1,290.6
10.7
1,017.6
428.3
2.7
72.5
39.2
4.9
% share of ARMM in
Philippines
3.42%
10.96%
8.33%
12.2%
45.76%
4.74%
8.7%
0.3%
9.2%
7.3%
Source: DA-BAS
development
of
an
industrial
42
agreements.
ARMMs
deceptively
low
unemployment
and
CH A PT ER
Map 3: Number of Establishments by Municipality (2012) and Municipalities Served by Banks (2013)
family-owned businesses.
Figure 12: Total Bank Deposits in ARMM (as of end Dec 2013)
Figure 13: Total Bank Loans in ARMM (as of end Dec 2013)
Source: BSP
43
Maguindanao
Cotabato City
Tawi-Tawi
Basilan
No access
1%
4%
32%
19%
Relatives/friends
97%
84%
81%
48%
79%
1%
1%
13%
23%
1%
9%
1%
1%
15%
2%
1%
Stores
5%
14%
12%
Others
2%
2%
2%
11%
2%
Charities/NGOs
Local lenders/pawnshops
Banks
Cooperatives
Local Government Units
(LGUs)
51%, respectively.
ARMM
Rest of Mindanao
Philippines
ARMM
Rest of Mindanao
Philippines
15 to 24
(UN definition)
8.6
10.6
16.2
35.1
49.0
46.1
18 to 30
(Official definition)
7.0
9.8
13.7
50.6
64.3
64.3
15 to 40
(Bangsamoro definition)
4.9
6.9
9.8
51.2
62.8
61.6
44
Unemployment Rate
CH A PT ER
across generations.
Note: NHTS data counts households where a family member has been displaced in the last 12 months prior to the survey.
Source: DSWD-NHTS (2009)
45
B. Strategic Goals
of
Bangsamoro
Government
and
development
Bangsamoro.
Bangsamoro youth.
would
provide
employment
opportunities
46
the
CH A PT ER
Map 5: Agro-Edaphic Maps of the Bangsamoro and Adjacent Areas (as of 2012)
Source: Manila Observatory (2012) and the Philippine Human Development Report 2012/2013
a. Harness
the
potential
of
small
farmers,
private
enhancement
of
sector-led
growth
agricultural
through
value-chains,
a. Increase
the
productivity
of
small
farmers,
cultivating
crops
with
higher
value-added,
47
61
value-added.
suitable incentives.
of
the
public;
(b)
adopting
sustainable
B.2.1.2. Private Sector-Led Growth: Developing ValueChain and Commercial Production of Crops
out-of-school youth.
To
provide
longer-term
employment
opportunities
48
CH A PT ER
of
viability.
better
technologies
for
improved
and
efficient
engagement to clarify.
the Bangsamoro
63
and
on
halal
of
policies
and
accreditation
and
regulatory
industry provides
laws
strengthening
49
b. Designing
and
implementing an incentives
enterprises;
Aside
from
attention
given
to
productive
activities,
underdeveloped communities.
and
implementing
sustained
food.
endeavor
50
integrated
area
development
CH A PT ER
the low
labor-force
participation
and
the
is
generally
regarded
as
having
before
yielding
any
and
social
displacement
by
large-scale
of
geological
resource development.
The
BDP
supports
the
development
the
institutional
and
capacity
development
under the BBL to pass measures that will facilitate the entry
51
regarding
security
and
governance
to
encourage
investments.
and food,
sector.
To
realize
the
potential
of
tourism
for
significant
mix of products.
value;
Various
options
are
available
to
the
Bangsamoro
52
CH A PT ER
Bangsamoro
the region.
and
the
difficulties
associated
with
ASEAN expertise.
64
Brunei.
A
communications
strategy,
based
on
careful
need to be emphasized.
Philippines.
65
53
member countries.
cooperation.
academic establishments.
However,
BIMP-EAGA
presents
an
important
institutions
and
location.
to
lay
the
necessary
legislative
67
gained
traction
immediately
after
its
spearheading
economic
cooperation
and
54
the
CH A PT ER
term.
Among labor rules in the formal sector that stand
Hence, the labor market policies that the Bangsamoro
intensive
in
investments
and
sustained
investments
55
Priority Programs
Bangsamoro Sustainable Agriculture
Program
Balik-Bangsamoro Program
56
Components
CH A PT ER
NOTES
48 The population of ARMM was estimated at 3.3 million as of August 2010 (Philippine Statistics Authority and UN World Food Programme).
49 The National Statistical Coordination Board (now under the PSA) adopted a new methodology that updates the computation of the gross regional
income accounts beginning 2009. Hence, caution should be exercised in comparing the levels and growth rates of the GRDP time series before
and after 2009.
50 See Lara and Schoofs (2013) and International Alert (2014).
51 Dy and Adriano (2013).
52 Japan International Cooperation Agency (2010).
53 The World Bank (2011) and Lara and Schoofs (2013).
54 The World Bank (2014).
55 Refer to Annex E (Poorest Provinces and Municipalities in the Philippines) for the list of the poorest provinces and municipalities in the
country.
56 World Food Programme and World Bank (2011).
57 World Food Programme (2013).
58 Proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law, Article XIII, Section 23.
59 Ibid., Section 24.
60 The concept of food security has four dimensions: (a) food availability, the physical presence of food in sufficient amounts;( b) food access, the
ability to acquire food, whether by producing or purchasing food; (c) food utilization, the nutritional value of food as well as the ability of the body
to make use of the nutrients in food; and (d) stability, the ability to maintain food availability, access, and utilization at all times, especially during
emergency and post-emergency situations, in cases of local or global price increases, and other shocks and stresses. Refer to UN-WFP (2014). The
first relates to the agricultural productivity objective; the second on the efficient distribution of food (supply chain or logistics); the third requires
informing and educating the public on maintaining proper nutrition; and the fourth pertains to maintaining buffer stock to meet the emergency
requirements of the public in times of emergency or sudden supply shortfall of strategic food commodities. Attaining food security therefore
requires planning for each of these dimensions.
61 Attaining food security is the first order goal of increasing farm productivity and income given the urgent need to immediately improve the welfare
of the poor Bangsamoro.
62 Refer to Dy (2004 and 2005) and Wallace (2003).
63 The rise in the agricultural development ladder can be accelerated if the Bangsamoro Government promotes the development of agricultural
products wherein it has revealed comparative advantage. See Yifun Lin (2012). Aldaba (2014) further expounded on this by identifying the
following crops/products wherein Mindanao (including the Bangsamoro area) has revealed comparative advantage. These were fixed vegetable
fats, oil and others; tobacco, unmanufactured; vegetable fibers; tropical agriculture such as fruits and nuts, fruits preserved and prepared, etc.;
fish prepared and preserved; wood manufactures; raw materials such minerals and non-mineral resources; and labor-intensive industries such as
garments manufacturing. Also refer to Adriano (2014).
64 Certificates of ownership in a pool of underlying assets in which the certificates are of equal value.
65 The Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) has taken steps toward Islamic finance. It has announced 61 of its listed companies as Shariah compliant
stocks. The ultimate goal is to develop a market index of these Shariah compliant issuers, which the PSE hopes to launch in 2015.
66 Donors could be encouraged to expand their programs involving financial support to small farmers based on Islamic principles. These could be
channeled through rural banks wishing to move away from conventional banking towards Islamic financing, cooperatives, and accredited NGOs.
Associated with the financial support could be appropriate technical support, so enhancing the capacity of these organizations to sustain their
programs over the longer term without the support of donors.
67 Brunei Darrusalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area.
68 de Dios and Dinglasan (2014).
69 The World Bank (2011).
70 DSWD also offers job matching services for the poor.
71 Sicat (2010).
57
58
Infrastructure
CH A PT ER
Infrastructure
59
Infrastructure
growth
social
and
development
and
encouraging
However, chronic insecuritycombined with rentseeking by local officials, local political clans, and private
armed groupshas driven up the costs of infrastructure
development and deterred contractors who fear for
their lives and safety. As a result, despite substantial
capital investment from the Central Government, the
Bangsamoro suffers from a significant infrastructure
deficit.
infrastructure
will
be
crucial
for
the
60
Note: Bangsamoro figures do not include data from six municipalities in Lanao del
Norte and 39 barangays in North Cotabato due to difficulty of data attribution.
Source: BDP-CPT estimate and JICA-Philkoei International, Inc. (using DPWH, DPWHARMM data)
Infrastructure
CH A PT ER
Source: JICA-Philkoei International, Inc. (using DAR-ARMM and the World Banks
2005 Joint Needs Assessment of Conflict Areas in Mindanao report)
Source: DA-BAS
A.2. Irrigation
Irrigation, which allows several harvests per season, is vital
61
de Sulu, and Wao) serve the BCT (see Map 6). The
Bangsamoro.
62
CH A PT ER
Infrastructure
loads.
while raising collection fees. In Basilan, Sulu, and TawiTawi, the top priority involves availability and reliability
(MRB)such as the Rio Grande de Mindanao, AmbalSimuay River, Kabulnan River, and Libungan-Alamada
Municipalities/
Cities
Coverage
Energized
100
Barangays
Energized
completed
186
186
100
100
66
66
100
16
100
330
330
14
100
269
100
41
Total
Potential
Connections
Unenergized Potential
Energized
completed
47,000
12,137
26
13,000
3,604
28
100
85,000
24,218
28
269
100
75,000
38,818
52
17
17
100
5,000
1,895
38
100
1,175
1,175
100
138,000
56,357
41
30
100
404
398
99
116,000
26,303
23
114
100
2,447
2,441
99
479,000
163,332
34
63
B. Strategic Goals
including
storm
surges,
heavy
siltation/landslides,
disposal.
A.6. Telecommunications
Mobile phones in the Philippines numbered just over
64
telecommunications
the
infrastructure
will
include
Infrastructure
CH A PT ER
Project Types
Investments for the six priority camps and other requirements targeted for
normalization
out.
the area.
B.2. Irrigation
65
66
The
Government,
Bangsamoro
as
leadership
the
will
need
Bangsamoro
76
to
identify
Government
has
Infrastructure
CH A PT ER
Map 8: Barangay Access to Electricity and Electrification Projects in the Bangsamoro (20142015)
0 - 20.00
to the BTA.
For the short term, the strategy includes raising the quality
ECs.
67
68
Infrastructure
CH A PT ER
tolerated.
B.5. Flooding
deterioration
of
services.
There
are
possibilities,
69
Priority Programs
Strengthening the Bangsamoro
Infrastructure and Logistics System
Energy
Enhance capacity of
Bangsamoro communities
to adapt to climate change
and undertake DRRM for
social justice and to mitigate
displacement
CCA/DRRM-Responsive Infrastructure
Components
Roads and bridges (FMRs), airport and seaport upgrading
for the islands
Developing a transport and logistics masterplan
(including a dedicated plan for FMRs) for the Bangsamoro
that identifies and prioritizes road network development of
FMRs, municipal, provincial and national roads
Tapping the river network of the BCT as alternative and
low-cost mode of transport
Improving drainage system
Study feasibility of reopening Balo-i and Malabang
airports and developing an international airport for the
Bangsamoro
Establishment of quick roads/bridges repair and
maintenance system in BCT
Energy and household electrification investments (grid
and off-grid)
Identifying mechanisms on the use of Lake Lanao waters
for power generation
Establishing mini-hydro electric power plants
Revisiting and reviewing the Mini-Hydro Power Generation
Study
Inventory and assessment of Renewable Energy sources,
including feasibility and engineering studies
Renewable Energy Development Plans for BCT provinces
Showcasing stand-alone household and community
renewable energy applications
Strengthening Bangsamoro Electric Cooperatives through
better partnerships with private investors and institutional
development programs
Ambal-Simuay River Flood Control
Slope protection
Creating and maintaining partnerships with local
communities for watershed protection and rehabilitation
programs
NOTES
72 This chapter deals only with economic physical infrastructure. Infrastructure relating to social services (schools, hospitals, water and sanitation,
etc.) is discussed in Chapter 9.
73 In the absence of FMRs, traders who have access to transportation can more easily monopolize trade in the area. This allows them to dictate the
farmgate prices paid to the farmers, particularly for perishable goods.
74 Electricity demand in terms of connected megawatts (MW) and energy consumption in kilowatt/hours (kWh).
75 Philippine Statistics Authority-Census on Population and Housing (2010).
76 This is one of the powers exclusive to the Bangsamoro Government as provided in the Annex on Power Sharing of the FAB.
77 Philippine Information Agency, PhP 2.5 B investments poured in ARMM in 1st semester of 2014.
78 Benito (2014).
79 Unifrutti, an agribusiness investor, is contemplating a major investment in banana plantations. It will need reliable power for the companys deep
bore well irrigation systems and packing sheds; the load of close to 10 MW will double MAGELCOs current peak load and give it a no-loss, fullpaying customer. Technical losses on the MAGELCO system will be cut in half, the collection rate will double, and revenues will more than double.
By far the cheapest solution for Unifrutti will involve 69 kV sub-transmission lines and associated substations that will be owned and operated
by MAGELCO; these facilities will support an expansion of MAGELCO services to other users as well, such as the existing households and market
areas and new ones that will come as Unifrutti makes its investments. However, MAGELCO is not creditworthy; the key to it being able to play its
role reliably is to do so in partnership with Unifrutti, lenders, government agencies, and donors. An emerging concept would enable MAGELCO to
borrow to construct the power infrastructure, with revenue for electricity services to Unifrutti sequestered so that lenders are assured of payment.
70
Social Services
CH A PT ER
Social Services
71
Social Services
five
repeated
cycles
unfavorable
neighborhood effects,
of
81
violence
and
A.1. Education
72
Social Services
CH A PT ER
Map 9: Barangay Access to Primary Education Facilities and Distribution of Population by Barangay (612 Years Old) (2010)
73
noncommunicable
from school.
diseases,
as
elsewhere
in
the
A.2. Health
births.
83
Note:
84
23).
For 2008 and 2013 figures, data on basic vaccines include BCG, measles and three doses each of DPT and polio,
and hepatitis B, while for 1998 and 2003 figures, basic vaccines exclude hepatitis B.
Source: PSA-NDHS (1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013)
74
Social Services
CH A PT ER
Map 10: Barangay Access to Health Centers and Distribution of Population by Barangay (2010)
75
A.3. Nutrition
Despite some improvement between 2011 and 2013,
the ARMM ranked 7th, 2nd, and 5th highest among
regions in the Philippines in prevalence of underweight,
stunting, and wasting, respectively, among children
below five years old (see Table 19). Given the adverse
consequences of a high malnutrition rate among children
on the quality of human capital in the future, the
Bangsamoro Government will need to devote special
attention and considerable resources to this concern
during the short and the medium term.
Table 19: Prevalence of Undernutrition Among Children (05 Years Old) in ARMM (20082013)
Year
Area
% Underweight
% Stunting
% Wasting
2008
Philippines
20.7
32.4
6.9
ARMM
24.4
39.7
10.3
Philippines
20.2
33.6
7.3
ARMM
26.2
43.5
10.0
Philippines
19.9
30.3
7.9
ARMM
21.9
39.0
8.5
2011
2013
76
Social Services
CH A PT ER
A.5. Housing
Shelter is a basic right of every person. The 827,032
units in 2014.
materials.87
77
Map 11: Barangay Access to Waterworks System and Distribution of Household Population by Barangay (2010)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
21,230
21,910
22,326
22,750
23,182
23,622
24,071
24,528
186
188
192
196
200
204
208
212
Dilapidated/ Condemned
2,835
2,871
2.926
2,983
3,041
3,100
3,160
3,221
Doubled up Households
37,545
38,024
38,760
39,510
40,274
41,053
41,847
42,656
9,181
9,356
9,534
9,715
9,899
10,087
10,279
71,174
73,560
74,973
76,412
77,878
79,373
80,896
1. Accumulated Need
Rent-free w/o consent of
owners + informal settler
Homeless
78
Social Services
CH A PT ER
affected communities.
highest
in
B. Strategic Goals
Providing access to basic services to the Bangsamoro
people entails both a targeted strategy in the short term
and a spatially- and socially-blind strategy over the
79
graduation.
Education
Assistance
in Mindanao),
80
Social Services
CH A PT ER
education system.
development.92
targeted
interventions
should
be
pursued
Islands
67%
75%
97%
93%
36%
51%
Sickness (58%)
Sickness (74%)
School is too far (19%)
School is too far (57%)
Children do not want to go (15%) Cannot afford school (39%)
81
Table 22: Distribution of Elementary Schools by Type (SY 2013 and 2014)
Total No. of
Schools
Incomplete
Schools
Multi-Grade
Schools
Multi-Shift
Schools*
ARMM
2,210
32.9%
22.4%
2.1%
Mindanao (excluding
ARMM)
9,169
6.2%
36.3%
1.5%
38,689
8.4%
31.7%
3.3%
Philippines
learners.
teacher
recognition,
distribution
of
deployment
shall
be
matched
with
salary-based
82
Social Services
CH A PT ER
and
community
health
development,
and
social-welfare
agricultural
services,
extension
and
with
State
three
satellite
campusesMindanao
83
enroll and to ensure that they gain the knowledge and skills
social
the medium to the long term. The BDP can build on the
accountability
through
citizen
engagement
in
the
proficiency.
B.2. Health
the Bangsamoro.
health indicators.
strengthening
to
create
an
enabling
84
Social Services
CH A PT ER
average.
beneficiary
awareness
campaign.
necessary.
of
health
services,
avail
constituents
Implementation
to
address
bottlenecks,
as are non-
85
including
modules
on
good
governance,
transition years.
B.3. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH)
B.3.1. Adopting a Governance-Oriented Approach to
WaSH
Water resources in the Bangsamoro areas are limited
and at risk, and have to be managed for the good of
everyone.
Water
supply,
sanitation
provision,
and
and
enhanced
accountability,
86
Social Services
CH A PT ER
system.
technology,
plumbing,
overnight,
those
these
related
are
to
domestic
standards
to
which
WaSH
in
wasteful
consumption
and
pollution-causing
87
packages.
(Ruggie
standards.
Respect,
and
Remedy
Framework
coherence.
100
purity/cleanliness
and
worship
and
thus
88
Particular
focus
will
need
to
be
devoted
to
Social Services
CH A PT ER
process.
issues
and
concerns
affecting
the
This
unwelcome
condition
that
proliferate
in
the
following:
is not provided.
89
In
building
sustainable
communities
B.5. Gender
the
Bangsamoro
Government
becomes
more
90
gender or disability.
As
Social Services
CH A PT ER
Priority Programs
Components
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) Scaled-up access to water and sanitation facilities through
adoption of graduated and integrated approaches to
WaSH development
Health
Education
Protective Services
91
NOTES
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
92
CH A PT ER
10
10
Environment and
Natural Resources
93
10
Environment and
Natural Resources
natural resources that are available for its use and for the
The
102
103
94
CH A PT ER
10
which was also considered true for the BCT. The national
104
waste disposal.
Land Area
Total Forestland
Basilan
132,723
Forest Cover
2003
2010
Ha
47,149
16,505
21,320
4,815
29.2
387,289
254,154
174,745
150,151
(24,594)
(14.1)
Maguindanao
504,760
198,138
16,354
52,351
35,997
220.1
Sulu
160,040
112,353
24,701
30,839
6,138
24.8
Tawi-Tawi
108,740
53,357
18,041
47,233
29,192
161.8
665,151
250,346
301,894
51,548
20.6
ARMM Total
1,293,552
95
Legal Basis
Location
Major Use
Lake Lanao
18,460
Hydroelectric power,
domestic water source for
Lanao del Sur and adjacent
towns
Kabulnan
Proclamation No. 06
(1992)
4,726
South Upi
Proclamation No. 65
(1987)
Municipality of Upi,
Maguindanao
1,894
Dimapatoy
Proclamation No. 18
(2001)
Municipalities of Datu
Odin Sinsuat and North
Upi, Maguindanao
3,765
Bird Area.
biodiversity.
Deforestation
and
large-scale
forestland
96
CH A PT ER
10
the world.109
It hosts the Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary in TawiTawi, one of the first trans-boundary marine protected
major
valuation.112
resources.
Fishing
and
seaweed
production
are
the
97
mineralization.115
690 MTOE), more than half (or about five billion bfoe) is
220,000-hectare
known
Liguasan
Delta.
The
last
98
rain-induced
landslides,
volcanic
eruptions,
storm
CH A PT ER
10
passed through the area in just the past four years (2011
hazard.
119
peripheral
effects
of
typhoon
passing
through
120
99
B. Strategic Goals
Sharp focus will be needed on regional and local
institution-building for environmental governance to
100
CH A PT ER
10
C. Strategies
C.1. Environmental Governance
addressed through:
will include:
and
sustainable
development
institutions,
Environment;
purposes; and
ecosystem;
decommissioned forces.
social cohesion.
101
planning,
and associated violence and instability in the postCAB environment, three policy actions in the transition
period are recommended:
was
recently
strengthened
and
conflict
prevalence,
initially
particularly
the
boundaries
of
key locations;
and combatants, to provide an indication of
potential population movements and areas
where tensions relating to land may emerge;
and
iv.
Documentation
of
potential
areas
for
campaign
aimed
at
discouraging
sustainable
agreement
with
the
ARG
to
undertake
102
which
settlements,
framing
jurisdictions
CH A PT ER
10
and
Bangsamoro
Government
for
climate
change
the region;
103
Priority Programs
Environmental Governance
To preserve the
ecological integrity of
the Bangsamoro in the
context of comprehensive
sustainable development
Urban Ecosystem and Waste
Management Program
Components
Formulation of a comprehensive framework for sustainable development in the
Bangsamoro comprising key legislative measures and a Strategic Environmental
Management Plan (SEMP)
Capacity-development of Bangsamoro environment and sustainable
development institutions, including creation of a Bangsamoro Sustainable
Development Board (BSDB) and a Ministry of Environment
Integrated Development for Lake Lanao and Liguasan Marsh
Strengthen and support Community Empowerment for Environmental
Conservation and Protection
Policy for the Bangsamoro Waters and Zones of Joint Cooperation
Comprehensive Biodiversity Assessment of the Bangsamoro
Restoration and enhancement of degraded/denuded forest lands (including
nurseries) and comprehensive coastal and marine reform program
Establishment of monitoring mechanisms (including hiring of forest guards and
sea guards)
Formulation of BCT Sustainable Cities/Towns Model Plan(s) and initiation of
redevelopment
Development and implementation of a BCT-wide comprehensive residuals
management program
Establishment and operationalization of LGU-level solid waste management
councils
Ecological Solid Waste management program
Comprehensive Land
Administration and
Management Reform Program
for the Bangsamoro
To enhance Bangsamoro
communities adaptive
capacity for climate
change and DRRM
CCA/DRRM for Social Justice Comprehensive Vulnerability Assessments and Watershed Characterization
and Mitigation of Displacement Formulation of risk-based Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) for all LGUs
in the Bangsamoro
CCA/DDRM capacity-building
NOTES
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
104
CH A PT ER
11
11
105
11
The CAB and the BBL affirm the distinct cultural heritage
and birthright of the Bangsamoro people to their ancestral
homeland and right to self-determination. Their principles
include recognition, respect, and celebration of the
many identities and cultures of the various peoples in the
Bangsamoro.
Culture and language are covered by an exclusive power
vested upon the Bangsamoro Government. The CABs and
the BBLs provisions on economy, social development,
environment, governance, and justice and security are
formulated in harmony with customary laws and traditions,
while ensuring cultural, gender, and intergenerational
inclusivity.
The BBL provides for the creation of a Bangsamoro
Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
(BCPCH) and has specific policy recommendations relating
to Shariah-compliant justice and financing, regulations
and practices on halal, and organization of hajj and other
religious related travels, as well as the various rights
and practices of the Bangsamoros indigenous cultural
communities, including the right to pusaka inged (native
titles).
In this light, the BDP gives priority to culture and identity
as critical elements of sustainable human development and
peacebuilding.
106
CH A PT ER
11
Note: The numbers are estimates using index of fractionalization as a measure of social diversity along various
social cleavages such as ethnicity and religious affiliations
Source: BDP-CPT estimate (using PSA-CPH 2010 data)
107
cemeteries).
cultural
implications
on
sustainable
human
to
protect,
conserve,
nurture,
and
promote
heritage; and
B. Strategies
In line with the UNESCO definition of culture as inclusive
of creative expression, skills, traditional knowledge and
the cultural resources that form part of the lives of peoples
and societies, serving as bases for social engagement and
enterprise development, all plans, policies, and programs in
the Bangsamoro will necessarily be framed in the context of
cultural sensitivity and inclusivity, as a means of addressing
longstanding sources of dissatisfaction among Bangsamoro
communities.
108
CH A PT ER
11
Philippines.
heritage,
culture
and
arts
will
be
Bangsamoro Government.
109
Priority Programs
Components
Quick-Impact Projects
Historical markers
Bangsamoro public cemeteries (maqaabir al-aam)
Dialogue/intercultural initiatives
NOTES
122 Dwyer and Guiam (2010) identified them as the Maguindanaon of Cotabato provinces; Meranaw of Lanao; Tausug of the Sulu archipelago; Sama
of Tawi-Tawi; Yakan of Basilan; Iranun (between Maguindanao and Lanao Sur provinces); Jama Mapun of Cagayan de Sulu islands; Kalagan of
Davao provinces; Kalibugan of Zamboanga Peninsula; Melebuganon of Palawan; Palawani of Palawan; Sangil of Sarangani; and Badjaw (Sama
Dilaut), originally from Sulu Archipelago. Also refer to Lingga (2010).
110
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
12
Governance
111
12
Governance
The
autonomous
LGUsthe
than
provincial,
local
city,
municipal,
governmentsand
and
more
Bangsamoro
Program
in
February
2013,
further
processes empowering.
remaining in government.
A.1.3. Lack of Accountability
Since its creation, the ARMM has been faced with the
112
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
associations,
and
other
community
increasingly
implemented
development
regional government.
113
be resolved.
114
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
arrangements:
132
Table 28)
to
facilitate
intergovernmental
harmony,
cooperation,
mechanisms
and
to
coordination
robust
regions
have
to
strengthen
governance.
The
115
Table 28: Challenges, Features, and Targets of Transition Phases I, II, and III
Phase I BTC leadership
April 2014 until Passage of the BBL
116
Overall / General
Transition
Challenges
Critical Features of
Transition Phase
Specific Transition
Targets
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
BDA,
BLMI,
implementation
and
the
organizations
MILFs
current
remain
to
be
the following:
117
by the SDF;
137
challenges; and
f. To coordinate with the Commission on Elections
(Comelec) on overseeing the plebiscite.
Government,
during
which
high
of
functions
to
the
Bangsamoro
118
CH A PT ER
Governance
12
CT4T.
C.3.1.2. Organizing a Policy Development Team139
awaiting
approval
of
the
BBL
in
Congress,
119
140
Framework
and
Performance
administration,
absence
of
performance
a. Design
and
Approval
of
Administrative
associated
competencies.
positions,
qualification
standards
encountered.
approved BBL.
c. Drafting of a Capacity-Building Plan. Staff of all
line agencies of the Bangsamoro Government
will need to undergo intensive reorientation and
training. This plan will outline the capacity-building
requirements of the line agencies and the manner
120
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
b. Review
and
be tightened.
justice
system.
consistent
demand
of
the
121
performance-based
budgeting
system
could
be
review,
and
adaption
of
relevant
l. Formulating
between
procedures
the
legislative
pertaining
and
to
relations
executive
organs
foreign assistance.
m. Formulating procedures on procurement, government
j. Modifying the regional budgeting and budget
122
accounts
management,
personnel
management
administration
the
Bangsamoro
modified
Central
Government,
substantially.
the
more
substantive
in
the
1996
GRP-MNLF
Peace
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
code.
begins.
abolished
Demonstrating
participation
bureaucracy.
representativeness
and
ARMM
regional
government,
the
positions.
123
activity (PPA).
building plan.
in order of priority:
permanent)
ii. Intergovernmental
Fiscal
Policy
Board
(from
interim to permanent)
c. Enforcing
guidelines
on
the
release of
the annual block grant and other fund transfers from the
Central Government;
124
specific
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
The
pertaining
law
could
include
guidelines
125
Assembly.
143
126
development,
skills
development,
and
the
existing
Shariah
Courts.
The
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
127
projects.
revenue
measures
and
improve
collection
revenue
base.
Initially,
however,
the
employees.
128
Governance
CH A PT ER
12
Priority Programs
Components
Capacity-Building, Organizational
Development, and Change Management
Requirements from ARMM to BTA
Fiscal Autonomy
129
NOTES
123 Bacani (2005).
124 Despite more than 10 years of significant technical capacity-building support for LGUs across the region through the Canadian-funded Local
Government Support Program for ARMM (LGSPA), ARMMs own reporting showed little improvement in the quality of governance in terms of both
fiduciary standards and service delivery outcomes. This experience suggests that the absence of accountability, rather than technical deficiencies,
is at the core of ARMMs government challenges.
125 Only 6% of LGUs in ARMM received the Seal of Good Housekeeping from the DILG in 2013, compared to the national average of 76.6%.
126 Torres (2007), page 109.
127 Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and World Bank (2014).
128 Tribal Helm (2010), pages 32 to 34.
129 The Mindanao Trust Fund-Reconstruction and Development Program (see www.bangsamorodevelopment.org) and the ARMM Social Fund
Project.
130 Refer to the Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System (BCMS) and International Alert (2014).
131 Institute of Bangsamoro Studies and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (2011).
132 The debate on the draft law could continue through the first quarter of 2015.
133 Executive Order No. 120, Constituting the Transition Commission and for Other Purpose, December 2012.
134 The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Section VII, Item 9.
135 See Annex on Revenue Generation and Wealth Sharing, Section V, Article B.
136 The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, Section VII, Item 9.
137 Ibid., item 10.
138 The CT4T ideally will be supported by professionals with skills corresponding to those of the heads of line and major support departments of the
ARG: Public Works and Highways, Health, Education, Local Government, Social Welfare and Development, Transportation and Communications,
Science and Technology, Agriculture and Fisheries, Environment and Natural Resources, Trade and Industry, Regional Planning, Budgeting,
Treasury and Accounting, and others that may be identified later.
139 The Policy Development Team, preferably consisting of professionals with stellar experience in action and policy research, would need expertise or
specialization in such fields as economics, including agricultural economics, business management or administration, public administration, law
including Shariah justice, local government administration, taxation, banking and finance, and others that may be identified by the BTA.
140 It may be necessary to create a joint ARG-BTA Turnover Committee to settle problems encountered in the turnover of reports, physical assets,
personnel, documents/records, and financial assets. The committees formation could be discussed by the ARG and the BTA early on.
141 The TPMT is mandated to monitor the implementation of the CAB.
142 About six intergovernmental bodies are identified in the Annex on Normalization, together with mechanisms to facilitate consultative process
between the parties in the appointment, employment and deployment of the existing police force and the Traditional Justice and Reconciliation
Commission. Those bodies are germane to the issue of security.
143 Two laws on local governments apply in ARMM: the Muslim Mindanao Act No. 25 (approved by the Regional Legislative Assembly in 1994) and
the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991. The latter devolved functions from the Central Government to LGUs, including functions pertaining to
delivery of social and economic services such as health, agriculture, social welfare, and environment. Under the LGC, LGUs are entitled to their
respective shares in internal revenue allotments (IRA) to fund the performance of those devolved functions. On the other hand, MMA 25 did not
devolve functions relating to the delivery of health, agriculture, social welfare, and environmental services. Most ARMM LGUs, notwithstanding
receipt of IRA allocations from the national government, refuse to perform those four aforementioned functions because according to them, these
have not been devolved.
144 See Guerrero, Barra, Mangahas, and Licudine (2007).
145 Presidential Decree 1083 requires judges in the District Courts to have the same qualifications as their counterparts in the regular court system, as
well as passing the Shariah bar. Shariah Circuit Court judges are required to have high school education and to have passed the Shariah bar.
130
CH A PT ER
13
13
Proposed Implementation
Arrangements and
Financial Modalities
131
13
Proposed Implementation
Arrangements and
Financial Modalities
implementation.
A. General Principles
The CAB emphasizes the leadership of the Bangsamoro
in planning, delivering, and monitoring socioeconomic,
political, and cultural interventions in the Bangsamoro. It
commits the parties to cooperation for its implementation
and to continuing multisector dialogues that ensure
inclusivity, accountability, and gender balance to all
stakeholders in the Bangsamoro. These principles anchor
the proposed implementation arrangements for the BDP.
The BDP is also mandated by the CAB to guide overall
alignment of all post-Agreement economic interventions
in the Bangsamoro, regardless of funding source.
Implementation will, therefore be based on partnership
among the Bangsamoro, the GPH, and development
partners to provide the needed technical assistance funds
and operational support, while building the capacity
consciously
empowering
Bangsamoro
and
monitoring
and
evaluation
132
CH A PT ER
13
matters
Government.
4. Education
7. Health
8. Public Works
9. Local Government
10. Finance
Source: BDP-CPT
133
Coordinating
will
Body
for
Development
(CBD)
the BDP and BDF. The head of the BTC/BTA will chair
parties.
period.
with
relevant
national
and
regional
government
RbM&E body.
services
and
the
accelerated
implementation
of
134
CH A PT ER
13
sustainable
livelihood
opportunities,
the Bangsamoro.
excellence
development projects).
(i.e.,
managing
and
implementing
135
and
bilateral
and
multilateral
donor
modalities.
3. Normalization
Fund,
trust
governance structure
which
may
pool
fund(s)
146
with
an
inclusive
136
CH A PT ER
13
the BDP.
practices.
Similarly, the use of MDTFs can ensure predictability
in progress.
JICAs
Comprehensive
Capacity
Development
137
governance.
avoid fragmentation.
F.2. Phase II (From Mid-2016 to 2019)
Bangsamoro economy.
NOTES
146 The main elements to be decided in setting up a MDTF are: (a) choice of Administrator; (b) governance structure; (c) the nature of the funding
model, including degree of earmarking; and (d)) channels for disbursement (e.g., on-budget, off-budget, or a mix of the two; and potential
implementing agencies). In all these elements, the GPH and international development partners have rich experience to tap to avoid past
weaknesses of previous MDTF arrangements.
138
CH A PT ER
14
14
Challenges and
Mitigating Measures
139
14
Challenges and
Mitigating Measures
areas.
Bangsamoro
and revenues.
decision-makers,
Central
Government
favoritism or patronage.
140
CH A PT ER
14
national elections.
g. Manpower
Shortage.
Many
of
the
regions
the
protracted
conflict.
Without
them,
the
peace process.
141
142
CH A PT ER
15
15
Results-based Monitoring
and Evaluation Framework
143
15
Results-based Monitoring
and Evaluation Framework
Apart from the RbM&E, the BDP will also explore other
while
accountability
evidence.
learning-based
it
supports
transparency
for
communities
as
an
integral
part
of
144
A. Objectives
The overall purpose of the BDP RbM&E is to measure
and clearly assess the progress of programs and projects
identified in the BDP in order to manage development
results. To achieve this aim, the RbM&E will undertake the
following:
1. Provide a management information system to track
progress of activities;
2. Provide both quantitative and qualitative data by
which performance will be assessed against desired
targets and results;
3. Involve stakeholders in learning and informing
decisions
to
development
Bangsamoro;
improve
the
programs
and
implementation
projects
in
of
the
4. Build
capacity
of
relevant
agencies
in
the
CH A PT ER
15
BDP-RbM&E.
B. Guiding Principles
strategic
areas
of
intervention
(economy
providing
practical
lessons
learned
and
145
social accountability.
evaluation
classifications
functions.
Every
Bangsamoro-led
relevant
to
the
unique
social
146
A N N EX ES
Annexes
Annexes
147
Priority Programs
Components
Balik-Bangsamoro Program
148
A N N EX ES
Objectives
Priority Programs
Components
B. Infrastructure
Increase volume of passengers
and goods, road density
Energy
CCA/DRRM-Responsive
Infrastructure
C. Social Services
Increase household access to
WaSH
Health
Education
149
Objectives
Priority Programs
Components
Protective Services
150
To enhance Bangsamoro
communities adaptive
capacity for climate change
and DRRM
A N N EX ES
Objectives
Priority Programs
Components
Historical markers
Bangsamoro public cemeteries (maqaabir al-aam)
Policy work on the creation of the Commission on the
Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Establishment of a Bangsamoro Peace Memorial Museum
Support for and mainstreaming of various culturallyresponsive development initiatives: Shariah, halal and hajj
Social marketing and advocacy
Cultural tourism, Public-Private Partnership
Dialogue/intercultural initiatives
Capacity-Building, Organizational
Development, and Change Management
Requirements from ARMM to BTA
Fiscal Autonomy
151
Department
of
Foreign
Affairs
and
Trade;
Migration.
Designation
Chairperson
Organization
Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA)
Executive Director
Executive Director
Deputy Director-General
Executive Director
Country Director
Chief Representative
Resident Coordinator
United Nations
Chairperson
Organization
Senior Advisor
Senior Advisor
Management Consultant
152
Designation
A N N EX ES
Designation
Organization
Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Note: The committee was tasked by the MILF-CC and BDA to review the technical soundness of the consolidated BDP prior to its publication.
Designation
Organization
Team Leader
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
153
Designation
Organization
Economy
Social
Politics
Culture
Security
Peacebuilding
Fiscal Autonomy
Organization
Information, Communication
and Learning Officer
(JanuaryAugust)
Information, Communication
and Learning Officer
(SeptemberPresent)
Finance Officer
154
Designation
Administrative Assistant
(January-May)
Administrative Assistant
(JunePresent)
Finance Assistant
Cashier
Research Associate
Research Assistant II
Research Assistant
A N N EX ES
Organization
Thematic Area
Sub-Theme
Agriculture, Fisheries and Agro-Industry
Economy
Economy
Economy
Food Security
Economy
Agribusiness
Economy
Halal Industry
Economy
Islamic Finance
Economy
Regional Cooperation
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Social
Education
Social
Reproductive Health
Social
Social
Social
WaSH
Governance
Governance
Security
Security
Security
Decommissioning
Power
Environment and
Natural Resources
Environment and
Natural Resources
Environment and
Natural Resources
155
Name
Organization
Thematic Area
Sub-Theme
Ecological Services
Ecotourism
Cross-cutting
UN Women
Cross-cutting
Communications Consultant
GIS
Creative Designer
Ms. Johanna Go
SRDP / JICA
GIS
SRDP / JICA
GIS
Data Management
Organization
Assistant Secretary
OPAPP
Director
OPAPP
OPAPP
OPAPP
GPH-MILF Panel
OPAPP
OPAPP
Assistant Director-General
NEDA
Director IV
NEDA
156
Designation
A N N EX ES
Name
Designation
Organization
NEDA
NEDA
NEDA
NEDA
SREDS
NEDA
SREDS
NEDA
SREDS
NEDA
NEDA Region 9
Senior EDS
NEDA Region 9
DepEd
DepEd
Undersecretary
DILG
Assistant Secretary
DBM
Assistant Secretary
DA
DA
Director
DA
DSWD
Assistant Secretary
DSWD
Executive Director
MinDA
MinDA
Technical Staff
MinDA
DPWH
DPWH
DOH
DOH
NYC
PSO VI
NYC
Division Chief
DepEd
NHCP
157
Organization
Executive Secretary
Assistant Director
Project Officer V
Regional Secretary
Assistant Secretary
RFRDC Manager
Planning Officer
Senior TESD Specialist
Regional Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Medical Officer V
Regional Secretary
Director
Administrative Officer
Director
Assistant Secretary
Executive Director
Regional Secretary
Assistant Director IV
158
Designation
Regional Secretary
A N N EX ES
Philippine
Development
Plan 20102016
Midterm Update
Mindanao
Development
Strategic Framework
20102020 (NEDA)
ARMM Regional
Development Plan
20102016
ARMM RDP
20102016
Midterm Update
VISION
1. A reawakened sense of
right and wrong, through
the living examples of our
highest leaders;
2. An organized and widely
shared rapid expansion
of our economy through
a government dedicated
to honing and mobilizing
our peoples skills and
energies as well as the
responsible harnessing of
our national resources;
3. A collective belief that
doing the right thing
does not only make
sense morally but also
translates into economic
value; and
4. Public institutions are
rebuilt on the strong
solidarity of our society
and its communities.
A peaceful and
socially-inclusive
Mindanao with a
strong, sustainable,
competitive, ICTdriven, agroindustrial,
and resource-based
economy that
is responsive to
local and global
opportunities.
Mindanaons of
all cultural and
socioeconomic
backgrounds have
attained a sustainably
uplifted quality of life
through collective
achievement of a
peaceful, developed,
autonomous and
integrated Mindanao that
is the vanguard for the
countrys sustainable
development.
We, the
Bangsamoro
people, under the
guidance of the
Almighty in our
continuing quest for
self-determination,
envision a peaceful,
progressive society
through social
justice, human
equity, responsive
governance with
empowered people,
distinct cultural
heritage and
identity, sustainablymanaged patrimony,
and with established
international amity.
By 2015, the
reformed ARMM
is prepared to
transition to the
new Bangsamoro
entity, having
empowered people
and communities
encouraged
by responsive
government
propelled by
improved systems
and processes
of governance
anchored on propeople, transparent,
and accountable
leadership.
STRATEGIES/GOALS
The objectives of the Presidents Guideposts
Strengthening of
and the PDP have been translated to five Key
economic and
Result Areas (KRAs) under Executive Order 43, as
physical linkages
follows:
Upgrading of
Mindanaos
1. Transparent, accountable, and participatory
human resource
governance
capabilities
2. Poverty reduction and empowerment of the
Peace and social
poor and vulnerable
inclusiveness
3. Rapid, inclusive, and sustained economic
Good governance,
growth
broad peoples
4. Just and lasting peace and the rule of law
participation and
5. Integrity of the environment and climate
strong publicchange adaptation and mitigation
private cooperation
Delivery of basic
services for
vulnerable groups
More equitable
distribution of
resources
159
A.1. Background/Rationale
A.4. Methodology
workshop
questions:
exercises,
and
deepening
inputs.
The
development planning.
A.2. Objectives
to 2016.
A.3. Participants
160
A N N EX ES
Coverage (Provinces)
4 February 2014
37
26
12 February 2014
31
15 February 2014
31
17 February 2014
34
19 February 2014
36
26 Februrary 2014
33
65
2 March 2014
36
4 March 2014
49
20 March 2014
Sulu
63
23 March 2014
Tawi-Tawi
95
Maguindanao
10 February 2014
28 February 2014
5 April 2014
4 February 2014
TOTAL
Location
Participants
323
37
859
161
B.3 Participants
The participants of the Community Validation (CV)
B.1. Rationale
during
partners.
the
CVEs
conducted
across
the
proposed
B.2. Objectives
The general objective of the validation was to
B.4. Methodology
questions:
done?
c. What would be the estimated cost of the proposed
programs and projects?
162
Coverage (Provinces)
Location
Participants
5 July 2014
71
7 July 2014
59
8 July 2014
93
9 July 2014
Bukidnon, Cotabato
Manarapan, Carmen
49
10 July 2014
Cotabato, Maguindanao
Pagalungan
52
4 August 2014
Balo-i
60
5 August 2014
Balo-i
71
A N N EX ES
Date
Coverage (Provinces)
7 August 2014
Location
Participants
Butig
59
57
12 August 2014
Basilan
93
13 August 2014
Basilan
122
14 August 2014
Basilan
101
17 August 2014
Tawi-Tawi
118
18 August 2014
Tawi-Tawi
122
20 August 2014
Sulu
101
21 August 2014
Sulu
165
22 August 2014
Sulu
126
15 September 2014
Sirawai
16 September 2014
Ipil
18 September 2014
Dinas
74
23 September 2014
Sarangani
Malapatan
37
24 September 2014
South Cotabato
57
26 September 2014
Maitum
88
27 September 2014
Sta. Cruz
62
28 September 2014
45
29 September 2014
Davao Oriental
72
8 August 2014
80
100
TOTAL
2134
to
conduct
community
engagements
Bangsamoro.
and
to:
geographical
coverage
for
conducting
community
was
primarily
targeted
around
the
political
and
163
Remarks/Recommendations
Peace and Security
Nepotism
Transparency
Unemployment and underemployment
Corruption in all levels of government institutions; among
department heads/immediate supervisors
Lack of good leaders
Inadequate salaries for government workers
The need for youth representatives in legislative and policy
making bodies
No Ulamah sector representative
Political dynasty
Violation of womens rights
Lagayan system (bribery)
Untrustworthy or questionable people who handle government
projects
Non-implementation of Shariah Law
Equality of human rights and free legal services
Change the present form of government
Conflict between Shariah Law and Philippine Constitution
No strong political will in enforcement of laws, especially on
illegal drugs
Traditional leaders
164
A N N EX ES
Issues/Concerns
Remarks/Recommendations
Develop nondiscriminatory policies that address the situation
of women in the security sector
Respect for delineated territory
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) on governance and
other decision-making matters
FPIC exploration, development, and utilization of natural
resources
Representation and participation in governance (reserved seats
for IP in Parliament and other governance mechanisms)
Culture-sensitive policing structure taking into consideration IP
mechanisms for policing their own territory
IP participation in the ranks of the police force
Incorporate role of women in preventing and resolving conflicts
and coordinating with the Bangsamoro Police regarding
community concerns
Incorporate and strengthen the use of customary and
traditional conflict-resolution mechanisms within the
Bangsamoro, while addressing any discriminatory practices
involved therein
Indicate a provision of reparations in land conflicts, such as the
return of disputed land to aggrieved parties
Respect for traditional governance system
Education
165
166
Province/City
2006 PI
Province/City
2009 PI
Province/City
2012 PI
PHILIPPINES
26.6
PHILIPPINES
26.3
PHILIPPINES
25.2
65.5
68.5
73.8
Maguindanao
54.6
60.0
Maguindanao
63.7
53.8
57.9
Eastern Samar
63.7
Masbate
53.6
Saranggani
57.7
Apayao
61.4
Northern Samar
53.4
56.6
54.4
52.7
Eastern Samar
56.4
Camiguin
53.6
Tawi-Tawi
52.4
Masbate
56.3
Saranggani
53.2
Sultan Kudarat
52.0
Davao Oriental
54.4
North Cotabato
52.4
Antique
51.6
53.7
Masbate
51.3
10
Eastern Samar
51.3
Zamboanga Sibugay
52.7
Northern Samar
50.2
11
Zamboanga Sibugay
50.7
Mountain Province
52.2
Negros Oriental
50.1
12
Davao Oriental
50.5
Maguindanao
52.2
Western Samar
50.0
13
Abra
49.3
Northern Samar
52.1
49.1
14
Saranggani
49.0
Sultan Kudarat
51.5
Bukidnon
49.0
15
Bohol
48.2
Abra
48.8
Sultan Kudarat
48.5
16
Camarines Sur
47.8
Camarines Sur
47.9
48.1
17
Kalinga
47.3
Misamis Occidental
46.5
Sulu
45.8
18
Apayao
46.8
46.2
Davao Oriental
45.8
19
46.5
Bukidnon
46.0
Zamboanga Sibugay
44.8
20
Romblon
46.1
45.9
Cotabato City
44.3
21
44.7
Apayao
45.7
Southern Leyte
43.3
22
44.1
Aklan
44.7
Misamis Occidental
42.8
23
Mountain Province
44.1
Antique
44.3
Ifugao
42.4
24
Misamis Occidental
44.0
Bohol
43.7
41.8
25
Oriental Mindoro
43.7
Southern Leyte
43.1
Basilan
41.2
26
Bukidnon
43.6
Western Samar
42.5
Camarines Sur
41.2
27
Occidental Mindoro
43.2
Romblon
41.9
Albay
41.0
28
Negros Oriental
42.9
Camarines Norte
41.8
Sorsogon
40.7
29
Isabela City
41.9
Sulu
41.6
Romblon
40.5
30
Aklan
41.8
Sorsogon
39.3
Leyte
39.2
A N N EX ES
Rank
Province/City
2006 PI
Province/City
2009 PI
Province/City
2012 PI
31
Catanduanes
41.4
Biliran
39.2
Occidental Mindoro
38.1
32
Sorsogon
41.2
Albay
36.7
Mountain Province
37.6
33
Camarines Norte
41.1
Compostela Valley
36.6
Abra
37.4
34
40.7
Basilan
36.6
Bohol
36.8
35
Sulu
40.7
Leyte
36.3
Compostela Valley
36.7
36
Marinduque
40.5
Oriental Mindoro
36.1
36.0
37
Western Samar
40.4
Occidental Mindoro
35.9
34.7
38
Basilan
39.0
Tawi-Tawi
35.3
Catanduanes
33.8
39
Leyte
38.4
Cotabato City
34.0
33.4
40
Compostela Valley
37.7
Marinduque
33.6
Batanes
33.3
41
Albay
36.4
Negros Oriental
33.2
Marinduque
32.9
42
Palawan
35.2
Ifugao
32.1
Siquijor
32.6
43
Camiguin
34.6
32.0
Negros Occidental
32.3
44
Cotabato City
34.4
South Cotabato
31.6
32.0
45
Southern Leyte
33.7
31.6
South Cotabato
32.0
46
Quezon
33.5
Siquijor
31.0
Antique
30.9
47
Misamis Oriental
32.0
Palawan
30.9
Aurora
30.8
48
South Cotabato
31.7
North Cotabato
30.6
Oriental Mindoro
29.3
49
31.7
Negros Occidental
30.4
Camarines Norte
28.7
50
31.7
Kalinga
30.1
Tawi-Tawi
28.6
51
North Cotabato
31.4
Nueva Ecija
29.9
Capiz
27.8
52
Aurora
30.5
Quezon
29.8
Quezon
27.5
53
Cebu
30.4
La Union
29.3
Biliran
27.5
54
Capiz
29.9
Catanduanes
29.1
Kalinga
26.8
55
Biliran
29.8
Capiz
29.0
Palawan
26.4
56
Isabela
29.6
Misamis Oriental
28.9
Iloilo
26.2
57
Cagayan
29.6
Isabela
28.9
Guimaras
25.2
58
Pangasinan
28.7
Cagayan
27.8
Nueva Ecija
25.2
59
Negros Occidental
28.2
Isabela City
27.4
Aklan
25.0
60
Ifugao
28
Cebu
26.8
24.4
61
Nueva Ecija
26.5
Iloilo
26.6
Isabela
24.4
62
La Union
26.0
Camiguin
25.5
Misamis Oriental
23.4
167
Rank
Province/City
2006 PI
Province/City
Province/City
2012 PI
63
Guimaras
25.3
24.8
Cebu
22.7
64
23.7
Pangasinan
22.3
Isabela City
22.1
65
Zambales
23.6
Guimaras
20.7
Quirino
21.2
66
Siquijor
22.7
Aurora
18.2
Nueva Vizcaya
20.7
67
Iloilo
21.8
Ilocos Sur
18.1
Pangasinan
20.4
68
Ilocos Sur
20.8
Tarlac
17.5
Cagayan
19.7
69
Tarlac
18.1
Zambales
17.3
Batangas
19.0
70
Ilocos Norte
17.7
Batangas
17.1
La Union
18.5
71
Batanes
16.6
Quirino
15.6
Ilocos Sur
17.3
72
Nueva Vizcaya
15.0
Ilocos Norte
14.7
Tarlac
16.6
73
Quirino
14.6
Batanes
14.4
Zambales
16.0
74
Batangas
14.4
Nueva Vizcaya
13.3
Ilocos Norte
9.9
75
Bataan
9.7
Rizal
8.6
Pampanga
7.6
76
Bulacan
7.3
Laguna
8.4
Bulacan
7.3
77
Benguet
5.8
Bataan
7.7
Bataan
7.1
78
Laguna
5.5
Bulacan
6.9
Laguna
6.4
79
1st District*
4.9
Pampanga
6.9
1st District*
6.2
80
2nd District*
4.9
Benguet
6.1
Rizal
6.1
81
3rd District*
4.6
1st District*
5.1
4th District*
4.8
82
4th District*
4.4
3rd District*
4.5
3rd District*
3.8
83
Rizal
3.3
2nd District*
3.3
Benguet
3.7
84
Pampanga
2.7
Cavite
3.2
Cavite
3.4
85
Cavite
1.8
4th District
2.4
2nd District*
2.4
Note: * Refers to the congressional districts of the National Capital Region (NCR).
Source: PSA
168
2009 PI
A N N EX ES
Table 41: 100 Poorest Municipalities and Cities in the Philippines (2006 and 2009)
Rank
Municipality/City
Province
2006 PI
Municipality/ City
Province
2009 PI
San Andres
Quezon
78.30
Siayan
79.86
Concepcion
Misamis Occidental
76.54
Bucloc
Abra
77.18
Boliney
Abra
76.02
Baliguian
75.31
Batuan
Bohol
75.25
72.32
Carmen
Bohol
74.99
Sarangani
72.12
Jomalig
Quezon
74.90
Godod
71.06
Cagayancillo
Palawan
74.52
Gutalac
70.41
Buenavista
Quezon
74.41
Tandag
Maguindanao
70.1
La Paz
74.19
Tagoloan
69.38
10
Magsaysay (Linugos)
Misamis Oriental
73.85
Mabuhay
Zamboanga Sibugay
68.86
11
Don Victoriano
Chiongbian (Don
Mariano Marcos)
Misamis Occidental
73.73
Manukan
68.24
12
Siayan
72.3
Sibuco
68.21
13
Tinglayan
Kalinga
72.02
68.00
14
Bulalacao (San
Pedro)
Oriental Mindoro
71.28
Nunungan
67.87
15
Patnanungan
Quezon
71.20
Kibungan
Benguet
67.86
16
Gutalac
71.05
Guindulungan
Maguindanao
67.68
17
Baliguian
70.37
Munai
67.47
18
Loreto
70.25
Tangcal
67.36
19
Luuk
Sulu
70.20
Lacub
Abra
67.23
20
Tongkil
Sulu
69.80
Gen. S. K. Pendatun
Maguindanao
67.12
21
San Luis
69.66
Pilar
Bohol
67.08
22
San Narciso
Quezon
68.65
Tagoloan Ii
67.08
23
Esperanza
66.86
Sulu
66.78
24
Tanudan
Kalinga
66.58
Poona Piagapo
66.75
25
Bonifacio
Misamis Occidental
66.56
La Paz
66.71
26
Tabuelan
Cebu
66.48
Don Marcelino
66.54
27
Tagoloan
66.45
Talusan
Zamboanga Sibugay
66.52
28
Mulanay
Quezon
66.29
Kabuntalan (Tumbao)
Maguindanao
66.48
29
Sibuco
66.00
66.34
169
Rank
170
Municipality/City
Province
2006 PI
Municipality/ City
Province
2009 PI
30
Dagohoy
Bohol
65.87
Bacungan (Leon T.
Postigo)
65.96
31
San Jose
Romblon
65.78
Kalawit
65.83
32
Sirawai
65.47
65.80
33
Jimalalud
Negros Oriental
65.31
Don Victoriano
Chiongbian (Don
Mariano Marcos)
Misamis Occidental
65.66
34
Basilisa (Rizal)
65.11
Paglat
Maguindanao
65.43
35
Santa Fe
Cebu
65.02
Silvino Lobos
Northern Samar
64.78
36
Kalingalan Caluang
Sulu
65.00
San Isidro
Bohol
64.01
37
Danao
Bohol
64.69
Malita
63.82
38
Catigbian
Bohol
64.31
Bien Unido
Bohol
63.72
39
San Miguel
Bohol
64.23
Palimbang
Sultan Kudarat
63.68
40
Matuguinao
Samar (Western)
64.18
Siocon
63.56
41
Bacungan (Leon T.
Postigo)
63.93
Madalag
Aklan
63.34
42
Tangub City
Misamis Occidental
63.82
Payao
Zamboanga Sibugay
63.25
43
San Francisco
(Aurora)
Quezon
63.51
Sultan Sa Barongis
(Lambayong)
Maguindanao
62.89
44
Linapacan
Palawan
63.44
Pilar
62.75
45
63.40
San Benito
62.62
46
Sibagat
63.34
Talaingod
62.60
47
Talitay
Maguindanao
63.00
Alegria
Cebu
62.36
48
Veruela
63.00
Libacao
Aklan
62.33
49
Datu Unsay
Maguindanao
63.00
Tarragona
Davao Oriental
62.31
50
Tineg
Abra
62.86
Concepcion
Misamis Occidental
62.3
51
Alegria
Cebu
62.68
Danao
Bohol
62.09
52
Gen. S. K. Pendatun
Maguindanao
62.60
Bohol
62.09
53
Mangudadatu
Maguindanao
62.60
Sapad
62.04
54
Paglat
Maguindanao
62.40
Sallapadan
Abra
62.00
55
Dumaran
Palawan
62.24
San Luis
61.99
56
Pilar
Bohol
62.15
Esperanza
61.94
57
Sultan Sa Barongis
(Lambayong)
Maguindanao
61.80
Sirawai
61.66
58
San Pascual
Masbate
61.70
Olutanga
Zamboanga Sibugay
61.65
A N N EX ES
Rank
Municipality/City
Province
2006 PI
Municipality/ City
Cebu
61.69
Malitbog
59
Aloguinsan
60
Pandag
Maguindanao
61.60
61
Godod
62
63
Bunawan
64
San Francisco
65
Province
2009 PI
Bukidnon
61.42
Buldon
Maguindanao
61.13
60.91
Maguindanao
61.07
Sulu
60.90
Jipapad
Eastern Samar
60.58
60.82
Mangudadatu
Maguindanao
60.28
Cebu
60.66
Magsaysay (Linugos)
Misamis Oriental
60.27
Cagdianao
60.64
Salug
60.19
66
Motiong
Samar (Western)
60.63
Maslog
Eastern Samar
60.16
67
Guindulungan
Maguindanao
60.50
Jetafe
Bohol
60.14
68
Badian
Cebu
60.45
59.91
69
Corcuera
Romblon
60.41
Bindoy (Payabon)
Negros Oriental
59.90
70
Kalawit
60.39
Pantao Ragat
59.68
71
Sevilla
Bohol
59.88
Gigaquit
59.64
72
Silvino Lobos
Northern Samar
59.84
Maguindanao
59.5
73
Libjo (Albor)
59.84
San Francisco
Cebu
59.49
74
Siocon
59.78
Tungawan
Zamboanga Sibugay
59.45
75
Siasi
Sulu
59.70
Sibagat
59.41
76
Pres. Manuel A.
Roxas
59.64
Matungao
59.25
77
Malabuyoc
Cebu
59.40
Magsaysay
59.18
78
59.30
Garchitorena
Camarines Sur
58.97
79
Natonin
Mountain Province
59.15
Rajah Buayan
Maguindanao
58.93
80
Mamasapano
Maguindanao
59.00
Del Carmen
58.87
81
Placer
Masbate
58.95
Manay
Davao Oriental
58.67
82
Katipunan
58.92
Rapu-Rapu
Albay
58.64
83
Manukan
58.85
Kabayan
Benguet
58.61
84
Las Navas
Northern Samar
58.83
Veruela
58.48
85
Lutayan
Sultan Kudarat
58.83
Mabini
Bohol
58.42
86
Lacub
Abra
58.82
Catarman
Camiguin
58.39
87
Paluan
Occidental Mindoro
58.69
Mapanas
Northern Samar
58.35
88
Guihulngan
Negros Oriental
58.57
Lope De Vega
Northern Samar
58.22
89
Tuburan
Cebu
58.42
Pagagawan
Maguindanao
58.21
171
Rank
Province
2006 PI
Municipality/ City
Albay
58.32
Caraga
58.22
91
Jovellar
92
Sindangan
93
Bucloc
Abra
94
Trinidad
95
Maslog
96
Province
2009 PI
Davao Oriental
58.00
Ginatilan
Cebu
57.96
58.04
Talacogon
57.95
Bohol
57.93
Mamasapano
Maguindanao
57.89
Eastern Samar
57.81
Mutia
57.82
Tapul
Sulu
57.70
Samar (Western)
57.75
97
Pio Duran
Albay
57.66
Dinagat
57.63
98
Lupi
Camarines Sur
57.48
Talipao
Sulu
57.57
99
Tayasan
Negros Oriental
57.40
Matuguinao
Samar (Western)
57.48
100
Ronda
Cebu
57.25
Pantar
57.45
Source: PSA
172
Municipality/City
A N N EX ES
Maguindanao
Sulu
ICCs / IPs*
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Abelling
Abiyan
Aeta
Atta
Batak
Batangan
Binukid
Higaonon
Ibanag
Ivatan
Kankanai
Manobo
Tagakaolo
Tiruray
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Abelling
Abiyan
Badjao, Sama Dilaut
Batak
Batangan
Blaan
Binukid
Higaonon
Ibanag
Ikalahan
Ilongot
Kankanai
Kolibugan
Malaueg
Mamanwa
Mandaya
Manobo
Mansaka
Subanen
Tboli
Teduray
Tinggian
Tiruray
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Abeling
Abiyan
Atta
Badjao, Sama Dilaut
Balangao
Cimaron
Ibanag
Kanakanai
Manobo
Population** (2010)
4,893
55,841
16,472
Municipalities with IP
Population
1. Balindong
2. Balabagan
3. Bayang
4. Binidayan
5. Budaiposo-buntong
6. Bubong
7. Bumbaran
8. Butig
9. Lumba-Bayabao
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Ampatuan
Barira
Buldon
Datu Odin Sinsuat
Datu Paglas
Gen K. S. Pendatun
Kabuntalan
Pagagawan
Pagalungan
Parang
South Upi
Sultan Kudarat
Sultan Sa Barongis
Talayan
Upi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Kalingan Caluang
Indanan
Lugus
Maimbong
Pandami
Pangutaran
Parang
Siasi
Talipao
Tapul
Tongkil
Municipalities/Cities
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Maguing
Malabang
Marantao
Marawi City
Marugong
Masiu
Piagapo
Taraka
Tagoloan II
Tugaya
Wao
Old Panamao
Panglima Estino
Pata
Patikul
173
Province
Tawi-Tawi
ICCs / IPs*
Population** (2010)
Municipalities with IP
Population
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Abelling
Aeta
Badjao, Sama Dilaut
Ibanag
Kankanai
Manobo
Sama Bangenge
Sama Dilaya
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Abeling
Abiyan
Badjao, Sama Dilaut
Binukid
Ibanag
Illanun/Llanuan
Kankanai
Kolibugan
Manobo
Sama Dilaya
Subanen
1.
2.
3.
Abelling
Ibanag
Kankanai
North Cotabato
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Abelling
Abiyan
Bagobo
Blann
Ibanag
Ilongot
Kanakanai
Mamanwa
Manobo
Tiruray
10,908
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Abelling
Badjao, Sama
Dilaut
Ibanag
Ilanun
Kankanai
Subanen
3,020
Isabela City
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Batangan
Ibanag
Ilongot
Kankanai
Malueg
Mamanwa
Manobo
Teduray
Tiruray
2,138
Cotabato City
Basilan
Isabela City
Cotabato City
Total
123,783
5,772
172
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sibutu (16)
Simunul (15)
Sitangkai (9)
South Ubian (31)
Tandubas (20)
Sapa-sapa (23)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lamitan
Lantawan
Maluso
Tabuan Lasa
Tipo-Tipo
Sumisip
Municipalities/ Cities
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Mapun (15)
Languyan (3)
Panglima Sugala (5)
Turtle Island (2)
Bongao (10)
1. Baloi
2. Pantar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Aleosan
Carmen
Kabacan
Midsayap
Pigkawayan
Pikit
222,949
Notes:
* IP groups (whether native or non-native of Bangsamoro areas); included in the table are only those with population > 20 persons, based on CPH 2010.
** Refers to total population of all IP groups.
Source: PSA-CPH (2010). See www.ncip.gov.ph.
174
A N N EX ES
will
making
provide
to
better
these
and
informed
decision-
agencies/organizations/groups.
RbM&E Responsibilities
175
rapid
assessment/appraisal
survey
in
the
effectively.
and
establish
the
baseline
figures
based
on
fluid
social,
historical,
economic,
political,
following criteria:
176
A N N EX ES
BDP?
effective?
evaluation.
177
Outcomes
Outputs
Baseline
Targets
Increased utilization of
arable land
b. Increase number of halal- Increased production
certified producers and
Improve land productivity
service providers
Increase labor productivity
(particularly in agriculture)
c. Higher labor force
Increased number of
participation
registered enterprises
Increased number of halal
d. Higher household income
certified establishments
Improved farming and
e. Bridge labor supply gap
fishing practices
Lower underemployment
f. Bring back out-migrated
rates
human and fiscal capital Higher labor participation
rates
g. Trade openness
Higher GDP per capita
Higher household incomes
h. Improve access to credit Stable prices
Lower transaction costs
for farmers from farm to
market
More skilled workforce
Development of camps
Recommendations based
on the completed studies
178
Support to smallholder
farmers and fishers
Irrigation and postharvest
facilities
Support for private sector
Establishment of halal
certification agency and
laboratories
Establishment of registered
and halal-certified
establishments
Support to micro and small
entrepreneurs
Cash-for-work public projects
Hiring of community
facilitators for scaledup community-driven
development
Mobilization of health and
education workers
Incentives for increased
banking/investment in the
Bangsamoro, including
remittances
Incentives for young Moro
professionals
Labor productivity in
TBD
agriculture: PHP 70,822
(current prices); PHP
34,587 (2000 prices)
Establishment density
(no. of establishments
per sq. km. land area),
2012: 0.28 (total)
Ratio of establishments
to total population, 2012:
2.92 (total)
Banked municipalities
and cities (as of
September 2013):
nine (7.6% of total
municipalities and cities)
Unbanked municipalities
and cities (as of
September 2013):
110 (92.4% of total
municipalities and cities)
Total bank deposits (as
of 2013): PHP 6.2 billion
(0.1% total bank deposits,
nationwide)
A N N EX ES
Outcomes
Outputs
Feasibility studies and
detailed engineering study for
Polloc and Bongao Ports and
other areas as manufacturing
and trading hubs in the
Bangsamoro
Mainstreaming cross-border
trade
Study on the impact of
adopting an open trading
policy in the export
processing zones
Representation of
Bangsamoro Government
and private sector in trade
missions and negotiations
Bangsamoro Fund Facility
Microcredit (including
Shariah-compliant finance)
Scoping for eco-, cultural and
resort tourism
Support infrastructure
Developing of geological
database
Analysis for institutional
and capacity development
requirements for
management and regulation
of extractive industries
Baseline
Targets
2. Infrastructure
a. Increase volume of
people and goods, road
density
b. Increase household
access to electricity
c. Enhance Bangsamoro
communities adaptive
capacity for climate
change and DRRM for
social justice and to
mitigate displacement
% of households
with access to
electricity:
60-65%
(end-2016)
70-75%
(end-2022)
179
Outcomes
Outputs
Baseline
Targets
Participation rates,
ARMM:
Elementary: 70.4%
(201314)
Secondary: 26.1%
(201314)
% Inactive youth (1524
years old) in labor force:,
ARMM: 23% (2012)
% adults with at least
elementary education,
ARMM: 54% (2010)
% of households with
access to safe water,
ARMM: 36.6% (2012)
% of households with
access to sanitary toilets,
ARMM: 22.5% (2012)
% of children at age
1 with complete
immunization,
ARMM: 29% (2013)
% of population with
health insurance
coverage,
ARMM: 44.2% (2013)
Participation
rates (end-2016):
Elementary:
7580%
Secondary:
3540%
Participation
rates (end-2022):
Elementary:
8085%
Secondary:
5560%
% Inactive youth
(1524 years old)
to labor force:
1820%
(end-2016)
1517%
(end-2022)
% adults with at
least elementary
education:
5658%
(end-2016)
7274%
(end-2022)
% of households
with access to
safe water:
50-60%
(end-2016)
60-70%
(end-2022)
Renewable energy
development plans for BCT
provinces
Showcase of stand-alone
household and community
renewable energy
applications
Strengthening of Bangsamoro
electric cooperatives
through better partnerships
with private investors and
institutional development
programs
Ambal-Simuay River flood
control
Slope protection
Strengthened partnerships
with local communities for
watershed protection and
rehabilitation programs
3. Social Services
a. Increase household
access to WaSH
180
A N N EX ES
Outcomes
Outputs
Baseline
Inventory of health
professionals and institutions
Modified GI Bill for families
of MILF combatants
Inventory and beneficiaries
of Special Housing Needs
Assistance Package
Inventory of Public Private
Partnership for socialized
housing
Policies on land rights,
housing tenure
Packages for vulnerable
groups: senior citizens, PWDs,
women, widows, youth,
orphans, etc.
Targets
% of households
with access to
sanitary toilets:
30-40%
(end-2016)
50-60%
(end-2022)
% of children
at age 1 with
complete
immunization:
40-45%
(end-2016)
60-70%
(end-2022)
% of population
with health
insurance
coverage:
50-55%
(end-2016)
60-70%
(end-2022)
Comprehensive framework
and operational guidelines for
sustainable development in
Bangsamoro
Integrated Environmental
Governance in Lake Lanao
and Ligawasan Marsh
Policy for Bangsamoro
Waters and Zones of Joint
Cooperation
Comprehensive Biodiversity
Assessment of the
Bangsamoro
Comprehensive framework
and operational guidelines on
Urban Ecosystem and Waste
Management
Comprehensive Vulnerability
Assessments
CCA/DRRM capacity building
programs
Pilot of sustainable
forest management and
reforestation programs
completed
Pilot of reef and mangrove
rehabilitation completed
Forest guards and sea guards
recruited and fielded
Completed flood or slope
control infrastructure
programs
% of forestland to total
land area in ARMM =
51.4% (as of 2010)
No. of sanitary landfill in
ARMM = 1
Solid waste produced in
ARMM = 940 tons daily
Proclaimed watershed
areas in ARMM = 28,845
ha
Preserved
ecological
integrity of the
Bangsamoro in
the context of
comprehensive
sustainable
development
Enhanced
adaptive capacity
for climate
change and
DRRM by the
communities in
Bangsamoro
181
Outcomes
Outputs
Baseline
Targets
182
Comprehensive framework
Ethnic fragmentation
and operational guidelines for
index in ARMM = 0.85
heritage, culture and the arts,
(where 0 = perfectly
indigenous sports and games,
homogenous, 1 =
music, visual arts, literature,
perfectly heterogenous)
dance, crafts, tribal attire,
holidays, language, cuisine
Inventory and baseline data
on heritage, culture and the
arts
Public museums, libraries,
historical markers, language
and cultural center, and public
cemeteries open to public
Policy paper on creation of
Bangsamoro Commission for
the Preservation of Cultural
Heritage
Grants for textbook and
module writing
Popularization of culture
and the arts through use
of media and other social
marketing programs, and
encouragement of indigenous
cultural activities in schools,
offices and community
gathering
Popularization of
Bangsamoro languages and
use of indigenous languages
for basic education
Revival of indigenous sports
in schools and interschool,
regional sports competition
Establishment of schools of
living traditions
Youth peace camps/trainings
awarded
Interfaith initiatives
Regional, national
intercultural exchange and
cooperation
Ethnic
Fragmentation
Index = 0.85 to
1.0 (perfectly
heterogenous)
A N N EX ES
Outcomes
Outputs
Baseline
Targets
% of LGUs in
Bangsamoro
with SGH = 20%
(2016)
183
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
b.
Improved agricultural
land and labor
productivity
agriculture output
per labor employed
agriculture output
per hectare
average household
income
Increase number
of halal-certified
producers and service
providers
share of
halal-certified
establishments
in total of
establishments
c.
d.
Higher household
income
household income
g. Trade openness
h.
184
Improve access to
credit
A N N EX ES
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
Number of passengers
transported
Volume of goods transported
Travel time for people and goods
Farm-to-market transport cost
Duration of power interruptions
Price of electricity
Number of people displaced by
natural disasters
2. Infrastructure
a.
b.
c.
Increase volume of
passengers and goods,
road density
Increase household
access to electricity
Enhance Bangsamoro
communities adaptive
capacity for climate
change and DRRM for
social justice and to
mitigate displacement
185
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
3. Social Services
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
186
Increase household
access to WaSH
A N N EX ES
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
Improved protection
of forest resources,
coastal marine
resources, and biodiversity
% of protected
forest, coastal, and
marine areas
% of forest,
coastal, and
marine resources
rehabilitated
Change in
the number
of protected/
endangered species
b.
Improved disaster
preparedness of
communities in
disaster-prone and
vulnerable areas
Change in the
number of
casualties of natural
disasters
Change in the
number of
households residing
in disaster-prone
areas
Change in the
number of people
displaced from
disaster-prone areas
Biodiversity index
Size of protected forest, coastal,
and marine areas
Size of rehabilitated forest,
coastal, and marine areas
Number of protected/endangered
species
Number of households in
disaster-prone areas
Number of households relocated
due to natural disasters
Population displaced by disasters
Number and types of disasters
Casualties of disasters to life and
property
Number and size of land allotted
to green/open space, greenery
landscape or park per barangay in
urban areas
Number, types, geographic
distribution, amount of disasterpreparedness programs, and
number of people served by the
programs
Field survey
Onsite monitoring visit and
interview
FGDs
GIS-assisted mapping
survey
Rapid biodiversity
assessment survey
Third party monitoring
187
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
188
Cultural mapping
Survey
Onsite visit, interview, and
FGDs
Monitoring report form
Third party monitoring
A N N EX ES
Outcome Indicators
Output Indicators
Number of days/hours
required to process
documents
Volume of business
transactions (e.g.,
business registrations,
permit and license
applications, birth
certificates) completed
daily
Number of public
officials with the
required qualifications or
specialized training
% of total budget spent,
by agency and sector, with
explicit alignment with
physical achievements or
physical targets
Number and amount,
by agency, sector
and program level, of
procurement through
competitive bidding
Number of public officials
or government employees
who have relatives in the
bureaucracy
Level and % of revenues
generated internally
Number of titled parcels
of land
Survey
FGDs, interview
Stakeholder analysis
Onsite visit
Third party monitoring
189
190
A N N EX ES
Benito, Francis. (2014). Final Report on the Energy Sub-Theme for the Environment Chapter of the Bangsamoro Development Plan.
A report commissioned by the United Nations Programme.
Juan, Nerrisa. (2014). Inputs on the Ecotourism Sub-Theme for the Environment Chapter of the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A
study commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
Lasmarias, Noella. (2014). Inputs on Ecosystems Services for the Environment Chapter of the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A
report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
Lecciones, Amy. (2014). The Environment Chapter of the Bangsamoro Development Plan: Final Report on Coastal, Marine, and
Freshwater Biodiversity Sub-Theme. A report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
_____________.(2014). Concept Note: Strengthening Capacity of the Bangsamoro Core Territory for Wealth Creation from Philippines
Biodiversity Genetic Pool. A report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
Queblatin, Eduardo. (2014). Final Report on Forests and Watersheds Sub-Theme. A report commissioned by the United Nations
Development Programme.
Tio, Jake. (2014). Inputs on Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, and Urban Ecosystem for the Environment Chapter
of the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
Umngan, Abdul Jalil. (2014). Integrated Report on Environment, Natural Resources, and Energy for the Bangsamoro Development
Plan. An integrative report commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme.
Culture
Poingan, Guimba. (2014). Report on Bangsamoro Culture for the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A report commissioned by the
Bangsamoro Development Agency.
Governance and Security
Barra, Hamid, Asnawil Ronsing, and Macacuna Moslem. Paper on Shariah Justice. A report commissioned by the United Nations
Development Programme.
Ragrario, Butch. (2014). Inputs on Governance Sub-Theme for the Governance Chapter of the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A
report commissioned by The Asia Foundation.
Ragonjan, N. and K. Tolosa. (2014). A Paper on the Security Theme for the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A report commissioned
by The Asia Foundation.
Pagayao, Abdul. (2014). A Report on the Human Security Theme for the Bangsamoro Development Plan. A report commissioned by
the Bangsamoro Development Agency.
Crosscutting Issues
Alih, Kathleen Zarah. (2014). A Report on Bangsamoro Youth Development to Support the Bangsamoro Transitional Plan. A report
commissioned by the Bangsamoro Development Agency.
Sajor, Indai. (2014). Gender and Development (GAD) Support to the Bangsamoro Development Plan (BDP). A report commissioned
by United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women or UN Women.
Danguilan, Marilen. (2014). A Report on the Food and Nutrition Security Plan: Central Points for the Bangsamoro Development Plan.
A report commissioned by the United Nations World Food Programme.
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