REVIEW NOTES FOR CRIMINOLOGIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION

A. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

IV. POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS

1. Also known to be the Anti-Drunk Driving Act of the 2013.

a. RA 10592
c. RA 10586
b. RA 4136
d. RA 10175
2. To carry out the main objective of proactive policing activity, the Head of
Patrol Unit of the local PNP increased the number police patrol officers who
are well-trained in community relations. They had been oriented to establish
a healthy relationship with the residents to gather their confidence and
cooperation especially in watching for any untoward incidents, and to report
the same for police actions. What objective of police patrol operation is being
emphasized in the given scenario?
a. Police Immersion
c. Criminal Detection,
Apprehension, and Detention
b. Participative Law Enforcement
d. Team Policing
POLICE IMMERSION part of community oriented policing technique
wherein patrol officers are deployed to familiarize, and mingle with the
residents of his area of responsibility so that they would know them.
3. Arranging of personnel and functions in a systematic manner designed to
accommodate stated goals and objectives in the most efficient manner
possible.
a. Organization
c. Administration
b. Employment
d. Management
ORGANIZATION is also defined as a group of people working together
to achieve a common goal.
4. In this method, the suspect stands with his feet together, his head tilted
straightly back, and his eyes closed while he estimates the passage of a
certain time.
a. One Leg Stand Test
c. Horizontal Nystagmus Test
b. Finger to Nose Test
d. Rombergs Balance Test
5. The word patrol was derived from the French word patrouiller which
means. . .
a. to carry burden
c. to go through puddles
b. to wander away from home
d. to move from one place to
another
Etymology of the word POLICE
Politeia is a Greek word which means a government of a city.
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Politia is a Roman word which means a condition of a state,

government and administration.

Etymology of the word PATROL

Patrouiller is a French word which means to go through puddles
6. A principle of sound police patrol organization which is based on the belief
that an individual should be responsible to one and only one person at any
given time and in any given situation.
a. Chain of Command
c. Unity of Command
b. Span of Control
d. Organizing by Function
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
The following are the principles that enable goals of patrol affairs
achieved:
1. Simplicity which can be done by providing simple organizational
plan clearly understood by all concerned, yet detailed to provide
clear lines of authority and responsibility.
2. Organizing by Function it emphasizes the grouping of similar
tasks, job assignments, performance of functions together and
placing them under a single supervision or command officer. In
keeping this principle basic distinction between line and staff
functions must be observed.
3. Chain of Command it holds that successive person in the chain
of command, from the first level supervisor to the chief of police
must be given an opportunity to deal with those incidents for which
he or she is responsible. A person cannot be held accountable if the
chain of command is violated by allowing other persons below to
handle the situation.
4. Span of Control it is based on the assumption that there is a
limit to the number of individuals that one person can effectively
supervise. It depends upon various factors such as:
a. The type and complexity of the work performed
b. The skills, training and experience of personnel performing
the work
c. The degree of specialization involved in the work performed
d. The knowledge, skills and experience of the supervisor
5. Unity of Command (SUPRA)
7. Part of Foot Patrol Tactics is to walk close to the ______ during the day and
close to the building at night.
a. residential houses
c. gates
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b. curb

d. commercial establishments

8. During the Pre-Deployment Phase, members of the Patrol Team shall form
and assemble at the Patrol Unit Headquarters at least _________ before the
start of their shift for their accounting.
a. 15 minutes
c. 25 minutes
b. 20 minutes
d. 30 minutes
9. This type of assignment is particularly effective for SATURATION
COVERAGE of high crime areas. It provides extra coverage without alarming
the occupants with an unusual number of police officer.
a. Plainclothes Patrol
c. High Visibility Patrol
b. Team Policing
d. Police Immersion
10. Alternative patrol system which means the fielding of the field units in
their respective areas of responsibility with prescribed objectives and
verifiable tasks scheduled for the day to augment the calls and other onsight activities that make up the officers day.
a. Reactive Patrol
c. Police High Visibility Patrol
b. Proactive Patrol
d. Police Low Visibility Patrol
PATROL ACTIVITIES
1. Proactive Patrol (SUPRA)
2. Reactive Patrol a patrol activity which consist of driving around
the district waiting for something to happen.
11. A fixed point or location to which an officer as assigned for duty, such as
designated desk office or an intersection or crosswalk for traffic duty or spot
location for general guard duty.
a. Route
c. District
b. Beat
d. Post
TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL
1. Post (SUPRA)
2. Route / Line Beat A length of street or streets designated for
patrol purposes.
3. Beat Area assigned for foot patrol purposes.
4. Sector Area containing two or more beats, routes or posts.
5. District Geographical subdivision of a large city.
6. Area Section or territorial division of a large city.
12. The following types of patrol are NOT conducted in SECTOR, EXCEPT
a. foot patrol
c. scooter patrol
b. bicycle patrol
d. automobile patrol
13. This is done at the last hour of the eight-hour tour of duty to ensure that
nothing unusual has happened to the area of responsibility.
a. Clockwise Pattern
c. Straightway Pattern
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b. Counter-Clockwise Pattern

d. Freewheeling Pattern

PATROL PATTERNS
1. Clockwise Pattern done in the start of the eight-hour tour of
duty. Its purpose is for the patrol officer to survey the condition and
situation of the boundaries of his area of responsibility.
2. Zigzag or Freewheeling this is done by patrolling the streets
within the perimeter of the beats, not at random but with a definite
target location where the patrol officer knows that his presence is
necessary. This action is based on the study of the situation and
condition of the beat.
3. Counter-Clockwise Pattern this technique is simply the reverse
of the clockwise pattern. This is done at the last hour of the eighthour tour of duty to ensure that nothing unusual has happened
within the area of responsibility.
4. Straightway or Crisscross Pattern done by patrolling the
length of the street and therefore the easiest to observe.
5. Cloverleaf Pattern conducted on a highway intersection
designed to route traffic without interference by means of a system
of curving ramps from one level to another in the form of four (4)
leaf clover.
14. The following are the advantages of police high visibility patrol, EXCEPT
a. it increases the aura of police omnipresence
b. it diminishes desire to commit crime
c. used to increase the probability of arrest
d. eliminates opportunity on the part of would-be offender to commit crime
VISIBILITY PATROL STRATEGIES
1. Police High Visibility Patrol has the objective of increasing the
aura of police omnipresence in the community to reduce certain
type of crime.
2. Police Low Visibility Patrol performed by patrol officers in
plainclothes patrol or in unmarked vehicle with the primary purpose
crime repression.
3. Target Oriented Patrol patrol strategy directed towards specific
reasons or places.
4. Directed Deterrent Patrol it is a patrol strategy which differs
from traditional patrol methods wherein patrol officers perform
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specific predetermined preventive functions on a planned

systematic basis.
5. Interactive Patrol Strategy emphasis is on police-citizen
interaction wherein community input is sought in resolving patrol
problems.
6. Aggressive Patrol Strategy emphasis is on the positive target
oriented activities which includes physical security inspection. This
is effective if the information regarding crime trends is based on
crime analysis.
15. Done during the In-Field Preparation phase, where the outgoing patrol
officer orients the relieving officer as to the condition of their particular area
of responsibility prior to the formers turnover.
a. Debriefing Conference
c. Assembly
b. Conference
d. Indoctrination
PREPARATIONS FOR PATROL OPERATIONS
1. General Preparation The first and foremost in his preparation
for patrol duty is attitude preparation. As much as possible, his
attitude must be positive.
2. Pre-patrol Preparation Prior to going out on patrol the
policeman should be armed with knowledge and equipment. In
order to have knowledge about their task, there is a fall-in
formation at headquarters, precinct, or the police block as the case
may be, which is devoted to the giving of specific assignments,
vehicles to be used and partner (if any), break and meal time and
patrol assignments.
3. Vehicle Inspection involves inspection of patrol vehicles to be
used before going out of patrol.
4. In-Field Preparation whenever possible, the police officer who is
to go out on patrol should have a debriefing conference with the
relieving officer.
5. District Orientation Tour involves familiarization of assigned
area for patrolling upon arrival in the field.
16. Included in Patrol Tactics is that whatever patrol pattern is used, perform
it in __________.
a. regular and definite manner
c. military and alert manner
b. fast and furious manner
d. irregular and unpredictable
manner
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17. The system of attaching miniature camera and transmitter to a search

dog which makes the dog mans best friend and even better friend, because
the dog can now be the eyes and ears of his handler in situations, where
saving life is a paramount objective.
a. WOLF
c. CANINE
b. FOX
d. WOLVES
WOLVES Wireless Operational Link and Video Exploration System
18. It is a grass-root approach undertaken to bring the people and the police
together in a cooperative situation.
a. New Cops on the Block
c. Team Policing
b. Community Oriented Policing System
d. Participative Law
Enforcement
TEAM POLICING it attempts to integrate the police and the
community interest into a working relationship so as to produce the
desired objective of peacekeeping in the community. Team Policing
originated in Aberdeen, Scotland.
19. Component of Integrated Patrol System which includes security guards
deployed in the area, traffic enforcers, junior police, the barangay tanods,
civilian volunteers, radio groups, and officers of non-government
organizations.
a. Fixed Component
c. Auxiliary Component
b. Patrol Component
d. Non-Uniformed Component
COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED PATROL SYSTEM
1. Fixed Component includes the different police station
headquarters, police community precinct (PCP), police visibility
points and traffic post.
a. Station Desk serves as 3 Cs of police force:
Communication, Coordinating Center, or Command Post.
b. Police Community Precinct it is headed by a Police
Commission Officer with a rank of Chief Inspector or
Superintendent with a minimum of thirty (30) personnel
including the commander divided in three (3) shifts of eight
(8) hours duty.
2. Patrol Component includes air patrol, the line beat patrols,
mobile patrols, and detective repressive patrol.
a. Police Beats consists of identifiable boundaries within area
of responsibility where an officer can conduct patrol.
3. Auxiliary Component includes the security guards deployed in
area, the traffic enforcer, barangay tanods, volunteers, and NGOs.
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20. Basically, Patrol Division, due to its significant value in attaining the main
objective of the national law enforcement agency, is considered as. . .
a. backbone of police agency
c. backbone of the law enforcement
b. backbone of police operation
d. basic police function
21. Pertains to the feeling of would-be criminals that policemen are
everywhere. This gives the feeling of fear on his (would-be offender) part and
of safety on the part of law abiding citizens.
a. Psychology / Aura of Police Omnipresence
c. Diffusion
b. Deterrence
d. Discouragement
22. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Mounted Patrol?
a. could be used in certain areas where automobile is prohibited such as
wooden areas, etc.
b. environment friendly
c. ideal to use in National Highways
d. economical
MOUNTED / HORSE PATROL
The second to the oldest patrol type (next to foot patrol). This is
usually conducted in wooden and large park areas. Mounted
officers can see three (3) blocks more than a foot patrol officer.
23. People who first used Canine Assisted Patrol.
a. Germans
c. Romans
b. Americans
d. Egyptians
CANINE (K-9) ASSISTED PATROL
1. First used by Egyptians for patrolling, police dogs are
especially useful in high crime areas, dangerous search
situations (identification of suspected bomb), dealing with
street gangs, dispersing crowd, taking fleeing suspects into
custody, guarding suspects, searching and detection of drugs
in packages or on suspects. It is essential for most mediumsized and large police departments.
2. Provides great assistance in search and rescue as well as in
smelling out illegal drugs and bombs. A dog is capable of
recognizing an odor ten (10) million times better than
human can.
3. A single K-9 team is able to complete building searches
seven (7) times faster than four (4) officers working
together to search the same building.
ADVANTAGES OF CANINE (K-9) ASSISTED PATROL
1. Canine dogs provide protection for patrol officer
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2. Best in locating trapped people during emergencies

3. Can be used in crowd control
4. Great assistance in locating narcotics and bomb
DISADVANTAGES OF CANINE (K-9) ASSISTED PATROL
1. Expensive to maintain
2. Works with only one (1) handler
3. Dog training is extensive and expensive; requires three (3)
months to train
4. Territorial
BREEDS OF DOGS APPROPRIATE FOR POLICE WORKS
1. German Shepherd the most frequently used and high scoring
dog for police work.
2. Bloodhounds a large powerful dog with dropping ears, sagging
jaws, and keen sense of smell.
3. Black Labrador Retrievers
4. Rottweiler
5. Doberman Pinschers
6. Airedale Terriers
7. Giant Schnauzers
8. Newfound Lands
24. Never hesitate to offer any help consistent with the purpose of law
enforcement, because patrol does not only mean protection but _______ as
well.
a. corruption
c. crime control
b. service
d. immersion
25. Patrol officers are _________, hence their help in law enforcement is given
the greatest value.
a. generalists
c. the show window of the police precinct
b. frontliners
d. all of them is correct
26. Type of patrol which has been used in many countries as a simple and
inexpensive means of transportation to carry police officers throughout
patrol districts. It has the advantage of stealth and mobility.
a. Motorcycle Patrol
c. Automobile Patrol
b. Foot Patrol
d. Bicycle Patrol
ADVANTAGES OF BICYCLE PATROL
1. It has the advantage of mobility and stealth
2. Inexpensive to procure and maintain compare to other methods
3. It can cover areas not accessible by motorcycle or patrol cars
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4. Biking is a good form of exercise to maintain excellent physique

and good health
5. It is effective in combating theft, burglary, vandalism in
residential areas, parks and shopping malls
6. It can be effectively used by plainclothes officer while
conducting surveillance
DISADVANTAGES OF BICYCLE PATROL
1. Inability to carry additional equipment
2. Apprehended criminals cannot be transported
3. Danger involved in driving
27. Which of the following is NOT considered critical time?
a. time between the commission of crime and the call to the police
b. time between the lifting of the receiver and the beginning of the actual
message between the caller and the desk officer
c. time between the end of caller-police conversation and broadcast of the
report by the radio dispatcher to the specific car assigned to the scene
d. none of them
Basically, CRITICAL TIME pertains to a certain period in which a
suspect could flee or might be able to conceal his means of committing
crime, contaminate or destroy potential evidence at the crime scene to
mislead investigation, kill or inflict violence to other people to complete
or fulfill his illegitimate end, commit further crimes, or any other
similar effects, and dying person, either victim of crime or not, could
be saved.
Time between the commission of crime (example: murder) and
discovery of the effects (dead body), and the time between the
dispatch of patrol officer / first responder at the actual scene of the
crime and his arrival could also be considered critical time.
CRITICAL TIME Also defined as the time between the call of
concerned individual to the police regarding crime incident and the
arrival at the scene.
28. Once suspended, after due notice and summary hearing, a police officer,
before leaving the office or station where he is assigned will surrender his
___________ to his immediate supervisor.
a. private firearm
c. name plate and insignia
b. service firearm
d. basic salary
29. Which of the following is the duty of a patrol officer as the First
Responder at the crime scene?
a. determine the nature of the crime committed and once identified either
sensational or significant, request assistance from the SOCO
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b. release the crime scene by lifting up the cordon

c. upon assumption of responsibility, assist the SOCO team in identifying and
collecting potential evidence that might prove the guilt of the suspect in
criminal proceeding
d. secure the area by cordoning it and allow no one to enter unless
authorized
30. What is ideal police response time in the Philippines?
a. three (3) minutes
c. ten (10) minutes
b. five (5) minutes
d. fifteen (15) minutes
RESPONSE TIME refers to the running time of the dispatched patrol
car from his position where the assignment was received and the
arrival at the scene.
31. An area containing two or more beats, routes, or posts.
a. Line Beat
c. Sector
b. Post
d. District
32. One of the concrete responses of the PNP in reinventing the field of
investigation. Its purpose is to provide the organizational and operational
framework in truly effecting mechanisms towards enhancing the efficiency
and effectiveness of the PNPs investigation capability.
a. Detective Beat System
c. WOLVES
b. Integrated Patrol System
d. Investigative System
DISTINCTION BETWEEN POLICE BEAT AND DETECTIVE BEAT
1. Detective Beat (DB) is concerned with the crime solution angle
while the Police Beat (PB) has the primary role of crime prevention.
2. DB may be different from PB but the former compliments the latter
in serving and protecting the community
3. PB occupies a particular area of responsibility while the detectives
have the primary responsibility of first response in all cases
reported for investigation purposes.
33. In Post-Deployment Phase, who shall properly dismiss the duty patrol
officers after conducting their accounting?
a. Desk Officer
c. Dispatcher
b. Police Unit Commander
d. Platoon Commander
DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICERS IN EVERY PATROL PHASE
Patrol Phase
Patrol Personnel
Duty
1. Platoon
Commander

a. Conduct inspection
as to the appearance
and completeness of
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individual equipment.

A. PreDeployment
Phase

b. Conduct a short
troop information and
education and
disseminate
instructions or order.
2. Front Desk Officer

a. Read assigned line

beats. If applicable, he
may disseminate
information or
requirements that
should be monitored
during their patrol duty.
b. Make the report on
the higher
headquarters on the
dispatch of the
patrollers.

1. Duty Patrol Officer

B. Deployment
Phase

a. Report to the desk

officer and give the
number and name of
patrol members and
their location. They
shall likewise give their
situation report
which shall be done on
an hour basis.
b. Adopt a buddybuddy system and
keep in mind to make a
patrol plan and follow
the procedures.
c. Upon reaching the
end of their line beat,
he shall make a
situation before
returning to their point
of origin.
d. Report or record all
unusual incidents which
came to their attention
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in the patrol sheet

report.
1. Duty Patrol Officer

a. Accomplish the daily

patrol report before
being released and
discharged

b. Turnover to the Front

Desk Officer on duty all
items confiscated or
recovered during their
patrol duty.

C. PostDeployment
Phase
2. Platoon
Commander

a. Dismiss patrol
officers after
conducting an
accounting of
personnel.

3. Police Unit
Commander

a. Collect the Daily

Patrol Report and
submit the same to the
police headquarters for
consolidation and
reference.

34. Any person, place, thing, situation, or condition possessing high potential
for criminal attack or for creation of any other type of problem necessitating
a demand for immediate police service.
a. Police Hazard
c. Attractive Nuisance
b. Police Haggard
d. Unusual Occurrence
HAZARD it refers to any person, place, thing, situation, or condition
which, if allowed to exist may induce an accident or cause a
commission of crime.
POLICE HAZARD (SUPRA)
KINDS OF POLICE HAZARDS
1. Persons includes criminals, alcoholics, prostitutes, juvenile
delinquents, drug peddlers, addicts, gamblers, and insane persons.
2. Property includes piers, warehouse, unoccupied dwelling,
gambling joints, banks, pawnshops, drug dens, and gambling dens.
3. Places it includes terminals, venues of parades, conventions,
demonstrations, athletic events, and political meetings, prison and
jail, and schools.
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4. Situations conventions, political meetings, athletic events,

feasts, parades, demonstrations, etc.
ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE
The doctrine in tort law which holds that one who maintains a
dangerous instrumentality on his premises which is likely to
attract children is under a duty to reasonably protect those
children against the dangers of attraction.
UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE (definition)
35. Which of the following is/are the common patrol practice particularly high
crime areas?
a. stop, look, and listen
c. stop, frisk and street interrogation
b. stop, monitor, and alert
d. stop, tap down and apprehend
STREET INTERVIEW / INTERROGATION In this method, the patrol
officers aggressively investigate crimes that may have just occurred,
are occurring, or are about to occur. It is different from custodial
interrogation therefore reciting Miranda Warning is NOT
applicable. This method is highly visible, a deterrent impact to wouldbe criminals. Through this technique, person whose answers arouse
suspicion of criminal involvement gives the police a probable cause to
arrest him.
36. Which of the following is a DISADVANTAGE of Canine Assisted Patrol?
a. provides protection for solo patrol
b. locating trapped people and concealed contrabands
c. they can be used in demonstrations, in public affairs , school, or parades
d. can be an asset in public relation efforts
e. creates feeling of fear on the part of the would-be troublemakers
f. dogs are territorial and its handler and cruiser are part of its
territory
37. Feature of motorcycle patrol which makes it ideal in anti-bank robbery
mission.
a. speed
c. stealth
b. maneuverability
d. maintenance
ADVANTAGES OF MOTORCYCLE PATROL
1. High mobility especially in congested traffic
2. Quick response to emergency call
DISADVANTAGES OF MOTORCYCLE PATROL
1. Danger involved in riding causing a greater number of accidents.
2. Cannot be used when there is an inclement weather.
3. Relatively high cost to operate.
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4. Inability to carry additional equipments

5. Rough driving affects the drivers health
38. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of One-Mobile Man Patrol?
a. preventive enforcement is doubled by having twice as many police cars on
the street
b. personality clashes are reduced and avoided
c. promotes self-reliance and self-confidence
d. office who is alone devotes his full attention to driving and beat
observation rather than talking with his partner
e. mistake by one officer may be noticed and immediately corrected
by his partner
ADVANTAGES OF ONE-MAN PATROL CAR
1. Having twice as many police cars in the street doubles the
preventive enforcement.
2. When the officer is alone he devotes his attention to his driving and
the beat rather than to the conversation with partner.
3. A one man alone develops self-reliance.
4. Personality conflict is reduced
ADVANTAGES OF TWO-MAN PATROL CAR
1. Provides the officer with a greater safety factor by doubling the
firepower and physical protection.
2. Mistakes that one-man make may be caught by his partner and vice
versa.
3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight hours, and he is
therefore more rested and can do a better job.
4. Two pairs of eyes are better than one.
5. On the quiet night, driver can have someone to talk to and help
keep him awake.
39. In case of traffic rule violations, citation must be issued within how many
minutes?
a. two (2) minutes
c. five (5) minutes
b. three (3) minutes
d. ten (10) minutes
40. Report containing the observation of the duty patrol officer that must be
made upon reaching the end of his line beat before returning to his point of
origin.
a. daily record of event
c. situation report
b. patrol report sheet
d. incident report
41. The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded
the closing of the gates in London during sundown.
a. Statute of 1295
c. Magna Carta Law
b. Commonwealth Act No. 1
d. Writ of Habeas Corpus
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42. Part of preparations for patrol operation which involves familiarization of

assigned area for patrolling upon arrival at the field.
a. General Preparation
c. Vehicle Inspection
e. District
Orientation Tour
b. Pre-Patrol Preparation
d. In-Field Preparation
43. Headed by a Police Commissioned Officer with a rank of Chief Inspector
to Superintendent with a minimum thirty (30) personnel including the
commander divided in three (3) shifts of eight (8) hours duty.
a. Station Desk
c. Command Post
b. Police Community Precinct
d. Coordinating Center
44. Integrated Patrol System provides a SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
between the police and community, which would eventually draw the active
support and cooperation of populace. This is further emphasized by the
acronym P.A.T.R.O.L. which means
a. Policemen, Assigned, To, Reinforce, Order in the Locality
b. Patrollers, Assigned, Tasked, and Reinforced, On, Law Enforcement
c. Policeman, Administered, and Trained to Reinforce, Ordinance, in the
Locale
d. Policemen, Addressing, Tasks, Related to Order maintenance, and Law
enforcement
45. The following are the duties of Platoon Commander prior and subsequent
to the deployment of duty patrol officers of the day.
a. dismisses the patrol officers after accounting
b. accounts personnel upon completion of their patrol duties
c. collects Daily Patrol Report for consolidation and reference
d. inspects the appearance and completeness of uniform and individual
equipments
e. disseminate orders and instructions prior to the actual dispatch of duty
patrol officers
46. System used by the Metro Manila Development Authority through the use
of smart close circuit television (CCTV) equipped with zoom lens to clearly
identify the type and plate number of vehicles and recognize the identity of
involved parties in a vehicular accident.
a. Smart Traffic System
c. Solar System
b. Engineered CCTV Operation System (ECO System) d. Hermes System
47. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Foot Patrol?
a. ideal in establishing rapport with the members of the community
b. foot patrol can sneak up on situation where a patrol car is easily noticed
when it approaches
c. can enter small alleys and side streets
d. covers wide area
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FOOT PATROL
Commonly used in areas of crowded population or where there is
heavy traffic congestion and assistance of an officer is needed to
eliminate traffic jam. Also, it is the most expensive type of patrol in
terms of human resources and most departments had reduced their
foot patrols to minimum due to this.
TYPES OF FOOT PATROL
1. Fixed Foot Patrol usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades,
and special events.
2. Moving Patrol used when there is considerable foot movement
such as business and shopping center, family dwellings, and the
like.
a. Line Beat Patrol used in securing certain portion of
road.
b. Random Foot Patrol used in checking residential
buildings, business establishments dark areas and parking
lots.
ADVANTAGES OF FOOT PATROL
1. Patrol officers can enter small alleys and side streets.
2. Provides closer observation of persons and things.
3. Foot patrolman can provide immediate traffic control when it is
needed.
4. Officer can actually get to know the physical layout of his beat
better.
5. Maintains better personal contact with citizens and develops
community relations.
6. By the use of a two-way radio, the officer can maintain
communications with the department and the mobile unit
7. A foot officer can sneak up on situation, where a patrol car is easily
noticed when it approaches.
DISADVANTAGES OF FOOT PATROL
1. Slow response time
2. Low mobility
3. Cannot be employed during inclement weather
4. Requires huge amount of personnel
48. The following are the disadvantages of Automobile Patrol, EXCEPT
a. suspicious persons may go unnoticed
b. separates public from the police officers
c. neglects to make routine security checks
d. establishes healthy police-community relations
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AUTOMOBILE PATROL the most economical and extensively used

type of patrol and offers tactical ability when used in numbers. The
most effective means of transportation for police patrol.
ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMOBILE PATROL
1. Where speed and mobility is needed such as in large area that must
be covered by few officers, the speed of the automobile allow them
to service the whole area and do so efficiently.
2. One of the best means of preventive enforcement.
3. Offers protection to officers.
4. Permits the officer to carry extra equipment.
5. Patrol car allows the police officer to have a partner when needed,
and transport one or several dogs on patrol and emergency
ambulance during disaster.
6. Patrol cars can be used as barricades in roadblocks, and they offer a
high degree of safety during high-speed pursuits.
7. Provides constant availability to public calls.
DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMOBILE PATROL
1. It separates the public from the police.
2. Suspicious persons may go unnoticed.
3. Neglect to make routine security checks.
4. Slows down apprehension and surveillance operations.
49. Call which requires the use of flashing lights and sirens except when
there is an attempt to surprise the criminals in the act.
a. Emergency Call
c. Urgent Call
b. Routine Call
d. Response Call
CALLS ENCOUNTERED BY AUTOMOBILE PATROL
1. Routine Call call where mobile car is required to observe the
traffic laws and does not normally use flashing lights and siren while
on its way to the scene of the crime.
2. Urgent Call the responding patrol car has to observe the traffic
laws without need of using flashing lights and siren but proceed
directly to its destination without stopping en route unless incident
of far more serious occurs.
3. Emergency Call requires the use of flashing lights and siren
except when there is an attempt to surprise the criminals in the act.
50. Which of the following is NOT a type of police patrol?
a. Foot Patrol
c. Automobile Patrol
b. Canine Assisted Patrol
d. TV Patrol
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51. Quite different from traditional patrol methods in that the strategy is to
rely on disguise, deception, and lying in wait rather than high and low
visibility patrols technique.
a. Plainclothes Patrol
c. Proactive Patrol
b. Undercover / Decoy Patrol
d. Sector Patrol
DECOY PATROL is performed by a group of highly trained
specialist rather than regular patrol personnel. These specialists
may operate under the supervision of the patrol supervisor or may
entirely operate independent patrol force.
Primary Purpose of Decoy Patrol: detection and interception of
crime.
Secondary Purpose of Decoy Patrol: prevention of crime.
52. Location where the search, which is duly authorized by the PNP, is
conducted to deter / prevent the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and
for other legitimate purposes.
a. Hasty Checkpoint
c. Command Coordination Centre
b. Police Checkpoint
d. Police Box
HASTY CHECKPOINT immediate response to block the escape of
lawless elements from a crime scene, and is also established when
nearby checkpoints are ignored or during hot pursuit operations.
HOT PURSUIT (CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL PURSUIT / FRESH
PURSUIT) immediate, recent chase or follow-up without material
interval for the purpose of taking into custody any person wanted by
virtue of a warrant.
HIGH-RISK STOP actual stopping or accosting of armed and
dangerous person or persons, aboard a vehicle or on foot, including the
power to use all necessary and legal means to accomplish such end.
HIGH-RISK ARREST actual restraint of armed persons following a
high-risk stop.
PREDETERMINED AREA specific or projected spot where the armed
and dangerous person or persons would pass or likely to pass and so
tactically located as to gain calculated advantage against said person
or persons.
STOPPING ZONE strategic predetermined area strongly sealed off,
barricaded and occupied by tactical forces in a lawful display of
authority to maintain law and order or in defensive response to an
event of criminal nature or of such gravity that occurred or likely to
occur calling for high risk stop or arrest.
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53. What should be done if the external patting of the suspects clothing fails
to disclose evidence of weapon?
a. procure a search warrant immediately
b. force him to show his pocket
c. arrest him for resistance of order
d. release him
It is a rule in Pat-Down Search that if the external patting of the
suspects clothing fails to disclose evidence of a weapon, no further
search may be made. Conducted by at least two (2) officers.
54. Functions that carry out the major purposes of organization, delivering
the services and dealing directly with the public.
a. Primary or Line Functions
c. Auxiliary Functions
b. Staff or Administrative Functions
d. Functional or Support Functions
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. Primary or Line Functions (defined in the above question)
examples are patrol officers, traffic enforcers and criminal
investigators.
2. Staff or Administrative Functions functions that are designed
to support the line functions. Examples are personnel, finance,
planning, and training.
3. Auxiliary Functions functions involving the logistical
operations of the organization. Examples are communication,
maintenance, records management, supplies and equipment
management.
55. Act No. 183, the law which created the. . .
a. Integrated National Police
c. Manila Police Department
b. Insular Police Force
d. Philippine National Police Academy
56. When driving with partner the driving officer must cover 100% of his
vision in front and passenger officer must cover _______ than the former.
a. twice more
c. triple more
b. half lesser
d. quarter lesser
57. Organic units that perform patrol operations, traffic management,
investigation and vice control.
a. operational units
c. major units
b. administrative units
d. service units
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. Operational Units those that perform primary or line functions
such as patrol, investigation, traffic management and vice control.
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2. Administrative Units those that perform administrative

functions. Example of which are personnel, finance, planning, and
training.
3. Service Units those that perform auxiliary functions examples
are communication, records management, and the like.
58. Functional groups within a section where further specialization is needed.
a. nuclei
c. divisions
b. units
d. bureaus
FUNCTIONAL UNITS
1. Bureau largest functional organic unit within a large
department. Example, PNP under the DILG, and NBI under the DOJ.
2. Division it is the primary subdivision of bureau.
3. Section functional unit within a particular division. This is
necessary for specialization.
4. Units (defined above)
59. Organizational feature of team policing which aims to encourage
consistency and continuity of police policies and procedures and to provide
greater uniformity in developing solutions to community problems.
a. low level flexibility in decision making
c. unified delivery of service
b. combined investigation and patrol function d. unity of supervision
ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES OF TEAM POLICING
1. Unity of Supervision (SUPRA)
2. Low Level Flexibility in Decision Making members are
encouraged to share and exchange ideas and work together in
solving problems within their area of responsibility.
3. Combined Investigation and Patrol Function it is intended to
unify the investigators and patrol officers to a more competent and
cooperative approach to crime solving.
4. Unified Delivery of Service its importance is to develop every
member on all skills rather than focusing on single skill only.
In Team Policing, team of five (5) to ten (10) men is assigned
according to concentration of crimes and citizens-calls for police
assistance
60. In NCR, 1st digit of Patrol Beats refers to the numerical value assigned
to. . .
a. District
c. Police Community Precinct
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b. Municipality / City within the district

d. Beat

PATROL BEATS IDENTIFICATION FOR NCR Identifiable by five (5)

digit number
1. First Digit refers to the numerical value assigned to district.
2. Second Digit refers to the number assigned to each of the
municipality / city within the district.
3. Third Digit refers to the number assigned to the particular PCP.
4. Fourth and Fifth Digits refer to the number assigned to particular
beat.
PATROL BEATS IDENTIFICATION FOR REGIONS identifiable by a
seven (7) digit number.
1. 1st and 2nd Digits refer to number of region.
2. 3rd Digit refers to a number assigned to a particular province
within the region.
3. 4th Digit refers to a number assigned to municipality or city.
4. 5th Digit refers to the PCPs.
5. 6th and 7th Digits refer to the particular beat.

THE OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF BEAT PATROL

1. PRE-DEPLOYMENT PHASE
a. The members of the patrol team shall form and assemble at the
police unit Headquarters at least thirty (30) minutes before the start of
their shift for their accounting.
b. Platoon Commanders shall conduct inspection as to appearance and
completeness of individual equipment.
c. After the inspection, the Platoon Commanders shall conduct a short
troop information and education, and disseminate instruction/order.
d. The Front Desk Officer shall then read their assigned line beats. He
may, if applicable, disseminate information / requirements that should
be monitored during their patrol duty.
e. The Front Desk Officer shall make the report on the higher
Headquarters on the dispatch of the patrollers.
2. DEPLOYMENT PHASE
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a. Upon arrival at their beats, patrol officers shall report to the desk
officer and give the number and name of patrol members and their
location. They shall likewise give their situation report which shall be
done on an hour basis.
b. While on patrol, the patrol officers shall adopt the buddy-buddy
system keeping in mind to make a patrol plan and follow the
procedures.
c. Upon reaching the end of his line beat, the patrol officer shall make a
situation report before returning to their point of origin.
d. All unusual incidents which came to their attention must be
reported or recorded in the patrol sheet report.
3. POST DEPLOYMENT PHASE
a. After the tour of duty, patrol officers shall return to their Patrol Unit
Headquarters and surrender the team equipments.
b. Patrol officers shall likewise accomplish the Daily Patrol Report
before being released and discharged.
c. Patrol officers shall turnover to the Front Desk Officer On-Duty all
items confiscated / recovered during their patrol duty.
d. Their Platoon Commanders shall then properly dismiss them after
conducting an accounting of personnel.
e. Police Unit Commander shall collect the Daily Patrol Report and
submit the same to the police Headquarters for consolidation and
reference.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION
OF PATROL FORCES
1. Chronological Distribution it involves consideration of the nature and
causes of crime. They should familiarize how crimes are committed, when
and who committed them.
Crime Clock it signifies what crime is often or frequently
committed.
Crime Map location or place, or crime-prone areas wherein
crime is frequently or often committed.
2. Geographical Distribution it involves weighing categories of incidents
and accounting the number of identifiable hazards and street mileage.

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3. Walking Beats involves determining man hours needed to cover the

streets and alleys to inspect the police hazards that would prevail within the
AOR.
4. Motor Patrol Distribution involves determining the need to shift
motor patrol units hour-by-hour at the area according to where and when
crime most likely to occur.

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MOCK BOARD EXAMINATION

LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA-III)
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS
Instruction: ENCIRCLE the letter of the BEST answer
---------------------------------------------------------------1. The arrest of X, a member of a group of gunmen, turned into a
violent encounter. Two officers were shot by the armed group
resulting to their instantaneous death. Due to this, the team
leader of the arresting team, Inspector Kalmado ordered retreat
to avoid additional casualties. However, another team leader of
the arresting team and the father of the two officers who were
shot, SPOIV Awayero, ordered to, by hook or by crook, arrest the
members of the violent group. Half of the arresting team
retreated, while the other half remained and died. Mission
failed. What principle of the organization was not carried out
properly?
a. Chain of Command
c. Command Responsibility
b. Unity of Command
d. Simplicity
2. The following are the functions of the administrative unit of
the PNP, EXCEPT
a. finance
c. planning
b. personnel
d. investigation
3. When it comes to speed in searching a
capacity ratio between the dog-to-police
a. one (1) is to four (4)
c. one (1)
b. one (1) is to seven (7)
d. one (1)

building, what is
officer?
is to twenty-one (21)
is to twenty-eight (28)

4. Patrol pattern which is conducted not in random but with

definite target location.
a. Clockwise Pattern
c. Freewheeling Pattern
b. Straightway Pattern
d. Counter-Clockwise Pattern
5. What system should be adopted by the deployed officers in
conducting patrol within their beats?
a. Hermes System
c. Buddy-Buddy System
b. Community Oriented Policing System
d. Solar System
6. On what phase does the duty patrol officer accomplish his
Daily Patrol Report?
a. Pre-Deployment Phase
c. Post-Deployment Phase
b. Deployment Phase
d. Formation Phase
7. Refers to the actual restraint of armed person or group
following a high-risk stop.
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a. arrest
b. criminal arrest

c. criminal apprehension
d. high-risk arrest

8. Any person, place, thing, situation or condition which, if

allowed to exist may induce an accident or cause the commission
of crime.
a. Hazard
c. Threat
b. Risk
d. Police Hazard
9. In principle of Command Responsibility, all mistakes of
subordinates are accountable to . . .
a. their superior officers
c. their buddies
b. themselves
d. their deed

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