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National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Department of Laser applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, P.O. Box 12613; 2Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton down, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
Abstract: Gold, silver and platinum nanoparticles were fabricated by a laser-induced breakdown technique of Au, Ag and Pt metal
plates. On the other hand, bimetallic nanoalloys consisting of AuAg and AuPt have been synthesized by irradiation of the prepared
nanoparticles under UV light, which leads to an alloy type of structure. The optical characterization and particle sizes were determined by
using absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Lens F =150mm
B.S.
Nd-YAG
Metal Plate
Power Meter
gradual variation in the gold SPR peak. The spectra are characterized by different positions of the maximum absorption bands depending on the solvent polarity as shown in the figure. Fig. (3) also
shows that the absorption band for Au NPs in water is similar to
that shown by Turkevich [31] (Fig. (2)). It is well known that the
plasmon absorption position of the gold nanoparticles is dependent
on the polarity of the surrounding solvents [32]. The greater the
value of the solvent polarity, the greater the interaction between the
nanoparticles and the solvents, which results in high dispersion of
the particles. This might be due to the fact that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the polar solvent is more favorable than
particle-particle interactions. The results showed red shifts by ~ 69
nm after decreasing the solvent polarity from water (max = 522 nm,
polarity=9) to THF (max = 591 nm, polarity=4) (polarity order H2O
> CTAB > EtOH > THF [33]). In other words the higher the dipole
moment (H2O=1.85 Debye), the higher the particles dispersion and
the lower the dipole moment (THF=1.65 Debye) [34] the lower the
particle dispersion. As shown in Fig. (3), the absorption spectra of
nanoparticles in THF were broad and extended. The broadening of
the spectra may be due to the particle-particle interaction since in
less polar (small dipole moment) solvents the ability of nanoparticles to aggregate is higher than the interaction between the solvent
molecules and the nanoparticles [22]. In the case of the chemical
method, the capping materials might be preventing the nanoparticles from aggregating, unlike those prepared by laser ablation.
Water
(CTAB)
Ethanol
THF
0.2
H2O
Ethanol
3 mL Solvent
193
CTAB
THF
0.1
0.0
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
0.4
0.2
0.0
400
600
800
WAVELENGTH(nm)
0.2
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
400
Wavelength (nm)
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. (4). UV-vis absorption spectra showing (a) a mixture of gold and silver nanoparticles before irradiation and (b) a mixture of gold and silver nanoparticles
after irradiation with a Nd-YAG laser at = 1064 nm.
Fig. (5) TEM images of (a) bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles in water after 1 hr irradiation by Nd-YAG laser at = 1064 nm (b) At high magnification (inset
shows their electron diffraction pattern) The white arrows refers to the same nanoalloy particles before and after magnification.
0.8
0.6
0.4
(a)
Au
AuPt
(b)
0.2
Pt
(c)
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. (6). UV-vis absorption spectra of AuPt nanoparticles prepared by (a), (b) laser ablation and (c) after irradiation.
195
Fig. (7). TEM images of (a) AuPt nanoalloys after 1 hr irradiation by Nd-YAG laser at = 1064 nm. (inset shows their electron diffraction pattern) (b)
HRTEM.
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