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Abstract
Brushless DC motors are widely used in variable speed
drive application. The torque produced by the Brushless
DC (BLDC) motors with trapezoidal back Electromotive
force (BEMF) is constant under ideal condition. However
in practice the torque ripple appears on the delivered
output torque. Smoothness of variable speed drive
operation is critical due to this torque ripple. The
brushless DC motors uses power electronic switches for
the commutation purpose, it creates the Harmonics in
armature current. This paper proposes Cascaded HBridge Multilevel Inverter with current controller used to
reduce the torque ripple and the harmonics. This has
been simulated with the help of PSIM simulation software
and the amount of torque ripple and total harmonic
distortion (THD) are calculated.
I.INTRODUCTION
Brushless DC motors with trapezoidal Back-EMF
have several inherent advantages. Most prominent among
them are high efficiency and high power density due to the
absence of field winding, in addition the absence of brushes
leads to high reliability, low maintenance and high
capability. However in a practical BLDC drive, significant
torque pulsations may arise due to the back emf waveform
departing from the ideal.as well as commutation torque
ripple, pulse width modulation (PWM) switching. Torque
ripple due to the current commutation is caused by the
mismatches between the applied electromotive force and
the phase currents with the motor electrical dynamics. It is
one of the main drawbacks of BLDC drives. These torque
ripples produces noise and degrade speed-control
characteristics especially at low speed. Due the power
electronic commutation, the usage of high frequency
switching of power devices, Imperfections in the stator and
the associated control system. The input supply voltage to
the motor contains various harmonics components. During
its operation, high frequency component present in the
input voltage will cause Electromagnetic Interference
(EMI) problem.
Nowadays researchers are trying to reduce the torque ripple
and harmonic component in the BLDC motor. An active
topology to reduce the torque ripple is synchronous motor
presented in [1]. This paper discusses the hysteresis voltage
II.FUNCTIONAL UNITS
The BLDC Motor requires a power
electronic drive circuit and a commutation system for
its operation. The Fig.1 describes the functional units
present in the drive circuit and the associated
commutation controller for the BLDC Motor. A 4
pole BLDC motor is driven by the inverter for 120
degree commutation. The rotor position can be
sensed by a hall-effect sensor, providing three square
wave signals with phase shift of 120o. These signals
are decoded by a combinational logic to provide the
firing signals for 120o conduction on each of the three
phases. The operation of the system is as follows: as
the motor is of the brushless dc type, the waveforms
of the armature currents are quasi square. These
currents are sensed through current sensors, and
converted to voltage signals. These signals are then
rectified, and a dc component, with the value of the
ceiling of the currents, Imax, is obtained as shown in
Fig.1 This dc signal is compared with a desired
reference Iref, and from this comparison, and error
signal Ierr is obtained. This error is then passed
through a PI control to generate the PWM as shown
in Fig.2 for all the switches of the multi-level inverter
which are sequentially activated by the shaft position
sensor.
296
IV.SIMULATION RESULTS
Various simulations are done using
simulation software for the converter circuit
presented in Fig. 4. The output of the inverter is
given to the BLDC motor. The motor currents are
sensed and it is given to the rectifier and the obtained
value is compared with the reference value and the
error value is processed using PI controller. The
obtained value is compared with the triangular wave
to generate controlled PWM signals. The obtained
pulses are taken from position sensor signals of the
motor to give pulses to the multilevel inverter. Fig. 5
297
Fi
g .6 output of Hall Effect sensors.
298
VII.CONCLUSION
This paper has proposed harmonics and
torque ripples have been reduced using multilevel
inverter with the current controlled technique. The
harmonics content of the voltage and Current for a
BLDC motor is analyzed and the amount of torque
ripple and the THD also calculated. From the
simulated results it is evident that the harmonics
Components at the switching frequency and multiples
of switching frequency are reduced also the torque
ripples are reduced. The main advantage of this
method is it uses one current controller for the three
phases.
REFERENCES
[1] KayhanGulez, Ali Ahmed Adam, and HalitPastaci, Torque
Ripple and EMI Noise Minimization in PMSM Using Active
FilterTopology and Field-Oriented Control, IEEE Trans.
IndustrialElectronics, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 251-256, Jan 2008.
[2] WaelA.Salah, DahamanIshak, Khaleel and J. Hammadi PWM
SWITCHING
STRATEGY
FOR
TORQUERIPPLE
MINIMIZATION IN BLDC MOTOR Journal of
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 62, NO. 3, 2011,
141146
299