Third Law of Newton

The third law says that for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force). Forces are
found in pairs. Think about the time you sit in a chair. Your body exerts a force downward and that chair needs
to exert an equal force upward or the chair will collapse. It's an issue of symmetry. Acting forces encounter
other forces in the opposite direction. There's also the example of shooting a cannonball. When the cannonball
is fired through the air (by the explosion), the cannon is pushed backward. The force pushing the ball out was
equal to the force pushing the cannon back, but the effect on the cannon is less noticeable because it has a much
larger mass. That example is similar to the kick when a gun fires a bullet forward. Or imagine a ball thrown
with a lot of force towards a wall, what will happen?
Energy Around Us
We use the concept of energy to help us describe how and why things behave the way they do. We talk
about solar energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, etc. If you apply a force to an object, you
may change its energy. That energy must be used to do work, or accelerate, an object. Energy is called a scalar;
there is no direction to energy (as opposed to vectors). We also speak of kinetic energy, potential energy, and
energy in springs. Energy is not something you can hold or touch. It is just another means of helping us to
understand the world around us. Scientists measure energy in units called joules.
Active Energy vs. Stored Energy
One ball with potential energy and one ball with kinetic energy. Kinetic and potential energies are found
in all objects. If an object is moving, it is said to have kinetic energy (KE). Potential energy (PE) is energy
that is "stored" because of the position and/or arrangement of the object. The classic example of potential
energy is to pick up a brick. When it's on the ground, the brick had a certain amount of energy. When you pick it
up, you apply force and lift the object. You did work. That work added energy to the brick. Once the brick is in
a higher/new position, we would say that the increased energy was stored in the brick as PE. Now the brick can
do something it couldn't do before; it can fall. And in falling, can exert forces and do work on other objects.
Forces of Attraction
Gravity of the Earth pulls objects towards the center of the planet. Gravity or gravitational forces are
forces of attraction. We're not talking about finding someone really cute and adorable. It's like the Earth pulling
on you and keeping you on the ground. That pull is gravity at work.
Every object in the universe that has mass exerts a gravitational pull, or force, on every other mass. The
size of the pull depends on the masses of the objects. You exert a gravitational force on the people around you,
but that force isn't very strong, since people aren't very massive. When you look at really large masses, like the
Earth and Moon, the gravitational pull becomes very impressive. The gravitational force between the Earth and
the molecules of gas in the atmosphere is strong enough to hold the atmosphere close to our surface. Smaller
planets, that have less mass, may not be able to hold an atmosphere.
All Work and no Play
Work, work, work. You might head off to your job one day, sit at a computer, and type away at the
keys. That's all we do here. Is that work? To a physicist, only parts of it are. Work is done when a force that is
applied to an object moves that object. The work is calculated by multiplying the force by the amount of
movement of an object - (W = F * d). A force of 10 newtons, that moves an object 3 meters, does 30 n-m of
work. A newton-meter is the same thing as a joule, so the units for work are the same as those for energy
joules.

Sitting and looking at a computer screen is not work. Tapping on the keyboard and making the keys
move is work. Your fingers are applying a force and moving the keys. Driving to your job is not work because
you just sit, but the energy your car engine uses to move the car does work. You have to exert a force AND
move something to qualify as doing work.
Holding a box does not require work. Raising the box requires work. Imagine that you are holding a
brick above the ground. Your arm is straight out in front of you and it's pretty tough to hold. Slowly, your arm
gets tired, the brick feels heavier and heavier, and you finally have to stop to let your arm rest. Even though you
put forth a lot of effort to hold the brick up, did you do any work on the brick? Nope. The brick didn't move. No
work was done if no movement happened. If you lifted the brick again after your arm had rested, that would be
work.
How much power can you develop?
You could run up a flight of stairs rapidly or you could climb the same stairs very slowly. Either way,
you do the same amount of work because you apply the same force (equal to your weight) through the same
distance (the height of the stairs.) Power is work per time. That is, if you do the same amount of work in a
shorter time, it takes more power. Two cars might weigh the same and they might climb the same hill, hence
they do the same amount of work. But if one of the cars is a clunkey old car and the other car is a powerful
sports car, the sports car can climb the hill much faster because it has a more powerful engine. In this
experiment we are going to see how many watts of power you can develop.

Finding the force you must exert. Every time you weigh yourself, you are measuring the force that the
earth pulls down on you (this is called your weight) and you are also measuring how hard the scale pushes
upward on the bottoms of your feet. If you weigh 80 pounds, the scale must push upward on you with exactly
80 pounds. Most people find it peculiar that the scale pushes upward on them when they weigh themselves, but
it always will. If you weigh 80 pounds and are standing on the floor, the floor will push up on the bottoms of
you feet with a force of 80 pounds. (This is very hard to understand but it is true--think of pressing the binder
clip against the wall--what must the wall do to the binder clip? Isaac Newton was the first to understand this and
his ideas about action and reaction forces have revolutionized the way we think.) The first thing you must do in
this experiment is to weigh yourself. You will probably have to weigh yourself in pounds but your teacher will
explain how you will convert this to the metric unit of force, the newton. (For example, an 80 pound person will
also weigh 356 newtons, the metric unit of force.)
Computing the amount of power you develop: Power is the amount of work you do divided by the
amount of time it took to do the work P = W x Time . Example the work you do in climbing the stairs is the
force you applied (your weight) times the distance you moved upward (the height of the stairs.)
Source: http://www.physics4kids.com

Answer:
1.What does the third law of Newton tell us?
2. What is the importance of the Third Law of Newton in our daily lives?

3. Why is it so important to know about Energy?

4. What is the difference between active and stored energy? What are their names?
5. What is the importance of knowing about the forces of attraction? How are they applied to our daily lives?
6. Based on the reading how does work affect our daily lives?
7. What is the misconception that we have about work?
8. What is the importance of knowing how much power can things develop?
8. Explain each Law of Newton:
First Law

Second Law

Third Law