PAVEMENT DESIGN LABORATORY REPORT

MODULE J-03
FLASH POINT AND BURNING POINT WITH CLEVELAND OPEN CUP

GROUP 1A
Daniel Andiga Wibisana

1306437076

Jean Baptise Davies

1506796580

Rafitya Rahisa

1306437063

Raihan Alisha Nabila

1306437126

Sabrina Nurul Hidayah

1306437145

Date of Experimental

: November 1st 2015

Experimental Assistant

: Alfisahr Ferdian

Date of Approval

Score

Assistants Signature

LABORATORY OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
DEPOK 2015

I.

OBJECTIVES
This laboratory work is intended to determine flash point and burning point from
all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that has flash point of open
cup less than 79o C.
Flash point is the temperature when there is a flash t seen in a very short time at a
point above the asphalt surface.
Burning point is the temperature when there is a flash seen approximately 5
seconds at a point above the asphalt surface.

II.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Thermometer.

Picture 1. Thermometer

2. Cleveland open cup, which is brass cup with the shape and dimension according to
the picture below.

Picture 2. Cleveland open cup

3. Heating plate, consists of metal, for embedding the Cleveland cup, the upper plate is
entirely covered by asbestos with the thickness of 0.6 cm (1/4).

Picture 3. Heating Plate

4. Heating source, gas burner or electric furnace, or alcohol burner that doesnt produce
smoke or place in the upper part of the cup.
5. Wind barrier, a tool that hold the wind when flash is used as the heater.
6. Flash tester, that can be adjusted and give flash with the diameter of 3.2-4.8 mm with
the cylinder length of 7.5 cm according to picture below.

Picture 4. Flash Tester

III.

SPECIMEN
1. Heat the asphalt sample between 148.9 oC and 176 oC until the water is liquid enough.
2. And then fill the Cleveland cup until it reaches the line and stir until the bubbles are
gone from the liquid surface.

IV.

PROCEDURE

1. Place the cup above the heating plate and adjust the heating source until it is placed
under the middle point of the cup.
2. Place the flash tester with the shaft distance of 7.5 cm from the middle point of the
cup.
3. Place the thermometer perpendicularly inside the specimen with the distance of 6.4
mm above the cup base and located in one line that connects the middle point of the

cup and the shaft point the flash tester. Adjust the thermometer until it is located in the
distance of diameter of the edge of the cup.
4. Place the wind barrier in the front of the flash tester
5. Turn on the heating source and adjust the heat in order to increase the temperature to
(15 1)o C per minute until the specimen reaches the temperature of 56 oC below the
prediction of flash point.
6. Adjust the speed of the heat to 5 oC per minute until 28 oC below the prediction of
flash point.
7. Turn on the flash tester and adjust the diameter of the flash tester so it reaches 3.2 to
4.8 mm.
8. Spin the flash tester so it passes through the cup surface ( from one edge to another
edge of the cup ) in one second. Repeat the work for every increment of 2 oC.
9. Continue the work (6) and (8) until there is a flash seen in a very short time at a point
above the specimen surface. Read the temperature and write it down.
10. Continue the work (9) until there is a flash seen in a longer time approximately 5
seconds above the specimen surface (asphalt). Read the temperature from the
thermometer and write it down

No.

Time (minute)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28

Temperature
(C)
36
42
56
102
184
218
248
268
284
296
308
314
320
324

V.

CALCULATION

Table 1. Temperature and time of burning and flash point

Temperature VS Time
f(x) = 12.47x + 27.3
R = 0.9

Temperature C
0

5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (minute)

Graph 1. The temperature (X10)-oC VS Time in minute(s)

VI.

ANALYSIS
i.

Experiment Analysis
This practicum is intended to determine flash point and burning point
from all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that has flash

point of open cup less than 79o C. Before we did the practicum on Sunday we
did the preparation on Saturday. First we boiled the asphalt sample at some
degrees but according to the module we had to boil it between 148.9 oC and
176 oC until the water is liquid enough. After that we filled the Cleveland cup
until it reached the line and stirred until the bubbles are gone from the liquid
surface. On Sunday the laborer had already set the cup above the heating plate,
heating source, flash tester with the distance of 7.5 cm from the middle point
of the cup. The thermometer had been set to stand perpendicular inside the
specimen above the cup surface and located in one line with the middle point
of cup and surface point of flash tester and the wind barrier was put to
surround the Cleveland cup. The heating source was on and we adjusted the
heat until there was an increment at the temperature. Then we adjusted the
heating speed and turned on the flash tester and adjusted its diameter to be 3.2
to 4.8 mm. In this practicum we waited until there was a flash seen and at
which temperature. Every 2 minutes we had to write the increment
temperature shown on the thermometer and in which time and temperature the
flash and burning point seen and the practicum finished when we saw the
burning point above the surface of the asphalt.

ii.

Result of Analysis

No.

Time (minute)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28

Temperature
(C)
36
42
56
102
184
218
248
268
284
296
308
314
320
324

Table 2. Temperature and time of burning and flash point during experiment

Temperature when there is a flash point: 320 oC

Temperature when there is a burning point: 326 oC
The temperature increases gradually because there was no pause or
stop to decrease the temperature or the room temperature.

Flash point is determined as the lowest temperature where there is a

first flash point seen and the burning point is determined as the temperature
where the specimen get burned.
The minimum temperature of flash point by Bina Marga for asphalt
PEN 40 60 (200 oC) and according to our laboratory work, it passes the
requirement but according to SNI 06-2433-1991 flash point should be seen
between 270o C to 280 oC. The experiment shows that to determine maximum
temperature of asphalt heating so that the asphalt is not burned, its structure
and chemical properties will not change while processing of asphalt heating.
So the asphalt is expected to be adaptable with the condition and climate in an
area.
iii.

Error Analysis
During the experiment we as the participants might have done
something wrong that cant be avoided or tools error could also happen, these
are the error categories:
1. Tools Error
The wind barrier that we used could still break over usage, so it
wouldnt be able to protect flame and the wind breeze.
2. Parallax Error
The thermometer should be clean and the scale has to be legible
clearly. The light in the room during the laboratory work should be
adjustable so when the flash shows up we will be able to see.
3. Participant Error
We might have misread the scale of the temperature, because we didnt
use the magnifying glass.

VII.

CONCLUSION

This laboratory work is intended to determine flash point and burning

point from all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that
has flash point of open cup less than 79o C according to PA-0303-76,
AASHTO T-48-81 and ASTM D -92 -02).

It has purposes to predict the maximum temperature of the heating

asphalt so the asphalt is not burned.

To get the flash and burning point we have some factors, those are
influenced by the adjustment of the flame, the speed of heating and the
accuracy of temperature and time reading.

At the temperature of 320 oC flash point was seen.

At the temperature of 326 oC burning point was seen.

VIII. APPENDIX

Picture 5.Cleveland Cup

IX.

Picture 6. The asphalt is being boiled

Picture 7. Burning Point

REFERENCES
http://sipilworld.blogspot.co.id/2013/02/pengujian-titik-nyala-dan-titik

bakar.html
http://em-ridho.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/laporan-praktikum-pengujian-titik-

nyala.html
Module of Pavement Design Laboratory Work from Civil Engineering
Department, University of Indonesia, Depok