Thailand Energy Projection 2004-2015

12th APEC Clean Fossil Energy Technical and
11th APEC Coal Flow (Policy) Seminar

Cebu, Philippines, January 26 - 29, 2005
Thailand Coal Demand for Power Generation

in 2004 - 2015
Prapas Vichakul
Director-Fuel Management Division
Viroj Sivavong
Chief-Coal Management Department
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Energy Supply and Demand
Energy Security and Policy
Coal Supply and Demand
Environment Responsibility
Conclusions
1. Introduction
After the country has recovered from the economic crisis, the
electricity consumption has grown rapidly
For the year 2004, Thailand Load Forecast Subcommittee
(TLFS) is projection electricity demand and energy generation
requirement will grow by 6.65% and 6.34% in the Moderate
Economic Growth (MEG) scenario
EGAT formulate a new Power Development Plan (PDP 2004)
base on the forecast adjusted by EGAT with respect to the
TLFS forecast
PDP was prepared to assure power availability, affordability
and security over the next 12 year (2004-2015)
2. Energy Supply and Demand

Present Status
Peak demand for fiscal year 2004 reached 19,325.8 MW

on March 30, 2004
Total installed capacity of the system is 25,705.2 MW
1,204.4 MW (6.65%) up from the peak on May 7, 2003
to hit 18,121.4 MW
Total installed capacity = 25,705.2 MW

(As of March 2004)
Gas Turbine and

Diesel Power Plants,
1,148.00 MW (4.47% )
Combined Cycle Power

Plants, 12,533.60 MW
(48.76% )
Renewable Energy ,
122.90 MW ( 0.48% )
EGAT TNB HVDC

Link, 300.00 MW
(1.17% )
Hydroelectric Power
Plants, 3,261.70 MW
(13% )
Thermal Power Plants,

8,339.00 MW
(32.44% )
Load Forecast
Load forecast, of which the MEG case (Peak Cut 500 MW) was
projected based on average annual demand increases of 7.11%,
6.9% and 6.52% in the periods of 2004-2008, 2009-2013 and
2014-2015
Peak demand of fiscal year 2015 was estimated at 40,478 MW
Total EGAT Generation Requirement

Moderate Economic Growth (MEG) load forecast
45,000
350,000
Fiscal Year
2004-2008
2009-2013
2017-2015
30,000
7.11
6.90
6.52
300,000
7.71
6.75
6.42
Peak
250,000
200,000
25,000
20,000
Energy
150,000
15,000
100,000
10,000
50,000
5,000
Fiscal Year
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
0
1991
Peak (MW)
35,000
Average Growth (% )
Peak Energy
Energy (GWh)
40,000

Case : MEG (Peak Cut 500 MW)
Fiscal Year
MW
Peak
Increase
MW
%
GWh
Energy
Increase
MW
%
Load
Factor
(%)
Actual
1991
8,045.00
951.30
13.41
49,225.03
6,036.24
13.98
69.8
1992
8,876.90
831.90
10.34
56,006.44
6,781.41
13.78
72.0
1993
9,730.00
853.10
9.61
62,179.73
6,173.29
11.02
73.0
1994
10,708.80
978.80
10.06
69,651.14
7,471.41
12.02
74.2
1995
12,267.90
1,559.10
14.56
78,880.37
9,229.23
13.25
73.4
1996
13,310.90
1,043.00
8.50
85,924.13
7,043.76
8.93
73.7
1997
14,506.30
1,195.40
8.98
92,724.66
6,800.53
7.91
73.0
1998
14,179.90
-326.40
-2.25
92,134.44
-590.22
-0.64
74.2
1999
13,712.40
-467.50
-3.30
90,413.99
-1,720.45
-1.87
75.3
2000
14,918.30
1,205.90
8.79
96,780.72
6,366.73
7.04
74.1
2001
16,126.40
1,208.10
8.10
103,165.20
6,384.48
6.60
73.0
2002
16,681.10
554.70
3.44
108,389.24
5,224.04
5.06
74.2
2003
18,121.40
1,440.30
8.63
116,743.45
8,354.21
7.71
73.5
839.70
7.00
5,626.54
7.46
Average Growth
1992-2003

Case : MEG (Peak Cut 500 MW)
Fiscal Year
MW
Peak
Increase
MW
%
GWh
Energy
Increase
MW
%
Load
Factor
(%)
Forecast
2004
19,600.00
1,478.60
8.16
126,811.00
10,067.55
8.62
73.9
2005
21,143.00
1,543.00
7.87
136,784.00
9,973.00
7.86
73.9
2006
22,238.00
1,095.00
5.18
147,656.00
10,872.00
7.95
75.8
2007
23,844.00
1,606.00
7.22
158,211.00
10,555.00
7.15
75.7
2008
25,548.00
1,704.00
7.15
169,279.00
11,068.00
7.00
75.6
2009
27,352.00
1,804.00
7.06
180,941.00
11,662.00
6.89
75.5
2010
29,308.00
1,956.00
7.15
193,529.00
12,588.00
6.96
75.4
2011
31,344.00
2,036.00
6.95
206,673.00
13,144.00
6.79
75.3
2012
33,445.00
2,101.00
6.70
220,252.00
13,579.00
6.57
75.2
2013
35,673.00
2,228.00
6.66
234,671.00
14,419.00
6.55
75.1
2014
38,015.00
2,342.00
6.57
249,842.00
15,171.00
6.46
75.0
2015
40,478.00
2,463.00
6.48
265,787.00
15,945.00
6.38
75.0
2004-2008
1,485.32
7.11
10,507.11
7.71
2009-2013
2,025.00
6.90
13,078.40
6.75
2014-2015
2,402.50
6.52
15,558.00
6.42
Average Growth
Power Development Plan for EGAT System

List of Projects for PDP 2004
(Ongoing Project)
Fuel Type 2/
Capacity 3/
(MW)
Total
Capacity
(MW)
Scheduled
Commissioning
Date
Krabi TH #1
Oil
340
340
Feb. 2004
Lan Krabu GT(Moved from Nong Chok)
Gas
122
122
Apr. 2004
Hydro
2 X 250
500
Jun. 2004
IPP (BLCP Power Co.,Ltd. : Rayong) # 1-2
Coal
2 X 673.25
1,346.5
Oct.2006 - Feb.2007
IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd.)1/
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2008
IPP (Ratchburi Power Co.,Ltd.) # 1-2
Gas
2 X 700
1,400
Mar.2008 - Jun.2008
Hydro
920
920
Nov. 2009
Power Plants
Lam Takhong Pumped Storage # 1-2
Purchase from Lao PDR (Nam Theun 2)
Total 5,328.5 MW
List of Projects for PDP 2004

(Future Project)
Fuel Type 2/
Capacity 3/
(MW)
Total
Capacity
(MW)
Scheduled
Commissioning
Date
151.1
151.1
2004 2007
Hydro
(124.7)
(124.7)
2006 2008
SPP (Phase I)
60
60
Jan. 2007
IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd.
700
700
Mar. 2007
Song Khla CC # 1
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2008
South Bangkok CC # 3
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2009
North Bangkok CC # 1
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2009
Bang Pakong CC # 5
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2010
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2011
New Capacity + RPS
3 X 700 + 105
2,205
Mar. 2012
New Capacity + RPS
3 X 700 + 105
2,205
Mar. 2013
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2014
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2015
Power Plants
SPP (Phase II : Renewable)

Renovated Hydro Power Plants
Additional)
Existing Capacity as of December 2003
25,363.0
MW
Total Added Capacity 4/
22,444.6
MW
Total Retired Capacity
-475.0
MW
47,332.6
MW
Grand Total Installed Capacity at the end of 2015
Total 3,711.1 MW
Total 18 Unit,
New Capacity 12,600 MW
RPS
630 MW
PDP 2004 Chart

BLCP 1,346.5 MW
New Capacity 12,600 MW
End of Year 2015

Total installed capacity = 47,333 MW
Total Energy Generation = 265,787 GWh
New Capacity
(83,958 GWh)
31.6%
Hydro
(11,981 GWh)
4.5%
Others
(2,135 GWh)
0.8%
Renewable(SPP+RPS)
(5,175 GWh)
2.0%
Heavy Oil
Imported Coal
(1,613 GWh)
Lignite
(12,378 GWh)
0.6%
(17,251 GWh)
4.6%
6.5%
Natural Gas
(131,295 GWh)
49.4%
Mae Moh Power Plant

(2,400 MW)
BLCP Project
(1,346.5 MW)
3. Energy Security and Policy
To develop 18 units of new power stations (12,600 MW in total

generating capacity) which natural gas is preliminarily assumed
as fuel, to be on line during 2011-2015
If the future gas price should become too volatile in the future
or there is going to be too much gas-based generation in the
system which would be a threat to the system operation and
electricity tariff, EGAT would seek other alternatives such as
imported coal or hydropower in the neighboring countries as
competitive energy sources
more than 50% of power generation in Asia is coal-fired
Source : IEEJ Asia/World Energy Outlook, March 2004
Thailands reliance on coal-fired power is low

indigenous coal resource
more
less
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2000
2020
China
2000
2020
India
2000
2020
2000
Indone sia
Coal
2020
Vie tnam
Oil
2000
2020
Thailand
Natural Gas
2000
2020
Philippine s
Nuclear
Hydro
2000
2020
2000
Malaysia
2020
Japan
2000
2020
Kore a
2000
2020
Taiwan
Other Renewable
Source : IEEJ Asia/World Energy Outlook, March 2004
There is potential for more coal-fired IPPs loger term

New Capacity
MW
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
New Capacity
30,000
Renewable Energy - RPS

EGAT - TNB
25,000
Renewable Energy - SPP
20,000
Gas Turbine and Diesel
15,000
Thermal
Combined Cycle
Hydroelectric
10,000
5,000
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Fiscal Year
4. Coal Supply and Demand
Reserve of coal was estimated around 1,354 million tons in

northern part of Thailand
Highest coal reserve is 1,140 million tons in mae moh mine,
lampang province
Most of coal mines in Thailand are located in the north
Coal producers have been set into 2 groups. first group from
Mae Moh of EGAT. other group from various private companie
Undeveloped resource more than 801 million tons of measured
coal reserve and indicated coal reserve 804 million tons.
The biggest one is in saba yoi basin with 349 million tons of
measured coal
New coal mines difficult to be develop due to NGO intervention
Coal Production Area in Thailand

Mae Moh mine
Coal Potential Area in Thailand

Wiang Haeng basin
Saba Yoi basin
Coal Production in Thailand

Unit : Million Ton
2000
Producer
EGAT
Private Company
Total
2001
2002
2004 1/
2003
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
12.85
78.6
15.70
79.0
14.95
76.8
15.42
85.8
12.43
82.3
3.51
21.4
4.18
21.0
4.51
23.2
2.56
14.2
2.67
17.7
16.36
100
19.88
100
19.46
100
17.98
100
15.10
100
Note: 1/ January-September 2004
Uses of Domestic Coals in Thailand

Unit : Million Ton
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Electricity
13.42
14.13
15.32
15.03
15.60
Cement
3.82
2.54
2.82
3.27
1.65
Paper
0.50
0.31
0.03
0.64
0.52
Fiber
0.32
0.24
0.05
0.21
0.24
Lime
0.03
0.04
0.43
0.10
0.06
0.38
0.65
0.45
0.13
17.64
19.50
19.59
18.20
Others
Total
18.47
Imported coal to Thailand classified by countries

Unit : Million Ton
Country
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 1/
China
0.20
0.13
0.190
0.33
0.13
0.16
Indonesia
2.27
2.63
3.12
3.74
5.66
3.14
Lao
0.18
0.15
0.21
0.14
0.22
0.23
Myanmar
0.07
0.41
0.66
0.64
0.90
0.91
Vietnam
0.47
0.70
0.73
0.74
0.95
0.56
Others
0.04
0.15
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
Total
3.23
4.17
4.94
5.60
7.87
5.01
Fuel Consumption for Power Generation (%)

Fuel Type
Recommend Plan
2003
2004
2010
2015
Hydro
8.7
6.0
6.1
4.5
Natural Gas
71.6
69.2
75.1
49.4
Heavy Oil
1.8
8.4
1.5
0.6
Diesel
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
Lignite
14.7
12.7
8.9
6.5
Imported Coal
2.2
1.9
6.4
4.6
Renewable Energy (Existing)
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.7
EGAT-TNB HVDC Link
0.1
0.6
0.8
0.6
Renewable Energy (RPS) 1/
1.3
New Capacity
31.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total
Coal consumption for coal-fired during 2011-2015

Unit : Million Ton
Coal Consumption
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
15.90
15.94
15.90
15.90
15.90
15.90
15.94
15.90
15.90
15.90
Imported Coal
8.16
14.32
19.60
25.84
32.91
IPP (BLCP)
SPPs 1/
3.40
1.0
3.41
1.0
3.40
1.0
3.40
1.0
3.40
1.0
New Capacity 2/
3.76
9.91
15.20
21.44
28.51
24.06
30.26
35.50
41.74
44.41
Domestic Coal
Mae Moh Power Plants
Total Coal Consumption
Note :
1/ Only coal usage of SPPs for EGATs electricity purchase
2/ New Capacity (12,600 MW) is coal-fired power generation
5. Environment Responsibility
EGAT control Mae Moh power plants generating process to

reduce the SO2 emissions to be within environmental standard
and regulations
Installation FGD system on Mae Moh power plant Unit 4 - 13,
retired Mae Moh power plant Unit 1 3
All generating facilities have been high-efficiency Electrostatic
Precipitator with 99% of lignite fly ash trapping capacity
Installation of a network of air quality monitoring stations
covering the areas of Mae Moh district and nearby areas with
relevant risks
Real-time air quality monitoring system measure concentrations
of emissions from the power plant stacks
In 2003, SO2 emissions from Mae Moh power plant averaged

at only 2-3 tonnes per hour, well below the regulatory
standard limit of 11 tonnes per hour, while the average hourly
concentration level in the ambient air was under 780
micrograms per cubic metre
6. Conclusions
Presently the energy-mix for power generation in Thailand is

over-dependent on gas. Up to year 20062007, there will be
coal-fired power stations of BLCP Project (IPPs) coming on
stream with a total capacity 1,346.5 MW
In long term (2010-2015), if the future gas price is unpredictable
or the gas consumption is excessively too high, EGAT seek
other alternatives such as imported coal or hydropower in the
neighboring countries as the generation option
Environment impact and social perception on coal will play a
dramatic role in power projects.
Public acceptance can be improved when the operation of
existing coal-fired power plants can be shape up good images of
the plants and a communication plan can be properly performed
for new per project
Clean Coal Technology have to be developed to acceptable

level and have to acknowledge the publish to realize how clean
the coal is in the clean coal combustion technologies. CCT is
expected to reduce the negative environmental impact of power
generation
There should be an organization or institution to acknowledge
the publish to realize how clean the coal is in CCT. Otherwise
demand of coal especially for power generation will be
dramatically reduced due to public awareness and perception.
New coal mines in Thailand tends to be difficult to develop due
to NGO intervention. This is the broader opportunity for import
coal to fulfill future demand of the country
Benefit from increased coal utilization are set to encourage and
provide opportunities for existing and new entrepreneurs, both
local and foreign
Thank You
Thailand Coal Demand for Power Generation in 2004 - 2015

Viroj Sivavong
Nattinee Limkitisupasin
Chief-Coal Management Department
Administrative Officer
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Thailand
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Introduction
After the country has recovered from the economic crisis, the electricity
consumption has grown rapidly as a result of an abrupt improvement in all economic sectors.
The progress has also been expected to last for a couple of year and that the electricity demand
will be growing in the same fashion. For the year 2004, the Thai economy is projected to
expand further at a rate similar to that of the preceding year. The Governments policies of
economic stimulating measures should be able to drive up consumption and investment
continuously, despite a few unfavorable external factors such as unstable world economies,
fluctuating oil prices and concerns over persisting terrorism. According to the latest projection
prepared by the Thailand Load Forecast Subcommittee in January 2004, the countrys
electricity demand and energy generation requirement for the year 2004 will grow by 6.65%
and 6.34%, in the moderate economic growth scenario. Therefore, EGAT formulate a new
PDP which was dubbed the PDP 2004, base on the forecast adjusted by EGAT with respect to
the January 2004 forecast.
Coal plays an important role in power generation and other industries. The
trend of coal consumption in Thailand has show slightly increased although all new
development projects as fuel encounter environmentally and difficulty progressing the project.
Two coal-fired power stations of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have been postponed
and changed fuel type to gas. Even such environmentally and difficulty processing of the coal
project, policy have been given to use coal for power generation as much as possible because
of fuel diversification, security of supply and relatively low fuel cost. To encourage the use of
coal in Thailand, a good understanding of how environmental friendly the current clean coal
technology is needed to be acknowledged to all the concerned sector.
This paper has a purpose to analyze the role of coal on Thailand energy security.
Of course, coal does not help directly improve energy security. But, through reducing gas
dependency, coal contributes to establish more stable energy supply system.
2. Energy Supply and Demand

2.1 Present Status
The highest demand for fiscal year 2004 reached 19,325.8 MW on 30 March
2004. This new record was 1,204.4 MW (6.65%) up from the peak demand of the last fiscal
year which was registered on 7 May 2003 to hit 18,121.4 MW. Meanwhile, the total installed
capacity of the system is 25,705.2 MW.
As of March 2004, the total generating capacity of Thailand was 25,705.2 MW
consisting of 3,261.7 MW (12.7%) hydroelectric power plants, 8,339.0 MW (32.4%) thermal
power plants, 12,533.6 MW (48.7%) combined cycle power plants, 1,148.0 MW (4.5%) gas
turbine and diesel power plants, 122.9 MW (0.5%) renewable energy and 300 MW (1.2%)
EGAT TNB HVDC link. Of this amount, 15,150.8 MW (58.9%) was owned and operated by
EGAT while 10,554.4 MW (41.1%) was purchased from private sectors and neighboring
countries.
2.2 Load Forecast
The actual peak demand of fiscal year 2003 was 18,121.4 MW which was 278.4
MW over the forecast that The Thailand Load Forecast Subcommittee (TLFS) announced in
August 2003 (17,843 MW). Coupled with the Governments measures to boost the countrys
economy, it is likely that the electricity demand after 2003 will increase at a higher rate than
earlier expected. The TLFS, therefore, issued a new load forecast in January 2004, of which
the Moderate Economic Growth (MEG) case was projected based on average annual demand
increases of 7.5%, 6.8% and 6.4% in the periods of 2004-2008, 2009-2013 and 2014-2015,
respectively. The maximum demand of fiscal year 2015 was estimated at 40,978 MW as
shown in Table 1.
Table 1 : Total EGAT Generation Requirement

Fiscal Year
MW
Peak
Increase
MW
%
Energy
Increase
MW
%
GWh
Load
Factor
(%)
Actual
1991
8,045.00
951.30
13.41
49,225.03
6,036.24
13.98
69.8
1992
8,876.90
831.90
10.34
56,006.44
6,781.41
13.78
72.0
1993
9,730.00
853.10
9.61
62,179.73
6,173.29
11.02
73.0
1994
10,708.80
978.80
10.06
69,651.14
7,471.41
12.02
74.2
1995
12,267.90
1,559.10
14.56
78,880.37
9,229.23
13.25
73.4
1996
13,310.90
1,043.00
8.50
85,924.13
7,043.76
8.93
73.7
1997
14,506.30
1,195.40
8.98
92,724.66
6,800.53
7.91
73.0
1998
14,179.90
-326.40
-2.25
92,134.44
-590.22
-0.64
74.2
1999
13,712.40
-467.50
-3.30
90,413.99
-1,720.45
-1.87
75.3
2000
14,918.30
1,205.90
8.79
96,780.72
6,366.73
7.04
74.1
2001
16,126.40
1,208.10
8.10
103,165.20
6,384.48
6.60
73.0
2002
16,681.10
554.70
3.44
108,389.24
5,224.04
5.06
74.2
2003
18,121.40
1,440.30
8.63
116,743.45
8,354.21
7.71
73.5
839.70
7.00
5,626.54
7.46
Average Growth
1992-2003
Forecast
2004
19,600.00
1,478.60
8.16
126,811.00
10,067.55
8.62
73.9
2005
21,143.00
1,543.00
7.87
136,784.00
9,973.00
7.86
73.9
2006
22,238.00
1,095.00
5.18
147,656.00
10,872.00
7.95
75.8
2007
23,844.00
1,606.00
7.22
158,211.00
10,555.00
7.15
75.7
2008
25,548.00
1,704.00
7.15
169,279.00
11,068.00
7.00
75.6
2009
27,352.00
1,804.00
7.06
180,941.00
11,662.00
6.89
75.5
2010
29,308.00
1,956.00
7.15
193,529.00
12,588.00
6.96
75.4
2011
31,344.00
2,036.00
6.95
206,673.00
13,144.00
6.79
75.3
2012
33,445.00
2,101.00
6.70
220,252.00
13,579.00
6.57
75.2
2013
35,673.00
2,228.00
6.66
234,671.00
14,419.00
6.55
75.1
2014
38,015.00
2,342.00
6.57
249,842.00
15,171.00
6.46
75.0
2015
40,478.00
2,463.00
6.48
265,787.00
15,945.00
6.38
75.0
Average Growth
2004-2008
1,485.32
7.11
10,507.11
7.71
2009-2013
2,025.00
6.90
13,078.40
6.75
2014-2015
2,402.50
6.52
15,558.00
6.42
Thailand Load Forecast Subcommittee

April 2004
2.3 The Power Development Plan (PDP 2004) for the EGAT System
To obtain the least cost solution as the final result, EGAT has examined a
number of alternative generate under the allowable technical and economic constrains. The
main features of the PDP 2004 are as follows.
2.3.1) To develop 18 units of new power stations (12,600 MW in total
generating capacity) which natural gas is preliminarily assumed as fuel, to be on line during
2011 - 2015. Nevertheless, if the future gas price should become too volatile in the future or
there is going to be too much gas-based generation in the system which would be a threat to the
system operation and electricity tariff, EGAT would seek other alternatives such as imported
coal or hydropower in the neighboring countries as competitive energy sources.
It is
recommendable that EGAT be granted the right to construct half of the total capacity additions
at the cost which is competitive with the private sector. This is to guarantee that the electricity
price will be easily regulated and monitored which would in turn create fairness to both the
general public and the industry.
2.3.2) To purchase an addition of 700 MW electricity from Gulf Power
Generation Co., Ltd. by March 2007.
2.3.3) A 700 MW combined cycle power plant in Songkhla Province will be
connected to the grid by 2008 to serve the demand in the Southern region.
2.3.4) To construct new combined cycle blocks at the following sites, i.e.,
North Bangkok, South Bangkok and Bang Pakong for commissioning by 2009, 2009 and 2010,
respectively. The plant capacity could be either 700 or 800 MW depending on the market
supply and technology development at the time of bidding.
2.3.5 The power import from Nam Theun 2 Hydro Power Plant will be
available to the EGATs system in 2009.
2.3.6 To renovate hydro power plats which have been in operation for a long
time, especially at Ubon Ratana Dam, Sirindhorn Dam, Chulabhorn Dam, Nam Phung Dam
and Kang Kachan Dam.
2.3.7 To include 630 MW of renewable energy during 2011 - 2015 to comply
with the strategy on energy. The strategy on energy will require 5 % of the future capacity
(from 2011 onwards) to be generated with renewable energy (Renewable Portfolio Standard
RPS).
List of projects with their commissioning dates are shown in Table 2
Table 2 : List of Projects for PDP 2004 (Year 2004-2015)

Fuel Type 2/
Capacity 3/
(MW)
Total
Capacity
(MW)
Scheduled
Commissioning
Date
Krabi TH #1
Oil
340
340
Feb. 2004
Lan Krabu GT(Moved from Nong Chok)
Gas
122
122
Apr. 2004
Hydro
2 X 250
500
Jun. 2004
Coal
2 X 673.25
1,346.5
Oct.2006 - Feb.2007
IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd.)
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2008
IPP (Ratchburi Power Co.,Ltd.) # 1-2
Gas
2 X 700
1,400
Mar.2008 - Jun.2008
Hydro
920
920
Nov. 2009
151.1
151.1
2004 2007
Hydro
(124.7)
(124.7)
2006 2008
SPP (Phase I)
60
60
Jan. 2007
IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd. Additional)
700
700
Mar. 2007
Song Khla CC # 1
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2008
South Bangkok CC # 3
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2009
North Bangkok CC # 1
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2009
Bang Pakong CC # 5
Gas
700
700
Mar. 2010
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2011
New Capacity + RPS
3 X 700 + 105
2,205
Mar. 2012
New Capacity + RPS
3 X 700 + 105
2,205
Mar. 2013
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2014
New Capacity + RPS
4 X 700 + 140
2,940
Mar. 2015
Ongoing Project
Power Plants
Lam Takhong Pumped Storage # 1-2

IPP (BLCP Power Co.,Ltd. : Rayong) # 1-2
1/
Purchase from Lao PDR (Nam Theun 2)

SPP (Phase II : Renewable)
Renovated Hydro Power Plants
Existing Capacity as of December 2003
25,363.0
MW
Total Added Capacity 4/
22,444.6
MW
Total Retired Capacity
-475.0
MW
47,332.6
MW
Grand Total Installed Capacity at the end of 2015

Note : 1/ Under negotiation
2/ Recommended fuel for new capacity is natural gas, while alternative fuel sources are imported coal
and hydroelectric.
3/ The unit size of new capacity is initially assumed to be 700 MW. Hower, it can be changed to 800 MW,
once the technology is commercially available.
4/ Addition of 175 MW renewable capacity during 2008-2010.
2.4 Projection of Future install capacity

According to the PDP2004, net additional capacity of 22,444.6 MW (consisting
of new power plants, RPSs, SPPs minus retired projects) during the interval of 2004 - 2015
will be installed into the national power system. Combined with the existing 25,442 MW
installed capacity (as of December 2003), the national power system will possess the total
installed capacity of 26,372 MW 37,443 MW and 47,332.6 MW at the end of 2006, 2011 and
2015 respectively.
At the end of 2015, the total generating capacity of Thailand was 47,332.6 MW
consisting of 4,682.0 MW (9.9%) hydroelectric power plants, 9,211.0 MW (19.5%) thermal
power plants, 18,458.0 MW (39.0%) combined cycle power plants, 1,027.0 MW (2.2%) gas
turbine and diesel power plants, 426.0 MW (0.9%) renewable energy : SPP, 300.0 MW (0.6%)
EGAT-TNB HVDC link, 630 MW (1.3%) renewable energy : RPS, and 12,600.0 MW (26.6%)
New Capacity. (show details in figure 1-4)
Energy Generation in 2003 classified by Type of Fuel

Total Generation = 116,743 GWh.
Installed Capacity = 25,422 MW.
Imported Coal
(2,526 GWh)
2.2%
Lignite
(17,134 GWh)
14.7%
Renewable (SPP)
(1,103 GWh)
0.9%
O the rs
(150 GWh)
0.1%
Hydro
(10,180 GWh)
8.7%
He avy O il
(2,150 GWh)
1.8%
Natural Gas
(83,500 GWh)
71.6%
Figure 1 : Present Status of Installed Capacity & Fuel Supply in 2003

Installed Capacity = 26,372 MW.
Renewable(SPP) Others
(1,179 GWh) (6,118 GWh)
Imported Coal
0.8%
4.2%
Hydro
(2,460 GWh)
(7,604 GWh)
Lignite 1.7%
5.1%
(16,622 GWh)
11.3%
Heavy Oil
(17,306 GWh)
11.7%
Natural Gas
(96,369 GWh)
65.3%
Figure 2 : Project of Installed Capacity & Fuel Supply in 2006

Installed Capacity =37,443 MW.
Others
(2,190 GWh) New Capacity
Renewable(SPP+RPS)
(11,728 GWh)
1.0%
(2,600 GWh)
5.7%
Hydro
1.3%
Imported Coal
(12,057 GWh)
(12,378 GWh)
6.0%
Lignite
(17,315 GWh)
8.4%
Heavy Oil
(2,756 GWh)
1.3%
5.8%
Natural Gas
(145,648GWh)
70.5%
Figure 3 : Projection of Installed Capacity & Fuel Supply in 2011

Installed Capacity =47,333 MW.
New Capacity
(83,958 GWh)
31.6%
Hydro
(11,981 GWh)
4.5%
Others
(2,135 GWh)
0.8%
Renewable(SPP+RPS)
(5,175 GWh)
2.0%
Imported Coal
Lignite
(12,378 GWh)
(17,251 GWh)
4.6%
6.5%
Natural Gas
(131,295 GWh)
49.4%
Heavy Oil
(1,613 GWh)
0.6%
Figure 4 : Projection of Installed Capacity & Fuel Supply in 2015
3. Energy Security and Policy

The amount of fuel required for power generation as per PDP2004 classified by
fuel types is summarized in Table 3.
Table 3 : Portion of Fuel Consumption in Electricity Generation
(Recommended Plan)
Unit : %
PDP 2004
Fuel Type
2003
2004
2010
2015
Hydro
- EGAT
- Myanmar/Laos/China
8.7
6.6
2.1
6.0
4.0
2.0
6.1
2.4
3.7
4.5
1.7
2.8
Natural Gas
- EGAT
- EGCO
- RATCH
- IPP (Existing)
- SPP
- Gulf (Additional)
71.6
27.4
10.0
16.0
10.0
8.2
0.0
69.2
25.6
9.7
15.0
11.5
7.4
0.0
75.1
30.8
6.2
12.0
17.9
5.5
2.7
49.4
20.5
3.5
7.2
12.4
4.0
1.8
Heavy Oil
- EGAT
- RATCH
1.8
1.8
0.0
8.4
6.2
2.2
1.5
1.5
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
Diesel
- EGAT
- EGCO & IPP
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
Lignite
14.7
12.7
8.9
6.5
Imported Coal
- IPP
- SPP
2.2
0.0
2.2
1.9
0.0
1.9
6.4
5.0
1.4
4.6
3.6
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.7
EGAT-TNB HVDC Link
0.1
0.6
0.8
0.6
1.3
31.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Renewable Energy (RPS)

New Capacity
Total
1/
Note : 1/ Biomass, wind energy, solar, hydro and small scaled hydro power plants
4. Coal Supply and Demand

4.1 Overview
For decades in Thailand, coal, as an important alternative source of energy has
been used for power generation. Coal was firstly mined in 1900 at Bang Poo Dam, in Krabi
province, southern Thailand. But, the mine lasted within 7 years. History of coal mining in
Thailand seemed to commence in 1955 when Mae Moh, the largest open-pit coal mine in SE
Asia was started up by EGAT in Lampang province, northern Thailand. Coal of this mine has
long-time served the nation for electricity generation.
Most coals in Thailand have been found in intermundane basins of Tertiary age.
Due to containing commonly high in ash and moisture content, Thai coals are low in heating
average. Based on ASTM classification, they are ranked as either lignite or sub-bituminous.
Coals of many basins in Thailand are found to be high in sulfur content. Less than 1% of
excavated coals in Thailand ranked anthracite. These coals have been found as thin, folded
bed in complex carboniferous strata.
Now coal will still be a future fuel for Thailand, not only because of plenty
available, but cheaply in cost. Even blames on its environmental adverse quality but with
innovated technology dirty coal can be used friendly and safely plausible.
4.2 Coal Reserves
Since 1987 the Exploration & Assessment Project (CEP) set under Mineral
Fuels Division, has assessed the coal resources throughout Thailand in more than 70 Tertiary
basins. The works carried-out covered detailed-geology investigation, high-resolution seismic
reflection survey and drilling with well logging. Most of coal is classified in Lignite - Sub
bituminous and only few in Anthracite. Disclosed by mining data an ultimate remaining reserve
of coal was estimated around 1,354 million tons in 16 districts in northern part of Thailand.
The highest coal reserve is 1,140 million tons in Mae Moh Mine, Lampang Province. The
details of coal reserves as shown in Table 4.
4.3 Undeveloped Resources
The explored data from the Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) found 30 coal
deposits, which were measured coal reserve 801 million tons and indicated coal reserve 804
million tons. For many years of exploration, DMF compiled and computed data as resource
more than 801 million tons of measured coal reserve and indicated coal reserve 804 million
tons. The biggest one is in Saba Yoi basin with 349 million tons of measured coal as shown in
Table 5.
Table 4 : Coal Reserves of Thailand

Unit : Million Tons
Basin Name
Location
(Province)
Reserves
Coal Rank
Produced
Remaining
Age
Status
Northern Region
Mae Moh
Lampang
235
905
Lignite-Sub bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Li
Lamphun
35.88
NA
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Mae Than
Lampang
17.47
18.34
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Na Hong
Chiang Mai
2.38
NA
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Chiang Muan
Phayao
1.69
2.0
Sub bituminous-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Bo Luang
Chiang Mai
1.27
NA
Sub bituminous-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Mae Lamao
Tak
1.25
0.38
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Mae Teep
Lampang
0.91
10.09
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Suspended
Mae Tun
Tak
0.32
0.90
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Suspended
Phetchaburi
1.21
0.51
Lignite-Bituminous
Tertiary
Suspended
Krabi
Krabi
9.20
110.80
Lignite-Sub bituminous
Tertiary
Active
Kantang
Trang
0.10
NA
Lignite
Tertiary
Suspended
Na Duang
Loei
0.154
NA
Anthracite
Pre-Tertiary
Suspended
Na Klang
Udon Thani
0.006
NA
Anthracite
Pre-Tertiary
Suspended
Central Region
Nong Ya Plong
Southern Region
Northeastern
Region
Total Reserve
Note : NA, data not available
306.84
1,048.02
Figure 7: Coal Production Area in Thailand
Table 5 : Coal Resources of Thailand

Unit : Million Tons
Basin Name
Province
Measured
Indicated
349.860
254.890
Coal Rank
Saba Yoi
Songkhla
Wiang Haeng
Chiang Mai
93.019
34.124
Lignite to Sub-bituminous
Sin Pun
Nakhon Si Thammarat
91.060
16.428
Ngao
Lampang
48.186
50.690
Mae Ramat
Tak
37.540
72.170
Chiang Muan
Phayao
25.275
17.989
Mae Tha
Lampang
22.487
55.065
Chae Hom-Muang Pan
Lampang
16.186
41.047
Mae Lamao
Tak
15.575
46.366
10
Khian Sa
Surat Thani
15.411
40.000
11
Nong Phlub
Prachuap Khirikhan
10.520
2.786
12
Hang Chat
Lampang
10.320
28.260
13
Phan
Chiang Rai
9.810
26.610
Lignite
14
Wang Nua
Lampang
9.012
21.160
15
Umphang-Pala Tha
Tak
8.053
19.236
16
Bung Sam Phun
Petchabun
6.850
NA
17
Mae Chaem
Chiang Mai
6.080
16.040
18
Serm Ngam
Lampang
5.730
12.040
19
Nong Ya Plong
Petchaburi
4.452
12.256
Lignite to Bituminous
20
Kantang
Trang
3.420
10.260
21
Phob Phra
Tak
2.330
7.040
22
Mae Chang
Lampang
2.009
5.003
23
Mae Jai
Phayao
1.790
5.360
Lignite
24
Wichian Buri
Petchabun
1.650
2.620
25
Phrae
Phrae
1.612
0.403
26
Na Sai
Lamphun
1.310
5.270
Lignite
27
Fang
Chiang Mai
1.120
NA
28
San Pa Tong
Chiang Mai
0.500
NA
29
Bo Salee
Chiang Mai
0.432
0.667
Sub-bituminous
30
Pai
Mae Hong Son
0.174
0.366
801.773
804.146
Total
Lignite
Lignite to Bituminous
Note : NA, data not available

Measured coal refers to the amount in the radius of 200 m of an exploratory well.
Indicated coal refers to the amount in the adjacent annulus of 200-400 m apart.
Figure 8 : Coal Potential Area in Thailand
4.4 Coal Production

Most of coal mines in Thailand are located in the north. The types ranged from
lignite to bituminous. Mainly the lignite produced from the mines are low in quality as well as
in heating value, approximately 2,500 4,000 Kcal/Kg (GAR) with high quantity of sulphur,
approximately 3-5%. Most of it were produced from Mae Moh mine for power generation at
Mae Moh power plants. Apart from this, coal were produced from various private companies in
Thailand with better quality of heating value approximately 2,800 4,500 Kcal/Kg (GAR) and
low sulfur about 1-3%
At the present time the coal producers have been set into 2 groups. The first
group is coal producers from Mae Moh of EGAT. As for the other group, the coal was
produced from the mines that various private companies owned in Thailand for their clients in
the industrial group (about 6-8 of them). The biggest private coal company in Thailand is
Banpu Company followed by Lanna Resources Company and Siam Cement Company. Mostly
the mine owned by Siam Cement produces coal for its own business. There are other small coal
producers which are Chieng Muan Mine Company, Siam Carbon Company etc. At the moment
the coal reserves in various areas of these coal companies are low in quantity. A prediction in
this matter indicated that the production of coal will be able to operate not longer than the next
2-3 years. The amount of coal production in Thailand separated by group of producer is shown
in Table 6.
Table 6 : Coal Production during 1999-2004
Unit : Million Tons
Producer
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004 1/
2003
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
Quantity
EGAT
12.02
70.4
12.85
78.6
15.70
79.0
14.95
76.8
15.42
85.8
12.43
82.3
Private
Company
5.05
29.6
3.51
21.4
4.18
21.0
4.51
23.2
2.56
14.2
2.67
17.7
17.07
100
16.36
100
19.88
100
19.46
100
17.98
100
15.10
100
Total
4.5 Coal Utilization

4.5.1) Domestic Coal
Main use of coal in Thailand is electricity generation. Long as decades,
indigenous coal has been fired at the EGATs mine-mouth power plants. Coal was produced
around 18 million tons in 2003 and domestically uses about 18.2 million tons per year, for
power generaion 85.7 %, cement industry 9.1 % paper industry 2.6 % and others 2.7 %,
respectively.
Table 7 : Uses of Domestic Coals in Thailand during 1999-2004
Unit : million tons
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Electricity
13.42
14.13
15.32
15.03
15.60
Cement
3.82
2.54
2.82
3.27
1.65
Paper
0.50
0.31
0.03
0.64
0.52
Fiber
0.32
0.24
0.05
0.21
0.24
Lime
0.03
0.04
0.43
0.10
0.06
0.38
0.65
0.45
0.13
17.64
19.50
19.59
18.20
Others
Total
18.47
4.5.2) Imported Coal

Due to lower calorific value of domestic coal, higher calorific coal from outside
is thus necessarily imported every year. Thailand imported coal in 2003 at volume of 7.87
million tons, or 28.8 % higher than of 2002. This exceeding 7 million tons record was
probably due to the economic recovery. Most of the import was primarily used in cement
industry. Because of containing higher calorific, imported bituminous and other coals as fuels
were suitable to blend with Thai coal for cement manufacturing. Bituminous was, thus, the
top of the import list and remarkably increased recently.
New coal mines in Thailand tends to be difficult to develop due to NGO
intervention. The main reason of no coal mine refers to possible environmental adverse. This
is the broader opportunity for import coal to fulfill future demand of the country.
According to the statistics of imported coal in the past 6 years (1999-2004), the
countries which mainly supplied coal for Thailand for various types of industries are Indonesia,
Lao, Myanmar and Vietnam. Apparently, these countries have their share of coal market in
Thailand more than 95% of the grand total of imported coal in each year (especially Indonesia,
this country holds largest coal market share of 60-75% in Thailand). The rest of the shares less
than 5% of imported coal is from China and briquettes from Taiwan, Japan etc.
The types of imported coal are anthracite, bituminous and coke & semi coke.
The coal imported in the early years was over 90% bituminous. As for other types of coal
which are anthracite sub-bituminous and coke, in the past couples of years, the total quantity
imported was less than 10%. Then the ratio of imported bituminous has become lower
gradually at the average of 8-10%of the total quantity imported. At the same time the demand
of imported sub-bituminous would increase at the average of ratio close to the lowered
bituminous. This is the cause of the increase in demand of sub-bituminous in those cement
industrial group in Thailand in the recent years. These sub-bituminous were imported from Lao
and Myanmar with much more lower price than bituminous. The import of anthracite from
Vietnam is tend to increase consecutively due to the increase of usage for NPS (They are power
plants in SPPs group). Moreover some of anthracite has also been use as a try for cement
manufacturing. As for the imported coke from China Taiwan and Japan to be used in steel
Industry is tend to be continuously decreased in demand since 2541, the statistics according to
this matter is shown in Table 8 and Table 9.
Table 8 : Import of Coal to Thailand during 1999-2004 Classified by Countries
Unit : Million Tons
Country
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 1/
China
0.20
0.13
0.190
0.33
0.13
0.16
Indonesia
2.27
2.63
3.12
3.74
5.66
3.14
Lao
0.18
0.15
0.21
0.14
0.22
0.23
Myanmar
0.07
0.41
0.66
0.64
0.90
0.91
Vietnam
0.47
0.70
0.73
0.74
0.95
0.56
Others
0.04
0.15
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
3.23
4.17
4.94
5.60
7.87
5.01
Total
Table 9 : Import of Coal to Thailand during 1999-2004 Classified by Type of Coal

Unit :Million Tons
Coal Type
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 1/
Anthracite
0.11
0.17
0.23
0.58
0.53
0.23
Bituminous
2.22
2.39
2.80
3.57
5.35
2.92
Coke&
Semi-Coke
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.05
Subbitumonous
0.82
1.54
1.85
1.38
1.93
1.81
Total
3.23
4.17
4.94
5.60
7.87
5.01
4.6) Current Coal Demand for Electricity Generation

At present the most of the coal demand in Thailand is mainly for power
generating industry with high ratio of 70-75% of the total coal demand in Thailand (this total
demand is from coal production Thailand which also included the import).The lower rate of
coal demand is in cement industry in the ratio of 20-25% and the rest about 5% of the total coal
demand is for other smaller industries respectively.
The situation in coal demand for power generating industry between the
resources in Thailand and the imported coal will be at the ratio of 90 : 10. This ratio is only for
the use of Mae Moh power plants and for the SPPs. But in the future, if the IPPs are able to
operate power generation as planned and the coal demand meets the expected plan, the ratio of
coal usage will then become 70 : 30 (this is due to the total usage of imported coal of the IPPs)
The estimation of coal demand for power generating is shown in table 10.
Table 10 : Coal Consumption for Power Generation in Thailand

Producer
EGAT
IPP (BLCP) 1/
Capacity
Coal Usage
(MW)
(Million Tonnes)
2,400
15-16
1,346.5
3.4
Imported Coal (bituminous) from

Indonesia, Australia
2.1
Imported Coal - 95% (anthracite &

bituminous-sub bituminous from
Vietnam, Indonesia etc.)
(2 unit@ 673.25)
SPPs
868.2
Coal Sources
Domestic Coal (Lignite) from Mae

Moh Mine, Lampang
Domestic coal - 5% (sub-bituminous

from private coal producer)
Total
4,614.7
20.5-21.5
Note : 1/ Ongoing project (Schedule commissioning in 2007)
4.7) Projection of Coal Demand for New Power Plants in 2011-2015

In the long term (2010 onwards), the major fuel indicated in PDP2004 is natural
gas. A portion of 76.1% of the total energy generation in 2010 will be from natural gas, and it
will go up to 81.0% in 2015. This proportion obviously dominates other fuel usage and
implies that the countrys power supply fully depends on natural gas, which is contrary to the
fuel diversify principle. This principle states that a system should not rely too much on one
particular fuel to avoid instability of system reliability and electricity tariff.
However, if the future gas price is unpredictable or the gas consumption is
excessively too high, EGAT has devised an alternative PDP as a way out which reckons
domestic coal-fired power plants and foreign hydroelectric power plants as the generation
option. This leaves gas and coal to be the main fuel mix for power generation. The use of
imported coal with the stable prices and abundant supply is complementary to domestic gas, as
it would optimize the development and usage of domestic gas resources.
Policies and
strategies have been developed to ensure continuous supply of coal at competitive prices.
The amount of fuel required for power generation as per PDP2004 classified by
fuel types is summarized in Table 11. And the amount of coal required for new power plants in
2011-2015 is forecasted in Table 12.
Table 11 : Portion of Fuel Consumption in Electricity Generation during 2011-2015

(Alternative Plan)
Unit : %
PDP 2004
Fuel Type
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Hydro
5.9
5.5
5.2
4.8
4.5
Natural Gas
70.9
64.7
60.2
55.3
50.2
Heavy Oil
1.3
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.6
Diesel
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0. 7
EGAT-TNB HVDC Link
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.8
1.1
1.3
80.4
73.6
68.8
63.6
58.2
Coal Demand
1) Lignite
8.4
7.9
7.4
6.9
6.5
2) Imported Coal
- IPP
- SPP
6.0
4.7
1.3
5.6
4.4
1.2
5.3
4.1
1.2
5.0
3.9
1.1
4.7
3.7
1.0
3) New Capacity 2/
(Imported Coal)
5.2
12.9
18.5
24.5
30.6
Total (Imported Coal

Consumption)
11.2
18.5
25.9
31.4
35.3

(Domestic & Import)
19.6
26.4
31.2
36.4
41.8
Grand Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Renewable Energy (RPS)
1/
Total
Note : 1/ Biomass, wind energy, solar, hydro and small scaled hydro power plants
2/ New capacities are coal-fired thermal power plants
The alternative plan of PDP 2004, the fuel for new power plants will be change
from natural gas to imported coal. The portion of natural gas consumption for electricity
generation in 2011 is 70.9% of the total energy, and it will decrease to 60% and 50% of the
total energy generation in 2013 and 2015, respectively. In the other hand the portion of
imported coal consumption will be increase 5.2% to 11.2% of the energy generation in 2011
and will go up rapidly to 25.9% and 35.3% in 2013 and 2015 respectively.
And the use of fuel coal imported for new power plants planed are expected that
the portion of imported coal will be highly increase. By the year 2011 imported coal will be
increase 3.76 million tons to 8.1 million tons and dramatically expanded in year 2013 and 2015
to 19.6 million tons and 32.9 million tons respectively.
This fuel coal consumption is estimated by comparing with imported coal

consumed by BLCP power plants. In practically, the quantity coal consumed for new power
plants could be vary from estimated due to difference factors such a heating value, plant
efficiency or even advance technology in the future.
Table 12 : Forecasted of Coal Consumption for Coal-fired thermal Power Plants
during 2011-2015
Unit : Million Tons
Coal Consumption
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
15.90
15.94
15.90
15.90
15.90
15.90
15.94
15.90
15.90
15.90
Imported Coal
8.16
14.32
19.60
25.84
32.91
IPP (BLCP)
SPPs 1/
3.40
1.0
3.41
1.0
3.40
1.0
3.40
1.0
3.40
1.0
New Capacity 2/
3.76
9.91
15.20
21.44
28.51
24.06
30.26
35.50
41.74
44.41
Domestic Coal
Mae Moh Power Plants

(Domestic& Imported Coal)
Note : 1/ Only coal usage of SPPs for EGATs electricity purchase.

2/ Forecasted from the imported coal usage of BLCP.
5. Environment Responsibility
To maintain its leadership of a respected organization and value-based corporate
governance, EGAT gives a very high priority to continual improvement of environmental
management to prevent and control environmental impacts and social repercussions caused by
its operations and activities. The improvement of EGATs environmental management in
every step of its operations - power development, generation, transmission and other associated
activities, to the internationally accepted standards, provides assurance that EGAT can continue
to operate with high efficiency and responsibility. In addition, EGAT has encouraged public
participation process by which the public and potentially affected stakeholders can
meaningfully participate in EGATs processes of environmental implementation and
monitoring programme aimed to prevent and control adverse environmental impacts. EGAT
also strives for the fair sharing of mutually beneficial outcomes from the project development
through community development and quality of life improvement in a sustainable manner.
EGAT and all agencies concerned joined by implementing measures to control
Mae Moh power plants generating process to reduce the SO2 emissions to be within
environmental standard and regulations. The control measures included the installation of the
flue gas desulfurization system on Mae Moh power plant Unit 4 - 13, retired Mae Moh power
plant Unit 1 - 3, Installation of a network of air quality monitoring stations covering the areas
of Mae Moh district and nearby areas with relevant risks, and putting in place the real-time air
quality monitoring system to measure concentrations of emissions from the power plant stacks.
In 2003, SO2 emissions from Mae Moh power plant averaged at only 2 - 3 tonnes per hour,
well below the regulatory standard limit of 11 tonnes per hour set for Mae Moh power plant,
while the average hourly concentration level in the ambient air was under 780 micrograms per
cubic metre.
In addition, EGAT has regularly implement measures to control dust from Mae
Moh power plant and mine complex. All generating facilities have been equipped with highefficiency electrostatic precipitator with 99% of lignite fly ash trapping capacity.
The
collected fly ash has been sold to private companies for various users. In 2003, a total of 1.5
million tonnes of lignite fly ash were sold, reflecting EGATs successful researches on the
utilization of lignite fly ash which have led to wide-spread use of lignite by-products for
several activities. Other dust control measures included the utilization of the conveyor belt
system for handling the overburden, lignite, fly ash and gypsum, as well as the moisture control
for lignite, fly ash and gypsum. As a result, the volumes of dust in the vicinity decreased
markedly.
6. Conclusions
6.1 Presently the energy-mix for power generation in Thailand is overdependent on gas. To supplement gas, coal has been identified as a viable additional and
alternative fuel source for the future. UP to the year 2006 2007, there will be coal-fired
power stations of BLCP Project (IPPs) coming on stream with a total capacity of 1,346.5 MW
and coal consumption of about 4 mtpa.
6.2 In the long term (2010 onwards), if the future gas price is unpredictable or
the gas consumption is excessively too high, EGAT has devised an alternative PDP as a way
out which reckons domestic coal-fired power plants as the generation option.
6.3 Public acceptance can be improved when the operation of existing coalfired power plants can be shape up good images of the plants and a communication plan can be
properly performed for new per project.
6.4 The mandatory clean coal technology is expected to reduce the negative
environmental impact of power generation. Combining energy efficiency efforts, conservation
investments, continued fuel supply diversification, technology and capabilities are the
challenges in ensuring the sustainability of coal utilization.
6.5 The energy development plans in Thailand aims at sustainable development
through the integration of the 3E (economic development, environment protection and energy
security). Coal if balanced into the energy mix will provide the strategy to balance between
adequate, secure energy supplies, economic growth and protection of the environment.
6.6 New coal mines in Thailand tends to be difficult to develop due to NGO
intervention. The main reason of no coal mine refers to possible environmental adverse. This
is the broader opportunity for import coal to fulfill future demand of the country.
6.7 Coal is abundant and price-competitive, therefore, the outlook of coal in
Thailand will still be relatively prosperous in the future.
6.8 The benefit from increased coal utilization are set to encourage and
provideopportunities for existing and new entrepreneurs, both local and foreign.
..

Thailand Energy Projection 2004-2015

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Thailand Energy Projection 2004-2015

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12th APEC Clean Fossil Energy Technical and

11th APEC Coal Flow (Policy) Seminar

Thailand Coal Demand for Power Generation

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand

2. Energy Supply and Demand

Peak demand for fiscal year 2004 reached 19,325.8 MW

Total installed capacity = 25,705.2 MW

Gas Turbine and

Combined Cycle Power

EGAT TNB HVDC

Thermal Power Plants,

Total EGAT Generation Requirement

Total EGAT Generation Requirement

Total EGAT Generation Requirement

Power Development Plan for EGAT System

Lan Krabu GT(Moved from Nong Chok)

IPP (BLCP Power Co.,Ltd. : Rayong) # 1-2

IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd.)1/

IPP (Ratchburi Power Co.,Ltd.) # 1-2

Lam Takhong Pumped Storage # 1-2

Purchase from Lao PDR (Nam Theun 2)

List of Projects for PDP 2004

IPP (Gulf Power Generation Co.,Ltd.

New Capacity + RPS

New Capacity + RPS

New Capacity + RPS

New Capacity + RPS

New Capacity + RPS

SPP (Phase II : Renewable)

Existing Capacity as of December 2003

Total Added Capacity 4/

Total Retired Capacity

Grand Total Installed Capacity at the end of 2015

PDP 2004 Chart

New Capacity 12,600 MW

End of Year 2015

Mae Moh Power Plant

3. Energy Security and Policy

To develop 18 units of new power stations (12,600 MW in total

more than 50% of power generation in Asia is coal-fired

Source : IEEJ Asia/World Energy Outlook, March 2004

Thailands reliance on coal-fired power is low

Source : IEEJ Asia/World Energy Outlook, March 2004

There is potential for more coal-fired IPPs loger term

Renewable Energy - RPS

Renewable Energy - SPP

Gas Turbine and Diesel

4. Coal Supply and Demand

Reserve of coal was estimated around 1,354 million tons in

Coal Production Area in Thailand

Coal Potential Area in Thailand

Saba Yoi basin

Coal Production in Thailand

Note: 1/ January-September 2004

Uses of Domestic Coals in Thailand

Imported coal to Thailand classified by countries

Note: 1/ January-September 2004

Fuel Consumption for Power Generation (%)

Renewable Energy (Existing)

EGAT-TNB HVDC Link

Renewable Energy (RPS) 1/

Coal consumption for coal-fired during 2011-2015

Total Coal Consumption