Heat Exchanger

Appendix F -63
F.10 SIZING AND COSTING FOR HEAT EXCHANGER

HeatExchanger,X5
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Heatexchangerorientation
Tubeinletdirection
Numberofparallelplate
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
a)Equipmentsizing
2shelland4tubes
Splitringfloatinghead
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Ng
Steam
11666.670
Stream
Tin(K)
shell
Steam
tube
NG
617.60
330.86
Tout(K)
579.55
607.25
T1
T2
t2
t1
T1=inlettemperaturetoshell
T2=outlettemperaturefromshell
t1=inlettemperaturetotube
t2=outlettemperaturefromtube
T1(oC) =
344.10
T2(oC) =
306.40
t1(oC) =
57.71
t2( C) =
334.10
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
=
0.138
(eqn.12.6)
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
=
0.964
(eqn.12.7)
Ftcanbeobtainedfromfig12.19(vol.6),
Ft=
0.8900
Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen
Appendix F -64
Tlm can be calculated from the equation,
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
(eqn.12.4)
74.9681
Therefore,theactualtemperaturedifferenceis
FtTlm=
66.7216
Assumption:(Table12.1,'Chem.Eng',Vol.6)
U
454.264 W/(C.m2)
Provisionalareaofheatexchanger,Acanbeobtainedtroughtheformulae,
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
384.9216 m2
4143.2620 ft2
b)Tuberating(App.5.2,TranportProcesses)
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
18
2.44
Outerdiameter,Dto(mm)
19.05
Innerdiameter,Dti(mm)
16.56
16.3
MaterialThermalConductivity(W/m.K)
Heattransferareaofatube,At
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
Areaofonetube,At(m2)
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
2636
Tubepitchisthedistancebetweentubecentresandformulatedas
Appendix F -65
Pt =1. 25D to
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
FromTable12.4,ChemicalEngineering,Vol.6(1stEdition)
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Thebundlediameter,Db
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
Bundlediameter,Db(mm)
1269.1683
FromChemicalEngineering,Vol.6(figure12.10)
Shellbundleclearance(mm)
72
ForSplitringfloatinghead,
Ds=Db+shellbundleclearance
Shellinternaldiameter,Ds(m)
1.3412
c)Tubesidecoefficient
Meantemperature(K)
Tmean=(Tc.in+Tc,out)/2
Meantemperature(K)
469.0550
Tubecrosssectionalarea,At
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
215.4105 mm2
659
Totalflowarea(m2),AT
A T = N t At
0.1420
Appendix F -66
Massflowrate(insidetube),m
10.1183
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
71.2794 kg/m2.s
Physicalpropertiesofthetubesidefluid
PhysicalpropertiesofWater
water density, t
1015.2654 kg/m3
Viscosity of water, tL
7.94E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
4.1717236904 kJ/kg.K
Thermalconductivity,ktf
0.0948882897 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
linearvelocity,u(m/s)
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
0.0702
1486.072
34.9211
147.3430
Fromfigure12.23,ChemicalEngineering,Vol.6
Heattransferfactor,jh
0.0035
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient,hi
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
96.26738 W/m2.C
(assumingviscosityofthefluidisidenticalatthewallandofthebulkfluid)
d)Tubesidepressuredrop
Fromfigure12.24'ChemicalEngineering'.Vol.6
Appendix F -67
frictionfactor,jf
0.0030
Tubesidepressuredrop,Pt
2
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / Dti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
where m = 0.25 for laminar flow, Re<2100
m = 0.14 for turbulent flow, Re>2100
Np = number of tube side passes
Tubesidepressuredrop,
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
0.0302 kPa
e)Shellsidecoefficient
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
1.3412 m
Baffle Spacing , l B =0. 9Ds
Baffle Diameter= Ds 0.0016

Bafflespacing,lB
1.2071 m
1.3396 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.3238 m2
Shellsidemassvelocity,Gs
G s w s / As
Massflow(insideshell),Ws
204583 kg/hr
175.5206 kg/s.m2
Shellsideequivalentdiameter,De
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -68
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Tmean=(Tshell.in+Tshell.out)/2
Meantemperature(C)
598.5750
Physicalpropertiesofshellfluid(lighthydrocarbon)
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
3.9318 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
3.3589E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.6068251014 kJ/kg.K
Thermalconductivity,ksf
0.1718 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
2989.010
0.5096
Selecting15%forbafflecut
HeatTransferFactor,jh
0.0100
Shellsideheattransfercoefficient,hs
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
303.966 W/m2.C
f)Shellsidepressuredrop
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0800
44.6413 m/s
Appendix F -69
Shell side presure drop, Ps
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
26979084.0816 Pa
Shell side presure drop,

Ps
(acceptable)
26979.0841 kPa
g)OverallCoefficient
Outsidefluidfilmcoefficient,hs,W/m2.oC
303.966
Insidefluidfilmcoefficient,hi,W/m . C
2 o
96.26738
Outsidedirtcoefficient(foulingfactor),hod,W/m . C
5000
Insidedirtcoefficient,hid,W/m . C(fromTable12.2,vol.Six)
5500
Thermalconductivityofthetubewallmaterial,kw,W/m.oC
16.3
2 o
2 o
Tubeinsidediameter,Dti,m
0.01656
Tubeoutsidediameter,Dto,m
0.01905
Overallheattransfercoefficientcanbecalculatedbyusingtheformula
1
1 1 d to ln ( d to / d ti ) d to 1 d to 1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0157305122
63.5707208245 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -70
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Shellandtube
384.9216
CarbonSteel
5.07bar
Material
FeedPressure
WithreferencetocostingmethodproposedbyL.T.Biegler,
BaseCost,C
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
BareModuleCost,BMC
BMC =BC ( C )MF

MaterialsandPressureCorrectionFactor,MPF
MPF=Fm ( F p + F d )
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
For100<S<10000ft2,
Co
5000
So
400
a
0.65
UF
3.219048
4143.26
22850.9134
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
242,006.407
919,624.348
Appendix F -71
HeatExchanger,X11
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
organicsolvents
methanol
3321.390
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
methanol
tube
organicsolvent
300.15
284.15
294.15
289.79
T1
t2
T2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
1.064
(eqn.12.6)
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
S=
0.353
Ft=
0.9800
(eqn.12.7)
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Appendix F -72
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
(eqn.12.4)
Tlm=
10.1789
FtTlm=
9.9754
U
900 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
369.9549 m2
3972.9842 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
18
2.44
19.05
16.56
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
2533
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
Appendix F -73
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
1246.5656
78
1.3246
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
286.9700
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
215.4105 mm2
633
A T = N t At
Fluidvelocity,f
0.1364
166.1064
kg/hr
Appendix F -74
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
1217.4888 kg/m2.s
Physicalproperties
density, t
838.4112 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
5.15E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.5453121354 kJ/kg.K
0.579725796 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
1.4521
39166.029
3.1481
147.3430
0.0037
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
7406.777 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0034
Appendix F -75
u s
m
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
(eqn.12.20)
11.5054 kPa
Pt
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
1.3246 m
Baffle Spacing , l B =0. 9D s

Bafflespacing,lB
1.1921 m
1.3230 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.3158 m2
G s w s / As
720925.4752 kg/hr
634.1155 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
Meantemperature(C)
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -76
Meantemperature(C)
297.1500
Physicalpropertiesofshellfluid
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
799.8603 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
5.1581E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
3.6981344329 kJ/kg.K
0.6155 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
16662.361
3.0990
0.0055
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
6057.223 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
0.7928 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0630
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
Appendix F -77
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )

Ps
(eqn.12.26)
1495229.0275 Pa
(acceptable)
1495.2290 kPa
6057.223
Insidefluidfilmcoefficient,hi,W/m2.oC
7406.777
Outsidedirtcoefficient(foulingfactor),hod,W/m2.oC
5000
Insidedirtcoefficient,hid,W/m2.oC(fromTable12.2,vol.Six)
5500
Thermalconductivityofthetubewallmaterial,kw,W/m. C
16.3
0.01656
0.01905
1 1 1 d to ln (d to / d ti ) d to 1 d to 1
= + +
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0008114158
1232.4136954376 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
=C)(S/0
BMC=()F
MPF=m(p+d)
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -78
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Shellandtube
369.9549
CarbonSteel
24bar
Material
FeedPressure
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC (C )MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
3972.98
22236.0146
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$235,494
894,878
Appendix F -79
HeatExchanger,X13
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Splitringfloaringhead
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Methanolrecovered
LightHydrocarbon
3057.170
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
shell
LightHydrocarbon
tube
Methanol
573.15
290.15
548.97
295.97
Tout(K)
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
4.155
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.021
Ft=
1.0000
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
267.8952
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -80
FtTlm=
267.8952
U
400 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
28.5295 m2
307.0894 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
14
2.44
19.05
14.83
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
195
Pt =1. 25D to
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
TriangularpitchK1
(2passes)n
23.8125
0.249
2.207
Appendix F -81
(eqn.12.3b)
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )1 / n
390.3703
57
0.4474
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(K)
293.0600
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
172.7542 mm2
49
A T = N t At
0.0084
142.3730
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
Methanolmassvelocity,f
16873.2532 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -82
Methanol density, t
803.3824 kg/m3
Viscosity of Methanol, tL
5.11E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.6895113236 kJ/kg.K
0.6089021669 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
uDti
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
Cp
E.G.linearvelocity,u(m/s)
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
21.0028
489687.564
3.0963
164.5314
0.0030
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient,hi(W/m2.C)
87584
frictionfactor,jf
0.0021
2
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
(eqn.12.20)
Appendix F -83
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
1865.5276 kPa(acceptable)
Shelldiameter,Ds
0.4474 m
Baffle Spacing , l B = 0. 9D s
Baffle
diameter
Baffle Diameter= Ds 0 . 0016

Bafflespacing,lB
0.4026 m
0.4458 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.0360 m2
G s w s / As
204584.6683 kg/hr
1577.4795 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
Meantemperature(C)
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Appendix F -84
Meantemperature(C)
561.0600
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
8.3574 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.2178E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.9545313606 kJ/kg.K
0.1169 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
(eqn.12.24)
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
41756.754
0.3079
0.0040
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
Shellsideheattransfercoefficient,hs(W/m2.C)
978.2222
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
188.7524 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0590
k f j h RePr
h s=
De
1/3
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
k f j h RePr
h s=
De
1/3
0 . 14
Appendix F -85
( )
1794482930.0673 Pa(acceptable)

Ps
1794482.9301 kPa
978.2222
87584
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01483
0.01905
1
1
1 d to ln ( d to / d ti ) d to 1 d to 1
= +
+
+
+
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
(eqn.12.1)
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.0016401723
Uo=
609.6920328552 W/m2.C(acceptable)
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Material
FeedPressure
Shellandtube
28.5295
CarbonSteel
24bar
Appendix F -86
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C =C 0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC ( C ) MF
UF
3.219048
MPF= Fm ( F p + F d )
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
307.09
4210.6888
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$44,594
169,457
Appendix F -87
HeatExchanger,X16
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Water
lighthydrocarbon
12112.210
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
LightHC
tube
Water
548.97
364.25
453.15
373.15
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
10.766
(eqn.12.6)
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
S=
0.048
Ft=
1.0000
(eqn.12.7)
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -88
Tlm=
127.4583
FtTlm=
127.4583
U
500 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
190.0576 m2
2045.7633 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
18
2.44
19.05
16.56
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
1302
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
Appendix F -89
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
2.207
(2passes)n
(eqn.12.3b)
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )1 / n
921.8256
70
0.9918
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
368.7000
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
215.4105 mm2
325
A T = N t At
0.0701
326.2381
kg/s
Appendix F -90
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
4654.5408 kg/m2.s
density, t
1015.2654 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
7.94E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
4.1715617374 kJ/kg.K
0.6155814452 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
4.5846
97040.408
5.3827
147.3430
0.0032
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
20116.7
Appendix F -91
frictionfactor,jf
0.0028
2
u s
m
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
(eqn.12.20)
123.7765 kPa(acceptable)
Pt
Shelldiameter,Ds
0.9918 m
Baffle
diameter
Baffle Diameter= Ds 0. 0016

Bafflespacing,lB
0.8926 m
0.9902 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.1771 m2
G s w s / As
206584.6683 kg/hr
324.0801 kg/s.m2
Appendix F -92
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
501.0600
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
8.2657 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.7348E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.3602862855 kJ/kg.K
0.0933 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
5518.890
0.4391
0.0090
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
260.998
Appendix F -93
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
39.2078 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0770
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
55360755.6653 Pa((acceptable)

Ps
55360.7557 kPa
260.998
2 o
20116.7
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
2 o
0.01656
0.01905
1 1 1 d to ln(d to / d ti ) d to 1 d to 1
= + +
+ +
U o h s hod
2k w
d ti hid d ti hi
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -94
=C)(S/0
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.0044005603
Uo=
227.2437919956 W/m2.C
BMC=()F h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
MPF=)+(dpm
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Shellandtube
190.0576
CarbonSteel
24bar
Material
FeedPressure
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC ( C )MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
2045.76
14443.9845
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$152,971
581,291
Appendix F -95
HeatExchanger,X18
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
LightHydrocarbon
LightHydrocarbon
333.960
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
Shell
LightHC
tube
LightHC
358.15
330.62
353.15
331.19
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
8.772
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.021
Ft=
0.9900
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
24.6788
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -96
FtTlm=
24.4320
U
300 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
45.5632 m2
490.4386 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
12
2.44
19.05
13.51
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
312
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -97
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
482.6161
58
0.5406
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
330.9050
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
143.3695 mm2
78
A T = N t At
0.0112
165.3786
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v
massvelocity,f
=m / A T
14787.7565 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -98
Physicalproperties
density, t
838.8251 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
5.16E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.5427474082 kJ/kg.K
0.5803266637 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
uD ti
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
17.6291
387037.550
3.1512
180.6070
0.0030
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
72842.92 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0020
2
u s
m
P s =N p [8 j f (L /D ti )( ) +2. 5 ]
w
2
(eqn.12.20)
P s =N p [8 j f (L /D ti )( )m+2. 5 ] s
w
2
Appendix F -99

Pt
1405.0723 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
0.5406 m

Bafflespacing,lB
0.4866 m
0.5390 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.0526 m2
G s w s / As
95470.78911 kg/hr
504.1011 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
355.6500
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -100
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
8.3574 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.2178E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.9545313606 kJ/kg.K
0.1169 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
13209.823
0.3079
0.0057
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
440.9838 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0660
60.3179 m/s
Appendix F -101
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
172611790.8049 Pa

Ps
(acceptable)
172611.7908 kPa
440.9838
2 o
72842.92
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01351
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.0029698341
Uo=
336.7191412722 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
C=)(S/0
Costing
BMC=()F Type
Shellandtube
Area(m )
2
Material
MPF=)+(dpmFeedPressure
45.5632
CarbonSteel
24bar
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -102
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C =C 0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC ( C ) MF
UF
3.219048
MPF= Fm ( F p + F d )
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
490.44
5708.3554
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$60,455
229,730
Appendix F -103
HeatExchanger,X21
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
OrganicSolvents
LightHydrocarbon
18412.370
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
LightHC
tube
organicsolvent
623.15
299.36
483.15
330.62
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
4.479
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.097
Ft=
0.9900
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
233.9635
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -104
FtTlm=
231.6238
U
350 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
227.1216 m2
2444.7164 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
14
2.44
19.05
14.83
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
1555
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -105
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
999.3252
72
1.0713
Meantemperature(K)
Tmean=(TK.in+TK,out)/2
Meantemperature(K)
314.9900
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
172.7542 mm2
389
A T = N t At
0.0672
166.1370
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
2473.2820 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -106
Physicalproperties
density, t
838.4112 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
5.15E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.5453121354 kJ/kg.K
0.579725796 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
2.9500
71252.324
3.1481
164.5314
0.0033
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
13419.93 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0029
Appendix F -107
2
u s
m
P s =N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
46.0903 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
1.0713 m
Baffle Spacing , l B = 0. 9Ds

Bafflespacing,lB
0.9642 m
1.0697 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.2066 m2
G s w s / As
204584.0255 kg/hr
275.0769 kg/s.m2
De=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -108
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
553.1500
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
6.0172 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
2.3856E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.4104009125 kJ/kg.K
0.1416 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
7228.068
0.4062
0.0070
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
393.3391 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0720
45.7151 m/s
Appendix F -109
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )

Ps
(eqn.12.26)
48784382.0918 Pa
(acceptable)
48784.3821 kPa
393.3391
2 o
13419.93
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01483
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0032412991
308.5182732742 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
C=)(S/0
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -110
Costing
BMC=()F Type
Shellandtube
Area(m2)
227.1216
CarbonSteel
23bar
Material
FeedPressure
MPF=)+(dpm
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC ( C )MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
2444.72
16217.3365
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$171,752
652,659
Appendix F -111
HeatExchanger,X25
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Methanol
NaturalGases
1088.150
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
NaturalGases
tube
Methanol
429.30
295.97
387.57
298.04
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
20.159
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.016
Ft=
1.0000
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
110.2436
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -112
FtTlm=
110.2436
U
300 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
32.9014 m2
354.1476 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
14
2.44
19.05
14.83
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
(ft2)
1.5718
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
225
Pt =1. 25D to
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -113
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
416.4211
55
0.4714
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
297.0050
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
172.7542 mm2
56
A T = N t At
0.0097
143.4985
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
14746.8378 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -114
Physicalproperties
density, t
814.0675 kg/m3
Viscosity of E.G, tL
5.30E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.6632887656 kJ/kg.K
0.6095936878 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
18.1150
412575.610
3.1854
164.5314
0.0028
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
69599.49 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0019
Appendix F -115
2
u s
m
P s =N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
1335.9295 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
0.4714 m
Baffle Spacing , l B=0. 9D s

Bafflespacing,lB
0.4243 m
0.4698 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.0400 m2
G s w s / As
40225.6368 kg/hr
279.3250 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1 2
( p z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -116
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
408.4350
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
1.9887 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.8326E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.9956912165 kJ/kg.K
0.0745 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
7127.829
0.7367
0.0075
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
266.2769 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0730
140.4561 m/s
Appendix F -117
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )

Ps
(eqn.12.26)
267886243.7284 Pa
(acceptable)
267886.2437 kPa
266.2769
2 o
69599.49
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01483
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0043771889
228.4571256926 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
C=)(S/0
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -118
Costing
=
C
M
B
FType
()
Shellandtube
Area(m2)
32.9014
CarbonSteel
24bar
Material
FeedPressure
=
F
P
M
(dpm
)+
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC (C )MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
354.15
4619.5617
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$48,924
185,912
Appendix F -119
HeatExchanger,X26
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Methanol
Water
1107.710
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
shell
Water
tube
Methanol
358.15
298.04
Tout(K)
349.12
300.15
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
4.280
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.035
Ft=
1.0000
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
54.4668
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -120
FtTlm=
54.4668
U
500 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
40.6747 m2
437.8190 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
14
2.44
19.05
14.83
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
279
Pt =1. 25D to
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -121
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
458.4250
72
0.5304
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
299.0950
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
172.7542 mm2
70
A T = N t At
0.0120
143.3087
kg/s
Appendix F -122
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
E.Gmassvelocity,f
11912.7959 kg/m2.s
Physicalproperties
density, t
814.0675 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
5.30E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.6632887656 kJ/kg.K
0.6095936878 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
uD ti
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
14.6337
333286.982
3.1854
164.5314
0.0029
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
frictionfactor,jf
0.0020
58231.88 W/m2.C
Appendix F -123
2
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
894.7384 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
0.5304 m
Baffle Diameter= Ds 0 .0016

Bafflespacing,lB
0.4774 m
0.5288 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.0506 m2
G s w s / As
109113.8792 kg/hr
598.4902 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -124
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
353.6350
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
965.3964 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
5.8331E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
4.1817378916 kJ/kg.K
1.1730 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
15272.299
2.0794
0.0055
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
9275 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0650
0.6199 m/s
Appendix F -125
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
2624542.4541 Pa

Ps
(acceptable)
2624.5425 kPa
9275
2 o
58231.88
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01483
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.0007331192
Uo=
1364.0346495463 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Material
FeedPressure
Shellandtube
40.6747
CarbonSteel
1.01325bar
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -126
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C =C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC ( C ) MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
437.82
5302.4006
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$56,156
213,393
Appendix F -127
HeatExchanger,X28
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
OrganicSolvents
Water
5635.519
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
shell
Water
tube
organicsolvent
349.12
289.79
Tout(K)
303.15
299.36
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
4.804
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.161
Ft=
0.9600
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
27.6817
FtTlm=
26.5745
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -128
U
600 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
353.4419 m2
3804.4172 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
16
2.44
19.05
15.75
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5718
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
2420
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -129
(eqn.12.3b)
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )1 / n
1221.0397
78
1.2990
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
294.5750
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
194.8531 mm2
605
Totalflowarea(m ),AT
2
A T = N t At
0.1179
166.2194
kg/hr
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
1409.7780 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -130
Physicalproperties
density, t
838.8215 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
5.16E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.5427474082 kJ/kg.K
0.5803266637 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
1.6807
43015.675
3.1512
154.9206
0.0036
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
8333.3 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0033
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
u 2s
m
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2

(eqn.12.20)
Appendix F -131
Pt
15.6139 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
1.2990 m

Bafflespacing,lB
1.1691 m
1.2974 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.3038 m2
G s w s / As
109113.8792 kg/hr
99.7838 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
326.1350
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -132
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
965.3964 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
5.8331E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
4.1834076276 kJ/kg.K
1.1730 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
2614.806
2.0803
0.0130
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
3753.935 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
0.1034 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0850
k f j h RePr
h s=
De
1/ 3
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
Appendix F -133
42201.6211 Pa

Ps
(acceptable)
42.2016 kPa
3753.935
8333.3
5000
5500
16.3
0.01575
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.0009426041
Uo=
1060.8908096623 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Material
FeedPressure
Shellandtube
353.4419
CarbonSteel
25.7bar
BaseCost,C
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -134
BareModuleCost,BMC
BMC =BC ( C )MF

Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
For100<S<10000ft2,
Co
5000
So
400
a
0.65
UF
3.219048
3804.42
21618.1387
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$228,951
870,012
Appendix F -135
HeatExchanger,X29
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
lighthydrocarbon
naturalgases
2437.400
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
NaturalGases
tube
LightHydrocarbon
387.57
284.15
294.15
333.15
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
1.907
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.474
Ft=
0.8000
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
26.2197
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -136
FtTlm=
20.9758
U
300 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
387.3361 m2
4169.2514 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
16
2.44
19.05
15.75
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5587
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
2652
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -137
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
1272.7693
77
1.3498
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
308.6500
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
194.8531 mm2
663
A T = N t At
0.1292
4.5877
Fluidvelocity,f
massvelocity,f
kg/s
v f =m / A T
35.5055 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -138
Physicalproperties
density, t
2.6873 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
8.10E06 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
10.8426291636 kJ/kg.K
0.1432749949 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uDti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
13.2123
69081.032
0.6126
154.9206
0.0038
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
2031.431 W/m2.C
frictionfactor,jf
0.0035
Appendix F -139
2
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
3.2077 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
1.3498 m

Bafflespacing,lB
1.2148 m
1.3482 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.3279 m2
G s w s / As
40225.6368 kg/hr
34.0729 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Baffle
diameter
Appendix F -140
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
340.8600
Physicalpropertiesofshellfluid(stream)
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
1.9887 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.8326E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
2.9956912165 kJ/kg.K
0.0745 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
56934.549
0.7367
0.0025
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
708.9748 W/m2.C
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0500
17.1332 m/s
Appendix F -141
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )

Ps
(eqn.12.26)
1334974.4710 Pa
(acceptable)
1334.9745 kPa
708.9748
2 o
2031.431
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01575
0.01905
1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0025589571
390.7841929138 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -142
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Shellandtube
387.3361
CarbonSteel
5.07bar
Material
FeedPressure
BaseCost,C
For100<S<10000ft2,
C=C0 ( S / S0 )
Co
5000
BareModuleCost,BMC
So
400
a
0.65
BMC =BC (C )MF
UF
3.219048
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
4169.25
22943.9805
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$242,992
923,370
Appendix F -143
HeatExchanger,X30
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)
1shelland2tubes
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
OrganicSolvent
Methanol
1044.601
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell
Methanol
tube
OrganicSolvent
294.15
263.15
292.26
284.15
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
0.090
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.677
Ft=
0.9800
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
17.8860
FtTlm=
17.5283
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -144
U
450 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Q
UT lm
Provisionalarea,A
132.4336 m2
1425.5029 ft2
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
Carbonsteel
16
2.44
19.05
15.75
16.3
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
0.1460
1.5587
(ft2)
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
Numberoftube,Nt
A
At
907
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
TriangularpitchK1
0.249
(2passes)n
2.207
Appendix F -145
(eqn.12.3b)
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
782.6410
73
0.8556
Meantemperature(K)
Meantemperature(K)
273.6500
ti2
4
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
194.8531 mm2
227
Totalflowarea(m ),AT
2
A T = N t At
0.0442
4.5877
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
massvelocity,f
103.8450 kg/m2.s
Appendix F -146
Physicalproperties
density, t
2.6873 kg/m3
Viscosity, tL
8.10E06 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
10.8426291636 kJ/kg.K
0.1432749949 W/m.K
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
uD ti
Cp
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
38.6429
202045.508
0.6126
154.9206
0.0030
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
4690.6177761291
frictionfactor,jf
0.0023
2
u s
m
P s =N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
(eqn.12.20)
Appendix F -147

21.4710 kPa
Pt
Shelldiameter,Ds
(acceptable)
0.8556 m
Baffle
diameter

Bafflespacing,lB
0.7701 m
0.8540 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.1318 m2
G s w s / As
720925.4752 kg/hr
1519.6103 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
293.2065
Appendix F -148
Physicalpropertiesofshellfluid(stream)
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
799.8603 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
5.1581E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Csp
3.6981344329 kJ/kg.K
0.6155 W/m.K
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=G s D e /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
2539213.908
3.0990
0.0008
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
134265.25076058
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
frictionfactor,jf
0.0320
1.8998 m/s
Appendix F -149

1/ 3
k f j h RePr
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.26)
6319096.4457 Pa

Ps
(acceptable)
6319.0964 kPa
134265.25076058
2 o
4690.6177761291
2 o
5000
5000
16.3
2 o
0.01575
0.01905
1
1 1 d to ln (d to / d ti ) d to 1 d to 1
= +
+
+ +
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
0.000818373
Uo=
1221.9366306095 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Costing
Type
Area(m2)
Material
FeedPressure
Shellandtube
132.4336
CarbonSteel
5.07bar
(eqn.12.1)
Appendix F -150
BaseCost,C
C=C0 (S/ S0 )
BareModuleCost,BMC
BMC =BC ( C )MF

For100<S<10000ft2,
Co
5000
So
400
a
0.65
UF
3.219047619
Totalarea(ft2)
Basecost,C($)
Modularfactor,MF
Designfactor,Fd
Pressurefactor,Fp
Materialfactor,Fm
MPF
Baremodulecost($)
Baremodulecost(RM)
1425.50
11421.1619
3.29
1.0 (Floatinghead)
0
1 (CS/CS)
1
$120,958
459,639
Appendix F -151
Heater X-34
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)(Q)
Splitflowshelland2tubes
FixedandUTube
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
Organicsolvent
Steam
12935.46000
a)Equipmentsizing
shell(t)
Steam
tube(T)
Organic
solvent
Tin(K)
523.15
331.19
Tout(K)
423.15
353.15
Stream
T1
T2
t2
t1
T1=inlettemperaturetotube
T2=outlettemperaturefromtube
t1=inlettemperaturetoshell
t2=outlettemperaturefromshell
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
4.5537340619
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
S=
0.1144
Ftcanbeobtainedfromeqn12.8(vol.6),
Ft=
0.976
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
Appendix F -152

T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
(eqn.12.4)
127.0090
Tm = FtTlm =
124.0151
U
800 W/(C.m2)
Provisionalareaofheatexchanger,Acanbeobtainedtroughtheformula,
lm
Q
UT lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Provisionalarea,A=
130.3819 m2
1403.4194 ft2
=
b)Tuberating(FromApp.5.
2,TranportProcesses
by,ChristieJ.Geankoplis)
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
StainlessSteel
16
4.88
19.05
15.75
44.0
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
Areaofonetube,At(m )=
2
(ft2)=
0.2921
3.1437
Appendix F -153
Numberoftube,Nt
N t=
A
At
Numberoftube,Nt
446
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
FromTable12.4,ChemicalEngineering,Vol.6(1stEdition),page523
Triangularpitch
K1
0.249
(2passes)
n
2.207
Pt
1/ n
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )
(eqn.12.3b)
567.6654
60
0.62767
Meantemperature(C)
Tmean=(TH.in+TH,out)/2
Meantemperature(C)
342.1700
Appendix F -154
ti2
At=
194.8531 mm2
Tubeperpass=Nt
223
A T = N t At
0.0434941
216.6034
kg/s
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
Fluidmassvelocity,f
4980.0634 kg/m2.s
Physicalpropertiesofthetubesidefluid(simulationresult)
Physicalpropertiesoforganicsolvent
organic solvent density, t
838.4112 kg/m3
Viscosity of , tL
5.15E04 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
3.5453121354 kJ/kg.K
0.579725796 W/m.K
1cp(Ns/m2)=
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
uD ti
Prandtlnumber,Pr
Pr =
Cp
kf
1.00E03
Appendix F -155
steamlinearvelocity,u(m/s)
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
5.9399
1.5237E+05
3.1481
309.8413
0.00320
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
26202.7833
frictionfactor,jf
0.00250
2
u s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt(atm)
(eqn.12.20)
257.2607 kPa
2.538965529
Appendix F -156
Shelldiameter,Ds
0.6277 m
Baffle
diameter
Baffle Diameter= D s 0 . 0016

Bafflespacing,lB
0.5649 m
0.6261 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.070913 m2
G s ws / As
65.102979 kg/s
918.0619 kg/s.m2
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
(eqn.12.23)
D to
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
Physicalpropertiesofshellfluid(steam)
473.1500
Appendix F -157
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
0.4211 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.82E-05 Ns/m2
1.98692E+00 kJ/kg.K
Heatcapacity,Csp
Reynoldnumber,Re
0.0381499 W/m.K
Re G s De /
(eqn.12.24)
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
6.8153E+05
0.9490
0.0009
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
1700.3221358651
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
2179.9965 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0340
u2s 0 .14
P s =8 j f ( D s / D e )( L /l B )
(
)
2
w
Ps (atm)
(eqn.12.26)
109108878.2618 Pa
109108.8783 kPa
1076.8209056181
Appendix F -158
1700.3221358651
2 o
26202.7833
2 o
5000
Insidedirtcoefficient,hid,W/m . C(Table12.2,vol.Six)
5000
44.0
2 o
0.01575
0.01905
1
1
1 d to ln ( d to / d ti ) d to
1 d
1
= +
+
+
+ to
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi (eqn.12.2)
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0011173685
894.959896056 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
i)Costing(Guthrie'sModularMethod)
TotalareaoftheHeatExchanger=
OperatingPressure=
CEPlantCostIndexfor2003,CEI03=
CEPlantCostIndexfor19681/2,CEI68=
Updatefactor=
=
130.3819 m
= 1403.4180838 ft2
4.75 bar
405.6
2
126.00
405.6
126.00
3.219047619
With reference to costing method proposed in Systematic Method of Chemical Process
Design by L.T. Biegler.
Appendix F -159
Base Cost,
C0=
S0=
=
Updated Bare Module Cost :
5000
400
0.65
BMC= (UF)(MPF+MF-1) (BC)
Materials and Pressure Correction Factor, MPF
Total area (ft2)

Base cost, C ($)
Modular factor, MF
Design factor, Fd
Pressure factor, Fp
Material factor, Fm
MPF
1,403.41808
11,305.834
3.2900
0.8500
0.0000
2.5000
2.1250
Updated bare module

cost ($)
Bare module cost (RM)
160,679.59
610,582.44
Utility cost:
H (250C, 475 kPa,super) =
H (150C, saturated)
=
H
2961.85
632.1
2329.75
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
Steam flow, mc
Qmax/H
=
=
5.5523
=
5552.3
=
308
The amout of water need to be heated to obtain the amount of steam;
=
5.5523
=
19988
=
=
19.9883
kg/s
g/s
gmol/s
kg/s
kg/hr
m3/hr
172,698.5933 m3/yr
Assume the water will be flowed to the incinerator to generate steam before flowing to the
heater, therefore, no extra heating cost is needed.

Assume water cost = RM
Total cost of water RM/yr =
1.15 /m3
198,603.38
Appendix F -160
Cooler X-35
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)(Q)
FixedandUTube
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
R12
water
68805.55600
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
Tout(K)
shell(t)
Methanol
tube(T)
R12
299.82
479.75
324.82
368.15
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
0.2240143369
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.6202
Ft=
0.950
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
105.7872
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -161
Tm = FtTlm =
100.4978
U
454.264 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q
UT lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Provisionalarea,A=
150.7157 m2
1622.2900 ft2
=
b)Tuberating
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
StainlessSteel
16
4.88
19.05
15.75
44.0
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
2
(ft2)=
0.2921
3.1437
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
A
At
Numberoftube,Nt
516
Pt =1. 25D to
Appendix F -162
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
Triangularpitch
K1
0.249
(2passes)
n
2.207
Pt
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )1/ n
(eqn.12.3b)
606.1934
63
0.66919
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
423.9500
ti2
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
194.8531
258
A T = N t At
0.0502772
Appendix F -163
12.7199
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
Fluidmassvelocity,f
252.9944
5.9838 kg/m3
Viscosity of , tL
1.06E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
0.5676501811 kJ/kg.K
0.0083412529 W/m.K
1cp=
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
uD ti
Pr =
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
kf
42.2799
3.7741E+05
0.7185
309.8413
0.00270
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
w
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
Appendix F -164
frictionfactor,jf
0.00170
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(

Pt
u2s
m
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
71.8151 kPa
Shelldiameter,Ds
0.6692

Bafflespacing,lB
0.6023
0.6676
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.080608
G s ws / As
200.257076
2484.3456
D e=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
D e=
Appendix F -165
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
13.5265
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
312.3200
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
799.8603 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
5.16E-04 Ns/m2
3.69813E+00 kJ/kg.K
Heatcapacity,Csp
Reynoldnumber,Re
0.6155396 W/m.K
Re G s De /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
6.5148E+04
3.0990
0.0028
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
3.1060
Appendix F -166
frictionfactor,jf
0.0500
u2s 0 .14
P s =8 j f ( D s / D e )( L /l B )
(
)
2 w
618633.2884 Pa

Ps
618.6333 kPa
Insidedirtcoefficient,hid,W/m2.oC(Table12.2,vol.Six)
1
1
1 d to ln ( d to / d ti ) d to
1 d
1
= +
+
+
+ to
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0019335603
517.1806525014 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Nbaffle
Appendix F -167
=
OperatingPressure=
Updatefactor=
150.7157
1622.2884624286
4.75
405.6
126.00
405.6
126.00
3.219047619
With reference costing method proposed in Systematic Method of Chemical Process

Base Cost,
C0=
S0=
=
5000
400
0.65
Total area (ft2)

Base cost, C ($)
Modular factor, MF
Design factor, Fd
Pressure factor, Fp
Material factor, Fm
MPF
1,622.28846
12,422.650
3.2900
0.8500
0.0000
2.5000
2.1250
Updated bare module

cost ($)
176,551.89
670,897.18
Appendix F -168
Cost of Coolant:
Mass flowrate of R-12 needed
=
-12.7199
Assume that the coolant R-12 will be recycled in a cycle in 10 minutes, which equal to 600s.
Total of coolant needed
=
-7631.9152
From the website, we obtained 50 pound of R-12a is sold at US 160;
Price for coolant
= US
3.2
/pound
= RM
27.02
/kg
The cost for coolant = RM
-206231.309417173
Cost of Mechanical Refrigeration Unit:
For the coolant/refrigerate to cold down to its initial temperature for recycling to the cooler X-35,
an air cooled mechanical refrigeration unit is installed.
From Ulrich (1984);
The rate of heat absorbtion, Q
=
68805.55600
The temperature of coolant
=
479.75000
=
206.60000
From Figure 5-11, Ulrich (1984);
Bare module cost for the air-cooled refrigeration unit = US $
Updated factor
=
1.29
Updated module cost, BMC
= US $
1,935,000.00
= RM
7,353,000.00
Appendix F -169
FixedandUTube
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
R12
water
68805.55600
Appendix F -170
(standard length of tubes are

8,12,or16ft,pg520,Vol6)
(A.316)
Appendix F -171
mm2
Appendix F -172
kg/s
kg/m2.s
1.00E03 Ns/m2
mber,Pr
kf
483.8899 W/m2.C
Appendix F -173
(eqn.12.20)
0.7087598514 atm
Baffle
m
diameter
m
m
mm
m2
kg/s
kg/s.m2
Appendix F -174
mm
12056.9102221634 W/m2.C
m/s
Appendix F -175
(eqn.12.26)
6.1054358586 atm
12056.9102221634
483.8899
5000
5000
44.0
0.01575
0.01905
(eqn.12.2)
Appendix F -176
ft2
bar
hemical Process
Appendix F -177
kg/s
tes, which equal to 600s.
kg
recycling to the cooler X-35,
KW
K
oC
1,500,000
Appendix F -169
Cooler X-35
Heatexchangertype
Designtype
Tubeinletdirection
Tubesidestreamfeed
Tubeside
Shellside
Heatduty(kW)(Q)
FixedandUTube
Horizontal
Horizontal
1
1
R12
methanol
26.08619
a)Equipmentsizing
Stream
Tin(K)
shell(t)
Methanol
tube(T)
R12
294.15
263.15
293.15
278.15
Tout(K)
T1
T2
t2
t1
R= (T1T2)/(t2t1)
R=
0.0666666667
S= (t2t1)/(T1t1)
(eqn.12.6)
(eqn.12.7)
S=
0.4839
Ft=
0.980
T lm =
( T 1 t 2 )( T 2 t 1 )
(T 1 t 2 )
ln
(T 2 t 1 )
Tlm=
22.2714
Tm = FtTlm =
21.8260
(eqn.12.4)
Appendix F -170
U
800 W/(C.m2)
lm
Q
UT lm
Q=UA Talignl
A=
Provisionalarea,A=
1.4940 m2
16.0811 ft2
b)Tuberating(FromApp.5.2,TranportProcesses
by,ChristieJ.Geankoplis)
Material
BWGnumber
LengthoftubeLt(m)
StainlessSteel
16
4.88
19.05
15.75
44.0
to
A t = Lt Dalignl
2
(ft2)=
0.2921
3.1437
Numberoftube,Nt
Nt=
A
At
Numberoftube,Nt
Pt =1. 25Dto
Tubepitch,Pt(mm)
23.8125
Appendix F -171
Triangularpitch
K1
0.249
(2passes)
n
2.207
Pt
D b = D to ( N t / K 1 )1/ n (eqn.12.3b)
74.9336
50
0.12493
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
270.6500
ti2
At=
Tubeperpass=Nt
194.8531 mm2
3
A T = N t At
0.0004984
2.8719
kg/s
Appendix F -172
Fluidvelocity,f
v f =m / A T
Fluidmassvelocity,f
5762.4214 kg/m2.s
5.9838 kg/m3
Viscosity of , tL
1.26E05 Ns/m2
Heatcapacity,Ctp
0.6055562135 kJ/kg.K
0.0106691796 W/m.K
1cp=
1.00E03 Ns/m2
Linearvelocity,u
u= v f /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Re=
Prandtlnumber,Pr
uD ti
Pr =
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
L/Dti
Cp
kf
963.0037
7.2007E+06
0.7154
309.8413
0.00270
k f j h RePr 0 .33
hi =
D ti
0. 14
( )
(eqn.12.15)
11791.9849 W/m2.C
Appendix F -173
frictionfactor,jf
0.00170
u 2s
m
P s = N p [ 8 j f ( L / D ti )(
) + 2. 5 ]
w
2
Pt
(eqn.12.20)
37256.6692 kPa
367.6947371 atm
Shelldiameter,Ds
Baffle
0.1249 m

Bafflespacing,lB
0.1124 m
0.1233 m
BaffleDiameter
Tubepitch,Pt
23.8125 mm
Crossflowarea,As
A s=
( pt D to ) D s l B
pt
Crossflowarea,As
(eqn.12.21)
0.002810 m2
G s ws / As
11.173788 kg/s
3977.1254 kg/s.m2
diameter
Appendix F -174
De=
1.1
( p2z 0 . 971 D 2to )
D to
(eqn.12.23)
13.5265 mm
Meantemperature(C)
Meantemperature(C)
293.6500
Physicalproperties
Fluid density, s
1.9887 kg/m3
Viscosity, sL
1.83E-05 Ns/m2
2.99569E+00 kJ/kg.K
Heatcapacity,Csp
Reynoldnumber,Re
0.0745250 W/m.K
Re G s De /
Reynoldnumber,Re
Prandtlnumber,Pr
(eqn.12.24)
2.9355E+06
0.7367
0.0008
k f j h RePr 1/ 3
h s=
De
w
0 . 14
( )
(eqn.12.25)
11697.42886 W/m2.C
Appendix F -175
Linearvelocity,us
us =G s /
Linearvelocity,us
1999.8619 m/s
frictionfactor,jf
0.0320

2
us 0 .14
P s =8 j f ( D s / D e )( L /l B )
(
)
2
w
(eqn.12.26)
408105712.7656 Pa

Ps
408105.7128 kPa
4027.690232 atm
11697.42886
2 o
11791.9849
2 o
5000
Insidedirtcoefficient,hid,W/m . C(Table12.2,vol.Six)
5000
44.0
2 o
0.01575
0.01905
d to ln ( d to / d ti ) d to
1
1
1
1 d to 1 (eqn.12.2)
= +
+
+
U o h s hod
2 kw
d ti hid d ti hi
Therefore,
1/Uo=
Uo=
0.0006711451
1489.990789297 W/m2.C
h)Numberofbaffle,Nb
Numberofbaffle,Nb
N b =( L /l B )1
Appendix F -176
Nbaffle
42
OperatingPressure=
Updatefactor=
=
1.4940 m
= 16.0811302128 ft2
4.75 bar
405.6
2
126.00
405.6
126.00
3.219047619
With reference to costing method proposed in Systematic Method of Chemical Process

Base Cost,
C0=
S0=
=
5000
400
0.65
Total area (ft2)

Base cost, C ($)
Modular factor, MF
Design factor, Fd
Pressure factor, Fp
Material factor, Fm
MPF
16.08113
619.066
3.2900
0.8500
0.0000
2.5000
2.1250
Updated bare module

cost ($)
8,798.22
33,433.24
Appendix F -177
Utility cost:
Cost of Coolant R-12:
Mass flowrate of R-12 needed
=
2.8719 kg/s
Assume that the coolant R-12 will be recycled in a cycle in 10 minutes, which equal to 600s.
Total of coolant needed
=
1723.1226 kg
From the website, we obtained 50 pound of R-12a is sold at US 160;
Price for coolant
= US
3.2
/pound
= RM
27.02
/kg
The cost for coolant = RM
46562.6019443245
Cost of Mechanical Refrigeration Unit:
For the coolant/refrigerate to cold down to its initial temperature for recycling to the
cooler X-36, an air cooled mechanical refrigeration unit is installed.
From Ulrich (1984);
The rate of heat absorbtion, Q
=
26.08619 KW
The temperature of coolant
=
263.15000 K
=
-10.00000 oC
From Figure 5-11, Ulrich (1984);
Bare module cost for the air-cooled refrigeration unit = US $
15,000
Updated factor
=
1.29
Updated module cost, BMC
= US $
19,350.00
= RM
73,530.00

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Appendix F -63

F.10 SIZING AND COSTING FOR HEAT EXCHANGER

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Tlm can be calculated from the equation,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Baffle Spacing , l B =0. 9Ds

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0.0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop, Ps

Shell side presure drop,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

BMC =BC ( C )MF

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Tlm can be calculated from the equation,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Baffle Spacing , l B =0. 9D s

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0.0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0 . 0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop, Ps

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Tlm can be calculated from the equation,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0. 0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

where m = 0.25 for laminar flow, Re<2100

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0 . 0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop, Ps

Shell side presure drop,

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Baffle Spacing , l B = 0. 9Ds

Baffle Diameter= Ds 0.0016

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Production of 100,000 MTA Hydrogen

Shell side presure drop, Ps