VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Department of Construction Technology and Management

COMPLEX PROJECT
TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PART

DONE BY:
CHECKED BY:

Vilnius
2012

Turinys
1.

Initial Data..............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Design data according the given data for Steel Structures part of complex work..........................3

2.

The design of the technological card.....................................................................................................4

2.1 The purpose of the technological card............................................................................................4
2.2

The description of the technology of frames mounting works.......................................................4

2.3

The selection of mechanisms and equipment..................................................................................5

2.3.1
The selection of stropping equipment......................................................................................5
2.3.2
Selection of auto crane.............................................................................................................6
2.4 Needs of resources in the construction site.....................................................................................7
2.4.1
Maximum number of persons per shift....................................................................................7
2.4.2
Accommodations.....................................................................................................................8
2.4.3
Temporary water supplies........................................................................................................8
2.4.4
Electricity supplies...................................................................................................................9
2.5 Calculation of needs of work expenditures and payment..............................................................10
2.5.1 Calculation of work expenditures...............................................................................................10
2.5.2 Calculations of needs of materials..............................................................................................11
2.3.3 The prime cost of mounting works.............................................................................................12
2.6 Works safety..................................................................................................................................12
2.6.1
Work safety requirements......................................................................................................12
2.6.2
Work with cranes...................................................................................................................13
2.7 Organizing of the quality control..................................................................................................14
2.7.1
The allowable deviations of columns, trusses and beams.....................................................14
2.7.2
Control of prefabricated constructions mounting.................................................................15
3
Finishing works....................................................................................................................................16
3.1. Economical indicators.......................................................................................................................16
4

3.6.1
Calculations of payments.......................................................................................................16
Information sources..............................................................................................................................16

1. Initial Data
1.1 Design data according the given data for Steel Structures part of complex work.
According the given data, a steel frame structure of four floors is designed. Main data which is necessary for
the designing of the technological card is provided in the Table 1. :
Table 1. Main characteristics.

Total length of the structure (the distance between 1 st and last axis)

20 m

Total width of the structure (the distance between 1 st and last axis)

9m

The distance between 2 columns in longitudinal direction

10 m

The distance between 2 columns in transverse direction

4.5 m

Characteristics of H shaped columns (HEA 300):

Length:

9.49 m

Mass of one unit:

839.2 kg

Amount of units:

9 units

Total mass:

7552.8 kg

Characteristics of welded main beams:

Length:

9.995 m

Mass of one unit:

10212.9 kg

Amount of units:

6 units

Total mass:

61277.3 kg

Characteristics of I shaped deck beams (IPE 220):

Length:

4.495 m

Mass of one unit:

117.77 kg

Amount of units:

20vnt

Total mass:

2355.4 kg

The reinforced concrete deck:

Amount:

28.8 m

2. The design of the technological card

2.1 The purpose of the technological card
The technological card in this project is designed for mounting works of steel columns, beams and
reinforced concrete deck. The works are executed in the structure of four floors of 10m height (each of 2,5m). The
area of the deck is 180m. The building is situated Klaipda.

For this project some necessary roads,

communications, temporary water supply connected to the central supply line, temporary electricity
supply for construction works, temporary drainage system are designed and shown in construction site
plan. Also there are installed some temporary accommodations for workers, toilets, guard posts and
storage places for materials. The safety zone is designed, the building site is fenced and outsiders are prevented
from getting into the building territory I choose tower crane ZBK180\2 (Vilniaus kranai), which arrow

length is R=60m, maximum power is Qmax=12 t. Other mounting works which can be prepared with
hands are prepared by three workers who are qualified for such kind of works. Work is performing in
summer period with one shift which is 8 hours per day. The names of mounting elements and its marks
are represented in Table 2:
Table 2. Data of mounting elements.

Name, mark
H shaped columns (HEA 300)
I shaped deck beams (IPE 220)
Welded main beams

Quantity, piece
9
20
6

2.2 The description of the technology of frames mounting works.

For this framework structure organized flow superposition method is used. The principle of the mounting of
separate elements is to establish a stable and rigid unit as quickly as possible, and to attach subsequent elements
directly to those which are already erected.
A typical procedure for erection of a steel frame would be to set up a corner rectangle of four columns, linked
by beams and diagonally braced for secure the stability. Further the successive columns are erected in respect to
corner ones. Each of the column has to be correctly positioned in line, but also correct in level and in orientation, it
must be leveled. The best way is to work in respect with centre lines marked on the ground slab. If a line of
columns coincides with the centre line, then any line parallel to it at a known distance can be used. For the erection
of first column there is a need of guying if the holding-down bolt group is not sufficiently strong
The first step is to install columns on their prepared foundations. Before the connecting column to base it
must be cleaned, the anchor bolts need to be checked, the altitude and horizontality of the foundation also must be
checked, a thin layer of concrete is used for final leveling. The basis from S275 class steel is mounted to the bottom
of the column. The welding is done by semiautomatic way using electrode wire G42. Then the column is being

slinged and is lifted to a vertical position by a crane. The top surface of this concrete foundation is set slightly
lower to permit steel shims to be packed beneath the steel column's base plate. (The steel base packs are placed and
leveled before erection of the columns). After the column is positioned the nuts on the holding-down bolts are
tightened. The base plate and lower part of the column will eventually be encased in concrete below ground floor
level. The verticality of the columns is checked by two theodolites which are put on the perpendicular axes of the
columns rows. The slinging equipment is taken off from the columns. Concrete of class C20/25 for concreting
works is used.
Before the fixing of beams to the columns the mortar for foundation of column base plate must be delayed,
because it is necessary to be sure that there is no need of slight adjustment for some column positions. After this
the main beams are slinged by strapping them by universal strop. They are lifted to the necessary height and
fastened by the columns by bolts.
In general this frame is mounted from the fixing of the columns to the footing of it. Nine columns are
mounted and then the main beams are put on them starting from the corner of the building by connecting the
outside row of columns. The middle row is connected and then the 3 rd row of columns is connected by the main
beams. Finally, the deck beams are mounted on the top in series starting from one corner till the frame is finished
and all four floors are finished.

2.3 The selection of mechanisms and equipment

2.3.1

The selection of stropping equipment

The elements of my designed construction is stropped, lifted and shifted using special loops/holes strapped
by hooking (for instance, forms for concrete laying). The other elements of the frameworks which do not have
mounting holes or loops are strapped by belts with fixations for hooking. Because of different elements, different
kind of strops are used, which consist of a rope of particular diameter, hooks, grabs, clips for tightening of cables
and other elements. I select stropping equipment for columns, beams and concrete mix:
Table 3. Stropping equipment.

Scheme No

Equipment type

Mark

Mass of the equipment, kg

1.1

Stropping equipment for concrete mix and deck beams

4CK-5

45

1.2

Stropping equipment for columns

P3k-5.0

33

1.3

Stropping equipment for main beams

4CK-10

65

Figure1. Stropping equipment.

2.3.2 Selection of auto crane

The main criteria for selection of auto crane:

The height, length and width of the building;

The mass of the heaviest construction elements.

Calculation of the optimal arrow angle:

tg opt 3

hk
10,0
3
1,49 opt 56 0
b3
4,5

hk
- height of the building, m;
b3
- width of the building till middle axis, m.

The minimum length of crane arrow:

Rmin

hk
b3
10,0
4,5

20,11m;
0
sin opt cos opt sin 56
cos 56 0

I choose tower crane ZBK180\2 (Vilniaus kranai), which arrow length is R=60m,
maximum power is Qmax=12 t.

Required reach:
RR =l+b a+

b pk
6
=1+9 .0+ =13.0 m ,
2
2

RR reach of an arrow, m;
l distance from rails to the building, m;
ba the biggest distance from building
corner to the center of element being
mounted, m;
bpk - the width of the crane railway, m.

The height required for lifting:

Hr h1 h2 hstrops 1 10,0 0,65 5.8 1 17,45m;

h1

h2

- height of the building, m;

- height of the main beam, m;

hstrops

- height of the stropping equipment.

The maximum necessary power of crane is the weight of the heaviest element (under-crane
beam)and stropping equipment:
Qmax=10212.9+65=10277.9kg=10.3t<12t.
Safety zone for crane:
Rsafe = l1 + l2 + l3 = 9.0 + 9.62 + 10= 28.6229.0 m,

l1 the distance from crane center to position of

element placement, m;
l2 the altitude of support, m;
l3 the element falling distance taken from
normatives, m (up to 20 m heigth).

2.4 Needs of resources in the construction site

2.4.1

Maximum number of persons per shift

Maximum number of workers, managers, supervisors, engineers and personal employers during one shift:

D Dd 1 k1 kt k p 6 (1 0.09 0.03 0.01) 6.78 7 persons ;

k1
- coefficient that evaluates the amount of managers;

kt
- coefficient that evaluates the amount of technical personal, surveyours, etc.;

kp
- coefficient that evaluates the amount of other personal employers (cleaners, etc.);

However, I choose more than 7 persons (D=9 persons), because, there can be a manager, a technical
supervisor and an engineer as well.

2.4.2

Accommodations

Pr D K b N p ;

Pr
- required area for accommodations, m;

Kb
- coefficient that evaluates the amount of persons using the premises at the same time;

Np
- the norm of premise area, m;
2
K b 1.0; N p 4m ;

Administrative part:

Pr ,adm. 3 1.0 4 12m 2 ;

2
K b 0.7; N p 0.5m ;

Personal part:

Pr , personal 6 0.7 0.5 2.1m 2 ;

too small area, so I choose minimum 12m;
2
K b 0.5; N p 0.15m ;

Toilets:

Pr ,W C 9 0.15 0.5 0.675m 2 ;

I choose 2 (for men and women) toilets for rent from TOI TOI company
(1.23x1.23m);
2
K b 1.0; N p 0.3m ;

Washing rooms:

Pr ,wash 9 1.0 0.3 2.7 m 2 ;

2.4.3

Temporary water supplies

There are no water supplies for industrial purposes because the concrete is mixed in the factory and

delivered to the building site:

Zg 0
;
The daily living needs of water are:

Zu

D Z nu k v 9 25 3

0.023l / s
t 3600
8 3600

D
- the maximum amount of workers per shift;

Z nu
- one person water needs per day (25l/day);

kv

kv
- uneven water need coefficient (in our case

=3 because we have drains to the public sewerage);

Total water needs:

Zb Z g Zu Z
;
Z the amount of water for fire safety (10l/s).

Z b 0.023 10 10.023l / s
;
The diameter of the main pipe:

4 Zb
d

1000 v

1
2

4 10.023

1000 3.14 1

1
2

0.113m
;

v
- the velocity of water flow in the pipeline (1m/s);

2.4.4

Electricity supplies

For welding works we use SUPERIOR 240CE which power is 7.5kW.

For accommodation 6 kW.

Illumination of construction site we do not need it because our works are being executed in
summer when it gets dark very late in the evenings and gets dawn very early in the mornings. Besides, in such way
we save some money.

2.5 Calculation of needs of work expenditures and payment.

2.5.1 Calculation of work expenditures.
Table 4. Work expenditures.

Preparation works

Link composition

Work expenditures
Normative, pc.
total

Work process

Preparation works

Workers

Installation of crane
road

30

Mounter (III)
mounter(IV)

Mounting of crane

Pc.

mounters

3 days

works
fourth
Finishing
floor Mountingthird
works
floor
of Mounting
second
works
floor
of Mounting works
first floor
of Mounting works of

Amount of
Pc.workstotal

No.

Mounting of columns

pc

Mounter(III)
Stropper(II)

5,5 peop. hour

1,2 mach. hour

49,5 peopl.hour
6,6 mach. hour

Mounting of the main

beams

pc

Mounter(IV)
Stropper (II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

94,2 m.val
10,02 ma.val

Mounting of
secondary beams

pc

20

Mounter (IV)
Stropper(II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

314,0 m.val
33,4 ma.val

Mounting of columns

pc

Mounter(III)
Stropper(II)

5,5 peop. hour

1,2 mach. hour

49,5 peopl.hour
6,6 mach. hour

Mounting of the main

beams

pc

Mounter(IV)
Stropper (II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

94,2 m.val
10,02 ma.val

Mounting of
secondary beams

pc

20

Mounter (IV)
Stropper(II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

314,0 m.val
33,4 ma.val

10

Mounting of columns

pc

Mounter(III)
Stropper(II)

5,5 peop. hour

1,2 mach. hour

49,5 peopl.hour
6,6 mach. hour

11

Mounting of the main

beams

pc

Mounter(IV)
Stropper (II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

94,2 m.val
10,02 ma.val

12

Mounting of
secondary beams

pc

20

Mounter (IV)
Stropper(II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

314,0 m.val
33,4 ma.val

13

Mounting of columns

pc

Mounter(III)
Stropper(II)

5,5 peop. hour

1,2 mach. hour

49,5 peopl.hour
6,6 mach. hour

14

Mounting of the main

beams

pc

Mounter(IV)
Stropper (II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

94,2 m.val
10,02 ma.val

15

Mounting of
secondary beams

pc

20

Mounter (IV)
Stropper(II)

15,7 peop. hour

1,67 mach. hour

314,0 m.val
33,4 ma.val

16

Dismantlement of
crane

vnt

Mounters

3 days

17

Cleaning of the site

workers

1,50 peop. Hour

0,22 mach. Hour

2 days
45 peop. hour
6.6 mach. hour

days

10

2.5.2 Calculations of needs of materials.

Table 5. Needs of materials.

No

Name of material

N9-19

N9-1

N9-1

N6-117

Mounting of columns, 839.2

Electrodes
Fixing bolts
Subsidiary steel constructions for
Mounting of montage
main beams, 10212.9
Electrodes
Fixing bolts
Subsidiary steel constructions for
Mounting ofmontage
deck beams, 117.77
Electrodes
Fixing bolts
Subsidiary steel constructions for
Reinforced concrete
montage deck, 28.88
Emulsifier 3GT
Fuel of the heater
Steel wire
Construction nails
electrodes
Elements for flashing fixing
Flashing forms

Unit
s
t
kg
kg
t
t
kg
kg
t
t
kg
kg
t
m
kg
t
t
kg
kg
t
m

Amount
Unit
9
4,0
3,41
0,00739
6
2,4
4,5
0,005
20
2,4
4,5
0,005
28.88
0,64
0,0006
0,0003
0,245
1,2
0,0014
0,032

Total
7.55
8,34
7,11
0,02
61.28
20,88
39,15
0,04
2.36
5,11
9,58
0,01
72.0
18,84
0,01
0,01
7,21
35,33
0,04
0,94

Table 6. Materials and equipment used for construction works.

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Name
Strops (4CK-10, 4CK-5; P3k-5.0)
A crane ZBK180\2 (Vilniaus kranai)
A theodolite T30
A welding device SUPERIOR 240CE
A steel measure-tape PC-1, VN & S 7502-80
Columns
Main beams
Deck beams
Forms for concrete
Concrete C20/25
A box for grout P.Y. N0 3.241 42.000, volume 0,24m3
A trowel for concrete works VN & S 9533-71
A shovel for grout VN & T 3620-76
Shelvings
Hardhats
Safety belts (with cables)
Working gloves (a pair)

Amount
3 units
1 unit
1 unit
2 units
2 units
9 units
6 units
20 units
40 units
28.8m3
2 units
3 units
2 units
2 units
30 units
20 units
50 units

2.3.3 The prime cost of mounting works.

Table 7. Prime costs.

11

Description of works and expenses

Units

Amount

Normal cost,
Lt

Total, Lt

Mounting of steel frame of light

buildings

71.35

4721.0

336843.35

Concreting works

180.0

241.0

43380.0

Auto crane GROOVE GMK 2035

(power 35t, arrow 29 m )

machine
hours

30.6

48

1468.8
=381692.15Lt

2.6 Works safety.

2.6.1

Work safety requirements.

1. Before and during the construction works dangerous zones have to be indicated on the site, where risk can
occur.
2. Such dangerous zones have to be surrounded by fences, that no one form outside could get in these zones
3. Mounters are restricted to cross form one construction to another, walk through trusses and girders without
ladders or cross bridges with fences.
4. It is restricted to work in high buildings when the wind speed exceeds 15 m/s, during lightening, in slippery
constructions, mist or in bad visibility.
5. During the installation of construction elements workers are restricted to be below them.
6. After the installation of construction parts or elements they have to be firmly fixed.
7. During the brakes crane cannot be left with the loading.
8. Canteen and other rooms for builders have to be outside dangerous zone.
9. In the construction works all the equipment and machines have to match safety and health requirements.
And all of these requirements have to be shown in construction technology project.
10. All persons on the construction site have to wear protective helmets.
11. If in the construction site tower cranes are used and in their dangerous zones they can reach living, public
houses, manufacturing and other buildings, pedestrian crosses, roads so in technological project in
construction site project there have to be set human safety rules and tools: roads and pedestrian crosses
have to be moved from dangerous zones, safety zones have to be created.
12. In cities and in working companys territory construction site have to fenced by a fence not lower than 1.6
m. Fences near massive movement of people have to be not lower than 2 m and with roof protecting form
falling objects.
13. Roads and pedestrian ways have to be clean, not loaded with constructing materials.

12

14. During works in the construction site hanged ladders must be used and the working place has to be with
attachable hooks.

2.6.2

Work with cranes.

1. Do not let to lift not marked constructions, which are too heavy for the crane.
2. Show crane operator and slinger how and where to store materials and constructions.
3. Control crane operators and slingers work, instruct them if it is necessary. Make sure that they are doing
their jobs safely.
4. All lifting operations have to be correctly planned, preceded and supervised.
5. Hooked and lifted loadings cannot be left on the crane, unless it is in safe place and safely held by a crane.
6. Crane works have to be stopped in the weather conditions are dangerous.
7. Crane can lift only those loadings which are not too heavy for cranes lifting power.
8. It is forbidden to lift people, melted metal, toxic and explosive materials.
9. It is forbidden to move the loadings above manufacturing, living and service buildings where people are
working. It is allowed to do that just in certain times, in top safety requirements.
10. Broken or damaged lifting equipment cannot be kept in building site. Loadings have to be lifted just form
well illuminated area. If the working place is not illuminated correctly and weather conditions are bad,
crane work us be stopped.
11. Persons who are not directly working in the lifting area are not allowed to be there or in cranes.
12. Taking the technical provision of the crane, regulating or fixing electric machines the cranes electric power
have to be shut down. Slinging equipment must be chosen according the loading weight, number of points
to sling.
13. Small loadings like bricks have to be lifted in special pallet or in other device that nothing could fall down.
14. It is allowed to move the loading form one place to another only into already prepared and safe place that
the loading could not turn over, slide or somehow break down.
15. It is not allowed to get in the riding crane.
16. It is not allowed to be behind the crane where there is a possibility to get in the cranes machinery and get
hurt or killed.
17. It is not allowed to lift the loading which is not in stable position.
18. It is not allowed to drag the loadings with the crane.
19. It is not allowed to drag the slings when they are pressed with other loadings.
20. It is not allowed to work with the crane which is under repair.

13

2.7 Organizing of the quality control

2.7.1

The allowable deviations of columns, trusses and beams

Table 8. Allowable deviations.

Steel columns of the buildings are put on prefabricated or monolithic foundations, where the anchor
bolts are already mounted according all requirements. The surfaces of the foundations have to be of projected
altitudes and horizontal.
The foundation is estimated, the axes are delineated, the height of every anchor bolt is measured
using a theodolite and the steel strap of necessary thickness is put on in order that the bolt is in the required height.
The column is adjusted by a theodolite, fixed by anchor bolts and disconnected from stropping devices. The
columns that will be connected by constant steel braces are mounted at first.

14

2.7.2

Control of prefabricated constructions mounting.

Table 9. Control .

Operation under control

R* & C*

How control is executed

P*

1. Preparative works
- the check of constructions

CM

tape- measure

- the delineation of the foundation seat axes and heights

CM

surveying device

- the delineation of axes on the columns

CM

tape- measure

- a temporary fixing and alignment of elements

CM

surveying device

- a permanent fixing of elements

CM

surveying device

- the control of constructions fixing

CM

surveying device

ES
T

2. The mounting of the constructions

3. Formalizing of documents
- the records in the journal of construction works

- the geodetic control photographs of constructions mounting

- the laboratory tests of junctions (if there is a need)

ES

CM

T
ES

CM, S
Lab.

T
laboratory device

CM

R*- responds, C*- controls, P*- participates.

CM Construction Manager,
EST Engineer Supervisor for Technology,
S Surveyour,
Lab. tests that are performed in the laboratory.

15

Finishing works.

3.1. Economical indicators.

3.6.1

Calculations of payments.

Table 10. Payments.

Process

Mean
category

Normal payment

Duration

Total

Amount

Total

for worker

of works,

payment for

of

payment for

Lt/hour

Lt/day

days

worker, Lt

workers

process, Lt

N9-19

3.56

7.247

58.0

464.0

3248,0

N9-1

4.67

8.358

66.9

20

1338,0

10704,0

N6-117

3.11

6.832

54.7

437.6

2625.6
=16577,6 Lt

Information sources.
1. Statybos darb technologijos praktiniai udaviniai;VISI,Vilnius, 1985m.

16

2. Statybos taisykls:Bendrieji statybos darbai;ST 2189567.02:2003,Lietuvos statybinink

asociacija,Vilnius,2003m.
3. Technologini korteli projektavimas; Technika;Vilnius,1991m.
4. Darbo, mediag ir mechanizm snaud statyboje normatyvai. Bendrieji statybos ir montavimo
darbai.1dalis.UAB Sistela,Vilnius,1999.
5. Saugos ir sveikatos taisykls statyboje DT-500.
6. Saugos ir sveikatos taisykls statyboje DT-800.
7. V.Kruinskas,V.Maeika, P.Mikta. Statybos technologija.Vilnius.1992
8. Statybos resurs skaiiuojamosios rinkos kainos (IV);UAB Sistela, Vilnius,2003
9. Statybos technologija;Mokslo ir enciklopedij leidykla, Vilnius,1992

17