Acc We Da3120 Energy Recovery Guidelines 1.0 Mar 08

Hotel Technical Specifications
DA 3120
ENERGY RECOVERY
Guidelines
International Edition 1.0
March 2008
This document is published by Accor exclusively for use on Accor projects.

Distribution or reproduction (in full or part) for other uses is forbidden.
ACC_WE_ DA3120_ENERGY RECOVERY Guideline 1.0 Mar 08
ENERGY RECOVERY
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
Contens
INTRODUCTION
HEATING RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNIT
HEATING RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILERS SMOKES EXHAUST
HEATING RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS
HEATING RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWERS
HEATING RECOVERY FROM STEAM CONDENSATES
SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION
WATER TEMPERATURES
ACC_WE_DA3120_ENERGY_RECOVERY_Guidelines_1.0_Mar_08.doc
2/27
SOMMAIRE
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
Principles ............................................................................................................................................................8
1-stage economizer.............................................................................................................................................8
2-stage economizer.............................................................................................................................................8
RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS FOR DHW PRODUCTION

4.1
4.2
4.3
Basic principle .....................................................................................................................................................5

Adiabatic wheel (prefered solution)......................................................................................................................5
Heat PIPE ...........................................................................................................................................................5
Plate exchanger ..................................................................................................................................................5
Glycol water coil ..................................................................................................................................................6
Air/air heat pump.................................................................................................................................................6
Energy recovery from extracted air......................................................................................................................6
RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILER SMOKES EXHAUST

3.1
3.2
3.3
GENERAL...........................................................................................................................................................4
general recommendations ...................................................................................................................................4
choice of solutions...............................................................................................................................................4
RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNITS

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
10
The different solutions .......................................................................................................................................10

Chillers with desuperheater ...............................................................................................................................10
Chiller with total heating recovery system..........................................................................................................11
RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWERS
12
ENERGIE TRANSFER WITH 4-TUBE HEAT PUMPS
13
RECOVERY FROM THE STEAM NETWORK
13
7.1
7.2
7.3
THERMAL SOLAR HEATING FOR DOMESTIC HOT WATER

8.1
8.2
8.3
Principle ............................................................................................................................................................13
Recovery FROM the condensate tank...............................................................................................................13
Recovery FROM condensates at the exchanger output.....................................................................................13
14
Objective ...........................................................................................................................................................14
Principle ............................................................................................................................................................14
Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................14
PRINCIPLE DIAGRAMS
16
Complementary documents, especially

HVAC
DHW production
BMS
3/27
INTRODUCTION
1.1
GENERAL
This document expresses the intention of the Accor group to control energy. It is additional
to the technical specifications of the groups different brands concerning heating, air
conditioning, domestic hot water production installations, etc.
It is based on Accors experience in the construction and technical management of hotel
services. It gives advice and recommendations that must be interpreted and adapted as a
function of the reality of the project.
It is addressed to MEP consultants that remain responsible for the project design.
1.2
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1.3
Avoid oversizing
Select an energy that is only slightly polluting
Use the most efficient machines
Avoid technical sophistication, the operator must be capable of understanding the
installations
The choice of the solution of heating systems and cooling systems must be made as a
function of the climate
CHOICE OF SOLUTIONS
Recovery from air handling units so as to reheat fresh air using energy from the
discharged air. This principle must operate inversely in the summer
By adiabatic wheel
By heat pipe (caloduc)
By plate exchanger
By glycol water coils
Air/air heat pump
Chiller in recovery from discharged air to preheat domestic hot water
Recovery from gas boilers

By the addition of a single-stage condenser economizer
By addition of a two-stage condenser economizer
Recovery from cooling units

Chiller with desuperheater
Total recovery chiller
Recovery from dry coolers
Transfer of heat with 4-tube heat pumps
Recovery from steam network
Thermal solar heating for domestic hot water
4/27
RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNITS

2.1
BASIC PRINCIPLE
2.2
Energy recovery from air extractions is compulsory

The choice of the solution takes account of:
the configuration of rooms
possibilities of superposition of AHU and extractors.
The most efficient solution will be chosen. When several solutions could be considered,
a financial study will justify the choice.
The recovery must operate efficiently in all seasons:
in winter to preheat fresh air using discharged air
In summer to cool fresh air using discharged air
Recovery takes priority. Heating and cooling coils can only come into operation when
recovery is functioning. Control is adapted accordingly
Operation in free-cooling is an obligation whenever possible depending on outside
conditions. Automatic controls are adapted accordingly.
ADIABATIC WHEEL (PREFERED SOLUTION)

Solution applicable to AHU for guestrooms and for general services. It is compulsory in hot
and humid countries, since the wheel can dehumidify incoming air.
The AHU and the extractor are superposed.
The efficiency of this solution is high: of the order of 75%
It must be preferred for humid countries so as to dehumidify incoming air.
The rotary economizer is driven with a variable speed motor.
A controller adapts the rotation speed as a function of the temperature and humidity of
the fresh air, extracted air and blown air.
Operation is suitable for summer and for winter.
Recovery is automatically stopped during spring and autumn.
Filters protect the economizer on the fresh air inlet and on the extraction.
A manometer checks the dirtiness of filters and the coil
2.3
HEAT PIPE
Solution applicable to AHU for guestrooms and for general services. Placement of
horizontal heat pipes can save height.
The AHU and the extractor are superposed (fresh air at the top and discharged air at the
bottom) or placed adjacent.
The efficiency of this solution is high: of the order of 65%
Operation is permanent and with no motor. A by-pass is installed to avoid using
recovery when it is not necessary (spring and autumn) and when it is required to use
outside air for cooling.
Operation is essentially for winter.
A filter protects the economizer on the fresh air inlet and on the extraction.
A manometer checks the dirtiness of filters and the coil.
2.4
PLATE EXCHANGER
Solution applicable to AHU for guestrooms and for general services.
The AHU and the extractor are superposed or placed adjacent to each other.
The efficiency of this solution is of the order of 50%
Operation is continuous with no motor. A by-pass is used to avoid using recovery when
it is not necessary
Operation is suitable for winter and for summer.
Recovery is switched off during spring and autumn.
5/27
2.5
Caution with frost in winter, which can block up the coil on the discharged air side in
contact with fresh air at very low temperature. Fresh air needs to be heated before
entering the economizer for very cold countries, and a frost free temperature has to be
maintained at the inlet to the economizer.
A filter will protect the economizer on the fresh air inlet and on the extraction.
A manometer will check the dirtiness of filters and the coil.
GLYCOL WATER COIL

Solution applicable to AHU for guestrooms and for general services.
It will only be used for very large hotels in which it is very difficult to make intersections
between incoming and outgoing air flows in the same technical room.
It is not appropriate for hot countries
The AHU and the extractor may be at a distance from each other.
The efficiency of this solution is of the order of 40%
Operation is made using a circulating pump. It is possible to switch the circulating pump
off to avoid using recovery when it is not necessary and if it is required to use outside air
for cooling.
Operation is essentially for the winter. The gain in summer is low.
Caution with frost in winter. Glycol water shall be used.
This solution is not as efficient, but it can be used for a second recovery after the water
coil on the discharge duct (see below).
A filter protects the economizer on the fresh air inlet and on the extraction.
A manometer will check the dirtiness of filters and the coil.
2.6
AIR/AIR HEAT PUMP

AHU including blowing and extraction will be equipped with a first recovery by static
exchanger (wheel, heat pipe, plates), together with a reverse cycle heat pump used:
IN WINTER, to recover calories from air discharged after the static economizer in order
to heat fresh air.
IN SUMMER, SPRING and AUTUMN, to cool fresh air and remove calories from the
discharged air.
This solution is very usefully applicable for the treatment of fresh air for rooms: the neutral
air blowing temperature (about 20) enables a high performance coefficient. Temperate
climates will not need any complementary treatments. Heating or cooling coils will be
essential for more extreme climates.
2.7
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM EXTRACTED AIR

Install a low power water/water cooling unit that:
IN WINTER: Recovers calories from discharged air after the economizer to preheat
domestic hot water from 10C to 50C.
IN SUMMER and BETWEEN SEASONS: To cool the chilled water return, before general
production of cooling and to recover energy so as to preheat domestic hot water.
The following is an example design
2.7.1 DOMESTIC HOT WATER NEEDS
DHW needs for a 100-room Sofitel are approximately:

Peak: 21 000 liters per day
Average: 10 000 liters per day
With permanent 24-hour reheating of water from 10C to 50C, the required power is of
the order of:
With maximum needs: 41 kW (21 m3 x 1.16 W/m3C x (50C 10C) / 24h)
With average needs: 20 kW (21 m3 x 1.16 W/m3C x (50C 10C) / 24h)
The heating power of the unit must be between 20 and 40 kW.
6/27
2.7.2 RECOVERY FROM DISCHARGED AIR (EXAMPLE ON ROOMS AFTER THE GLYCOL WATER COILS)
Available power on discharged air

Discharge air flow = 7 500 m3/h
Recovery with glycol water coils is 40%
Extracted air 22C; fresh air in winter -5C, dif ference = 27C
With 40% recovery: 27 x 0.40 = 10.8C
So, the discharge air temp. is 22C 10.8C = 11. 2C for outside air at -5C.
Selecting the chiller

water / water with excellent efficiency
Powers considered for this example = Cooling capacity 23 kW for chilled water
at 4C and heating capacity 34 kW for hot water at 55C. Consumed electrical
power = 11 kW.
The delta temperature between extracted air and discharged air has to be kept
at 9C (23 kW / 0.34 W/m3C / 7500 m3/h x 1000) . Operation of the unit is stopped
when the air temperature at the output from the glycol water coil is less than
(9C + 4C) = 13C so that compressors do not start and stop continuously.
Glycol water will be used for operation at a temperature below 4C.
2.7.3 CONNECTION PRINCIPLE
Connection of recovery coil

Chilled water coil, in the air extraction after the glycol water recovery coil.
Thermostat between the glycol water coil and the recovery coil. The
thermostat stops the cooling unit when the temperature drops below a
threshold that would prevent permanent operation of the compressor.
Coil condensate recovery tank and connection to the drain.
Chiller
Caution, the water/water chiller is chosen as a function of the efficiency.

Built-in chiller control done with constant chilled water temperature (for ex 4C).
Connection between chiller and recovery coil

Manual valves are closed in summer and open in winter.
Labels on closed in summer valves
Expansion vessel and valve for operation in winter
Flow controller
Connection between chiller and chilled water distribution

Isolating valves closed when recovery is performed
Labels on closed in winter valves
Connection between chiller and DHW exchanger

Primary exchanger carries water at 55/50C and sec ondary exchanger carries
DHW at 45/50C
Connection between DHW exchanger and tanks

Storage volume to enable permanent and regular operation of recovery. The
optimum volume is between 20 and 30% of the average daily consumption.
Connection onto the cold water at the inlet to the first tank
Three-way motor driven modulating valve, sensor and controller to keep the
water return temperature on the exchanger equal to 25C minimum.
Double circulating pump with electrical connections and operation and
inversion controls.
Circulating pump slave controls as a function of the chiller with timeouts when the chiller
is stopped.
7/27
RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILER SMOKES EXHAUST

3.1
PRINCIPLES
3.2
1-STAGE ECONOMIZER
3.3
The recoverable energy on the smokes exhaust is close to 10% of the boiler heating
capacity.
Recovery will be made in the case in which the installation has one or several low or
very low temperature distribution networks (the water returns at a temperature less than
50C),
Several networks are usually concerned:
Hot water supplies to fan coil units
Preheating of fresh air of the AHU
Preheating of domestic hot water
The heat recovery system may be single stage or 2 stage, for example by combining a
fan coil unit return on the first stage (water 40C ) and preheating of domestic hot water
on the second stage (water at 10C).
The study must demonstrate that recovery cannot cause any overheating in the
networks used. All cases must be studied for winter, summer and for spring and
autumn.
Recovery shall be made from the exhaust gases flue with an energy exchanger installed
on a branch connection so that recovery is possible using any boiler.
The economizer is fitted with a fan slaved to operation of the boilers. A timeout enables
operation of the fan a few minutes after the boilers are stopped.
Exhaust gas flues and ducts will be made of stainless steel.
The power of the economizer will be chosen as a function of the recoverable power.
The water flow in the recovery system will be constant (no variable flow that could cause
overheating in the economizer).
Energy recovery device
A slope shall be provided and there shall be a drain at the low point to collect
all condensates.
Two thermometers (on the input and output sides of the economizer).
Two temperature probes connected to the BMS to monitor recovery.
The efficiency and the annual savings will be simulated taking account of the
temperature of the exhaust gases and the water.
Water connections (for example on the fan coil unit water returns)
Connection on the water return pipe before the three-way valve.
A flow controller with the fan slaved to prevent overheating.
A relief valve.
Two thermometers (on the economizer input and output sides) and two
temperature probes connected to the CTM to monitor recovery.
2-STAGE ECONOMIZER
The efficiency of the installation will be further improved if a second recovery stage is
added.
The first recovery stage is exactly as described above.
The second exchanger will operate with water at a lower temperature than the first
stage. It is suggested to use:
Preheating of domestic hot water: recovery is possible throughout the year.
Preheating of fresh air for AHU: recovery is only possible in winter.
Water connections (for example: preheating of domestic hot water)
The first tank is only used for preheating.
The capacity must be equal to 500 liters per 100 kW boiler heating capacity.
8/27
A circulating pump slaved to operation of the boilers with timeout after stopping
to prevent overheating.
A relief valve.
Two thermometers (on the input and output sides of the economizer).
Two temperature probes connected to the CTM to monitor recovery.
Consultancy
The domestic hot water preheating tank can be used in winter on exhaust
gases from gas boilers and in summer on energy released from chillers.
The installation is thus more efficient.
The economizer on exhaust gases is not used in summer.
9/27
RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS

4.1
THE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS
4.2
Chiller with desuperheater

Chiller with total recovery
CHILLERS WITH DESUPERHEATER
4.2.1 PRINCIPLE
At least two chillers

Recovery is done on a single chiller (possibility of fitting two chillers but with the second
in standby).
Permanent recovery when the chiller is in operation.
Low recovered power at partial load.
Recovery water temperature: 55/60C.
Important: the return temperature must always be >= 50C otherwise the chiller
efficiency will be reduced.
Use: In hot countries, in operation during most of the year.
4.2.2 DETERMINATION OF POWERS / VOLUME
Desuperheater recovery energy:

about 25% of the chiller cooling capacity when the chiller is at full load.
DHW exchanger characteristics:

Primary water temperature (chiller side): 55/60C
Secondary water temperature (DHW side): 30 / 55C
Water flow between desuperheater and exchanger:

Constant when the chiller is in operation
Gives a delta temperature of 5C
Storage volume
Dedicated exclusively to storage of recovered heat
20 to 30% of the hotels daily DHW needs
4.2.3 CONTROL
The chiller keeps the chilled water temperature constant for the different needs. The
adjustment is made on the chiller logic controller.
A logic controller manages the recovery based on the following principle:

The two circulating pumps start 30 seconds before the chiller so as to excite
the flow controller.
A timeout keeps the circulating pumps in operation for five minutes after the
chiller has stopped.
The three-way valve regulation maintains a minimum return temperature of
50C to the desuperheater and a maximum temperature of 70C to the
preheating tanks.
The terminal tanks provide additional heating for domestic hot water.
10/27
4.3
CHILLER WITH TOTAL HEATING RECOVERY SYSTEM
4.3.1 PRINCIPLE
Total recovery can preheat domestic hot water to a maximum temperature of 50C, the
recovered energy is high.
This solution is compatible with an installation comprising a single chiller.
It is even more useful for installations with several cooling units. In this case, it is often
enough to perform recovery from a single unit.
A calculation note shall be produced, justifying needs and recoverable powers.
To optimize efficiency, the water return temperature to the condenser economizer shall
be:
As low as possible. Note that the efficiency for cooling with outside air at 30C
is the same as with water at 45C.
At least 25C. The chiller will not work with a l ower temperature.
4.3.2 POWER / VOLUME
Recovery energy
The recovery power is the total power to be evacuated from the chiller (cooling
power + electric compressor power).
Characteristics of the DHW exchanger

Primary water temperature (chiller side): 50 / 55C
Secondary water temperature (DHW side): 30 / 50C
Water flow between the economizer and the exchanger

Constant when the chiller is in operation
Gives a delta temperature of 5C
Storage volume
Dedicated exclusively to storage of recovered heat
20 to 30% of the hotels daily DHW needs
4.3.3 CONTROL IF DHW MADE WITH ELECTRICAL HEATERS IN TANKS
The chiller keeps chilled water at a constant temperature for the different needs. The
adjustment is made on the chiller logic controller.
An independent logic controller manages the recovery
The tank 1 electric heater is used only as a standby and if there is a legionella
contamination to increase the tank temperature to 60C.
The tank 2 electric heater is authorized to operate in off-peak hours. The logic controller
determines the start time such that the tank reaches a temperature 60C at 6:00 in the
morning at the beginning of the drawing-off period. (peak hours are depending the local
electricity board )
The last tank is always in operation at 60C so as maintain the temperature loop.
Operation from 6:00 to 15:00: the temperature of tanks 1 and 2 is left to drift.
Operation from 15:00 until forced restart at night:
When the chiller is in operation, recovery is authorized. Pump P1 is in
operation, pump P2 is in operation, the three-way valve V1 regulates to
maintain a minimum return temperature of 25C on th e cooling unit
economizer, the three-way valve V2 is open to tank 1. When the temperature
of sensor S3 is greater than the temperature of sensor S2, water is transferred
to tank 2, and if the temperature of sensor S3 is less than sensor S2, water is
transferred to tank 1.
If the cooling unit stops, recovery stops with all pumps stopping and the valves
closing. Recovery is started again if necessary when the unit starts again.
Recovery stops when all sensors in the recovery tanks are at 50C. The
cooling unit releases its calories to the outside.
11/27
A new recovery cycle is authorized when the temperature S1 of tank 1 drops

below 25C.
Control in winter
The cooling unit is stopped. There is no possible recovery.
The tanks operate directly with the electrical heaters.
4.3.4 CONTRIOL IF DHW IS MADE WITH GAS OR URBAN NETWORK
The chiller maintains a constant chilled water temperature for the different needs. The
adjustment is done on the chiller logic controller.
A logic controller manages recovery.
Heating of tank 3 is maintained permanently at 60C using the exchanger.
Operation from 6:00 to 15:00: The temperature of tanks 1 and 2 is left to drift.
Operation from 15:00 to forced operation at night:
When the chiller is in operation, recovery is authorized. Pump P1 is in
operation, pump P2 is in operation, the three-way valve V1 regulates to
maintain a minimum return temperature of 25C on th e cooling unit
economizer, the three-way valve V2 is open to tank 1. When the temperature
of sensor S3 is greater than the temperature of sensor S2, water is transferred
to tank 2, and if the temperature of sensor S3 is less than sensor S2, water is
transferred to tank 1.
If the cooling unit stops, recovery stops with all pumps stopping and the valves
closing. Recovery is started again if necessary when the unit starts again.
Recovery stops when all sensors in the recovery tanks are at 50C. The
cooling unit releases its calories to the outside.
A new recovery cycle is authorized when the temperature S1 of tank 1 drops
below 25C.
Control in winter
The cooling unit is stopped. There is no possible recovery.
Tanks are heated using the exchanger, by modifying manual valves.

5.1.1 PRINCIPLE
Installations fitted with water / water cooling units located in a service room use a cooling
circuit at a temperature of 45/50C and outdoor coo ling towers.
Cooling units operate at full power in summer and partially in winter.
Energy released by the cooling units must be recovered.
The heating recovery can be used for:
Preheating of domestic hot water (needs are constant throughout the year).
Recovery is done using a preheating tank dedicated to recovery.
A
temperature comparison will prevent recovery if the temperature of the hot
water is higher than the cooling network.
Hot water distribution to fan coil units. If the fan coil units operate at
temperatures of 45/40C, part of the heating in spr ing and autumn can be
performed and possibly the temperature loop in summer can be maintained.
In all cases, take care to maintain a minimum water return temperature of 25C on the
cooling unit condensers.
12/27
ENERGY TRANSFER WITH 4-TUBE HEAT PUMPS
The SOFITEL standard scheme comprises:

Distribution of hot water for heating
Chilled water distribution.
The 4-tube heat pump is capable of heating and cooling simultaneously on two distinct
water circuits
The 4-tube heat pump can:
Produce chilled water only, and release calories outdoors (conventional
air/water cooling unit).
produce hot water alone (air / water heat pump)
transfer calories (water / water) when there are any heating needs on the hot
water network and cooling needs on the chilled water network or vice versa.
The heat pump is regulated to two values. Firstly it keeps the hot water temperature at
one set value (for example 50C) and secondly the c hilled water network at the other set
value (example 7C).
Each heat pump is connected to a hot water buffer tank and a chilled water buffer tank
so as to provide sufficient inertia for correct operation of the installation.
An economic study could justify setting up a single 4-tube heat pump and a second 2tube reverse cycle heat pump. The first operates throughout the year. The second
operates only as a booster in the winter and in the summer. Adaptations are made on
the pipes to facilitate season changes.
RECOVERY FROM THE STEAM NETWORK

7.1
PRINCIPLE
7.2
RECOVERY FROM THE CONDENSATE TANK
7.3
This solution is applicable for Cities that have a heat distribution network in the form of
steam.
Heat is supplied in the form of steam and the return to central production is hot water at
a temperature of about 70C. Heat is metered by me asuring the consumed water flow.
Recovery is made to preheat domestic hot water.
The quantity of heat is variable and takes account of building needs:
In winter, consumption is high.
In summer, heating needs are low. They usually apply only to production of
domestic hot water.
In summer, it would be possible to use the recovery tank on recovery from cooling units.
This would make it possible to amortize the two installations more quickly.
A first recovery is made with a coil placed in the condensate tank.

It is connected to the cold water that supplies hot water tanks.
Recovery is done on a branch connection from the main pipe to avoid creating load
losses on the domestic hot water network.
A circulating pump maintains a permanent water flow.
RECOVERY FROM CONDENSATES AT THE EXCHANGER OUTPUT
All condensates that exit from the heating exchanger pass through a hot water buffer
tank
The volume of the recovery tank is depending on the size of the installation.
All cold water intended for domestic hot water production goes into the tank.
Recovery is important at times when DHW is being drawn off.
13/27
SOLAR ENERGY FOR DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION

8.1
OBJECTIVE
8.2
8.3
For preheating of domestic hot water throughout the year.

To be offered systematically in countries with long sunshine.
Must not be over sized.
Domestic hot water temperature in tanks must never exceed 80C.
Solar panels shall be easy to access for maintenance.
PRINCIPLE
Production
Flat panels or solar tubes on flat roof or on exposed walls.
Possible isolation of each panel.
Pipes to resist high temperatures, preferably in copper.
Use of a frost-resistant heat transporting fluid.
Hi performance thermal insulation of pipes.
Heat exchanger between the primary and domestic hot water.
Safety device to avoid exceeding 80C in the tanks
Expansion vessel to enable large expansions of the heat transporting fluid.
Storage
At least 1 tank reserved exclusively for solar recovery
Resistance of the inside coating to temperature (100C)
Possibility of increasing the tank temperature to 70C using energy in the case
of legionella.
Access manhole for maintenance.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Increase collector height to enable renovation of the waterproofing on the flat roof.
Remember that hot water consumptions may be reduced on some days.
Use reliable tested processes
The various elements must resist high temperatures. Even if they are accidental or
occasional.
Take account of different climates (strong winds, rain, hail, etc.).
14/27
WATER TEMPERATURE
The inlet/outlet chilled water temperatures, the inlet/outlet water temperatures from the
heating recovery system are important for the efficiency. Here under results on test done on
factory. They are valid just for one type of chiller, but it is a good example and can be
extrapolate on other equipment.
9.1
WATER TEMPERATURE 7/12C COMPARE TO 10/15C

Here under test done on factory on one chiller. The letters in bolt are more realistic points,
for ex at 20C the chiller is 25% loaded only.
Outside T = 20C
Chilled
water
10/15C
7/12C
Chiller
load
100%
75%
50%
20%
100%
75%
50%
20%
Outside T = 28C
Outside T = 36 C
Outside T = 44C
CL
Pe
EER
CL
Pe
EER
CL
Pe
EER
CL
Pe
EER
294
78
3.8
271
89
3.0
230
56
4.1
214
65
3.3
246
195
103
75
2.4
2.6
222
174
119
86
1.9
2.0
167
35
4.7
155
41
3.8
142
47
3.0
127
55
2.3
74
17
4.3
69
20
3.4
63
23
2.7
56
27
2.1
265
72
3.7
243
86
2.8
208
54
3.9
193
63
3.1
222
176
99
72
2.2
2.4
200
158
115
84
1.8
1.9
139
61
40
20
3.5
3.1
149
35
4.3
66
17
3.9
126
46
2.7
113
54
1.8
55
23
2.4
49
26
1.9
CL = Cooling load in kW, Pe = electric power in kW

Conclusions, to change from 7/10C to 10/15C the c hilled water temperature:
The cooling capacity of the chiller increases : about 10%
EER is improved: between 7 to 10%
The condensates are reduced on the cooling coils, but the cooling capacity of the FCU is
reduced. It is requested to increase the water flow and/or the size of the FCU.
9.2
DESUPERHEATER
Here under test done on factory on one chiller (same machine as here above). The letters in
bolt are more realistic points, for ex at 20C the chiller is 25% loaded only. The water
temperature at the desuperheater = 55/60C (inlet/o utlet):
Chilled
water
10/15C
Chiller
load
100%
75%
50%
20%
Outside T = 20C
Outside T = 28C
Outside T = 36 C
Outside T = 44C
CL
Rec
EER
CL
Rec
EER
CL
Rec
EER
CL
Rec
EER
265
28
3.8
243
46
2.9
208
18
3.9
193
31
3.1
222
176
68
47
2.3
2.4
200
148
89
64
1.8
1.9
149
4.3
139
16
3.5
126
26
2.7
113
38
2.1
74
4.3
69
3.4
63
13
2.7
56
19
2.1
CL = Cooling load in kW, Rec = energy recovery in kW

Summary:
The cooling capacity of the chiller is not affected by the desuperheater,
The EER is not significantly increased,
The water temperatures (60C) from the desuperheat er are very interesting from DHW
production,
Higher is the outside temperature, higher is the recovered energy,
15/27
Higher is loaded the chiller, better is the recovery. Cf here under a summary:
Outside T
20C
28C
36C
Chiller load
in %
20
50
75
75
100
Heating recovery
in % of the
cooling load
4%
11%
16%
26%
30%
Conclusions, generally the desuperheating system:

Is not well appropriate for moderated climate countries
Is more appropriate for hot countries
Is badly efficient when the chiller is loaded between 0 to 50%
This solution is available in hot countries if the chilled water production is produced by at
st
least 2 chillers: the 1 one is quickly fully loaded and therefore is able to produce
efficiently DHW
9.3
TOTAL HEATING RECOVERY

Here under test done on factory on one chiller (different machine as here above)
Chiller
Load
100%
75%
50%
20%
20
4.4
4.4
4.1
4.0
EER of the chiller, according both ways of working

The chiller runs
The chiller runs
on outside air
in recovery mode
Outside temperature in C
Water temp heating recov. in. C
25
30
35
40
45
30
35
40
45
50
55
4.0 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.2 5.5 4.8 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.5
4.0 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.3 5.6 4.9 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.6
3.7 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.0 5.5 4.7 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.2
3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.0 5.4 4.6 3.9 3.2 2.7 2.2
The recovery is efficient, the energy transferred is the total of cooling load and the electric
consumption of the machine, whatever is the chiller load.
According the needs, the chiller runs under 2 various modes:
normal, the cooling used the outside air. This mode is done when there is no more
needs to produce DHW.
recovery, the cooling is done by energy transfer to a plate exchanger where the DHW
is pre-heated.
Analysis of the here above data:
EER is deteriorate when the recovery water temperature is too high,
Conversely EER is improved when the water temperature is not too high.
Between that, the balance points are around:
EER on air at 30C = EER on water at 45C
EER on air at 35C = EER on water at 50C
For exemple if we keep only this last line, when the outside temperature is 35C the
production of water at 50C is absolutely free. The global efficiency of the system is greatly
improve.
Conclusion
: A total heating recovery system is generally a good solution
16/27
10 PRINCIPLE DIAGRAMS
ADIABATIC WHEEL
Extracted air
Cf 2.2
Return air
Fresh air
Supply air
HEAT PIPES (caloduc)

Cf 2.3
Fresh air
Supply air
Extracted air
Return air
PLATE EXCHANGER
Cf 2.4
Extracted air
Supply air
Return air
Fresh air
17/27
ACC_WE_DA3120_ENERGY RECOVERY Guidelines 1.0 Mar 08
GLYCOOL WATER COIL

Cf 2.5
Extracted air
Extracted air
Supply air
Fresh air
HEAT PUMP AIR / AIR

Cf 2.6
Supply air
Fresh air
Return air
Extracted air
18/27
RECOVERY ON EXTRACTED AIR FOR DHW

Cf 2.7
Extracted air
AHU
From/chilled water
hotel network
Heating recovery system

Valves opened in
summer
6C
En. recovery
coil
Chiller in
recovery mode
Valves opened in
winter
11C
Classical DHW production

50C
55C
Tank dedicated to
energy recovery
To DHW users
DHW return
25C mini
To/From heat production

(boilers)
Cold water
19/27
RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILERS SMOKES EXHAUST 1 STAGE

Exhaust gas flues
Cf 3.2
Exhaust gas flues

Boilers
Heat recovery
equipment
Water return from FCU goes

inside the heating recovery
1st stage
recovery
Hotel FCU network
To DHW users

1
DHW return
50C mini
Cold water
20/27
RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILERS SMOKES EXHAUST 2 STAGES

Exhaust gas flues
Cf 3.3
Exhaust gas flues

Boilers
Water return from FCU goes
inside the heating recovery
Heat recovery
equipment
1st stage
recovery
2nd stage
recovery
Hotel FCU
network
Tank dedicated to
energy recovery
To DHW users
DHW return

50C mini
Cold
water
21/27
CHILLERS DESUPERHEATERS
Cf 4.2

Desuperheater
To/from hotel network
Chilled water network
Tank dedicated to
energy recovery
To DHW users
DHW return
To/From heat production

(boilers)
> 50C
Cold water
22/27
CHILLER TOTAL RECOVERY

Cf 4.3

Water condensor
To/from hotel network
Chilled water network
Tank dedicated to
energy recovery
To DHW users
DHW return
To/from heat
production (boilers)
25C mini
Cold water
23/27

Cf 5
Dry cooler
Dry cooler
FCU hot water network
To/from boilers
40C
Heating recovery to FCU
hot water return
45C
Heating recovery to
DHW production
Cold water
25C mini
55C
50C
CHILLER WATER / WATER
CHILLER WATER / WATER
Chilled water
network
24/27
ENERGY TRANSFER USING 4-PIPE HEAT PUMP

Cf 6
Heat pump 2-pipes
Heat pump 4-pipe
Opened in winter
Closed in summer
Heating network
Chilled water
network
25 / 27
ACC_WE_DA3120_ENERGY_RECOVERY_Guidelines_1.0_Mar_08.do
RECOVERY FROM STEAM CONDENSATES

Cf 7
From hotel
steam network
Tank dedicated to
energy recovery
To DHW users
DHW return
Condensates tank
To/from heat production

(boilers)
Condensates
return
Cold water
26 / 27
SOLAR DHW PRODUCTION

Cf 8
Expansion tank
Automatic control
system
Tank
dedicated to
solar energy
To DHW users
DHW return
To/from heat production

(boilers)
Cold water
27 / 27

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Hotel Technical Specifications

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ACC_WE_ DA3120_ENERGY RECOVERY Guideline 1.0 Mar 08

HEATING RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNIT

HEATING RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILERS SMOKES EXHAUST

HEATING RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS

HEATING RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWERS

HEATING RECOVERY FROM STEAM CONDENSATES

SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION

RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS FOR DHW PRODUCTION

Basic principle .....................................................................................................................................................5

RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILER SMOKES EXHAUST

RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNITS

The different solutions .......................................................................................................................................10

RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWERS

ENERGIE TRANSFER WITH 4-TUBE HEAT PUMPS

RECOVERY FROM THE STEAM NETWORK

THERMAL SOLAR HEATING FOR DOMESTIC HOT WATER

Complementary documents, especially

Recovery from gas boilers

Recovery from cooling units

Transfer of heat with 4-tube heat pumps

Recovery from steam network

Thermal solar heating for domestic hot water

RECOVERY FROM AIR HANDLING UNITS

Energy recovery from air extractions is compulsory

ADIABATIC WHEEL (PREFERED SOLUTION)

GLYCOL WATER COIL

AIR/AIR HEAT PUMP

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM EXTRACTED AIR

2.7.1 DOMESTIC HOT WATER NEEDS

DHW needs for a 100-room Sofitel are approximately:

Available power on discharged air

Selecting the chiller

2.7.3 CONNECTION PRINCIPLE

Connection of recovery coil

Caution, the water/water chiller is chosen as a function of the efficiency.

Connection between chiller and recovery coil

Connection between chiller and chilled water distribution

Connection between chiller and DHW exchanger

Connection between DHW exchanger and tanks

RECOVERY FROM GAS BOILER SMOKES EXHAUST

RECOVERY FROM CHILLERS

THE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS

Chiller with desuperheater

CHILLERS WITH DESUPERHEATER

At least two chillers

4.2.2 DETERMINATION OF POWERS / VOLUME

Desuperheater recovery energy:

DHW exchanger characteristics:

Water flow between desuperheater and exchanger:

A logic controller manages the recovery based on the following principle:

CHILLER WITH TOTAL HEATING RECOVERY SYSTEM

4.3.2 POWER / VOLUME

Characteristics of the DHW exchanger

Water flow between the economizer and the exchanger

4.3.3 CONTROL IF DHW MADE WITH ELECTRICAL HEATERS IN TANKS

A new recovery cycle is authorized when the temperature S1 of tank 1 drops

4.3.4 CONTRIOL IF DHW IS MADE WITH GAS OR URBAN NETWORK

RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWERS

ENERGY TRANSFER WITH 4-TUBE HEAT PUMPS

The SOFITEL standard scheme comprises:

RECOVERY FROM THE STEAM NETWORK

RECOVERY FROM THE CONDENSATE TANK