Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Business Blueprint
Profitability Analysis
BBP_CO-PA_V1.0
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Document Control
Document ID
ZTL/2010/PRJ-252/CO/03
Compliance Status
Mandatory
Security Classification
Company Restricted
Issue Date
Document Status
Draft,
Prepared by
J B Babu
Quality Review
J N R ao
Authorized by
Srinivasan A
Distribution
Document History
V1.0
Revised,
APPROVAL
Final
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ACTIVITY
NAME
PREPARED BY:
Mr. J. B. Babu.
TITLE
Zensar
Consultant
REVIEWED BY:
Ms. Himanshi Parekh
CO CTM- Arch
REVIEWED BY:
Mr. Govind Joshi
Project
Manager Arch
Mr. Sreenivasan A.
Zensar
SIGNATURE /
DATE
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APPROVED BY:
Mr. Bhushan Punekar
CO BPO
( Project Leader)
VP- IA & IT
Controls
AUTHORISED BY:
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Table of Content
1
Introduction.................................................................................................................6
Operating Concern.....................................................................................................7
Data Structure............................................................................................................7
3.1
3.2
3.3
Master Data..............................................................................................................12
4.1
4.2
Characteristics:.............................................................................................................. 8
Value Fields:..................................................................................................................9
Characteristic Derivation..............................................................................................12
Valuation using material costing..................................................................................12
COGS from Valuation Type..........................................................................................13
CO-PA Planning:.......................................................................................................15
5.1 Planning Layout........................................................................................................... 15
5.2 Planning Framework....................................................................................................17
5.2.1
Planning Level......................................................................................................17
5.2.2
Planning Packaging..............................................................................................17
5.2.3
Parameter set ..................................................................................................18
5.2.4
Overhead Planning ..........................................................................................18
7
8
PA Transfer Structure...................................................................................................20
Transfer of Billing Documents:.....................................................................................22
Production Variances:..................................................................................................27
Settling Projects / Orders:............................................................................................27
Direct Posting from Financial Accounting:...................................................................27
Periodic Overhead Allocations:....................................................................................28
CO-PA Manual Document entry:..................................................................................29
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Other than Valuation Type MFG, normally system pass the standard cost estimate to all the
valuation types, based on the Costing assignment to the Material Type. The COGS Value
need to be passed on to Key Material Value field in case of Valuation Type other then MFG.
.............................................................................................................................................. 31
8.4 : Project/Sales order Settlement:.................................................................................31
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Introduction
CO-PA is a tool to analyze the sales results of an organization. It is enable to evaluate the
market segments structured according to products, customers, orders or any combination of
these with respect to contribution margin.
The aim of this is to provide your sales, marketing, planning, and management organizations
with information to internal accounting and decision-support from a market-oriented viewpoint.
It collects data such as revenues from sales order/billing document and costs from process
order, cost center or internal order.
Profitability Analysis can be defined in two ways:
In Costing-based Profitability Analysis it groups costs and revenues according to value fields
with costing based valuation approach.
In Account-based Profitability Analysis it groups costs and revenue elements with accountbased valuation approach which means always reconciled with Financial Accounting.
The major difference between Account based and Costing-based Profitability Analysis is when
post goods issue is happened values will be transferred to COPA in Account-based Profitability
Analysis, where as in case of Costing-based Profitability Analysis sales data will be transferred
only after billing documents posted. Thus it recognizes the revenue only after billing process is
completed to form contribution margin.
When it collects costs and revenues it also collects the associated characteristics and value
fields which help in framing the relevant reports.
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Using CO-PA module, various levels of reports can be generated in the following combinations;
Operating Concern
An Operating Concern represents an organizational unit in the company for which the sales
market has a uniform structure. It is the valuation level for Profitability Analysis (CO-PA).
The operating concern is the highest reporting level within CO-PA, it defines the limit of sales
and marketing information, which can be reported together from this module. One or more
controlling areas are assigned to an operating concern when organizational structures are
defined.
1000
Fiscal year
Currency
Data Structure
In Profitability Analysis master data such as Characteristics and Value Fields are directly linked
to structures. The combination of particular characteristics values forms the actual analysis of
object called Profitability Segment.
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The data structure will organize the costs and revenues onto how it will be displayed or
analysed.1000- ARCH operating concern will be used in order to determine the structure of
profitability segments. The data structure is defined by Characteristics and Value Fields as
described in the subsequent narratives.
3.1 Characteristics:
Characteristics are nothing but those aspects we want to break down the profit logically such as
a customer, a region, a sales office etc can be defined as a characteristic on which profitability
analysis is to be performed.
Characteristics are SAP Delivered and Customer specific.
In Arch Pharmalabs Limited some of the individual characteristics will be grouped as below and
derived from the Sales Document and its dependent master data:
The following are the Characteristics used for Arch.
Field
Description
Table
Field
AUART
AUGRU
BONUS
BRSCH
BWTAR
BZIRK
CHARG
COPA_KOSTL
EFORM
GEBIE
KDGRP
KMBRND
KMVTNR
KMWNHG
VBAK
VBAK
MVKE
KNA1
VBAP
KNVV
VBAP
AUART
AUGRU
BONUS
BRSCH
BWTAR
BZIRK
CHARG
KNVV
KDGRP
PAPARTNER
VRTNR
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Zone
AcctAssgGr
Acct asgnmt grp
Country
ABC Indicator
Material Group
Material Type
MaterialGroup 1
MaterialGroup 2
MaterialGroup 3
ProdHier01-1
ProdHier01-2
ProdHier01-3
Partner
Proj.type
Prod.hierarchy
Current proj no
Sales ord.hist.
Sales Office
Sales Group
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KNVV
VBAP
KNA1
MARC
MARA
MARA
MVKE
MVKE
MVKE
MVKE
MVKE
MVKE
KTGRD
KTGRM
LAND1
MAABC
MATKL
MTART
MVGR1
MVGR2
MVGR3
PAPH1
PAPH2
PAPH3
PRPS
MVKE
PRPS
PRART
PRODH
PSPHI
KNVV
KNVV
VKBUR
VKGRP
Value Field
Description
ABSMG
ERLOS
MRABA
PRABA
RABAT
AUSFR
Sales quantity
Revenue
Qty discount
Price reduction
Other Discounts
Outgoing Freight
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Dispatch Packag.
Licensing Fees
Ext. Commission
Admin. Overhead
Sales Overhead
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
Job Wrok(Con)-Extern
Job Wrok(Con)-Intern
Services Income
Other Income
Insurance -collected
Freight Collected
Excise Duty on Sales
Discount
Incentive
Commission
Raw materials
Other Deductions
CC Material Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Variance - Material
Variance - Overhead
Variance - Remaining
R & D Expenses
Admin Expenses
Corporate Overheads
Selling Expenses
Price variance
Unabsorbed Product C
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Unabsorbed Overheads
Inventory Revaluation
Inventory written of
Job-work-out-Charges
Depreciation Other
Financial Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Excise Exp On Sales
Overhead-Liq Nitroze
In Sales pricing procedures, certain condition types are defined as statistical in some pricing
procedures and the same condition types are real conditions in other pricing procedures.
To eliminate the statistical condition type flow to the billing document, we have use the condition
type elimination configuration. It is possible where ever separate billing type is available for
statistical conditions.
GAP : Where ever the billing type clarity is not available, CO-PA exit need to be written to
eliminate the statistical condition type flow to the CO-PA.
For example Excise Revenue is real condition in domestic revenue. But the same condition type
is statistical in deemed exports pricing procedure. For both the cases one billing document type
zf10 is being used.
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Valuation Type
Batch
Manufacturing Plant
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- BWTAR
- CHARG
- WW100
Master Data
Operating Point of
Concern
Valuation
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
1000
01
Cost
Compt
Structure
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Cost
Component
10
20
30
40
50
60
64
68
69
10
70
Fixed &
Variable
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Value
Field
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV335
VV340
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03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
64
68
69
1000
03
10
70
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Material - Key
Material - Solvent
Material - Other
Material - Packing
Overhead Labour
Overhead Power
Overhead Water
Overhead Fuel
Overhead liquid
nitrogen
Overhead - Other Mfg
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV335
VV340
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Valuation Type
Access sequence 0010 - Arch Valuation Type has been defined and assigned the Condition
Type 900- CO Area/CoCode/Val. Type.
Condition Type Z100 - Arch Val-COGS as Pricing condition and will be assigned the Access
Sequence 0010.
Costing Sheet Z00001- Arch COPA Costing Sheet COGS will be assigned the condition
Type Z100.
Valuation field VRPRS will be assigned to the Condition Type Z100.
A condition Record will be created to transfer the value based on the valuation type (Tcode
KE41) in the following combination:
Condition Type
Z100
Controlling Area
1000
Company Code
1000
Valid From
Date
CO-PA Planning:
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Planning in Profitability Analysis allows planning sales, revenue and profitability data for any
selected profitability segments. Display the entire planning process of the company in different
ways, depending on the business demands.
Sales and profit planning is generally perceived as an integrated process involving different
roles within profitability and sales accounting. Distinctions are often made between the different
approaches used, such as central top-down planning and local bottom-up planning.
The planning tool in Profitability Analysis offers all those involved in the planning process a
uniform, graphical planning interface that is straightforward and modern.
An iterative sales and profit planning process consisting of a number of individual planning
steps, in which existing planning data is copied, projected into the future, revaluated, adjusted
manually, and distributed top-down until they obtain a sales and profit plan that fulfills the
enterprise's requirements. To support the individual steps of a planning process, the planning
tool for Profitability Analysis offers a wide range of planning methods and planning aids that can
be used to create planning data and to modify it to suit the company needs. These include
automatic methods that allow you to produce data automatically for an entire plan or to carry out
changes on that data, and functions that allow you to enter planning data manually.
The following are the basic data required to carry out the CO-PA planning, in SAP system:
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PLANYEAR Arch Sales Plan Yearly, which will consist of the following structure:
Characteristic 1 - Customer
Characteristic 2 - Product
Characteristic 3 - Plant
Characteristic 4 - Sales Organisation
Characteristic 5 Division
Characteristic 5 Company Code
Value Field 1 - Quantity-Base UOM - Unit of Measure
Value Field 2 - Quantity-Base UOM
Value Field 4 - Sales Revenue
Value Field 5 - Other Revenue
Value Field 6 - Excise Duty Recovered
Value Field 7 - Outgoing Freight
Value Field 8 - Sales Commission
Value Field 9 - Discount
Value Field 10 - Insurance
Value Field 11 - Clearing Charges
Value Field 12 CC Material -Key
Value Field 13 - CC Material - Solvents
Value Field 14 - CC Material - Other
Value Field 15 CC Material- Packing
Value Field 16 CC Overhead - Labour
Value Field 17 CC Overhead - Power
Value Field 18 CC Overhead - Water
Value Field 19 CC Overhead - Fuel
Value Field 20 - CC Overhead Other Mfg
Value fields assigned with Characteristic values are as follows:
Plan/Act. Indicator
- 1 Planning data
Version
- 0 Plan/actual version
General Data Selection 1 - Record Type
General Data Selection 2 - From Period/year
General Data Selection 2 - To Period/year
General Data Selection 3 - CO Area
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5.2.1
Planning Level
The planning level to determine the level at which planning is to occur. In the planning level will
be specified the characteristics for planning. Planning level needs to be synchronized with
planning layout, lead column and general data selection:
ZARCH - Arch Pharmalabs COPA Planning: Consist of the following Characteristics:
Controlling Area
Company Code
Sales Organization
Division
Period / Year
Plant
Customer
Product
Record Type
Version
5.2.2
Planning Packaging
Characteristic values will be specified in a planning package. In this way, you determine the
market segment for which planning is to take place for a particular period. A planning package
can thereby be seen as a work package that determines which planning objects are relevant to
a specific planner.
ZP001 - Planning Package
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5.2.3
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Parameter set
A parameter set contains all the settings necessary for executing a planning method. The
Layout for planning method execution is configured in Parameter Set. To enter or display your
planning data Microsoft Excel can be used as interface in Parameter set.
ZPS001 - Arch Parameter Set
Parameter Set Consist of the following parameters:
Planning layout
Currency
Valuation
Excel Interface
5.2.4
ZARCHYEAR
- INR
- Automatic Valuation
- Based on need basis it can be activated in parameter set
Overhead Planning
In Financial accounting Arch will get the broader view for Revenues & Expenses. In Controlling,
the same is analysed in detail with the help of various cost objects like Cost Center, Process
orders, Profitability Segments, etc.
These expenses are then allocated further in Controlling. For example, If one department is
providing services to another department, the cost from the service provider cost center (Sender
cost center) should be allocated to receiver cost center. The cost of Production department
should be charged to a product based on the Machine hours or Labour hours etc. The transfer
of cost from One cost object like Cost center, Process order to another is called Allocation
Allocation of Cost from Cost Center to CO-PA
This document explains the process for Assessment of Planned costs from Cost center to
Profitability Analysis. This is a method of internal cost allocation by which costs of a sender
Cost center are allocated to receiver PA Segments. This is done by defining Assessment cycles.
In cycles we have several segments (Sub-cycles). In each segment, we have to define sender
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Cost center , receiver PA Segment(s) & a basis of allocation. The basis of allocation can be of
following types
TYPE
Fixed basis
Fixed basis
Fixed basis
Variable basis
Variable basis
Variable basis
Variable basis
Variable basis
Variable basis
BASIS
Fixed percentage
Fixed portions (Ratio)
Fixed amount
Actual cost of receiver
Planned cost of receiver
Actual SKF of receiver
Planned SKF of receiver
Actual Activities of receiver
Planned Activities of receiver
Source of Cost
Before the start of the year, Cost expenses plan will be prepared for each cost center. This
expense plan then will be maintained in the system, part of the Cost Center Planning process.
Remark
Total cost
Total cost
Value Field
VV580
VV550
Total cost
Total cost
VV505
VV510
Based on the above nature of expenses, the rules need to be defined in the CO-PA assessment
cycle, the same will be executed in planning. The rules used for Actual data allocation would be
applied for Planned data allocation.
While defining the rules, Profit center (field) is mandatory & must be updated in CO-PA.
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After allocating the Planned costs from these cost centers, the balance in the senders would be
zero.
Profitability Analysis can receive actual data from the following R/3 applications:
CO-OM (assessment of cost center and process costs, activity and process allocation,
order settlement)
CO-PC (valuation using material cost estimates, settlement of cost objects, production
variances)
Each CO-PA-relevant transaction in SAP (such as invoicing) triggers the creation of line items in
COPA. The data posted in CO-PA is determined through automatic and manual mappings, and
through derivation and valuation configuration.
Internal orders
Sales orders
Projects
Process order
- Component CO
- Component SD
- Component PS
- Component PP-PI
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To settle the order or project to a profitability segment, a settlement rule must be assigned in
the respective sender objects. Maintain the master data for the order or project, necessary
settlement profile.
The settlement profile of the order, must allow settling to profitability segments.
PI01 - Process order
PA Transfer Structure Z0- Arch Process Order -COPA
Z0 - Arch Process Order -COPA
Line
ID
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
Line Description
Mat-Input price variance
Mat-Input quantity variance
Mat-Resource-usage
variance
Mat-Remaining input
variance
Mat-Mixed-price variance
Mat-Output price variance
Mat-Lot size-/fixed-cost
varia
Mat-Remaining variance
Mat-Scrap
OH-Input price variance
OH-Input quantity variance
OH-Resource-usage
variance
OH-Remaining input
variance
OH-Mixed-price variance
OH-Output price variance
OH-Lot size-/fixed-cost
varian
OH-Remaining variance
OH-Scrap
Sender CE
Group
MATCOST
MATCOST
Variance
Type
PRIV
QTYV
MATCOST
RSUV
MATCOST
MATCOST
MATCOST
INPV
MXPV
OPPV
MATCOST
MATCOST
MATCOST
SECCOST
SECCOST
LSFV
REMV
SCRP
PRIV
QTYV
SECCOST
RSUV
SECCOST
SECCOST
SECCOST
INPV
MXPV
OPPV
SECCOST
SECCOST
SECCOST
LSFV
REMV
SCRP
Variance Description
Input Price Variance
Input Quantity Variance
Resource-Usage
Variance
Remaining Input
Variance
Mixed-Price Variance
Output Price Variance
Lot SizeVar/FixedCostVar
Remaining Variance
Scrap
Input Price Variance
Input Quantity Variance
Resource-Usage
Variance
Remaining Input
Variance
Mixed-Price Variance
Output Price Variance
Lot SizeVar/FixedCostVar
Remaining Variance
Scrap
Value
Field
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV350
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
VV355
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Line Description
Production Costs
Sender Cost
Elements
90031150 to
90031160
Revenues
90050100
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Value Field
VRPRS
ERLOS
business. The Sales Order data can be viewed with Record Type A
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Condition Text
Inland Comm Amt Item
Oversea Com Amt Item
Conversion Charges
Discount Amount Item
Imp Duty- Unload Pt
Freight Amount Item
Insurance Amt Item
Other Incidental Chg
Basic Price-Dom
Job Work Rate
Depot Base Price
CIF Price
Project Service Cost
Third Party Price
IN: A/R BED %
IN A/R E-Cess
A/R Sec & Hr ECS
Internal price
Value Fields
VV205
VV205
VV101
VV200
ERLOS
VV112
VV111
VV104
ERLOS
VV101
ERLOS
ERLOS
VV103
ERLOS
VV119
VV119
VV119
VRPRS
The following values fields have been reset (to zero) for the billing types:
Bill
Doc
Type
ZF56
ZF57
Description
Deemed Export
Merchant Export
Value
field
VV119
VV119
Description
Excise Duty on Sales
Excise Duty on Sales
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ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV119
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
Excise Duty on Sales
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
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ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV119
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
Excise Duty on Sales
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
Sales quantity
COGS
Sales Qty-SKU
CC Material - Key
CC Matetial- Solvent
CC Material- Other
CC Material- Packing
CC Overhead- Labour
CC Overhead- Power
CC Overhead- Water
CC Overhead- Fuel
CC Overhead-OtherMfg
Job-work-in-OH Cost
Cost Of Purchas z100
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VV119
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
ABSMG
VRPRS
VV100
VV300
VV305
VV310
VV315
VV320
VV325
VV330
VV335
VV340
VV348
VV349
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Internal orders and projects can be used to control the costs of an internal activity, such
as the costs of an advertising campaign. The costs of the activity are posted to the order
and collected there. At the end of the activity, they are settled to the appropriate
profitability segments, such as the product range and sales area.
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GAP : While making direct posting to the CO-PA, System does not validate for the characters to
be entered in the document. User has to key in the characters properly.
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characteristics groups and value field groups and assigning them to record types, can reduce
the number of the characteristics or value fields need to enter and achieve the desired amount.
The CO-PA information system uses an online reporting tool - called "drilldown reporting" ,
which allows to evaluate the data collected in Profitability Analysis. With this tool we can select
the desired dataset according to any of the characteristics in our CO-PA system.
It is possible to display several profitability segments for any key figure, or several key figures
for any profitability segment.
The CO-PA information system provides a number of different ways to analyze profitability data.
We can define and display profitability reports to analyze the characteristics that are contained
in the segment level for an operating concern.
When defining the profitability report, it is possible to specify the different analysis criteria mainly
by selecting characteristics and value fields.
Some of the MIS reports for Sales and Profitability Analysis of ARCH would be generated
through CO-PA.
The following is the report expected from the system and need to be generated through report
tools:
Gross Sales
Less: Excise Duty
Net Sales Level I
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Less: Discount/Commission
Less: Freight Outward / Octroi
Net Sales Level II
Less: Cost of Goods Sold (R.M. Cost, Direst Cost, Power/Fuel, Manufacturing Ohds)
Net Contribution
Enhancement/GAPS
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