Open SQL Statements in SAP ABAP

Using Open SQL statements to update, insert, modify, delete

records in database tables in SAP
Open SQL statements which are used to modify database table records in
SAP ABAP programming
OPEN SQL Statements are those statements which are used to update or modify database table
data.
The open SQL statements are.

INSERT
Is used to insert data into a database table, data can be inserted into database table using two
ways.
Insert record from internal table
Syntax: INSERT <DB TABLE> FROM TABLE <INTERNAL TABLE>.

Insert record from work area

Syntax: INSERT <DB TABLE> FROM <WA>.

UPDATE
Is used to update data in database table, data can be inserted into database table using two
ways.
Update record from internal table
Syntax: UPDATE <DB TABLE> FROM TABLE <INTERNAL TABLE>.

Update record from work area

Syntax: UPDATE <DB TABLE> FROM <WA>.

MODIFY
Is used to modify data in database table, data can be inserted into database table using two
ways.
Update record from internal table

Syntax: MODIFY <DB TABLE> FROM TABLE <INTERNAL TABLE>.

Update record from work area

Syntax: MODIFY <DB TABLE> FROM <WA>.

DELETE
Is used to delete data from database table, data can be inserted into database table using two
ways.
Update record from internal table
Syntax: DELETE <DB TABLE> FROM TABLE <INTERNAL TABLE>.

Update record from work area

Syntax: DELETE <DB TABLE> FROM <WA>.

Using Lock Objects on OPEN

SQL statements
Lock Objects
Lock objects are used to synchronize the multiple set of users who are accessing the same set of
data.
There are three types of locks.
1. Exclusive Lock.
2. Shared Lock.
3. Exclusive but not cumulative lock.
Exclusive Lock
The locked data can be read or proceed one user only. A request for another exclusive lock for a
shared lock is rejected.
Shared Lock
Several users can read the same data at the same time, but as same as a user edits the data,a
second user can not longer access this data. Requests for further shared locks are accepted, but
exclusive locks are rejected.
Exclusive but not cumulative lock.
Exclusive locks can be requested by the same user more than once and handled successfully,
but an exclusive but not cumulative lock can only be requested once by a given user, all the other
lock requests are rejected.

Use of lock objects

Lock objects are used when ever we are modifying or updating or inserting or deleting the
database table data using OPEN SQL statements.
Lock objects are part of data dictionary objects, when ever we create a lock object using data
dictionary, two function modules will be generated automatically in the back end.
All custom objects in SAP starts with Y or Z except lock objects.Lock objects starts with EZ or EY.
Name of the generated function modules are with following naming convention .
ENQUE_<LOCK OBJECT NAME>. "USED TO PUT A LOCK ON DATABASE TABLE RECORD
DEQUE_<LOCK OBJECT NAME>. "USED TO RELEASE LOCK ON DATABASE TABLE RECORD

*HERE <LOCK OBJECT NAME> IS THE LOCK OBJECT NAME WHICH IS CREATED IN DATA
DICTIONARY

Creating Lock Objects in SAP

Lock Objects are the part of data dictionary objects, lock objects can be created in SE11 T-code,
lock objects always starts with E, (these are the only custom objects that dosen`t start with Z in
SAP).

Creating a lock object in SAP

Lock objects are data dictionary objects, can be created in SE11, follow below steps to create
lock object.
Example: Here I am creating a lock object to insert, delete, update for table ZSTUDENT table in
SAP.
Go to SE11, provide lock object name as EZSTUDENT, create.

Provide short description, select tables tab, provide table name and lock mode, save and
activate.

When ever we create a lock object two function modules will be created, go to SE37, check FM`s
DEQUEUE_EZSTUDENT and ENQUEUE_EZSTUDENT.

Using the lock object to update/insert table

When ever we create a lock object, two function modules(ENQUEUE and DEQUEUE) will be
created, we have to call those function modules before and after open SQL statements, refer
program below.
REPORT ZSAN_LOCKOBJECT.

DATA : IT_STUDENT TYPE TABLE OF ZSTUDENT,

WA_STUDENT TYPE ZSTUDENT.

WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID = '09'.
WA_STUDENT-NAME = 'SAPNuts'.
WA_STUDENT-LASTNAME = 'SAPNuts'.
WA_STUDENT-FATHER = 'SAP'.
WA_STUDENT-DOB = '25/09/2013'.
WA_STUDENT-GENDER = 'Male'.
WA_STUDENT-COURSE = 'SAP ABAP'.
WA_STUDENT-EMAIL = 'admin@sapnuts.com'.
WA_STUDENT-FEE = '0000'.

CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_EZSTUDENT' "add lock

EXPORTING

MODE_ZSTUDENT = 'E'
MANDT

= SY-MANDT

STUDENTID

= WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID "record to lock, optional parameter

* X_STUDENTID = ' '

* _SCOPE
* _WAIT

= '2'
=''

* _COLLECT

=''

* EXCEPTIONS
* FOREIGN_LOCK = 1
* SYSTEM_FAILURE
* OTHERS

=2

=3

.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
MODIFY ZSTUDENT FROM WA_STUDENT.
ENDIF.

CALL FUNCTION 'DEQUEUE_EZSTUDENT' "release lock

EXPORTING
MODE_ZSTUDENT = 'E'
MANDT

= SY-MANDT

STUDENTID

= WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID "record to release lock, optional parameter

* X_STUDENTID = ' '

* _SCOPE
* _SYNCHRON
* _COLLECT
.

= '3'
=''
=''

Examples OPEN SQL

Statements in SAP ABAP
Below is the example program on INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE examples using lock objects.

REPORT ZSAN_LOCKOBJECT.
DATA : IT_STUDENT TYPE TABLE OF ZSTUDENT,
WA_STUDENT TYPE ZSTUDENT.
WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID = '10'.
WA_STUDENT-NAME = 'SAPNuts'.
WA_STUDENT-LASTNAME = 'SAPNuts'.
WA_STUDENT-FATHER = 'SAP'.
WA_STUDENT-DOB = '25/09/2013'.
WA_STUDENT-GENDER = 'Male'.
WA_STUDENT-COURSE = 'SAP ABAP'.
WA_STUDENT-EMAIL = 'admin@sapnuts.com'.
WA_STUDENT-FEE = '0000'.
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_EZSTUDENT' "add lock
EXPORTING
MODE_ZSTUDENT = 'E'
MANDT

= SY-MANDT

STUDENTID

= WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
INSERT ZSTUDENT FROM WA_STUDENT. "insert record
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
WRITE:/ 'Record inserted'.
ENDIF.
UPDATE ZSTUDENT FROM WA_STUDENT. "update record
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
WRITE:/ 'Record updated'.
ENDIF.
DELETE ZSTUDENT FROM WA_STUDENT. "delete record
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.

WRITE:/ 'Record deleted'.

ENDIF.
ENDIF.

CALL FUNCTION 'DEQUEUE_EZSTUDENT' "release lock

EXPORTING
MODE_ZSTUDENT = 'E'
MANDT
STUDENTID

= SY-MANDT
= WA_STUDENT-STUDENTID.