Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENCABEZADO
El documento que se elabore para cada mdulo debe contener la siguiente tabla como
encabezado:
Nombre de la
asignatura
Crditos acadmicos
de la asignatura
Ingls Bsico
2
Catalina Puentes
Juan Camilo Salgado
Anglica Pinto
Natalia Cifuentes
Lorena Idrraga
INTRODUCCIN
Los idiomas son la mayor herencia que tenemos en cualquier pas, con el reflejamos
nuestros rasgos culturales ms importantes en cualquier parte del mundo, es por eso
que el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua es enriquecedor para nuestra vida personal,
profesional, pero sobre todo para aumentar nuestro nivel cultural.
El programa de Ingls Virtual est elaborado, para que el estudioso mejore el desarrollo
de habilidades y destrezas para obtener una competencia ptima que le permita
desenvolverse en diferentes situaciones comunicativas cotidianas.
En el presente texto, se abordarn los contenidos gramaticales que se aprendern
durante el curso Ingls Bsico. Estos contenidos se estudiarn tomando como eje
central el uso del lenguaje para la vida cotidiana.
COMPETENCIAS DE LA ASIGNATURA
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
ESTRUCTURA TEMTICA
1.
Mdulo 1
1.1 To be, including question+negatives
1.2 Pronouns: simple, personal
1.3 Possessive adjectives
1.4 Indefinite articles
2.
Mdulo 2
2.1 Demostrative Pronouns
2.2 Possesive Pronouns
2.3 Yes/No Questions and WH questions)
2.4 There is, there are
3.
Mdulo 3
3.1 Countable and Uncountable
3.2 Object Pronouns
3.3 Prepositions.
3.4 Simple Present
IDEOGRAMA
CONTENIDO
MDULO 1
1.1 THE VERB TO BE
The verb to be is an irregular verb in the English language. It is also a linking verb that
shows the existence or the condition of a subject. It is used in affirmative, negative, and
questions.
Form
VERB BE
am
are
is
is
Is
Are
Are
Are
CONTRACTION
Im
Youre
Hes
Shes
Its
Were
Youre
Theyre
Hes cold.
Im a
teacher.
Image1.2 http://bit.ly/1L9XMaE
They re happy.
Were rich!
Image1.4 http://bit.ly/1I2ITq7
Negative Form
VERB BE
am not
are not
is not
is not
is not
are not
are not
are not
CONTRACTION
Im not
Youre not
Hes not
Shes not
Its not
Were not
Youre not
Theyre not
EXAMPLES
Were not
teachers.
Image 1.5 http://bit.ly/1Dh8FQ0
Image 1.7
http://bit.ly/1CE6QSC
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Yes No questions with verb To Be:
Form
VERB BE
Am
Are
Is
Is
Is
Are
Are
Are
SUBJECT
I?
you.?
he .?
she .?
it .?
we .?
you .?
they .?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, you are.
No, youre not.
Yes, I am.
No, Im not
Yes, he is.
No, hes not
Yes, she is.
No, shes not.
Yes, it is.
No, its not.
Yes, we are.
No, were not.
Yes, we are.
No, were not.
Yes, they are.
No, theyre not.
EXAMPLES
Am I
late?
Yes,
you are.
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Are you
happy?
Yes, I am.
Is your dad
in his 40s?
No, hes
not. Hes
50.
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WH questions with verb To Be:
WH QUESTIONS
Where
How
Who
When
What
Why
VERB TO BE
are
are
is
is
is
are
SUBJECT
you
you
he?
your birthday?
your name?
they
COMPLEMENT
from?
today?
Here?
What: things
Pay attention
Where: place
Who: people
How: the way
When: time
EXAMPLES
Why: reason
Im from
USA.
Image 1. 13 Two+Guys+Walking2.png
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When is your
birthday?
Its in
August.
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Example:
Object Pronouns: (Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them) replace the object in the
sentence. An object is the noun that receives the action in a sentence.
Example:
Sarah has two children; she takes them to school every day.
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Pay
attention
To show something
belongs to somebody:
My mother is a teacher.
How old is your uncle?
SUBJECT
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Them
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EXAMPLES
My car is new.
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The article a / an is used when we don't specify the things or people we are
talking about:
Example:
I met a friend.
I work in a factory in New York.
I borrowed a pencil from a passenger sitting next to me.
Example:
a dog.
a pilot
a teacher.
a university
NOTE:
Although 'university' starts with the vowel 'u', it is not
pronounced as such. It is pronounced as a consonant
sound /ju:.niv3:.si.ti/
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Example:
an engineer.
an elephant.
an athlete
It is unusual to use a/an for uncountable nouns. You can't say "I'd like a milk"
EXAMPLE:
a nurse
a plumber
a politician
a marketing executive
image 1. 23 http://bit.ly/1KiGpV2
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EXAMPLE:
a pair of jeans
a few minutes
twice a year
50 miles an hour
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MDULO 2
2.1 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
USE:
Demonstrative pronouns are those that identify or point to a thing or things and occasionally
persons.
They can be both singular and plural and they refer to nouns that are either nearby or far
away in time or space.
There are only four demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those. This and that refer to
singular nouns and these and those identify plural nouns.
The singular this and the plural these refer to a person or thing near the
speaker.
Example:
This is my car. (singular)
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The singular that and the plural those refer to a person or thing far away from
the speaker.
Example:
NEGATIVE FORM:
Demostatrive pronoun +
EXAMPLE:
negative verb to be +
complement
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INTERROGATIVE FORM
EXAMPLE:
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EXAMPLE :
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These are my notebooks
What is that?
That is my pipe
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In the phrase, "These glasses are mine, not yours", the words "mine" and "yours" are
possessive pronouns and stand for "my glasses" and "your glasses," respectively.
The words "mine, yours, his, hers, its , ours, theirs" are possessive pronouns.
They show who or what something belongs to.
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EXAMPLES:
Image 2. 15 http://bit.ly/1TOymRn
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Yes/No questions
WH questions
YES/NO QUESTIONS
These are the questions whose expected answer is either "yes" or "no".
Form:
To make Yes/No questions, we use the following order:
Verb to Be:
Do/does:
subject +
Question
Are you Canadian?
Is she tall?
Do/does
Affirmative answer
Yes, I am.
Yes, she is.
+
subject +
verb
Question
Do you play baseball?
Does she live in Japan?
Do they want a pen?
Affirmative answer
Yes, I do.
Yes, she does.
Yes, they do.
adjective/noun?
Negative answer
No, I am not.
No, she isnt.
+
complement?
Negative answer
No, I dont.
No, she does not.
No, they dont.
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WH QUESTIONS
Form:
Form:
Verb to
tobe:
be:
Verb
WH++ verb
verb to
tobe
be++ complement?
complement?
WH
Other verbs:
verbs: WH
WH++ auxiliary
auxiliary verb
verb ++main
main verb
verb ++complement?
complement?
Other
IMPERATIVES
The imperative form is made by using the bare infinitive of the verb (the infinitive
without 'to').
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How to make an omelet?
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FORM
Affirmative
In affirmative sentences we use the following structure:
is (singular/ uncountable)
There
+ complement.
are (plural)
Negative
In negative sentences we use the following structure:
isnt (singular/ uncountable)
There
+ complement.
arent (plural)
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Questions
To form the questions, we change the order in the sentence. We use the following structure:
Is (singular/ uncountable)
there
+ complement.
Are (plural)
Examples:
There is a dog in the bed. (Singular- Countable)
Image 2.21 http://bit.ly/1OuGCmD
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MDULO 3
3.1 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
FORM:
Countable nouns:
Countable nouns can be counted. They can also be used using numbers. To make the singular form of
these nouns, we add the determiner "a" or "an". In most of the cases, we add an s to make the plural form
of these nouns.
Examples:
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Uncountable nouns:
There are some things that cannot be counted in English. These nouns are generally a single concept or
one big thing which is hard to divide. There are not plural forms of these words, so we always have to use
singular form with them.
water
coffee
milk
air
oxygen
Solid and
Granular
Substances
wood
metal
cheese
sand
rice
Energy Words
and Forces
electricity
sunshine
radiation
heat
magnetism
Subjects
French
chemistry
economics
science
math
Grouped
Concepts
fruit
money
food
vocabulary
news
Information
and Abstract
Concepts
information
advice
education
democracy
intelligence
Examples:
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. For example
PRONOUNS
Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We
You (plural)
They
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
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Examples
I like my friend Mike but he doesnt like me
They listened to me very carefully during the lesson
We watched them all in the new TV.
She loves him very much
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3.3 PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are the words that we use to refer to a place, the most common are in,
at, on, they are used like this:
AT
At tells us that the following noun is located at a specific point or location. It shows an exact
position.
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IN
In tells us the noun is in an enclosed space (surround or closed off on all sides). Basically,
when something is inside something.
ON
On tells us that the following noun is located on a surface. Use on when one thing is attached
to or touching something.
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Examples:
Form
Affirmative
When we talk about Affirmatives the order is
SUBJECT
VERB
wake up
COMPLEMENT
+ at 7:00 am
Important: When the subject is a third person (he, she it) you need to add an s for the verb
following the rules below
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Examples:
She writes an essay for her class
He watches TV very often
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Adverbs of frequency
When we talk about routine actions it is necessary to mention the frequency in which
the subject repeats the action, the adverbs of frequency are the words that indicate
how often an action happens.
Position
The adverbs of frequency are position between the subject and the verb
SUBJECT
He
ADVERB
rarely
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NEGATIVE
To create the Negative you need to use the auxiliaries
DO
I, YOU WE THEY
DOES
HE SHE IT
Form
SUBJECT
Sandra
AUXILIAR
doesnt
MAIN VERB
go to school +
COMPLEMENT
on Sunday
Questions
To create que questions we use the same auxiliaries from the negation but change the form
of the sentence
Auxiliary + Subject+ Verb + Complement
Do + you+ get up + at 7:00am?
The open questions are formed like this:
WH + auxiliary+ subject+ verb?
Where does she live?
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REFERENCES
Images
Image 1.1 illustration of a teacher. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I3jKtr
Image 1.2 Untitled illustration of a person being cold. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1L9XMaE
Image 1.3 Illustration of happy people. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1MawilE
Image 1.4 Illustration of a wealthy family. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I2ITq7
Image 1.7 Untitled illustration of a sick girl. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1CE6QSC
Image 1.9 Illustration of a woman running late. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/business-woman-running-late-26674321.jpg
Image 1.10 Illustration of a man waiting. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 waiting300x190.png
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Image 1.12 Untitled illustration of two people talking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1TCIXie
Image 1.14 Untitled illustration of two people talking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1TCIXie
Image 1.15 Untitled illustration of a boy playing soccer. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1HAy9tm
Image 1.16 Illustrtion of a super mom. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 super-mom-realorder-professional-organizing.png
Image 1.17 Illustration of a teen driver. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I6bb16
Image 1.19 Illustration of a couple kissing a dog. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1RBLNXa
Image 1.22 Untitled illustration of a cup of tea. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
https://www.irelandsown.ie/2014/11/03/nothing-like-a-cup-of-tea/
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Image 2.14 Untitled illustration of English pronouns chart. Retrieved July 16, 2015
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-possessivepronouns.php
Image 2.16. Untitled illustration of picture frame. Retrieved July 16, 2015
http://www.babble.com/kid/things-stock-photography-taught-us-aboutparenting/#underwear-pillow-fight
Image 2.17 Yes/No Questions (Verb to Be) Chart. Retrieved July 15, 2015
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/yesnoquestions.html
Image 2.18 Yes/No Questions (Do/Does) Chart. Retrieved July 15, 2015
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/yesnoquestions.html
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http://freedesignfile.com/upload/2014/01/Amusing-cartoon-people-design-vector.jpg
Image 3.9 Untitled illustration of Manuela Beltrn symbol. Retrieved July 14, 2015
http://galeon.hispavista.com/egresadosumb/img/logo
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