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AUTORA NIVEL BSICO

ENCABEZADO
El documento que se elabore para cada mdulo debe contener la siguiente tabla como
encabezado:
Nombre de la
asignatura
Crditos acadmicos
de la asignatura

Ingls Bsico
2

Nmero y Nombre del


mdulo

Lengua inglesa - Gramtica

Autor del contenido

Catalina Puentes
Juan Camilo Salgado
Anglica Pinto
Natalia Cifuentes
Lorena Idrraga

INTRODUCCIN
Los idiomas son la mayor herencia que tenemos en cualquier pas, con el reflejamos
nuestros rasgos culturales ms importantes en cualquier parte del mundo, es por eso
que el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua es enriquecedor para nuestra vida personal,
profesional, pero sobre todo para aumentar nuestro nivel cultural.
El programa de Ingls Virtual est elaborado, para que el estudioso mejore el desarrollo
de habilidades y destrezas para obtener una competencia ptima que le permita
desenvolverse en diferentes situaciones comunicativas cotidianas.
En el presente texto, se abordarn los contenidos gramaticales que se aprendern
durante el curso Ingls Bsico. Estos contenidos se estudiarn tomando como eje
central el uso del lenguaje para la vida cotidiana.

COMPETENCIAS DE LA ASIGNATURA
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Comprender, y asociar diferentes estructuras gramaticales propias de la lengua


extranjera en situaciones cotidianas.
Utilizar estructuras propias de la lengua asociando correctamente los diferentes
componentes de las estructuras gramaticales propias del idioma Ingls.
Asociar los grupos de palabras vistas en su vida cotidiana
Emplear el pasado participio de los verbos irregulares.
Identificar y usar de forma correcta los verbos compuesto

ESTRUCTURA TEMTICA
1.

Mdulo 1
1.1 To be, including question+negatives
1.2 Pronouns: simple, personal
1.3 Possessive adjectives
1.4 Indefinite articles

2.

Mdulo 2
2.1 Demostrative Pronouns
2.2 Possesive Pronouns
2.3 Yes/No Questions and WH questions)
2.4 There is, there are

3.

Mdulo 3
3.1 Countable and Uncountable
3.2 Object Pronouns
3.3 Prepositions.
3.4 Simple Present

IDEOGRAMA

CONTENIDO
MDULO 1
1.1 THE VERB TO BE
The verb to be is an irregular verb in the English language. It is also a linking verb that
shows the existence or the condition of a subject. It is used in affirmative, negative, and
questions.

Form

Affirmative statements with verb To Be:


SUBECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
EXAMPLES

VERB BE
am
are
is
is
Is
Are
Are
Are

CONTRACTION
Im
Youre
Hes
Shes
Its
Were
Youre
Theyre

Hes cold.
Im a
teacher.

Image 1.1 http://bit.ly/1I3jKtr

Image1.2 http://bit.ly/1L9XMaE

They re happy.
Were rich!

Image 1.3 http://bit.ly/1MawilE

Image1.4 http://bit.ly/1I2ITq7

Negative Form

Negative statements with verb To Be:


SUBECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

VERB BE
am not
are not
is not
is not
is not
are not
are not
are not

CONTRACTION
Im not
Youre not
Hes not
Shes not
Its not
Were not
Youre not
Theyre not

EXAMPLES

Theyre not in a club.

Were not
teachers.
Image 1.5 http://bit.ly/1Dh8FQ0

Image 1.6 http://bit.ly/1La0ddf

Its not Canada.

Shes not ok.

Image 1.7
http://bit.ly/1CE6QSC

Image 1.8 http://bit.ly/1K7BLX8

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Yes No questions with verb To Be:
Form

VERB BE
Am
Are
Is
Is
Is
Are
Are
Are

SUBJECT
I?
you.?
he .?
she .?
it .?
we .?
you .?
they .?

SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, you are.
No, youre not.
Yes, I am.
No, Im not
Yes, he is.
No, hes not
Yes, she is.
No, shes not.
Yes, it is.
No, its not.
Yes, we are.
No, were not.
Yes, we are.
No, were not.
Yes, they are.
No, theyre not.

EXAMPLES

Am I
late?

Image 1.9 http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/business-woman-running-late-26674321.jpg

Yes,
you are.

Image 1.10 waiting-300x190.png

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Are you
happy?
Yes, I am.

Image 1.11 Two+Guys+Walking2.png

Is your dad
in his 40s?

No, hes
not. Hes
50.

Image 1.12 http://bit.ly/1TCIXie

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WH questions with verb To Be:

WH QUESTIONS
Where
How
Who
When
What
Why

VERB TO BE
are
are
is
is
is
are

SUBJECT
you
you
he?
your birthday?
your name?
they

COMPLEMENT
from?
today?
Here?

What: things

Pay attention

Where: place
Who: people
How: the way
When: time

EXAMPLES

Why: reason

Where are you


from?

Im from
USA.

Image 1. 13 Two+Guys+Walking2.png

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When is your
birthday?

Its in
August.

Image 1.14 http://bit.ly/1TCIXi

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1.2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS


Personal pronouns take the place of names of people, places or things. They are used to
replace a specific name to avoid repetition and to help the flow of sentences.
Types of personal pronouns:
Subject Pronouns: (I, You, He, She, It, They, We) replace the name of the subject in
the sentence.

Example:

Richard plays soccer. He is really good at it.

The personal pronoun "he" replaces the name


"Richard"

Image 1.15 http://bit.ly/1HAy9tm

Object Pronouns: (Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them) replace the object in the
sentence. An object is the noun that receives the action in a sentence.
Example:
Sarah has two children; she takes them to school every day.

The object pronoun "them" replaces the word "children"


Image 1.16 super-mom-real-order-professional-organizing.png

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Pay
attention

1.3 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES


Possessive adjectives show possession or ownership of something.

For relations and friends:

To show something
belongs to somebody:

My mother is a teacher.
How old is your uncle?

Thats our car.


My car is very old

For parts of the body:


Hes broken his leg.
Shes washing her hair.
I need to brush my teeth.

SUBJECT

POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Them

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EXAMPLES

My car is new.

Image 1.17 http://bit.ly/1I6bb16

Her boyfriend is very friendly.

Image 1.18 http://bit.ly/1O8Wt9U

Our dog is white.

Image 1.19 http://bit.ly/1RBLNXa

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1.4 INDEFINITE ARTICLE A AN


Use:

The article a / an is used when we don't specify the things or people we are
talking about:

Example:
I met a friend.
I work in a factory in New York.
I borrowed a pencil from a passenger sitting next to me.

The indefinite article a is used before a consonant sound:

Example:

a dog.
a pilot
a teacher.
a university

NOTE:
Although 'university' starts with the vowel 'u', it is not
pronounced as such. It is pronounced as a consonant
sound /ju:.niv3:.si.ti/

Image 1.20 http://bit.ly/1HPdqCm

The indefinite article an is used before a vowel sound:

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Example:
an engineer.
an elephant.
an athlete

Image 1.21 http://bit.ly/1HPdqCm

It is unusual to use a/an for uncountable nouns. You can't say "I'd like a milk"

a/an can be used only with countable nouns.


EXAMPLE:
I'd like a piece of cake.
I lent him a book.
I drank a cup of tea.

Image 1.22 http://bit.ly/1TOxhsS

Before professions and job titles

EXAMPLE:
a nurse
a plumber
a politician
a marketing executive
image 1. 23 http://bit.ly/1KiGpV2

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With some expressions of quantity, amounts and frequency:

EXAMPLE:
a pair of jeans
a few minutes
twice a year
50 miles an hour

Image 1.24 http://bit.ly/1OkUtvd

With expressions with "What ... !":


EXAMPLE:
What a great dress!
What a mess!
What a shame!

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MDULO 2
2.1 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
USE:
Demonstrative pronouns are those that identify or point to a thing or things and occasionally
persons.
They can be both singular and plural and they refer to nouns that are either nearby or far
away in time or space.
There are only four demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those. This and that refer to
singular nouns and these and those identify plural nouns.

The singular this and the plural these refer to a person or thing near the
speaker.

Example:
This is my car. (singular)

These are our children. (plural)

Image 2.1 http://bit.ly/1OkUCyQ


Image 2.2 http://bit.ly/1Ih5b5O
Image 2,3 http://bit.ly/1TOxCMk

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The singular that and the plural those refer to a person or thing far away from
the speaker.

Example:

That is my house. (singular)

Those are my shoes. (plural)

Image 2.4 http://bit.ly/1OkULlL


image 2.5 http://bit.ly/1CTSihz

NEGATIVE FORM:

Demostatrive pronoun +

EXAMPLE:

negative verb to be +

complement

Those arent my keys

Image 2.6 http://bit.ly/1MGdY0N

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That isnt my bag

Image 2.7 http://bit.ly/1LrqK68

INTERROGATIVE FORM

YES/NO QUESTIONS: Verb to be + demostrative pronoun +


complement

EXAMPLE:

Are these your colors?

Image 2.8 http://bit.ly/1IiCuHl

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Is that your uncle?

Image 2.9 http://bit.ly/1DsQkQ3

WH QUESTIONS: WH Word + VERB TO BE + DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUN +


COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLE :

What are these?

Image 2.10 http://bit.ly/1Mn5EG1

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These are my notebooks

What is that?

Image 2.11 http://bit.ly/1eeW7Cd

That is my pipe

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2.2 POSSESIVE PRONOUNS


USE
A possessive pronoun is a part of speech that attributes ownership to someone or
something. Like any other pronoun, it substitutes a noun phrase and can prevent its
repetition.
FOR EXAMPLE:

In the phrase, "These glasses are mine, not yours", the words "mine" and "yours" are
possessive pronouns and stand for "my glasses" and "your glasses," respectively.

This is our house. It's ours.


This is my bedroom. It's mine.
This is my brother's car. It's his.
Image 2.13 http://www.uhdcars.com/car-5

The words "mine, yours, his, hers, its , ours, theirs" are possessive pronouns.
They show who or what something belongs to.

Image 2.14 http://bit.ly/1VqL7U1

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EXAMPLES:

What color is your jacket?

Your jacket is black.


What color is yours?
Mine is blue.
(yours and mine are possessive pronouns yours= your jacket. It functions as a subject
complement in the first example; mine = my jacket .It functions as a subject in the second
example)

My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely

Image 2. 15 http://bit.ly/1TOymRn

Your photos are good. Ours are terrible

Image 2.16 http://bit.ly/1IcJGhU

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2.3 YES/NO QUESTIONS AND WH QUESTIONS (IMPERATIVES)


In English, there are two types of questions:

Yes/No questions
WH questions

YES/NO QUESTIONS
These are the questions whose expected answer is either "yes" or "no".

Form:
To make Yes/No questions, we use the following order:

Verb to Be:

Image 2.17 http://bit.ly/1KiWcQT

Do/does:

Be (am, is, are)

subject +

Question
Are you Canadian?
Is she tall?
Do/does

Affirmative answer
Yes, I am.
Yes, she is.
+
subject +
verb

Question
Do you play baseball?
Does she live in Japan?
Do they want a pen?

Affirmative answer
Yes, I do.
Yes, she does.
Yes, they do.

adjective/noun?
Negative answer
No, I am not.
No, she isnt.
+
complement?
Negative answer
No, I dont.
No, she does not.
No, they dont.

Image 2.18 http://bit.ly/1KiWcQT

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WH QUESTIONS

Image 2.19 http://bit.ly/1g1TAx2

These questions ask for specific information.

Form:
Form:
Verb to
tobe:
be:
Verb

WH++ verb
verb to
tobe
be++ complement?
complement?
WH

Other verbs:
verbs: WH
WH++ auxiliary
auxiliary verb
verb ++main
main verb
verb ++complement?
complement?
Other
IMPERATIVES

The imperative form is made by using the bare infinitive of the verb (the infinitive
without 'to').

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How to make an omelet?

Image 2.20 http://bit.ly/1MmxJNN

Use a minimum of four eggs per omelet.


Heat the oil, not too much heat, just heat it .
Put just one tablespoon of water, not milk, in with the egg.
Mix the eggs up; just lightly beat them with a fork.
Pour that into the hot pan.

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2.4 THERE IS / THERE ARE

FORM
Affirmative
In affirmative sentences we use the following structure:
is (singular/ uncountable)
There

+ complement.
are (plural)

Image 2.25: http://bit.ly/1HOzUmR

Negative
In negative sentences we use the following structure:
isnt (singular/ uncountable)
There

+ complement.
arent (plural)

Image 2.26 http://bit.ly/1HOzUmR

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Questions
To form the questions, we change the order in the sentence. We use the following structure:
Is (singular/ uncountable)
there

+ complement.

Are (plural)

Image 2.27 http://bit.ly/1HOzUmR

Examples:
There is a dog in the bed. (Singular- Countable)
Image 2.21 http://bit.ly/1OuGCmD

There is much traffic. (Non-countable)


Image 2.22: http://bit.ly/1Vpx15t

There are many kids in the park. (Plural- Countable)


Image 2.23: http://bit.ly/1eelCUc

There isnt a TV in the bedroom. (Singular / countable)


There arent any toys in the bedroom (Plural)

Image 2.24 http://bit.ly/1KigdtB

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MDULO 3
3.1 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
FORM:

Countable nouns:
Countable nouns can be counted. They can also be used using numbers. To make the singular form of
these nouns, we add the determiner "a" or "an". In most of the cases, we add an s to make the plural form
of these nouns.
Examples:

There is an apple on the table.

Image 3.1 http://bit.ly/1HRmLcS

There are three cats in the cup

Image 3.2 http://bit.ly/1LAqaBq

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Uncountable nouns:
There are some things that cannot be counted in English. These nouns are generally a single concept or
one big thing which is hard to divide. There are not plural forms of these words, so we always have to use
singular form with them.

Some uncountable nouns belong to one of the following categories:


Liquids and
Gases

water
coffee
milk
air
oxygen

Solid and
Granular
Substances
wood
metal
cheese
sand
rice

Energy Words
and Forces

electricity
sunshine
radiation
heat
magnetism

Subjects

French
chemistry
economics
science
math

Grouped
Concepts

fruit
money
food
vocabulary
news

Information
and Abstract
Concepts
information
advice
education
democracy
intelligence

Image 3.3 http://bit.ly/1LAqksw

Examples:

There is some milk in the glass.


Image 3.4 http://bit.ly/1MirDwQ

There is much sand in the desert


Image 3.5 http://bit.ly/1RMZXoB

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3.2 OBJECT PRONOUNS


Definition
The object pronouns are the forms that are used to name objects that are affected by
the action performed by the subject

. For example

I like soda (I is the subject of the sentence


while soda is the object of the sentence)
When the object of the sentence is a person
we use the object pronouns to establish the
difference between the object and the subject:

Image 3.6: http://bit.ly/1VuqKp5

PRONOUNS
Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We
You (plural)
They

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

Image 3.7 http://bit.ly/1VuqPZM

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Examples
I like my friend Mike but he doesnt like me
They listened to me very carefully during the lesson
We watched them all in the new TV.
She loves him very much

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3.3 PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are the words that we use to refer to a place, the most common are in,
at, on, they are used like this:

AT
At tells us that the following noun is located at a specific point or location. It shows an exact
position.

She is wating at the entrance

Image 3.8 http://bit.ly/1JxR1tn

I study at Manuela Beltrn University

Image 3.9: http://bit.ly/1GCDor0

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IN
In tells us the noun is in an enclosed space (surround or closed off on all sides). Basically,
when something is inside something.

The dog is IN the box.

Image 3.10: http://bit.ly/1CV4Chx

There is a cat in the dining room

Image 3.11: http://bit.ly/1RQstFX

ON
On tells us that the following noun is located on a surface. Use on when one thing is attached
to or touching something.

The apples are on the table

Image 3.12: http://bit.ly/1DuT5k0

The pictures are on the wall

Image 3.13: http://bit.ly/1JfloJj

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3.4 SIMPLE PRESENT


The present simple is used to express an action than is repeated and its usual. The
action can be a habit, a hobby, a description, a daily event or something that happens
Definition
with
a certain frequency

Examples:

The train does not leave at 9 AM.


When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.

Image 3.15: http://bit.ly/1RQsQjU

Form
Affirmative
When we talk about Affirmatives the order is

SUBJECT

VERB

wake up

COMPLEMENT

+ at 7:00 am

Important: When the subject is a third person (he, she it) you need to add an s for the verb
following the rules below

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Image 3.16: http://bit.ly/1HJ6J6S

Examples:
She writes an essay for her class
He watches TV very often

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Adverbs of frequency
When we talk about routine actions it is necessary to mention the frequency in which
the subject repeats the action, the adverbs of frequency are the words that indicate
how often an action happens.

Image 3.17: http://bit.ly/1LDerlB

Position
The adverbs of frequency are position between the subject and the verb
SUBJECT

He

ADVERB

rarely

MAIN VERB AND


COMPLEMENT
goes to the movies

They never play tennis on Sunday

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NEGATIVE
To create the Negative you need to use the auxiliaries
DO

I, YOU WE THEY

DOES

HE SHE IT

Form

SUBJECT

Sandra

AUXILIAR

doesnt

MAIN VERB

go to school +

COMPLEMENT

on Sunday

He doesnt get up 7:00

They dont dance on Saturdays

Image 3.18: http://bit.ly/1HJ7xc6


Image 3.19: http://bit.ly/1LtP6wb

Questions
To create que questions we use the same auxiliaries from the negation but change the form
of the sentence
Auxiliary + Subject+ Verb + Complement
Do + you+ get up + at 7:00am?
The open questions are formed like this:
WH + auxiliary+ subject+ verb?
Where does she live?

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REFERENCES
Images
Image 1.1 illustration of a teacher. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I3jKtr

Image 1.2 Untitled illustration of a person being cold. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1L9XMaE

Image 1.3 Illustration of happy people. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1MawilE

Image 1.4 Illustration of a wealthy family. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I2ITq7

Image 1.5 Illustration of marketing people. Retrieved July 16th, 2015


http://bit.ly/1Dh8FQ0

Image 1.6 Illustration of doctors. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1La0ddf

Image 1.7 Untitled illustration of a sick girl. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1CE6QSC

Image 1.8 Illustration of Colombia. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1K7BLX8

Image 1.9 Illustration of a woman running late. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/business-woman-running-late-26674321.jpg

Image 1.10 Illustration of a man waiting. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 waiting300x190.png

Image 1.11 Illustration of guys walking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015


Two+Guys+Walking2.png

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Image 1.12 Untitled illustration of two people talking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1TCIXie

Image 1.13 Illustration of guys walking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015


Two+Guys+Walking2.png

Image 1.14 Untitled illustration of two people talking. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1TCIXie

Image 1.15 Untitled illustration of a boy playing soccer. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1HAy9tm

Image 1.16 Illustrtion of a super mom. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 super-mom-realorder-professional-organizing.png

Image 1.17 Illustration of a teen driver. Retrieved July 16th, 2015 http://bit.ly/1I6bb16

Image 1.18 Illustration of a young couple. Retrieved July 16th, 2015


http://bit.ly/1O8Wt9U

Image 1.19 Illustration of a couple kissing a dog. Retrieved July 16th, 2015
http://bit.ly/1RBLNXa

Image 1.20 Untitled illustration of a boy. Retrieved July 16, 2015


http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-images-nerd-geek-pointing-finger-point-clipartpicture-cartoon-character-image35920024

Image 1.21 Untitled illustration of an athlete. Retrieved July 16, 2015.


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Image 1.22 Untitled illustration of a cup of tea. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
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Image 1.23 Untitled illustration of a plumber. Retrieved July 16, 2015.


http://www.pipesafe.com.au/plumbing/

Image 1.24 Untitled illustration of a clock. Retrieved July 16, 2015


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Image 1.25 Untitled illustration of a supermarket. Retrieved July 16, 2015


http://guadalulumart.blogspot.com/2014/12/look-after-yourself-lesson-1-1.html

Image 2.1 Untitled illustration of a car. Retrieved July 16, 2015


http://www.webuycarsformore.com/value-car/

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http://www.cic.mx/como-yudar--ninos-que-fueron-victimas-de-undelito/?PageSpeed=noscript

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http://englishleger.eklablog.com/notebook-page-n-1-a109087882

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Versin 3 Julio 2014

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Image 2.11 Untitled illustration of a pipe. Retrieved July 16, 2015


http://howtospendit.ft.com/art/14851-dysfunctional-objects-become-collectors-luxuries

Image 2.12 Untitled illustration of a boy. Retrieved July 16, 2015


http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-nerd-geek-folded-hands-clipart-picturecartoon-character-image35920061

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http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-possessivepronouns.php

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http://www.airsoftech.in/images/logo-boy.jpg

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http://i.imgur.com/3gjAi.jpg

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GUA PARA LA ELABORACIN DE


AUTORAS DE CONTENIDO
Versin 3 Julio 2014

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Image 2.22 Untitled illustration of traffic. Retrieved July 15, 2015


http://s364.photobucket.com/user/daisiebellesmom/media/j0400472.jpg.html

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http://ekladata.com/2Yb7zRbcEFG1JiTfWpH1ndY6V2k.jpg

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http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/there_is_there_are.htm

Image 2.28 Untitled illustration of a city. Retrieved July 15, 2015


https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/there_is_there
_are/elementary-a1-activity/8103

Image 2.29 Untitled illustration of a fridge. Retrieved July 15, 2015


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Image 3.6 Amusing cartoon people. Retrieved July 14, 2015

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Versin 3 Julio 2014

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http://freedesignfile.com/upload/2014/01/Amusing-cartoon-people-design-vector.jpg

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Image 3.9 Untitled illustration of Manuela Beltrn symbol. Retrieved July 14, 2015
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Image 3.14 Untitled illustration of a family. Retrieved July 14


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s400/my%2Bdaily%2Broutine.jpg

Image 3.16 Untitled illustration of third person rules. Retrieved July 14


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Image 3.17 Untitled illustration of adverbs of frequency. Retrieved July 14


http://image.slidesharecdn.com/adverbsoffrequencyactions-130203134553phpapp02/95/adverbs-of-frequency-actions-1-638.jpg?cb=1359899198

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GUA PARA LA ELABORACIN DE


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Versin 3 Julio 2014

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Image 3.18 Untitled illustration of get up. Retrieved July 14


http://www.freelargeimages.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/11/Going_to_bed_clip_art4.png

Image 3.19 Untitled illustration of dance. Retrieved July 14


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Image 3.20 Untitled illustration of dance. Retrieved July 14


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ck-vector-young-boy-s-daily-activities-vector-48952672.jpgXi.jpg

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