Unit 1: The Hawaiian Islands

1)

The Hawaiian Islands

Vocabulary:
features
a tropical climate
volcanic
creatures
turtles

seal
bat

elements
tourist attraction
exception

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,,,,
,,

Questions with model answers:

1a)
b)

c)

2a)
b)
c)
d)

3-

While the Hawaiian Islands differ from one another in some

ways, they share many of the same features. Discuss.
They all have a tropical climate. It is usually hot and rainy.
They are similar in natural beauty. They have volcanic
mountains and waterfalls, rainforests and beautiful beaches. The
warm, clear water around the islands is filled with many kinds of
sea creatures such as giant sea turtles, whales and dolphins as
well as lots of tropical fish. The forests are full of beautiful birds
and flowers.
They have an interesting natural history. Until modern times,
birds and insects were the only kinds of animals living on the
islands, with just a few exceptions. The exceptions were the seal
and a kind of bat. When people arrived in about 500 A.D., they
brought some animals such as pigs, for food.
Each of the Hawaiian Islands has features that are special.
Discuss.
The Big Island Hawaii is the only island with active volcanoes.
The island of Oahu is the site of the modern capital of Hawaii,
Honolulu.
Honolulu is one of the worlds most famous beaches.
The island of Maui is important for its role in the history of the
islands. This island was the capital of Hawaii until early in the 20th
century.
There are several elements that made Hawaii a major tourist
attraction. Discuss. (2002)
1

a)

b)
c)

d)

There are many elements that made Hawaii a major tourist

attraction:
All the eight Hawaiian islands have a tropical climate. It is
never uncomfortably hot in summer and there is generally little
wind. Rain falls but usually not for long.
All the islands have natural beauty. They have volcanic
mountains and waterfalls, rainforests and beautiful beaches.
The warm, clear water around the islands is filled with many
kinds of sea creatures such as giant sea turtles, whales, dolphins
and lots of tropical fish.
The forests are full of beautiful birds and flowers that cannot be
found anywhere else in the world.

4-

Why do people come from all over the world to Hawaii? (2005)
With its tropical climate and natural beauty, Hawaii is a major
tourist attraction. Explain. (2008)
a)
People come from all over the world to view the volcanoes,
the seacoast and the rainforests.
b)
People come to sunbathe or surf at the beaches.
c)
People come to relax in the warm sweet air.
5-

The Hawaiian Islands have an interesting natural history.

Explain.
Until modern times, birds and insects were the only kinds of animals
living on the islands, with just a few exceptions. The exceptions were the
monk seal and a kind of bat. When people arrived in about 500 AD, they
brought some animals such as pigs, for food.

2)

Water Sports in Hawaii

Vocabulary:

Scuba diving board

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, balance
snorkeling certificate

tube
self-contained
/ flippers
apparatus
canoeing

1a)
b)
c)
d)

What is the difference between scuba diving and

snorkeling?(2002)
In scuba diving you can swim far under water, but in snorkeling
you cant dive deep into the water.
In scuba diving you need special equipment but in snorkeling less
equipment is needed.
You need special courses to learn how to scuba dive, but you can
learn how to snorkel in a few minutes.
Scuba diving can be dangerous, but snorkeling is safer.

2-

What are the water sports that a tourist can enjoy in

Hawaii?(2004 / 2007)
The sports that one can enjoy in The Hawaiian Islands are water sports,
and you can go swimming all year round in the warm water. You can
also go fishing from the shore or from a boat. You can go sailing,
canoeing or windsurfing. You can also try some other water sports that
are especially popular in Hawaii like surfing, snorkeling and scuba
diving.

3-

Surfing is an old water sport in Hawaii. Explain.

Surfing is a sport which started in Hawaii many years ago. Long before
the arrival of the Europeans, the Hawaiians would ride on the waves on
long narrow wooden boards. Now surfing is a popular sport in many
parts of the world.
What qualities should you have to try surfing? (2005)
You need to be a good swimmer.
You have to have an excellent sense of balance.
You must swim out from the beach with your surfboard under
your arm. When you get to where the waves begin to break, you
wait for a calm moment. You must try to stand up on the board. The
wave will begin to rise under you. You must keep your balance and
stay on top of the wave.
What does scuba diving mean? What can you do to learn
how to scuba dive in Hawaii? (2006)

4-

5-

- It means self-contained underwater breathing apparatus that is

equipment for breathing and swimming underwater.
In Hawaii, you can take special courses to learn how to scuba
dive.
After the courses, you can get a certificate that will allow you to
dive alone.
6-What makes diving in the water of Hawaii cheerful?
The waters of the Hawaiian Islands are clean, clear and warm. They
contain hundreds of kinds of colorful fish. The undersea world is made
even more colorful by the coral reefs of red, gold, white and light purple.
Among these reefs, there may be larger fish or sea turtles.
3)
traditions
lei
funeral
goddess

Hawaiian Traditions

necklace
peace conference

ceremony
religious

1-

What are the two important traditions that are still alive in
Hawaii today? (2006)
Two important traditions are still alive in Hawaii today. The lei
(a necklace made of flowers) and the hula (a Hawaii dance). Leis
were worn by Hawaiian chiefs at peace conferences. They are
symbolic of peace and friendship. They are worn at weddings,
funerals and important ceremonies. The hula is a dance taught to
the people by the goddess Laka. It was part of a religious ceremony,
and was danced only by men, but later women began to dance the
hula, too.

2-

According to Hawaiian traditions, how are leis made? (2007)

Leis are handmade by older women. They are created from the many
kinds of fresh flowers that are found on the islands.
3-How do Hawaiians receive non-Hawaiian visitors?
They always give a lei to non-Hawaiian visitors. When the guest arrives,
the lei is placed around his or her neck, with the traditional greeting
Aloha.
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4-Why did Europeans discourage the hula when they came to

Hawaii?
They did so because they thought that such dancing went against
proper religious beliefs. Therefore, they discouraged the hula and it
almost disappeared. In the late 1800s, a Hawaiian king saved this
important tradition.

Unit 2: Maria Montessori

1)
educator
optimism
ideals
average
strong-willed
performance
conservative
middle class

Childhood
grade
sewing

needlework
self-confident
attitude
complex thought
approve of
method

1-How was Maria Montessoris mother a great help to her

daughter? (June, 2002)
When Maria Montessori was born in Italy, her future seemed to
be like her mothers and most women of her time; she would
become a mother and a housewife. But, later she proved that
women could indeed think and work as well as men and she
became a doctor and a famous educator.
Thanks to her mother who supported all Marias decisions,
Maria overcame many difficult times. She gave her the optimism
and ideals necessary for her success. She also taught her how to
work hard. She gave her a sense of responsibility towards others.
2-What was Marias performance in primary school like?(August,
2002)
Maria started primary school education in Rome when she was five
years old. She was considered an average student at that time. She
didnt seem to be as ambitious as her classmates. In the first grade she
won a prize for good behaviour. In the second grade, she won a prize
for sewing and needlework. So far, her interests and achievements
were the same as those of any other girl of her age.
3-How was Maria Montessori different from other children? (2005)
Her character stood out among the other children. She was often the
leader in their games. She was self-confident and strong-willed.

4-What was the attitude of the Italian society towards women at

Maria Montessoris time? (How were women denied their rights in
Italy at Maria Montessoris time?)
Women did not have careers in those days. They did not attend college.
People generally believed that women were not very intelligent and not
capable of complex thought. Most women became mothers and
housewives.
5-How did Maria Montessoris life take a very different course from
other women at her time?
(How did Maria Montessori prove that she had the same potentials
as men?) (2008)
She became the first woman doctor in Italy. With her brilliant medical
studies and research, she proved that women could think and work as
well as men. She became intentionally famous as the inventor of the
Montessori method of teaching. To this day, Montessori schools around
the world follow her method.
6-How did the attitude of Maria Montessoris father change later?
Although her father was well-educated and wanted the best for his
daughter, he was conservative and did not approve of her unusual
choices. When Maria became famous, he changed his mind and
became proud of her.
7-In what way was Maria Montessori different from the other
women of her day? (2007)
She decided to continue her education while most girls from middleclass families chose to stay at home after primary school. She became
the first woman doctor in Italy. She proved that women could think and
work as well as men.
2)
High school
Classical
Technical
Traditional
Literature
Commercial

Going Her Own Way

Memorizing
Strict discipline

Severe punishment
companions
attend

/
/

1-

What were the two types of high schools at Marias time? And
which one did Maria choose? (2004)
The two main schools at Marias time were classical schools and
technical schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a
very traditional program of studies. The courses included Latin and
Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history. The
girls usually choose these schools. The technical schools were a little
more modern than the classical schools. The courses they offered
included modern languages, mathematics, some science and
commercial subjects.
Maria chose the technical school.

2-

Why did everyone predict that Maria Montessori would

fail? (2003)
Maria chose to attend a technical school where the courses included
modern languages, mathematics, science and commercial subjects.
When she joined a school in Rome, the courses included modern
subjects, but the teaching methods were very traditional. Everyone
including Marias father believed that she would never be able to
understand all these subjects. Besides he believed that these subjects
were not proper for a girl to study. However, Maria was very
successful.
3-Why did Maria Montessori prefer the technical school to the
classical school? (2007)
..because the technical schools were a little more modern than classical
schools. The courses they offered included modern languages,
mathematics, some science and commercial subjects.
4-How was Maria Montessoris experience at the technical school
difficult?
Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods
were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts
and repeating them back to the teacher. Teachers believed in strict
discipline in the classroom and they sometimes used severe
punishments.
5-How did Maria Montessori succeed brilliantly at the technical
school?
She had a strong character. Although everyone predicted that she would
fail, she got high marks in math and science. She proved that girls could
think about complex subjects.
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6-What did Maria want to be first? Why did she change her mind?
First she wanted to be an engineer like many of her male school
companions. She changed her mind because she had become very
interested in biology and she wanted to study medicine.
3)
Challenge
Delegate
Congress
speech
Respond to

The Young Doctor

Enthusiasm
/ idiot
Developmental

problems
/ Function
unteachable

1-Give an example that shows that Maria was no ordinary doctor.

(2006)
Maria arrived at the home of a young mother of very sick baby twins.
She sent the tired mother to bed. Then she bathed the babies, prepared
their food and stayed with them all day.
2-Only two months after graduating, Maria was faced with a new
and different kind of challenge. Explain.
She was invited to be a delegate to the International Womens Congress
in Berlin. She was a great success. She gave two speeches which were
received with great enthusiasm. Newspaper reporters interviewed her
and described her as intelligent and charming.
3-What kind of research was Maria interested in? What was her
attitude towards idiot children?
She was interested in research that concerned children with serious
developmental problems or idiot children. These children could not
function at home or at school. Maria believed that these children could
respond to something and that their minds were not completely closed
off. She refused to accept that they were unteachable as other doctors
said. She believed that she could help them become human again with
the right kind of teaching.

4-What did Maria Montessori refuse to accept concerning idiot

children? (2008)
She refused to accept that they were unteachable as other doctors said.
She felt it must be possible to reach these children. She believed that
she could help them become human again with the right kind of
teaching.
4)
Violent
Sociable
Enthusiastic

The Childrens House

Communicate
( )Co-operative
role

1-Why was Maria chosen as director of Childrens House? What

should be given to those children to be ordinary according to
Maria? (2006)
She was chosen because she was well-known for her work with children
and knew a lot about teaching children. Children should be given much
freedom. They should be free to choose their activities, to start and stop
as they liked. The teachers role was to provide materials and show the
children how to use them. He should stand aside and let the learning
happen.
2-How was Maria able to change childrens behaviour in her
school?
At first children were frightened. Some children were violent, while
others refused to talk. As Maria introduced her activities, their behaviour
changed. The violent children calmed down and the silent ones began to
communicate. They all became more sociable, co-operative and
enthusiastic about the school.
Unit 3 : Global Issues
1-Global Thinking in the 21st Century
Dumping
Marine
Tons

/ Destruction
Ozone layer
Harbor

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Garbage
Substances
Rapidly shrinking
1-

Local laws
regulations
refrigerator

Dumping waste and chemicals in oceans and sea has a great

effect on marine environment. Discuss. (2002)
Dumping waste and chemicals in oceans and seas has a great effect on
marine environment. For centuries, people have used the oceans as a
dumping place where they dump tons of garbage, chemicals and many
other dangerous substances. They believe that they will disappear in the
large oceans. However, these substances stay in the water. They float
to shores and are eaten by tiny creatures. Then the larger animals which
eat the tiny creatures are poisoned and die. The coasts and shores
around the world have become unsafe for both humans and animals.
The worlds fish population is rapidly shrinking.
2-What does global thinking mean? (2004)
Global thinking means working together for solutions to global problems
such as pollution and environmental destruction.
3- To what extent is the ozone layer important for all forms of life?
(2004)
The ozone layer is important in protecting the earth from the suns rays.
Without this layer, most forms of life on earth would not be able to live.
4-Pollution does not stay where it is. Explain. (2005)
Pollution does not stay where it begins. It spreads out from every river
and every harbor and affects bodies of water everywhere.
5-Why does the problem of environmental destruction require
global thinking? (2006)
As the worlds population has grown and technology has developed, the
environment has suffered and the rate of pollution has increased. So,
global thinking is required because the environment is global. The
atmosphere, the oceans and many forms of life are all connected. These
problems cannot be solved by local laws and regulations.
6-What has connected people all over the world? (2007)
Communications technology has connected people all over the world.

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7-Which problem do chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs) cause? What

should be done to solve this problem?
Scientists discovered that these CFCs were destroying the ozone layer
in the atmosphere. The ozone layer helps protect the earth from the
suns rays. Without this layer, most forms of life on earth would not be
able to live. Many countries such as India and China still use CFCs in
industry. These countries need help from the industrialized countries so
that they can change their refrigerator factories to non-CFC processes.
2Industrialized
Birth rate
Percentage

The Population Explosion

Annual income
Inversely
proportional to
Life expectancy

1-What is the reason for the difference in population growth in

industrialized countries and less developed countries?
The reason for this difference lies in the birth rate. In industrialized
countries, a very low birth rate has caused population growth to slow
down or stop. Moreover, life expectancy in these countries has been
increasing. This means that the percentage of older people is
increasing. In less developed countries, the birth rate in many places is
extremely high and life expectancy is very low. This means that the
population is very young.
2-What is meant by the birth rate?
The birth rate is the average number of children per woman of childbearing age.
3-What is meant by life expectancy?
Life expectancy is the average length of a persons life.
4-What problems does population explosion cause in less
developed countries?
Less developed countries are much poorer than industrialized countries.
The annual income is very low. Crowding on the land means that water,
food and firewood become more difficult to find. Hunger and disease kill
millions, especially children.
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5-How is life expectancy inversely proportional to birth rate in

industrial countries? (2008)
While birth rates have been declining in the industrial countries, life
expectancy has been increasing. In almost all the industrialized
countries, life expectancy is now over 70 years of age. This means that
the percentage of older people in the population is increasing
3- The Green Revolution
Approach
Involve
Cultivation
grains
Fertilizers
Landowners
Maximum

Extensive use
Erosion

Productivity
Expenses
Large scale
Investments
destructive

1-What is meant by the Green Revolution? (2007)

The Green Revolution is a new approach to agriculture. It involved the
large-scale cultivation of new types of grain and the extensive use of
chemicals and farm machinery.
2-Erosion is a reason for the lower grain production. Discuss.
(2006)
Erosion is another reason for the lower grain production. Large-scale
farming of a single crop creates the perfect conditions for erosion. In dry
areas, the loss of top soil has lowered the productivity of the land.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

3-Mention three reasons for the failure of the Green Revolution.

(2005) / Why do the green revolution methods of farming no longer
appear to be successful? (2003)
The expenses of the new farming methods.
Farmers must use large amounts of expensive chemical fertilizers.
Farmers use expensive chemical insecticides.
Watering systems are expensive.
The large-scale farming of a single crop creates the perfect
conditions for erosion.

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4-In what way did the new farming methods increase the
differences between rich and poor landowners? (2003)
Many farmers cannot afford to buy all the expensive chemicals and
equipment and so production decreases. Only the large landowners can
afford to make the necessary investments for maximum production.
They buy land from the smaller farmers and become richer. Small
landowners become landless and poor. As a result, the differences
between rich and poor landowners increase.
5-How do modern farming methods affect society? (2002) (2008)
Only the larger landowners can afford to make the necessary
investments for maximum production of the new grains. With their
profits, they buy land from the smaller farmers and become richer. Small
landowners become landless and poor. Social tensions naturally
increase in this situation.
6-As the Green revolution methods no longer appear to be
successful, what should governments and farmers do?
Governments and farmers need to look at the overall picture and longterm effects. They need to find new methods that will better meet the
needs of the worlds hungry people and will also be less destructive.

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