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LW/OCT 2012/LAW039

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY AND

CRIMINOLOGY

COURSE CODE

LAW039

EXAMINATION

OCTOBER 2012

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This question paper consists of three (3) parts

PART A (20 Questions)

PART B (20 Questions)
PART C (5 Questions)

Answer ALL questions from all three (3) parts :

i)
ii)
iii)

Answer ALL questions from PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet

Answer ALL questions from PART B in the True/False Answer Sheet
Answer FOUR (4) questions from PART C in the Answer Booklet. Start each
Answer on a new page.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.
Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
a True/False Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty
an Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 8 printed pages
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LW/OCT 2012/LAW039

PART A

Choose any ONE (1) of the following answers:

1.

The evolutionary perspective on social psychology suggests that

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

d)

our behavior is influenced by the actions of other individuals

the behavior of groups is too difficult to study in laboratory conditions
cultural differences have a strong effect on the behavior of groups but only a
weak effect on individuals
some individuals are more strongly affected by society than are others

environmental variables
biological processes
cognitive processes
cultural context

The process of carefully observing behavior as it occurs is known as

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

People tend to become more irritable and aggressive when the weather is hot and
humid. This fact reflects one effect that
may have on social behavior.
a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

we inherit specific patterns of social behavior

we inherit biological predispositions that have no effect on our actual behavior
our biological inheritance determines many of the actions we take
we inherit tendencies to behave in certain ways

Social psychologists focus their attention on individuals, in part because

a)
b)
c)

3.

systematic observation
social observation
naturalistic observation
quasi-experimental observation

In experimental research, one variable is systematically changed. This is known as

the
.
a)
b)
c)
d)

confound
dependent variable
independent variable
experimental group

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6.

b)
c)
d)

her grade reflects an error on the teacher's part; the fundamental attribution
error
her grade reflects both her ability level and her teacher's ability; rational
thinking
her grade reflects the true quality of her work; the self-serving bias
her grade reflects her true ability level; the correspondence bias

People who suffer from depression tend to attribute their failures to

successes to
.
a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

a self-serving bias
the actor-observer effect
correspondence bias
the consistency effect

Farah's teacher just returned student essays to the class. Farah 's teacher has
written several positive comments throughout her paper and given Farah an A+ on
the assignment. Farah is likely to believe
because of
.
a)

9.

peripheral
consistent
focused
central

Our tendency to perceive the actions of others as caused by their dispositions or

personality rather than perceiving the cause of their actions as the situation they are
in is known as
.
a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

LW/OCT2012/LAW039

Alias thinks of himself as extremely hot tempered. This characteristic would be

considered a
part of Alias' self concept.
a)
b)
c)
d)

7.

lasting external causes; lasting external causes

temporary external causes; lasting internal causes
lasting internal causes; lasting external causes
lasting internal causes; temporary external causes

Many times, attempts at deception are thwarted because of

a)
b)
c)
d)

and their

facial expressions.

irresponsible
basic channel
stereotypical
irrepressible

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11.

positive
surprise
hostile
negative

According to Zajonc's drive theory of social facilitation, an audience will

a)
b)
c)
d)

15.

attribution
impression management
nonverbal communication
social perception

According to Harold Kelley's theory of attributions, the three factors that influence
When touching is considered appropriate it often produces
reactions in the
person being touched.
a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

ingratiation
the deadline technique
the low-ball procedure
individuation

The processes we use to try and understand other people are known as
a)
b)
c)
d)

13.

LW/OCT 2012/LAW039

Police sometimes use a technique for obtaining a confession from a suspect that
involves minimizing the seriousness of the charge, blaming the victim, and minimizing
the strength of the evidence. This technique is based on
.
a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

have no effect on highly skilled individuals and improve the performance of

less skillful individuals
improve the performance of less skillful individuals and have no effect on the
performance of less skillful individuals
improve the performance of less skillful individuals and interfere with the
performance of highly skilled individuals
improve the performance of highly skilled individuals and interfere with the
performance of less skillful individuals

Situations in which we mistakenly believe that others have different attitudes than our
own are referred to as
.
a)
b)
c)
d)

attitude discordance
impression motivation
pluralistic ignorance
attitude accessibility

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16.

Cognitive dissonance is
a)
b)
c)
d)

17.

b)
c)
d)

affiliation with others in similar situations may increase their sense of

belongingness
such affiliations provides opportunities for social comparisons
affiliation with others in similar situations may increase their sense of isolation
others who are in similar situations may better know what to do

classical conditioning
the direct effect
nonconscious stereotyping
observational learning

Drive theories of aggression suggest that

a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

the process involved in changing our attitudes to avoid unwanted views of

ourselves
the positive internal state that results from resolving conflicts between two or
more of our attitudes
the negative internal state that results from noticing differences between our
attitudes and our behaviors
the process used to overcome or avoid the effects of a strong argument when
it is opposed to our strongest attitudes

The associated effect that emotions have on attraction can best be explained by

a)
b)
c)
d)

19.

Individuals who are in stressful situations frequently experience an increase in their

need to affiliate with others in a similar situation. This may be because
.
a)

18.

LW/OCT 2012/LAW039

a fighting instinct in human males underlies most forms of aggression

males aggress against other males in order to obtain access to females
our death wish is redirected outwards towards others, causing aggression
external conditions arouse the motive to harm or injure others

The effects on our performance that results from the presence of others is
a)
b)
c)
d)

distributive
deindividuation
social polarization
social facilitation

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LW/OCT 2012/LAW039

PARTB

Choose whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE:

1.

Social psychology is the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and
causes of group behavior.

2.

The process of comparing our own performance to that of someone who is less
capable is known as downward social comparison.

3.

The effects on our performance that results from the presence of others is
deindividuation.

4.

People who are depressed frequently display the self-serving bias.

5.

Women are better than men at using and understanding nonverbal cues.

6.

Nonverbal cues can be used to detect deception.

7.

The foot-in the -door technique begins with a large, usually unreasonable request.

8.

Informed consent involves withholding some information about an experiment until

after the subject has agreed to participate

9.

The person who believes that she/he deserves a good relationship but expects the
worst of others probably has developed a dismissing attachment style.

10.

The kind of love that exists when an individual would rather suffer than have a lover
suffer is known as selfless love.

11.

People typically lower their voice in the library or in a hospital room and talk louder in
a sports arena because of injunctive norms.

12.

Offering additional benefits to someone before they have time to decide whether to
comply or reject a request is an effective technique for obtaining compliance.

13.

An example of an emblem would be a person giving a 'thumbs up'.

14.

Observational learning occurs when people change their behaviors as a result of

observing what others do.

15.

Slight differences in the wording of questions on the survey can change the way
people respond to the questions.

16.

Loneliness is unpleasant emotional and cognitive state based on desiring close

relationships, but being unable to attain them.

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17.

Informational social influence is based on our desire to be liked or accepted by

others.

18.

Eyewitness testimony is evidence given by persons who have witnessed a crime.

19.

In highly publicized criminal investigations, the primacy effect can make it difficult for
defendants to receive a fair and unbiased trial.

20.

Memories of past traumatic events can be accidentally implanted by therapists

without either the therapist or the patient realizing what has happened.

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PARTC
Answer any FOUR (4) of the following:
QUESTION 1
a)

Explain the term social psychology.

(5 marks)

b)

Explain FIVE (5) causes of social behaviour and thoughts.

(10 marks)

QUESTION 2
a)

Explain THREE processes of attitude formation.

b)

Explain THREE functions of attitude.

(9 marks)
(6 marks)

QUESTION 3
a)

What can you understand from the terms 'social facilitation' and 'social loafing'?
Explain with example of situations.
(8 marks)

b)

Discuss briefly the basic rules for judging fairness in groups.

Explain with example of situations.
(7 marks)

QUESTION 4
a)

Differentiate between the terms 'prejudice',' streotype' and ' discrimination'.

(9 marks)

b)

What can you understand from the terms 'glass ceiling' and 'tokenism'?
Explain with example of situations.
(6 marks)

QUESTION 5
a)

Describe FIVE (5) characteristics of jurors which can influence the decision of a
court.
(15 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER

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