A document outlining the multicultural character of Cyprus through the ages. Ένα κείμενο που σκιαγραφεί τον πολυπολιτισμικό χαρακτήρα της Κύπρου διαμέσου των αιώνων.
A document outlining the multicultural character of Cyprus through the ages. Ένα κείμενο που σκιαγραφεί τον πολυπολιτισμικό χαρακτήρα της Κύπρου διαμέσου των αιώνων.
A document outlining the multicultural character of Cyprus through the ages. Ένα κείμενο που σκιαγραφεί τον πολυπολιτισμικό χαρακτήρα της Κύπρου διαμέσου των αιώνων.
The multicultural character of Cyprus In 1191 Cyprus was seized by the crusader King of
England, Richard the Lionheart. In 1192 it was
Alexander-Michael Hadjilyra purchased by the titular King of Jerusalem, Guy de katoomba@cytanet.com.cy Lusignan. During the Frankish Era (1192-1489), yprus, located in the eastern corner of the considerable numbers of Christians and Jews of the
C Mediterranean Sea with an area of 9.251 km²
and a population of about a million, looks from above like a golden-green leaf tossed into the Levant settled in Cyprus, ultimately resulting to a fusion of culture, the arts, education, language and religion. After a series of machinations, the last sea. Due to its strategic geographical position, at the Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, was forced in crossroads of three continents, its history has been 1489 to cede her Kingdom to the Republic of Venice, in the hands of which it remained until July marked indelibly. The first traces of civilisation 1570; the Ottomans eventually occupied the entire island by August 1571. (10.000-6.000 BC) can be found primarily at During the Ottoman Era (1571-1878), many Aetokremmos, Khirokitia, Kalavasos-Tenta and also Christians were coerced into Islamisation or became elsewhere (Kastros, Petra tou Limniti, Phrenaros, Shillourokambos, Troulli); a plethora of settlements Linobambaki (crypto-Christians). The Latins and the dates back to the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic periods. Between 1400-1050 BC Mycenaean and Maronites who were not expelled from Cyprus were Achaean Greeks settled here, establishing city-Kingdoms that flourished from the Late Bronze age forced either to become Orthodox or to embrace onwards. By the 4th century BC the indigenous Eteocypriots had gradually adopted the religion, civic Islam; many opted to become Linobambaki. At the organisation, culture and arts of the Greek colonists, as well as their language and alphabet. same time, many Ottoman families arrived. The only Cyprus was consecutively occupied by the consolation for the Catholic community were the Phoenicians (950-850 BC), the Assyrians (709-669 foreign consulates in the coastal town of Larnaca, as BC), the Egyptians (565-546 BC) and the Persians their presence attracted European bankers, doctors, merchants and some Roman Catholic monks. (546-332 BC). In 332 BC, it was conquered by On 8 July 1878, as a result of the Congress of Berlin Alexander the Great. Upon his death it was passed to and an agreement to pay an annual lease of £92.800, the Ptolemies. It became a Roman province in 58 the British became governors of the island. Their BC; during the Roman period some Jewish refugees improved administration, infrastructure works and settled here. In 45 AD Cyprus was visited by religious tolerance allowed all Cypriots to prosper Apostles Paul, Barnabas and Mark, who arrived at throughout the British Era (1878-1960). Thousands Salamis and then Paphos, where they converted the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus, after Saint Paul of Armenians fleeing the Genocide and the horrific blinded his sorcerer, Elymas (Acts 13:4-12). Thus, Cyprus became the first country in the world to be massacres found refuge in Cyprus. The Latin governed by a Christian ruler. Apostle Barnabas is considered to be the founder of the Church of community was also enlarged with Britons, Europeans Cyprus, which became officially autocephalous from the Patriarchate of Antioch at the First Council and some Maronites, while small Anglican, Protestant and Jewish communities were formed. of Ephesus in 431, and has been represented in all seven Ecumenical Synods. Rightly, Cyprus has been called “the isle of Saints”, due to large number of Saints who martyred here. After a 4-year liberating war led by EOKA (1955- 1959), Cyprus gained its Independence on 16 August In 330 Cyprus became a Byzantine theme (province). 1960. The new Constitution recognised two This period saw the first Armenians and Maronites communities (Greeks and Turks) and three religious (Eastern Christians of Syrian origin) settle here, as groups (Armenians, Maronites and Latins). Inter- well as some Jewish merchants (they had been communal violence broke out in December 1963, banned by the Romans after a bloody revolt in 116 resulting in the seizure of 39 land pockets by AD). Between 632-965, several Arab raids took place extremist T/C and the formation of a UN contingent and a condominium was established, however the to prevent further bloodshed. Using the Junta- raiders did not found permanent settlements. During orchestrated coup d’état against President Makarios as a pretext, Turkey savagely and unlawfully the 647-649 raid by Muawiyah, Umm Haram invaded Cyprus in two phases in the summer of 1974, occupying 34,85% of its soil and displacing (Mohammed’s wet-nurse), fell from her mule, broke her spine and died near the Salt Lake just outside 210.000 people from their homes. To-date, over 160.000 settlers from Anatolia have illegally settled Larnaca, where the famed Hala Sultan tekke was built in 1760. In 965, after the liberation of the in occupied Cyprus, dramatically altering its character and demography. The financial boom of free island by patrician Niketas Chalkoutzes, Nicosia became the capital of Cyprus (earlier the capital had Cyprus over the last 30 years has attracted a large number of immigrants from all corners of the been Constantia and before that Paphos and Salamis). The first origins of the Latin community planet, especially from south-east Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caucasus. (Roman Catholics of European or Levantine descent) can be traced back to the Late Byzantine period.
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