Warm Up Exercise!

Team%Discussion%
1. In%your%team,%discuss%whats%one%thing%youd%
like%to%change%at%UST%and%thus%to%make%a%
collec?ve%decision%on%crea?ng%something%
new?%%%
2. Use%the%ThreeCStage%Model%of%Crea?vity%to%
explain%the%Crea?ve%Outcome;%Crea?ve%
Behaviors%and%Causes%of%Crea?ve%behaviors.%
3. Share%your%ideas%with%the%class.%

What%is%Crea?vity?%3CStage%Model%
Crea&ve!Poten&al!

Problem!

Info.!!

Crea&ve!Environment!

Idea!

Evaluate!

Crea&ve!Outcomes!
Novelty!

Usefulness!

SUMMARY!
1. Dene%Percep&on%and%explain%the%factors%that%
inuence%it.%
2. Explain%ASribu?on%Theory%and%ASribu?on%Errors.%
3. Iden?fy%the%Shortcuts%individuals%use%in%making%
judgments%about%others.%
4. Biases%&%Errors%in%Decision%Making:%List%and%explain%
the%common%decision%Biases%&%Errors.%%%
5. Ethics%&%Decision%Making:%Contrast%the%three%Ethical%
Decision%Criteria.%
6. Crea?vity%&%Decision%Making:%Dene%crea&vity%and%
discuss%the%ThreeCStage%Model%of%Crea?vity.%
3C3%

House%Keeping%
READ%the%West%Indies%Yacht%Club%Case%THIS%WEEK%
Midterm%is%on%Oct%20%(Tuesday)%during%class%?me.%%
There%will%be%DIFFERENT%versions%of%exam%papers.%
Oct%22%(Thursday)%will%be%used%for%your%team%
project%mee?ng.%%Therell%be%NO%CLASS%mee?ng.%
You%are%allowed%to%bring%ONE%4X6%index%card%
(both%sides%can%be%used)%for%your%reference.%%Write%
your%name%at%the%UPPER%RIGHT%HAND%CORNER.%%
SUBMIT%at%the%end%of%midterm.%

Communication

%%%Team%Discussion%
Discuss with your team members,
What does each of the following mean?
Why dont I take you to dinner tonight?
Why dont I take you to dinner tonight?
Why dont I take you to dinner tonight?
Why dont I take you to dinner tonight?

Ager%studying%this%chapter,%you%should%be%able%to:%%
1.%Dene%Communica?on%&%its%purposes,%and%describe%
the%Communica&on!Process.%
2.%Dis?nguish%between%formal!and!informal!
communica?on.%%
3.%Contrast%formal%communica?on%networks%and%the!
grapevine.%%
4.%Contrast%downward,!upward,!and!lateral!
communica?on!and%provide%examples%of%each.%%
5.%Contrast%oral,!wriFen,!and!nonverbal!
communica?on.%%
6.%Iden?fy%common%barriers%to%eec?ve%
communica?on.%%
7.%Show%the%poten?al%problems%in%crossG!cultural!
communica?on.%%

What is Communication?
Communica&on!is!the%process%by%which%
transmitted
understood
informa?on%is%_____________%and%___________%
between%two%or%more%people.%
%

What%is%GOOD%Communica?on?%
intended meaning
Transmijng%the%senders_____________%
is%the%essence%of%good%%%%
communica?on.%

What%are%the%Purposes%of%
Communica?on%in%an%organiza?on?%
Control
1.%___________%
Motivation
2.%___________%
Expression
3.%Emo?onal%____________%
4.%Informa?on%

Case%Study%%An%Underwater%Mee?ng%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%On%Saturday%October%17,%2009,%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%42CyearCold,%democra?cally%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%elected%President%Mohammad%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Nasheed%of%the%Maldives%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%invited%his%13%ocials%to%a%
cabinet%mee?ng:%the%worlds%rst%underwater%
governmental%mee?ng.%%
The%mee?ng%room%was%in%a%lagoon%o%Girifushi,%
in%the%North%Male%atoll,%and%the%ministers%dove%20%
feet%(6%meters)%to%meet%around%a%horseshoe%shaped%
table%on%the%sea%oor.%%

Case%Study%%An%Underwater%Mee?ng%
The%Maldives,%located%southwest%of%Sri%Lanka%
is%composed%of%1,192%islands%stretch%for%850%
kilometers%(530%miles).%%
The%Maldivian%islands%are%on%average%only%2%
meters%(7%feet)%above%sea%level,%and%they%
comprise%the%lowestClying%na?on%on%the%
planet.%The%mee?ng%agenda%highlighted%how%
global%warming%was%threatening%the%
disappearance%of%the%Maldives%within%a%
century.%%

Maldives%City%

Maldives%Airport%

Maldives%Underwater%Mee?ng%

 In%2007,%this%threat%was%conrmed%by%data%from%the%
United%Na?ons%(UN)%Intergovernmental%Panel%on%Climate%
Change%warning%that%a%rise%in%sea%levels%of%18%to%59%
cen?meters%(7%to%23%inches)%by%2100%would%be%enough%
to%make%the%Maldives%virtually%uninhabitable.%%
The%decision%made%at%the%mee?ng%was%to%sign%o%on%an%
agreement%for%carbon%emission%cuts:%%We%must%unite%in%
a%global%eort%to%halt%further%temperature%rises.%%
The%mee?ng%took%place%prior%to%the%UN%climate%change%
conference%in%December,%in%an?cipa?on%of%the%
renego?a?on%of%the%Kyoto%Protocol.%The%safety%of%the%
ministers%was%well%considered:%they%held%a%dress%
rehearsal%the%day%before,%coral%on%the%reef%was%checked%
for%harmful%creatures,%and%par?cipants%communicated%
via%hand%signals%to%indicate%they%were%okay.%%

 Instead%of%dressing%in%business%suits,%though,%the%14%
government%ministers%donned%scuba%diving%gear%and%
also%wore%name%tags.%Just%as%in%every%mee?ng,%
discussion%took%place,%but%here%it%was%through%
wri?ng%on%a%special%whiteboard.%%
The%mee?ng%was%broadcast%live%on%television.%
Inhabitants%on%Kuda%Huvadhoo%island%built%a%sealed%
box,%put%their%television%in%it,%and,%following%their%
governments%lead,%dove%to%the%depths%to%view%the%
underwater%mee?ng%underwater.%%
Back%on%dry%land,%the%cabinet%ministers%were%to%sign%
their%wetsuits%for%auc?oning%on%the%
www.protecShemaldives.com%website%in%a%bid%to%
raise%money%for%protec?ng%coral%reefs.%President%
Nasheed%used%the%mee?ng%venue%as%a%publicity%
exercise%to%push%for%ac?on%so%that%his%people%can%
con?nue%to%live%in%the%Maldives%well%into%the%future.%%

Team!Discussion!
1.!Iden?fy%the%main!func&on!of%the%mee?ng.%
%
2.!Describe%the%communica&on!process!and%
dis?nguish%between%its%formality%and%informality.%%
%
3.!Iden?fy%barriers%to%eec?ve%communica?on%
in%this%mee?ng.%%

The%Communica?on%Process%

Lets%start%with%an%exercise.%Need%volunteers%%

Lets%Explore%further%
1.!Channels!of%Communica?on%in%Organiza?on%
2.%Direc&on%of%Communica?on%
3.%Forms%of%Interpersonal%Communica?on%

1.%What%are%the%Channels%of%Communica?on?%%
Formal!Channels!
Path%follows%the%
__________%chain%%
authority
Messages%relate%to%
professional%
ac?vi?es%%

Informal!Channels%

spontaneous
________________
channels%from%
individual%choice%%
Messages%ogen%
personal%or%social%%

Formal%SmallCGroup%Networks%%
accuracy
Chain%gives%best%_____________!
leadership
Wheel%facilitates!___________%
development%%

satisfaction
AllCChannel%provides%member%___________
!!

The%Grapevine%(Informal)%%
Emerges%when%the%informa?on%is:%
Important!(e.g.%layos?)%
ambiguous
____________!
AnxietyGprone!!
%

Three!Characteris&cs:!!
1.%Not%controlled%by%management%%
2.%Perceived%as%being%more%believable%and%
reliable%(and%ogen%is)%%
3.%Largely%used%to%serve%selfCinterest%of%those%
willing%to%communicate%%

2.%Direc&on%of%Communica?on%%

3.%Three%FORMS%of%%
Interpersonal%Communica?on%%
I.!Oral!(f2f;%phone;%video)%
II.!WriFen!(hard%copy,%electronic)%%
III.!Nonverbal!(body%movements,%
intona?ons,%facial%expressions,%physical%
distance)%
%

Team!Discussion:!!What%is/are%the%
advantage/s%and%disadvantage/s%of%each%
form%of%communica?on?%
%

Team!Discussion%
What%is/are%the%advantage/s%and%
disadvantage/s%of%each%form%of%
communica?on?%
% Form!
Advantages! Disadvantages!
Oral%
WriSen%
Nonverbal%

feedback,
explained quickly
black & white,
can be forwarded

more engaging,
express something

forgottten,
not well thought
no instant reply
need to observe

I.%Oral%Communica?on%%
Advantages
Speed
________%
Feedback
____________%
correct
Simple%to%___________%%
Disadvantages!!
distorted
Poten?al%for%_________%message%when%
passed%through%a%number%of%people%%

Videoconferencing%%
interactive
Permits%employees%to%conduct%__________
!
mee?ngs%without%being%physically%in%the%
same%room%%

travel
Conserves%________
%funds%%
Becoming%more%accessible%as%costs%drop%%

II.%WriSen%Communica?on%%
Advantages

Disadvantages

Provide%a%tangible%and% %______%consuming%
time
verifiable
___________%record%%
feedback
%Lack%of%_________%
Record%can%be%stored% %May%not%be%______%%
read
for%an%indenite%period%
of%?me%%
Physically%available%for%
later%reference%%
More%likely%to%be%well%
thoughtCout,%logical,%
and%clear%%

Electronic%WriSen%Communica?on%%
ECmail%%
Instant%and%Text%Messaging%%
%Web%Logs%(Blogs)%
%

ECMail%Limita?ons%%
Easy%to%misinterpret%%
overused
__________%(e.g.%105%emails%per%day,%
%of%Managers%?me)%
Privacy%concerns%%

IM%&%TM%%
Essen?ally%realC?me%%
Inexpensive%%
short
Good%for%_________%messages%%
Some%nd%it%intrusive%and%distrac?ng%%
May%be%inappropriate%for%formal%
business%messages%%

Social%Networking%Sogware%%
%Explosive%growth%area.%%

Facebook%and%TwiSer%%%
Individuals%post%informa?on%about%
themselves%publicly%%seen%by:%%
potential
___________%employers%
Current%employers%
Police,%federal%agencies...%%

Blogs%
Another%public%private%space%%
%Web%sites%about%a%single%person%or%
company%usually%updated%daily%%
May%be%used%to%gather%informa?on%from%
customers%%

III.%Nonverbal%Communica?on%%
Advantages
Body language
conveys:
emotional
____________%and%
Ajtudinal%State%
(arrogance,%
aggressiveness,%fear)%
The%rela?ve%perceived%
status%between%a%
sender%and%receiver%
(e.g.%head%bowing)%
Level%of%Engagement%
(e.g.%eye%contact)%%

Disadvantages
Ambiguous!
meaning!changes!with:!
intonation/emphasis
______________%
Facial%Expression%%
Physical%Distance%%
Cultural%Specic%
C%Poten?al%for%
misinterpreta?on/
misunderstanding%
%

Case Study: An Underwater Meeting