HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2012 7 , 34(7): 901 906

ISSN 0253-9772
www.chinagene.cn

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2012.00901

Ghd7
, , , ,
, 430070

: , Ghd7
, Ghd7 , 190
BC2F2(FLL)(FLW)(FLA)QTLBC2F2, FLLFLW
FLA, , 7
RM3859 C39 FLLFLWFLA QTL, 73.3%62.3% 71.8%,
Ghd7 97 , 63 , Ghd7
NIL(MH63)NIL(TQ), FLLFLWFLA 97 , Ghd7 19
FLLFLWFLA 19 8.9 cm0.5 cm 17.8 cm2Ghd7

; QTL ; ; ;

Ghd7, a pleiotropic gene controlling flag leaf area in rice

TAN Cong, WENG Xiao-Yu, YAN Wen-Hao, BAI Xu-Feng, XING Yong-Zhong
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Abstract:

Photosynthesis is the unique source of energy for plant. Flag leaf contributed the majority of photosynthate

after rice flowering. Ghd7 is a pleiotropic gene, which can significantly increase rice production. In order to study the genetic effects of Ghd7 on the flag leaf morphology, we made quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for flag leaf length (FLL),
flag leaf width (FLW), and flag leaf area (FLA) using a Ghd7-BC2F2 population of 190 plants. In the BC2F2 population, the
frequency distribution of FLL, FLW, and FLA were bimodal and in agreement with single Mendelian segregation ratio (3:1).
FLL, FLW, and FLA were positively correlated with grains per panicle in the population. One QTL was mapped to the interval between markers RM3859 and C39 on chromosome 7, which explained 73.3%, 62.3%, and 71.8% of the variations
for FLL, FLW, and FLA, and co-segregated with Ghd7. Two near-isogenic lines of NIL (mh7) and NIL (tq7) were developed using Zhenshan 97 as the recurrent parent and Minghui 63 and Teqing as the donor parent, respectively. Both NILs
significantly increased the phenotypic values of FLL, FLW, and FLA as compared with Zhenshan 97. FLL, The values of
FLW and FLA for Ghd7 over-expression transgenic plants were 8.9 cm, 0.5 cm, and 17.8 cm2 larger than its recipient Heji: 20120209; : 20120406
: (30971749)(2009ZX08009-103B)
: , , :E-mail: tancong_2012@126.com
: , , , E-mai: yzxing@mail.hzau.edu.cn
: 2012-5-31 02:27:19
URL: http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1913.R.20120531.1427.003.html

902

HEREDITAS (Beijing)

2012

34

ang 19. These results demonstrated that Ghd7 plays an important role in controlling the flag leaf area in rice.
Keywords: near-isogenic line; QTL analysis; flag leaf length; flag leaf width; transgenic plant

P450 Wang [11]Zhenshan 97/93-11

BC2F3BC3F2

QTL (qFL1) 1

31 kb, 4

[1]

[2]

60% Yonezawa

[12]

, GS3[13]GS5[14]GW2[15]

GW5[16], Gn1a[17],

Ghd7[18]Ghd8[19]Ghd7

[3]

, ,

97 50%

10 ,

, Ghd7 ,

12

, Ghd7

QTLYan [4]

Ghd7

IR64/Azucena(DH)

, 190 BC2F2

(123 ) 4

QTLKobayashi [5] Milyang23/ Aki-

3 QTL,

hikariRIL(191 )

Ghd7

7 FLLQTL 5 FLW
QTLMei [6]Lemont Teqing
(RILs)BC 2 FLL
QTL 1 FLW QTL Yue

[3]

1
1.1

97 63 80~90

Zhenshan 97/IRAT109 180 RILs

63

7 4 FLLFLWQTL,

, 20 70, 80

QTL

BC2F2 [20] 97/ 63 RILs

(SPP)(KW)(YD)

RI50[21] 97

QTL

[7~9]

, BC2F3BC2F2RI50

QTL,

74% 97 , Ghd7

(C1023-R1440) 63, :

FLL=48.2 cm, FLW=2.3 cm, FLA=82.2 cm2Ghd7

, QTL

[22, 23]NIL(mh)NIL(tq) 63

[10]

Shennong 265/ Lijiang xituan

, 97 Ghd7

heiguF2 3 QTL,

19 63 Ghd7

qFLL9 198 kb

pCAMBIA1301s,

17 , 3

19

Jiang

1.2

: Ghd7

903

[23], Mapmaker/ QTL,

190 BC2F2 BC2F3

2002 2003

3 FLLFLWFLAQTL

, BC2F2 , DNA,
5 10 , 6 5
, 16.5 cm26.5 cm

2.1

BC2F2 3
97

BC2F3, 16

30.5 cm1.7 cm 51.9 cm2 63

Ghd7 2 NIL(MH63)NIL(TQ),

48.2 cm1.9 cm 91.6 cm2

97, 19 Ghd7 19

, BC2F2 180 3

2011 , ,

, (

1 10 7 d, BC2F3

1, A~C)FLL 35.5 cm

16 FLLFLW 2

, 40 FLL 35.5

FLL(cm)FLW(cm),
2

(cm ): FLA=FLLFLW0.75

[24]

FLLFLW FLA

1.3

QTL

cm, 140 FLL 35.5 cm,

(1:3)( 2 =0.74,
P=0.39); FLW 1.7 cm,
40 FLW 1.7 cm,
140 FLW 1.7 cm,

190 BC2F2Ghd7 10
, Ghd7

BC2F2

A: BC2F2 B: BC2F2 C: BC 2F2D: qFLA7 Ghd7

904

HEREDITAS (Beijing)

34

2012

(RM, )ZZ, ZMMMBC2 F2 BC2F3

97 63

(1:3)(2=0.74, P=0.39);
2

FLA 46 cm , 40
2

FLLFLWFLA, Ghd7
QTL( 2)FLLFLA

FLA 46 cm , 140

RM3859-RM5436

QTL, LODRM3859 , 52.1

(1:3)( =0.74, P=0.39)

42.7, 73.3% 71.8%

FLA 46 cm ,
2

, ,

QTL 5.4 cm,

, 3 40

14.5 cm2, 63

140 ,

QTL RM3859-RM5451, LOD

BC2F2 ,

30.5, QTL 62.3%,

0.2 cm

2.2

3 BC2F3 3 ,

3
3 , BC2F2

3 ,
, ( 1),
3 FLLFLWFLA
, 0.860.68 0.86,
3 0.580.42
0.55, 3
FLLFLW 0.66
2.3

3 ,
3 ,
3
Ghd7 , 3
QTL 63 97
MH63 FLLZS97
10.8 cmFLWZS97
0.4 cm, FLAZS97 29 cm2,
( 3)

3 QTL

, 180 BC2F2 40 ZZ98

BC 2 F 2 180 3

MZ 42 MM, 1:2:1

BC2F2

0.01

0.19

0.69**

0.02

0.86**

0.58**

0.13

0.68**

0.42**

0.66**

0.08

0.86**

0.55**

0.93**

0.88**

: **(P<0.05, n=180)

BC2F2 3 QTL

LOD

(%)

(cm)

RM3859RM5436

RM3859

52.1

5.4

4.3

73.3

(cm)

RM5451RM3859

RM3859

30.5

0.2

0.1

62.3

(cm2)

RM3859RM5436

RM3859

42.7

14.5

8.9

71.8

BC2F2 3

(cm)
(cm)
(cm2)

MM

MZ

ZZ

Range

MeanSD

Range

Mean SD

Range

Mean SD

38.9~46.3

422.1

35.7~49.4

41.42.9

27.8~34.5

31.31.9

1.9~2.3

2.00.1

1.7~2.2

1.90.1

1.4~1.7

1.60.1

56.3~79.4

65.84.9

45.6~74.3

59.86.3

31.3~42.8

36.73.1

: Ghd7

905

: MM 63 , MZ 63/ 97 , ZZ 97 Range , Mean

, sd

(2=1.47, P=0.48), BC2F2

19 , 3 8.9 cm0.5

cm 17.8 cm2, FLA 2 ( 5)

, 3

Ghd7 3

0.36 cMRM3859 C39

( 1, D)
2.4

QTLBC2F2

Ghd7 Ghd7
Ghd7 3

90%ZS97[20],
,
A-C 3

ZS97NIL(MH63)NIL(TQ) 3 FLL

FLWFLA( 4)NIL(MH63)NIL(TQ)

(3:1), 3

3 ZS97

, 3 , Ghd7

9.9 cm0.2 cm 16.9 cm2; NIL(TQ) 3

Ghd7 19 FLL

FLLFLWFLA

FLWFLA 19 38%56%

97 10.9 cm0.4 cm 24.8 cm2NIL(TQ)

107% Ghd7 NIL(MH63)

3 NIL(MH63)

NIL(TQ)FLLFLWFLA 97

(P FLL =0.004, P FLW <0.0001, P FLA <0.0001)

, 3 Ghd7 ,

MH63 Ghd7 19

Ghd7

Ghd7
NIL(ZS97)

(cm)
(cm)
2

(cm )

NIL(MH63)

NIL(TQ)

Range

MeanSD

Range

MeanSD

Range

MeanSD

23.2~32.8

27.63.1

34.0~41.9

37.52.3

30.1~43.3

38.53.2

1.5~1.7

1.60.1

1.7~1.9

1.80.1

1.8~2.2

2.00.1

26.2~41.7

33.74.7

42.8~75.9

50.64.2

43.3~67.5

58.15.7

: NIL(ZS97) 97 , NIL(MH63) NIL(TQ) 97 , MH63 TQ Ghd7 Range

, Mean , SD

Ghd7 19

Hejiang19

Ghd7 , ,

OXGhd7

Range

MeanSD

Range

MeanSD

[18, 20] 35 d, Ghd7

(cm)

20.9~25.7

23.61.3

29.0~38.3

32.52.6

, , Ghd7

(cm)

0.9~1.0

0.90.1

1.3~1.5

1.40.1

(cm2)

15.1~18.4

16.61.1

29.2~42.1

34.43.8

, Ghd7

: OXGhd7 Ghd7 19 , Range

, Mean , SD

, ,
(), Ghd7

BC2F2

, Ghd7

Ghd7 SPP

, Ghd7

(),

()Ghd7

906

HEREDITAS (Beijing)

,
,
, , Ghd7

[10]

[11]

[18]
,
, 1 mm
[25]

Ghd7

[12]
[13]

(References):
[1] Gladun IV, Karpov EA. Distribution of assimilates from
the flag leaf of rice during the reproductive period of
development. Russ J Plant Physiol, 1993, 40(1):
215219.DOI
[2] Yonezawa K. Yield components. In: Science of the Rice
Plant vol. III Genetics. Tokyo, Japan, 1997: 400412. DOI
[3] Yue B, Xue WY, Luo LJ, Xing YZ. QTL analysis for flag
leaf characteristics and their relationships with yield and
yield traits in rice. Acta Genet Sin, 2006, 33(9): 824832.
DOI
[4] Yan JP, Zhu J, He CX, Benmoussa M, Wu P. Molecular
marker-assisted dissection of genotype environment
interaction for plant type traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Crop Sci, 1999, 39(2): 538544. DOI
[5] Kobayashi S, Fukuta Y, Morita S, Sato T, Osaki M, Khush
GS. Quantitative trait loci affecting flag leaf development
in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Breed Sci, 2003, 53(3): 255262.
DOI
[6] Mei HW, Li ZK, Shu QY, Guo LB, Wang YP, Yu XQ, Ying
CS, Luo LJ. Gene actions of QTLs affecting several
agronomic traits resolved in a recombinant inbred rice
population and two backcross populations. Theor Appl
Genet, 2005, 110(4):649659. DOI
[7] Yoon DB, Kang KH, Kim HJ, Ju HG, Kwon SJ, Suh JP,
Jeong OY, Ahn SN. Mapping quantitative trait loci for
yield components and morphological traits in an advanced
backcross population between Oryza grandiglumis and the
O.sativa japonica cultivar Hwaseongbyeo. Theor Appl
Genet, 2006, 112(6): 10521062. DOI
[8] Zhang Y, Wang J, Xu C, Xing Y. Molecular dissection of
genetic basis of significant correlation among five morphological traits in rice. Chin Sci Bull, 2010, 55(27): 31543160.
DOI
[9] Thomson MJ, Tai TH, McClung AM, Lai XH, Hinga ME,
Lobos KB, Xu Y, Martinez CP, McCouch SR. Mapping
quantitative trait loci for yield, yield components and

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

2012

34

morphological traits in an advanced backcross population

between Oryza rufipogon and the Oryza sativa cultivar
Jefferson. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 107(3): 479493. DOI
Jiang S, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen W, Xu Z. Fine mapping
of the quantitative trait locus qFLL9 controlling flag leaf
length in rice. Euphytica, 2010, 176(3): 341347. DOI
Wang, P, Zhou GL, Yu HH, Yu SB. Fine mapping a major
QTL for flag leaf size and yield-related traits in rice.
Theor Appl Genet, 2011, 123(8): 13191330. DOI
Price AH. Believe it or not, QTLs are accurate! Trends
Plant Sci, 2006, 11(5): 213216. DOI
Fan C, Xing Y, Mao H, Lu T, Han B, Xu C, Li X, Zhang Q.
GS3, a major QTL for grain length and weight and minor
QTL for grain width and thickness in rice, encodes a
putative transmembrane protein. Theor Appl Genet, 2006,
112(6): 11641171. DOI
Li Y, Fan C, Xing Y, Jiang Y, Luo L, Sun L, Shao D, Xu C,
Li X, Xiao J, He Y, Zhang Q. Natural variation in GS5
plays an important role in regulating grain size and yield
in rice. Nat Genet, 2011, 43(12): 12661269. DOI
Song XJ, Huang W, Shi M, Zhu MZ, Lin HX. A QTL for
rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown
RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Genet, 2007, 39(5):
623630. DOI
Weng J, Gu S, Wan X, Gao H, Guo T, Su N, Lei C, Zhang
X, Cheng Z, Guo X, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhai H, Wan J.
Isolation and initial characterization of GW5, a major QTL
associated with rice grain width and weight. Cell Res,
2008, 18(12): 11991209. DOI
Ashikari M, Sakakibara H, Lin S, Yamamoto T, Takashi T,
Nishimura A, Angeles ER, Qian Q, Kitano H, Matsuoka M.
Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production. Science,
2005, 309(5735): 741745. DOI
Xue W, Xing Y, Weng X, Zhao Y, Tang W, Wang L, Zhou
H, Yu S, Xu C, Li X, Zhang Q. Natural variation in Ghd7
is an important regulator of heading date and yield
potential in rice. Nat Genet, 2008, 40(6): 761767. DOI
Yan WH, Wang P, Chen HX, Zhou HJ, Li QP, Wang CR,
Ding ZH, Zhang YS, Yu SB, Xing YZ, Zhang QF. A major
QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain
productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice. Mol
Plant, 2011, 4(2): 319330. DOI
Xing YZ, Tang WJ, Xue WY, Xu CG, Zhang Q. Fine
mapping of a major quantitative trait loci, qSSP7, controlling
the number of spikelets per panicle as a single Mendelian
factor in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2008, 116(6): 789796.
DOI
Xing YZ, Xu CG, Hua JP, Tan YF. Analysis of QTL
environment interaction for rice panicle characteristics.
Acta Genet Sin, 2001, 28(5): 439446. DOI
Xing Z, Tan F, Hua P, Sun L, Xu G, Zhang Q.
Characterization of the main effects, epistatic effects and

: Ghd7

their environmental interactions of QTLs on the genetic

basis of yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2002,
105(23): 248257. DOI
[23] . Ghd7 [
]. : , 2008. DOI

907

[24] , , , , , .
QTL.
: , 2007, 36(2): 6670. DOI
[25] Xing Y, Zhang Q. Genetic and molecular bases of rice
yield. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2010, 61(1): 421442. DOI