Source no.

1
Kids and Gadgets: The Effects of Electronic Media on Developing Brains
Its amazing how a 2-year old can be handed a gadget and just knows how to use it, similar to
how a kid knows how to use a feeding bottle. Action figures, puzzles and blocks are no longer
the standard toys among todays children. Research by child-education specialists at the
Michael Cohen Group revealed that touch screens have taken over all other forms of playful
delight for kids. Sixty percent of parents with kids under the age of 12 reported that their child
plays on a portable screen often, while 38 percent apparently play very often. Its interesting to
note that 36 percent of these kids have their own device.
On the average, research by the Kaiser Family Foundation estimates that children are spending
seven and a half hours staring at a screen. Compare these results to a global survey of
preschool-aged kids by the Nature Conservancy, which showed that preschoolers around the
world spend an hour and a half a day (12 hours a week) on a playground or outdoors. It should
be no surprise, then, that when a kid turns seven, traditional play is over.
Not good for Bedtime
The late-night glow of laptops and mobile phones are depriving children a good night sleep.
Research at the Kaiser Foundation found that 60 percent of parents dont supervise their
childrens gadget usage, and 75 percent of kids are allowed to use technology in their
bedrooms. This results in 75 percent of sleep-deprived children, between the ages of 9 and 10,
according to researchers from Boston College.

Source no. 2
Using mobile phones and tablets before bed could be affecting your sleep, warn scientists

Researchers warn against using gadgets with a backlit display (which is most phones,
TVs and tablets) for more than an hour before bed.
Tablet display was found to suppress the body's sleep chemicals.
Say devices should be dimmed to minimize effects.
Called for manufacturers to investigate the problem.

Using an electronic gadget for just two hours before bed can cause sleep problems, researchers
have discovered. The new study from the Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute believes the displays cause melatonin suppression. Melatonin is the
chemical that controls our body clock. They believe teens are particularly susceptible to the
problem.

'Our study shows that a two-hour exposure to light from self-luminous electronic displays can
suppress melatonin by about 22 percent,' said Mariana Figueiro, associate professor at
Rensselaer and director of the LRCs Light and Health Program.
'Stimulating the human circadian system to this level may affect sleep in those using the devices
prior to bedtime,' said Figueiro.
The research team tested the effects of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression. In order
to simulate typical usage of these devices, 13 individuals used self-luminous tablets to read,
play games, and watch movies. The actual melatonin suppression value after 60 minutes were
very similar to those estimated for spending an hour in sunlight and was not deemed
significant. However, after a two-hour exposure there was significant suppression.Today the
researchers called for manufacturers of gadget to test how their products could be affecting
sleep patterns.
'Based on these results, display manufacturers can use our model to determine how their
products could affect circadian system regulation,' said Figueiro.
'We recommended dimming these devices at night as much as possible in order to minimize
melatonin suppression, and limiting the amount of time spent using these devices prior to
bedtime.'
The team conducted their tests using a tablet computer, but believes any gadget with a backlit
display could have a similar effect. Most phones and tablets, with the notable exception of
Amazon's Kindle and many other e-books, have such a display.

Researcher Brittany Wood said: 'Technology developments have led to bigger and brighter
televisions, computer screens, and cell phones,' said Wood.
'To produce white light, these electronic devices must emit light at short wavelengths, which
makes them potential sources for suppressing or delaying the onset of melatonin in the evening,
reducing sleep duration and disrupting sleep.
'This is particularly worrisome in populations such as young adults and adolescents, who
already tend to be night owls.' The team believes the research could lead to new gadgets and
screens that can influence our sleep.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland at night and under conditions of
darkness. It is a 'timing messenger,' signaling nighttime information throughout the
body. Exposure to light at night, especially short-wavelength light, can slow or even cease
melatonin production, interrupting sleep. Suppression of melatonin by light at night resulting in
circadian disruption has been implicated in sleep disturbances, increased risk for diabetes and
obesity, as well as increased risk for more serious diseases, such as breast cancer if it occurs
for many consecutive years, such as in nightshift workers.

Source no. 3

Electronic media and sleep

The use of computers (including devices such as smart phones) before bed has been
associated with a reduction in the hours of sleep experienced by frequent users, along with a
decreased quality of sleep. The results of computer use at night have been linked with a myriad
of negative consequences because of reduced sleep, ranging from day-time sleepiness, an
increase in obesity to a lack of energy during the day, and problems with academic
achievement. Some researchers believe this could be avoided by limiting computer usage prior
to sleep.

Impact of sleep loss

Difficulties encoding new memories

Weight gain, including obesity

Depression and other mood disorder, or irritability

Cardiovascular Diseases

Lowering of immune function

Diabetes

Symptoms of anxiety

Difficulties with academic achievement

Source no. 4
Smartphone light may make most young people lose sleep
More than nine out of 10 young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones
and tablets, before bed, causing problems with sleep.
A new survey also shows more than 28m people in the UK regularly get no more than seven
hours sleep a night.
Prof Richard Wiseman, who commissioned the YouGov poll, described the findings as
"extremely worrying".
Of the 2,149 adults questioned, 78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed. This
rose to 91% among the 18 to 24-year-olds questioned in the survey.

"The blue light from these devices suppresses the production of the sleep-inducing hormone
melatonin, so it's important to avoid them before bed time," said Prof Richard Wiseman, from
the University of Hertfordshire.
Everyone needs different amounts of sleep, but adults are generally thought to require a
minimum of seven to eight hours a night. Teenagers are recommended to get more, about nine
hours. The proportion of people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a
"bedroom poll" conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.
"This is a huge rise, and the results are extremely worrying because getting less than seven
hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines, and is associated with a range of
problems, including an increased risk of weight gain, heart attacks, diabetes and cancer," Prof
Wiseman said.
The people surveyed were asked if they used a computer, tablet or smartphone in the two hours
before bed. They were also asked about dreams and just one in ten agreed with the statement:
"I would describe my dreams as pleasant."
Last week it was revealed opticians were warning that overuse of smartphones may be
increasing people's risk of eye damage.
Optician Andy Hepworth said: "Blue violet light is potentially hazardous and toxic to the back of
your eyes.
"So over a long period of time it can potentially damage your eyes.
"When you're looking at a smart phone, the light peaking out of that is blue violet."
The news came as a survey of 2,000 people suggests under-25s check their phones 32 times a
day.

Source no. 5
Experts say exposure to artificial light from tablets is causing sleep disorders
The exploding popularity of hand-held digital devices could lead to a big jump in sleep disorders,
with experts warning the light emitted from digital screens can have a disturbing effect on the
body clock.
Leading Australian researcher Professor Shantha Rajaratnam says there is growing evidence
that the night time use of portable digital devices is likely to compound the problems associated
with artificial lighting.

"We think that the advent of electric lighting has significantly impacted upon sleep-wake
patterns, but with the proliferation of electronic devices that emit light we are expecting that
these problems will increase," said Professor Rajatnam, from Monash University's School of
Psychology and Psychiatry.
A recent study in the United States showed that devices such as laptops, smart phones and
tablets emit approximately 30 to 50 lux, about half the illumination of an ordinary room light.
"We know from preliminary reports that this level of light emission, 30 to 50 lux, is sufficient over
a week or so to delay the timing of the circadian clock as well as suppress the production of the
hormone melatonin," says Professor Rajaratnam.
Melatonin, which is produced when it is dark, helps regulate and promote sleep. People who do
not have enough of the hormone take longer to fall asleep.
"The extent of the response of the circadian clock will depend on how bright the light is - that is
how far away the device is from the eyes - as well as what colours of light are being emitted,"
Professor Rajaratnam said.
Most disruptive to the body clock is short wavelength blue light - exactly what backlit portable
screens shine directly into the eyes.
In addition, the devices are held close to the face and they are easily used in bed.
Dimming the screen brightness may help reduce the effect and technology is being developed
that will allow filtering of the worst wavelengths.
Professor Rajaratnam says the best solution is the simplest.
"We would recommend that these devices are shut down or closed off up to two hours before
bed time, but at least one hour before bed time, to try to reduce the impact of these light
sources on sleep."

Source no. 6
Advantages & Disadvantages of Technologies and Gadgets
Advantages of technologies and gadgets:
The advantages of new technologies and gadgets are discussed in the following lines.
1. Higher profit: New technologies can benefit your business in a number of ways. You can get

higher profits as new technologies increase work efficiency, which in turn, increases productivity.
Moreover, fewer work forces are needed as new technologies can automate the work thus
reducing the costs more.
2. Fast access to information: You can get quick access to information with the help of computer
and internet, two of the most popular technology and gadget in the present times. The search
engines on the internet help you find information on any topic that youre looking for.
3. Increases communication: Gone are those days when you had to write letters in order to
communicate with people staying far away. Nowadays, you can send e-mails and you get the
reply within minutes. Moreover, you can also take help of chat rooms to meet new people as
well as to stay in touch with your old friends.
4. Speed up work: There are so many gadgets that help to speed up work. Right from
household chores to office work, there are gadgets with the help of which you can increase your
work efficiency. It helps you to do quite a number of things in relatively less time.

Source no. 7
Modern Technology Advantages and Disadvantages
Modern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in
modern life is immeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we
implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we
call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone

technology has evolved with years; nowadays we use smartphones which have been an
advancement of an ordinary mobile phone.
Technology is applied to the roles each individual fulfills during life. We use technology on a
daily basis to accomplish specific tasks or interests. Modern Technology increases human
capabilities and this technology has evolved with years. What used to work before, might not be
working now, it must have got old or got replaced by modern technology. Lets look at a simple
example in Transportation technology, this technology has evolved with years, we used to use
steam powered trains now those have been replaced by electronic trains which move faster
than steam trains.
Modern technology simplifies life in so many ways and everyone defines technology in their own
way. To some people, it means complicated electronic devices. To others, it means the source of
the radical changes that are happening in all phases of life. Others define technology as science
applied to practical purposes. Some people fear to use technology while others see it as the
source of longer and more complete lives.
10 ADVANTAGES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY:

Easy Access to information:

Encourages innovation and creativity

Improved communication

The convenience of Traveling

Improved housing and lifestyle

Improved Entertainment

Efficiency and Productivity

Convenience in Education

Social Networking

Changed the health industry

Source no. 8
Gadgets and Their Importance in Our Life
Gadgets are online simplified applications that make work easy. They play a substantial duty in
the typical guys life and we have grown so used to it that it becomes really tough for us to think
of daily life chores in the absence of devices.

1. Gadgets enhance our effectiveness. Prior to the innovation of the telephone or the more
recent e-mails, sending messages and letters would take days to reach its location.
2. A gadget brings happiness to the family. With the development of web-cam and other video
devices, staying away from friends and family is no more unpleasant. These gadgets can make
far-off things come near and makes human accessibility really easy.
3. Devices make things compact
4. They help in conserving space. Initially in the early years of telecommunication the wired
handsets might be placed at a prescribed position only for connection.
5. Devices are enjoyable!

Source no. 9
The Importance of Gadgets in Our Lives
A gadget is a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, but is often thought of
as a novelty.

Nowadays there is no work which cannot be done without the assistance of machines and there
is not a single human activity where machines dont have to be used. No one can deny the fact
that gadgets have not only simplified our lives but also made them more comfortable and
luxurious. But on the contrary mans dependence on them has increased so much that we just
cannot do without them at all. We cannot even dare to imagine our life without laptop, smart
phones, cell phones, notebooks, microwaves and so on. Gadgets are not just meant for
entertainment they even improve our lives a lot. Well most of us think of gadgets as the iPods
and mp3 players that provide wholesome entertainment all the time anywhere in the world. The
word gadget is more than we could think of. It has solved a lot of problems like for the physically
challenged people.
Today we use various electronic gadgets in our daily life. Everything from cooking to music uses
electronics or electronic components in some way. Communication gadgets are a category of
gadget which control the biggest part of our lives but it is not the only gadgets that can increase
the efficiency. Just think of the morning when you start using the gadgets. From the very first in
the morning you need to use the alarm clock to wake you up until you want to gate late. Then
you make your coffee using a coffee maker followed by watching of television to catch the latest
news and stock market. It has influenced our lives to such an extent that we cannot think a day
without them. Starting from the early morning till the time we reach the bed we are making use
of some of other gadgets in various ways.

Source no. 10
Want to Understand The Advantages Of Modern Gadgets?
1. Advantages of Modern Gadgets

Devices provide benefits for the customers. It often includes a small size so you can carry it with
you to anywhere. Traveler devices add a camcorder and player. For instance, a traveler pencil
device might have a camera. It functions being a pencil and may be used to create words.
Nobody can know when the camera is taking scane since it is hidden inside the pencil. There's
also devices that design to assist individuals with physical disability. For instance, the electric
eyes device enables the blind person to cross the street.
2. Where to Look for Modern Gadgets
you are able to look for technology devices in the local store o-r on the web store. The internet
store often provides more number of technology devices review to the neighborhood store. The
technology device is often as inexpensive as $1 with respect to the kind of function it provides.
You can cut costs through the use of coupons, if you purchase the technology device on the
web.
3. Doing Study by Studying Technology Evaluations on Technology Information Site
before getting device on the web, you've to complete some research by studying the technology
evaluations. The technology reviews can be found in the technology news site. The technology
news site provides evaluations on-the latest devices.
4. How-to Store Online for Contemporary Device
you merely enter the kind of device within the search-engine, to store on the web. For instance,
if you wish to purchase a traveler device, you must enter the keyword "spy gadget" in to
the search-engine. You'll view a listing of device shops that sell traveler devices, after the query
has been submitted by you. Each shop provides a different choice of the devices. To ensure that
you understand what your alternatives are you should search every shop.
5. Using Shopping Search-engine
you should use the shopping se, to create on the web shopping easier. The shopping se
including Google Services and products can record a myriad of devices and the costs. You'll
have the ability to compare the costs of the various device shops. You need to use
shopping search-engine that's located in your local area. For instance, if you're in the United
Kingdom, you must use UK shopping se. In this manner, you'll have the ability to get the device
from an area online shop and cut costs on the delivery costs
Bibliography:

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Brains. http://www.motherearthliving.com/smart-parenting/kids-and-gadgets-effects-ofelectronic-media-on-developing-brains.aspx. Date Retrieved: January 13, 2016
Prigg, Mark. 2012. Using mobile phones and tablets before bed could be affecting your
sleep, warn scientists. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2194806/Using-

mobile-phones-tablets-bed-affecting-sleep-warn-scientists.html Date Retrieved: January

13, 2016
Electronic media and Sleep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_media_and_sleep
Date Retrieved: January 13, 2016
Rice, Deborah. 2013. Experts say exposure to artificial light from tablets is causing sleep
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Advantages & Disadvantages of Technologies and Gadgets.
http://simplyrabz.weebly.com/advantages-and-disadvantages.html Date Retrieved:
January 14, 2016
Modern Technology Advantages and Disadvantages.
http://www.useoftechnology.com/modern-technology-advantages-disadvantages/ Date
Retrieved: January 14, 2016
Kemnsu, Frudin. Gadgets and Their Importance in Our Life.
http://www.writetech.net/gadgets-and-their-importance-in-our-life/ Date Retrieved:
January 14, 2016
The Importance of Gadgets in Our Lives. http://agazoo.com/news/the-importance-ofgadgets-in-our-lives/ Date Retrieved: January 14, 2016
Lima, Kaki. Want to Understand The Advantages Of Modern
Gadgets? http://lastnightsbbcnews.blogspot.com/2013/05/want-to-understand-theadvantages-of-modern-gadgets.html Date Retrieved: January 14, 2016