Psychiatric nursing reviewer Chapter 3

Sigmund Freud- developed psychoanalytic

theory
Psychoanalytic theory- human behaviour is
caused and can be explained
Personality components
Id- the part of ones nature that reflects
basic innate desire such as pleasure
seeking behaviour, aggression and sexual
impulses
Super ego- is the part of persons nature
that reflects moral and ethical concepts
values and parental and social expectation
it is the opposite to id
EGO- represent mature and adaptive
behaviour allows a person to function
successfully in the world
Behaviour motivated by subconscious
thoughts and feelings
Conscious- refers perception thoughts and
emotions that exist In the persons
awareness
Preconscious- not currently in persons
awareness
Unconscious- motivate a persons even
though he or she is totally unaware
Freuds dream analysis
Dream analysis- a primary technique used
in psychoanalysis involves discussing a
clients dreams to discover their true
meaning and significant.
Five stages of psycho analysis
development

Counter transference- occurs when the

therapist displays his or her past
Developmental theories
Erik Erikson- German born psychoanalyst
who extended Freuds work on personality
development.
According to Erik Erikson an individual
should done all the stages and must be
finished
Cognitive stages of development
Jean piaget- explored how intelligence and
cognitive functioning develop in children
piagets four stages of cognitive
development
Sensorimotor- (birth to 2 years) - the child
develops senses from the environment
preoperational (2-6 years)- the child
develops the ability to express self and
language understanding meaning gestures
and begins to identify objects
Concrete operational (6-12 years)-the child
begins to apply logic to thinking understand
spatiality and versatility
Formal operation (12-15 years) the child
learns to think and reason in abstract terms
further develops logical thinking and
reasoning achieve cognitive maturity
Interpersonal theories
Harry stack Sullivan- an American
psychiatrist who developed interpersonal
theory
Assimilation- inserting new knowledge
Accommodation- making changes

Libido- was the driving force of human

behaviour

Therapeutic nurse patient relationship

Oral (birth to 19)- includes bite sucking

abilities

Hildegard peplau see the role of the nurse

as the participant observer

Anal (18-36 months) voluntary sphincter

control and toilet training

Orientation phase- is directed by the nurse

and involves engaging the client in
treatment providing explanation and
information and answering questions

Phallic (5-3 years)- genital is the main

interest of both sexes masturbation is
common
Latency (5-11 years) sexual drive
channelled into socially appropriate
activities such as school works
Genital (11-13 years)- begins in puberty and
biological capacity
Transference and counter transference
Transference- displaces onto the therapist
attitude and feelings that the client originally
experienced in other relationship

Identification phase- begins when the client

works interdependently with the nurse
expresses feelings
Exploitation phase- the client make use full
service offered
Resolution phase- the client no longer need
professional services and gives up
dependent behaviour the relationship ends

Role of nurse in therapeutic relationship

Client cantered therapy

Stranger- offering the client the same

acceptance and courtesy that the nurse
would to any stranger.

Carl rogers-focused on the therapeutic

relationship and developed a new method of
client cantered therapy and also Rogers is
the first to use client to patient

Resource person-providing specific answer

to a larger context
Teacher- helping the client to learn formally
or informally
Leader- offering direction to client or group
Surrogate- serving as a substitute for
another such as a parent or siblings
Counsellor- promoting experiences leading
to health foo client such as expression of
feelings.
Four levels of anxiety
Mild anxiety- positive state of heightened
awareness and sharpened sense
(perceptual field)
Moderate anxiety- involves a decreased
perceptual field the person can learn new
behaviour or solve problems only with
assistance.
Severe anxiety- involves feelings of dread
or terror
Panic anxiety- can involve loss of rational
thought delusions, hallucinations and
complete physical immobility and muteness
Abraham Maslow-an American psychologist
who studied the needs or motivations of the
individual

Unconditional positive regard- a nonjudgmental caring for the client that is not
dependent on the client behaviour
Genuineness- realness or congruence
between what the therapist feels and what
he or she says to the client
Empathetic understanding- in which the
therapist senses the feeling and personal
meaning from the client and communicates
this understanding to the client

Psychiatric nursing reviewer Chapter 1

Health- state of complete physical mental
and social wellness not merely the
absences of disease
Mental health- a state of complete physical
and social wellness evidence by satisfying
interpersonal relationship effective

behaviour and coping positive self-concept

and emotional stability
Components of mental health
Autonomy and independence-