1. In amines the C-N-H/C bond angle is less than 109.

5o
A: Due to lp-bp repulsion
2. For reduction of nitro compounds into amines Fe/HCl is preferred
instead of Sn/HCl
A: Because Fe + HCl FeCl2. on hydrolysis FeCl2 gives HCl. So just
small quantity of HCl is required to initiate the reaction
3. To convert alkyl halide(R-X) into amines (R-NH2) ammonolysis is not
suitable
A: Because on ammonolysis a mixture of pri, sec, tert and
quaternary amine will be produced
4. Aniline on exposure to air and light turns into coloured
A: Due to atmospheric oxidation
5. Lower amines are soluble in water
A: Due to H-bonding with water. In case of higher amine alkyl group
is larger which is hydrophobic
6. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
A: Ethylamine forms intermolecular Hbonds with water.
Hence, it is soluble in water.But aniline does not undergo
Hbonding with water due to the presence of a large
hydrophobic C6H5 group. Hence, aniline is insoluble in water.
7. Amines (R-NH2) are less soluble than alcohols (R-OH)
A: In alcohol the H-bonding with water is stronger because O is more
electronegative than N
8. Amines (R-NH2) are lower boiling than alcohols (R-OH)
A: In alcohol the inter molecular H-bonding is stronger because O is
more electronegative than N
9. Order of b.pt : primary amine > sec. amine > tert. amine
A: The no of N-H bond decreases so extent of H-bonding also
decreases
10.
In gaseous phase the order os basic strength : 30-amine > 20amine > 10-amine > NH3
A: Due to +I effect of alkyl groups the electron density on N
increases. So 30 is strongest as it has 3 alkyl groups
11.
In aqueous state the base strength order
C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2 > NH3 ( 20 > 30 > 10 > NH3)
CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3 ( 20 > 10 > 30 > NH3)
A: In aqueous state +I effect, steric effect and salvation effect
interplay. So the order is not regular
12.
R-NH2 is stronger base than NH3
A: Due to +I effect of alkyl group electron density on N increases in
R-NH2
13.
Aniline ( C6H5-NH2) is weaker base than NH3 and R-NH2
A: In aniline the lone pair of electron of N is involved in resonance.
So it is less available.
14.
Base strength : p-methoxy aniline > aniline > p-nitro aniline

A: Methoxy group (-OCH3) has +R effect where as NO2 group has

R effect so electron density in the first case increases but in the
second case it decreases.
15.
Acylation of aniline is carried out in presence of pyridine
A: Pyridine removes HCl produced and favours forward reaction
16.
NH2 group in benzene ring is ortho para directing for
electrphilic substitution
A: Due to +R effect it increases the electron density at ortho and
para position
17.
Bromination of aniline gives 2,4,6-tribromo aniline
A: Because NH2 group activates benzene ring by +R effect. So for
mono substitution NH2 group is acylated.
18.
Nitration of aniline gives unusual meta-nitro aniline although
NH2 group is ortho-para directing
A: In presence of acid NH2 is converted into NH3+ (ANILINIUM ION
) which is meta directing
19.
Aniline does not undergo Friedel Craft reaction
A: Aniline is base and reacts with anhydrous AlCl3 so N becomes
positive which deactivates benzene ring.
20.
pKb of aniline is more (less basic) than that of methylamine.
(or)
Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than aromatic amines.
A: In aniline, lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is involved in
resonance (+R effect), hence less electrons are available for
donation, less protonated, less basic.

On the other hand, in methylamine due to the +I effect of methyl group (CH3 gp is
EDG), the electron density on the N-atom is increased, hence more basic.
As a result, aniline is less basic than methylamine. Thus, pKb of aniline is more than
that of methylamine.
21.
Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate
hydrated ferric oxide
A: methylamine reacts with water to produce OH ions by accepting
H+ ions from water.
Then, OH ion reacts with Fe3+ ion to form a precipitate of hydrated
ferric oxide.
22.Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of
aliphatic amines.

Aromatic diazonium salts are more stable because of resonance, there is dispersal of positive charge.

23.
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising
primary amines.
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis gives pure 1 amine without the
contamination of 2 or 3 amines. [2 or 3 amines are not formed
in this synthesis].
24.
Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
25.
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for the preparation of
aliphatic primary amines.
A: Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by this process
because aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with
the anion formed by the phthalimide.
26.
Amines are less acidic than alcohols of comparable
molecular masses.
A:Since O is more electronegative than N, the R-O-is more
stable than R-NH- ion. Hence, alcohols are more acidic than
amines of comparable molecular masses.

Basic strength- Order of basic strength

Aliphatic amine > NH3 >Aromatic amine
In aliphatic amine due to the +I effect of methyl group, it is more
basic.
In aniline, lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is involved in
resonance (+R effect), it is less basic.
In gas phase, 30 >20 >10 amine > NH3
As the no. of EDG increases, +I effect of alkyl group increases, basic
strength increases.

Basic strength in aqueous solution.

In aqueous solution basic strength depends on inductive effect, solvation

effect and steric hindrance to H- bonding. These three factors are
favarouble for 20 amine, hence it is most basic.
The order of basic strength in aqueous solution,
For small CH3 group, 20 >10 >30 >NH3
Reason: For CH3 group, there is no steric hindrance to H- bonding. The
stability of cation due to solvation effect > inductive effect, hence 10
amine is more basic than 30 amine.

For big C2H5 group, 20 >30 >10 >NH3

Reason: For C2H5 group, there is steric hindrance to H- bonding. The
stability of cation due to inductive effect > solvation effect, hence 30
amine is more basic than 10 amine.

EDG (CH3, -OCH3), increases the basic strength [increases the

e- density on nitrogen].
EWG (NO2, halogen), decreases the basic strength [decreases
the e- density on nitrogen]

Order of basic strength

Aliphatic amine > Benzyl amine >NH3 >Aromatic amine

In gas phase, 30 >20 >10 amine > NH3
For small CH3 group, 20 >10 >30 >NH3
For big C2H5 group, 20 >30 >10 >NH3 [S > T > P ]
EDG (CH3, -OCH3), increases the basic strength
EWG (NO2, halogen), decreases the basic strength

1. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their basic

strength:
C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, NH3
(C2H5)2NH > C2H5NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2

2. Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic

strength:
(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH

C6H5NH2 < NH3 < C6H5CH2NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH

(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
C6H5NH2 < C2H5NH2 < (C2H5)3N < (C2H5)2NH
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2.
C6H5NH2 < C6H5CH2NH2 < (CH3)3N < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH

3. Arrange the following:

(i) In decreasing order of the pKb values[ basic strength]:
C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH and C6H5NH2
C6H5NH2 ,C6H5NHCH3 ,C2H5NH2 , (C2H5)2NH
(ii) In increasing order of basic strength: C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2,
(C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
C6H5NH2 < C6H5N(CH3)2 < CH3NH2 < (C2H5)2NH

(iii) In increasing order of basic strength:

(a) Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine [CH3, B.S ;
p-nitroaniline < Aniline < p-toluidine

NO2 B.S]

(b) C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2.

C6H5NH2 < C6H5NHCH3 < C6H5CH2NH2

(iv) In decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase: C 2H5NH2,

(C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and NH3
(C2H5)3N > (C2H5)2NH > C2H5NH2 > NH3
(v) In increasing order of boiling point: C2H5OH, (CH3)2NH, C2H5NH2
(CH3)2NH < C2H5NH2 < C2H5OH

(vi) In increasing order of solubility in water: C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH,

C2H5NH2.

C6H5NH2 < (C2H5)2NH < C2H5NH2