Design Report of T-Girder T-D (231299)

1
DESIGN REPORT OF RCC T- GIRDER BRIDGES

ON TOPI DARBAND ROAD
INTRODUCTION
This document details the design criteria, parameters adopted and designed sections for bridges on
Topi Darband Road. The bridges are situated:
At Km 4 + 907,
At Km 21 + 00,
At Km 22 + 535,
At Km 52 + 08,
At Km 54 + 720,
At Km 58 + 220,
At Km 63 +405,
At Km 64 + 00,
&
At Km 78 + 717
Detail drawings are separately submitted.
PART I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.0 DESIGN SPECIFICATION

1.1. AASHTO LRFD code 1994 (BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS)
1.2
AASHTO Standard specifications 1996.
1.3
Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges (PCPHB) 1967.
2.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

2.1
Service limit state.
2.2
Strength limit state
(Limit states, of AASHTO LRFD 1994)
3.0 LIVE LOADS

3.1
Single Lane of Military Class 70 Loading
(PCPHB, 1967.).
3.2
Two lanes of Class A Loading (PCPHB).
3.3
HS20-44 Truck (AASHTO standard 1996).
3.4
Design Lane Load plus Design Truck (HL 93, AASHTO LRFD 1994).
3.5
Design Lane Load plus Design Tandem (HL 93, AASHTO LRFD 1994).
/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/302075567.doc
4.0 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

4.1
Concrete used in the RCC girders
Class A concrete of 28 days cylinder

compressive strength of 210 kg/cm2
(21 MPa.).
4.2
Concrete used in the deck slab, diaphragms,

transom/girder seat, rollovers and footings.
Class A concrete of 28 days

Curbs, railings, back walls, wing walls,
cylinder compressive strength of 210
kg/cm2 (21 MPa.).
4.3
Primary Reinforcement steel
Grade 60 (414 MPa) deformed round

bars confirming to ASTM A-615
4.4
Secondary Reinforcement steel
Grade 40 (276 Mpa) deformed round

bars conforming to ASTM A-615.
4.5
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel
Es
= 200,000 MPa.
4.6
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ec
= 4800*
f c MPa.
5.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS. (Ref: ASSHTO LRFD)

5.1
5.2
Resistance factors, , are:

5.1.1
Flexure and tension of reinforced concrete
= 0.90
5.1.2
Shear and torsion in normal density concrete
= 0.90
5.1.3
Axial compression with spirals and ties
= 0.75
5.1.4
Bearing on concrete
= 0.70
Load combinations and Load factors : Following limit states are

investigated.
5.2.1
Service l Limit state
5.2.2
Strength l Limit State
PART II
PARTICULAR INFORMATION
A RCC T- GIRDER BRIDGE AT KM 4 + 907

1.0 HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)
1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 6.59 Km2.
1.2
Intensity of the rainfall
= 46.08 mm/hr.
1.3
Coefficient of run off
= 0.5
1.4
Discharge (100 years)
= 54.48 m3/sec.
2.0 GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION

2.1
Unit weight of the granular backfill (soil)
soil
= 18000 N/m3.
2.2
Angle of internal friction of the granular backfill
= 35
2.3
Recommended value to be used for the general geology anticipated

at the bridge site (Weathered or broken rock of any kind; shale etc.)
= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1
General Information About Bridge Geometry (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

3.1.1
No. of Spans
=2
3.1.2
Each Span Length
= 12.0 meters.
3.1.3
Total Span Length
= 24.0 meters.
3.1.4
Effective Span Length
= 11.5 meters.
3.1.5
Skew Angle
= 0
3.1.6
Type of Superstructure
RCC T-Girders and RCC Deck Slab.
3.1.7
No. of Girders per Span
= 4
3.1.8
Clear Width of the Bridge
= 8500 mm.
3.1.9
Total Width of the Bridge
= 9625 mm.
3.1.10
No. of Diaphragms per Span
= 3
3.1.11
Type of guardrail
R.C.C. wall type Guard Rail.
Rational formula for discharges (Hydrology in Practice by Elezabeth M. Shaw pp/297).
3.2
Live load distribution factors (per lane) are:

3.2.1
For bending moment in interior girders
= 0.282
3.2.2
For bending moment in exterior girders
= 0.282
3.2.3
Factor for shear in interior girders
= 0.333
3.2.4
Factor for shear in exterior girders
= 0.33
Note: Load factors relative to moment and shear AASHTO LRFD code 1994 are used.
3.3
3.4
Dynamic load allowance (not applied to the design lane load) are:
3.3.1
For HL 93, Loading Truck and Tandem
IM
= 33 %
3.3.2
For all other loading
IM
= 30 %
Applied Moments On The RCC Girders

3.4.1
Service dead load moment due to self weight of the girder
Mgirder
= 119000 N-m
3.4.2
Service dead load moment due to weight of the deck slab
Mslab
= 200000 N-m
3.4.3
Service dead load moment due to weight of the diaphragms Mdiaph
= 31000 N-m
3.4.4
Service dead load moment due to weight of the

wearing coarse safety curbs and railings.
Ms.i.d.
= 62000 N-m
Service live load moment

(including 33% dynamic allowance)
M L.L
= 903000 N-m
3.4.5
Note : HL 93, AASHTO LRFD 1994 code provision for max live load moment governs.
3.5
Shear Design Of The RCC T - Girders (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

3.5.1
Ultimate applied shear force
Vu
= 733920 N.
3.5.2
Effective depth for shear
dv
= 1092 mm.
3.5.3
Effective width of the web
bv
= 300 mm.
3.5.4
Shear capacity of the concrete
Vc
= 226270 N.
3.5.5
Transverse reinforcement
12 stirrups @ 140 mm c/c.
3.5.6
Shear carried by the transverse reinforcement
Vs
3.5.7
Nominal shear capacity of the girder
Vn = Vc +Vs
= 733142 N.
3.5.8
Effective shear resisting capacity of the girder
Vr = * Vn
= 623170.7 N.
= 507072 N.
3.5.9
3.6
= 1.17
Deflection In The RCC Girders

3.6.1
Deflection due to live load and its dynamic effect
= 5.79 mm.
3.6.2
Allowable deflection due to live load and its dynamic effect
= 14.38 mm.
3.6.3
Ratio of allowable live load deflection to applied live load deflection
= 2.48 mm
3.6.4
Deflection due to weight of the girder and deck slab
= 2.13 mm.
3.6.5
Deflection due to weight of the curbs, railings and wearing coarse
= 0.41 mm.
3.6.6
Net deflection at working load condition
= 8.35 mm.
3.6.7
Allowable deflection due to total loads for simply

supported structures
= 23.96 mm.
Ratio of allowable net deflection to applied net deflection
= 2.85
3.6.8
3.7
Ratio of the shear resisting capacity to ultimate applied shear
Design Of Deck Slab (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

3.7.1
= 2.73 mm.
3.7.2
Minimum depth of the deck slab

(Sec. 9.7.1.1, AASHTO LRFD 1994)
= 175 mm.
3.7.3
Thickness of the deck slab
= 200 mm.
3.7.4
Primary Reinforcement steel used

(Distribution and shrinkage steel)
3.7.5
Total service load positive moment
= 9219 N m/m.
3.7.6
Total service load negative moment
= 12188 N m/m.
3.7.7
Ultimate positive moment
= 15719 N m/m.
3.7.8
Ultimate negative moment
= 19583 N m/m.
3.7.9
Ultimate positive moment resisting capacity

of the deck slab
3.7.10 Ultimate negative moment resisting capacity

of the deck slab
Grade 60 steel (ASTM A 615)
Md(+ve)
= 22092 N m/m.
Md(-ve)
= 24136 N m/m.
3.7.11 Ratio of positive moment capacity to ultimate

applied positive moment
= 1.4
3.7.12 Ratio of negative moment capacity to ultimate

applied negative moment
= 1.23
4.0 SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN
Sec.8.9.3.1, AASHTO standard 1996 & Sec. 2.5.2.6.2, AASHTO LRFD 1994.
4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
Width of the CRM wall at top
= 825 mm.
4.1.3
Width of the CRM wall at bottom
= 2000 mm.
4.1.4
Length of the CRM wall (Transverse to the Traffic direction)
= 9625 mm.
4.1.5
Height of the CRM wall
= 4425 mm.
4.1.6
Total Height of abutment

(from bottom of the footing to the deck Level)
= 6900 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
R.C.C. Spread footing.
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 4000 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 11625 mm.
4.1.10 Depth of footing

4.2
= 600 mm.
Stability Analysis Of The Abutments.

4.2.1
Weight of the structure on the footing

(including weight of the footing and backfill)
= 4.58 X 106 N.
4.2.2
Total stabilizing force (weight of footing is not included)
= 2.41 X 106 N.
4.2.3
Total stabilizing moment about toe of the CRM wall
= 7.44 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 1.22 X 106 N.
4.2.5
Total overturning moment about toe of the CRM wall
= 3.22 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
Coefficient of friction between the CRM wall and footing
= 0.5
4.2.7
Factor of safety against sliding
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.64
4.2.8
Factor of safety against overturning
(F.O.S.) over turning. = 2.31
4.3
Pressure Distribution At Base Of The Footing.

4.3.1
Stresses at toe of the footing
qmax
= - 0.14 MPa.
4.3.2
Stresses at heel of the footing
qmin
= - 0.09 MPa.
4.3.3
Presumed allowable bearing capacity
= 0.48 MPa.
Pressure Distribution Diagram for the Abutment Footing
Distance from the toe

4.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.12
-0.14
-0.14
-0.16
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM FOR THE ABUTMENT FOOTING
4.4
Structural Design Of Sub Structure Ancillary Elements

4.4.1
Design Of Girder Seat/Transom

4.4.1.1
Width of the transom
= 825 mm.
4.4.1.2
Depth of the transom
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
Effective depth of the transom
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
Minimum area of steel
= 2228 mm2.
4.4.1.5
Moment of inertia of the transom
= 1.49 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
Modulus of elasticity of the transom concrete
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
Flexural rigidity of the transom
EI
= 3.27 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
20 8 bars uniformly distributed.
Note: The transom is provided as a rigid element to distribute the load of super structure at top of
the abutment wall (CRM wall). Its flexural rigidity is more than sufficient to distribute the load uniformly over the
abutment and to take care for any localized differential settlement in CRM wall.
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall

4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2
Thickness of the Back wall
= 250 mm.
4.4.2.3
Effective depth of the back wall
= 195 mm.
4.4.2.4
Ultimate moment at base of the Back wall
4.4.2.5
= 188 mm2/m
4.4.2.6
Moment capacity of the section
= 24830 N m/m.
4.4.2.7
Ratio of ultimate moment capacity and

ultimate applied moment
= 2.81
Mu
= 21996.4 MPa.
= 8848 N m/m
4.4.2.8
Main reinforcement steel
10 @ 150 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 150 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.10 Ultimate shear at base of the Back wall
= 15120 N.
4.4.2.11 Ultimate shear capacity of the back wall
= 132499 N.
4.4.2.12 Ratio of the ultimate shear capacity to

ultimate applied shear
= 8.76
4.4.3
Design Of The Abutment Footing

.3.1
Width of the footing
= 4000 mm.
4.2.2
Length of the footing
= 11625 mm.
4.2.3
Depth of the footing
= 600 mm.
4.2.4
Clear cover for the flexural steel
= 75 mm.
4.2.5
Effective depth of the footing
= 515 mm.
4.2.6
Applied punching shear on the footing
= 5160790 N.
4.2.7
Punching shear capacity of the footing
= 12559464 N.
4.2.8
Ratio of the punching shear capacity to

applied punching shear
= 2.43
4.2.9
Applied beam shear
= 1202850 N.
4.2.10
Beam shear capacity of the footing
= 4067978 N.
4.2.11
Ratio of the beam shear capacity to

the applied beam shear
= 3.38
4.2.12
Ultimate moment, in shorter direction,

at face of the support
Mu1
4.2.13
Reinforcement steel provided in shorter direction
4.2.14
Ultimate moment capacity in shorter direction
4.2.15
Ratio of the ultimate moment capacity to ultimate

applied moment In shorter direction
(As-mini)
Md1
= 106670 N-m/m.
20 @ 200 mm c/c.
=196021 Nm/m.
= 1.84
10
B.
RCC T-GIRDER BRIDGE AT KM 21 + 00

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 1.21 Km2.
1.2
Intensity of the rain fall
= 78.33 mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 16.92 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3
Recommended value to be used for the general geology anticipated at

the bridge site (Gravel, gravel-sand mixture, boulder-gravel mixtures)
= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1
SAME AS BRIDGE AT 4+907

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 825 mm.
4.1.3
= 4000 mm.
4.1.4
= 10612 mm.
4.1.5
= 7830 mm.
4.1.6

= 10455 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 6400 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12682 mm.
= 750 mm.
11
4.2

4.2.1
4.3

= 11.09 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 4.91 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 30.45 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 2.96X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 11.90 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.66
4.2.8

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0.19 MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0.10 MPa.
4.3.3
Presumptive allowable bearing capacity
= 0.48 MPa.
12

6.40
0.00
0.00
-0.05
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.10
-0.10
-0.15
-0.20
-0.19
-0.25
13
4.4

4.4.1
Design Of Back wall
4.4.1.1
= 250 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 195 mm.
4.4.1.3
4.4.1.4
= 500 mm2/m
4.4.1.5
= 18720 N m/m.
4.4.1.6

= 2.12
Mu
= 8847 N m/m
4.4.1.7
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.1.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.1.9
Ultimate shear at base of the Back wall
= 15120 N.
4.4.1.10 Ultimate shear capacity of the back wall
= 132499 N.
4.4.1.11 Ratio of the ultimate shear capacity to

= 8.76
4.4.2
4.4.2.1
= 6400 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 12682 mm.
4.4.2.3
= 750 mm.
4.4.2.4
= 75 mm.
4.4.2.5
= 665 mm.
4.4.2.6
= 9858170 N.
4.4.2.7
= 25003352 N.
4.4.2.8

= 2.53
Applied beam shear
= 1981950 N.
4.4.2.9
4.4.2.10 Beam shear capacity of the footing
= 5730437 N.
4.4.2.11 Ratio of the beam shear capacity to

applied beam shear
= 2.89
14
4.4.2.12 Ultimate moment, in shorter direction,

Mu1
4.4.2.13 Reinforcement steel provided in shorter direction

4.4.2.14 Ultimate moment capacity in shorter direction
(A s-mini)
Md1
4.4.2.15 Ratio of the ultimate moment capacity to ultimate

C.
= 210320 N-m/m.
20 @ 200 mm c/c.
= 254514.3 Nm/m.
= 1.21

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 1.51 Km2.
1.2
= 93.40 mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 25.15 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3
Recommended value to be used for the general geology anticipated

at the left abutment of the bridge (Weathered or broken rocks)
= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1

3.1.1
No. of Spans
=1
3.1.2
Each Span Length
= 10.5 meters.
3.1.3
Total Span Length
= 10.5 meters.
3.1.4
= 10 meters.
3.1.5
Skew Angle
= 45
3.1.6
RCC T-Girders and RCC Deck Slab.
3.1.7
= 4
15
3.1.8
= 8500 mm.
3.1.9
= 10250 mm.
3.1.10
= 3
3.1.11
Type of guardrail
3.2
R.C.C. wall type Guard Rail.

3.2.1
= 0.282
3.2.2
= 0.282
3.2.3
= 0.33
3.2.4
= 0.33
3.3
3.4
Dynamic load allowance (not applied to the design lane load) are:
3.3.1
IM
= 30 %
3.3.2
IM
= 33 %

3.4.1
Mgirder
= 90000 N-m
3.4.2
Mslab
= 152000 N-m
3.4.3
= 27000 N-m
3.4.4

wearing coarse, safety curbs and railings.
Ms.i.d.
= 47000 N-m

M L.L
= 802000 N-m
3.4.5
3.5

3.5.1
Vu
= 733920N
3.5.2
dv
= 1092 mm.
3.5.3
bv
= 300 mm.
3.5.4
Vc
= 226269 N.
16
3.6
3.5.5
3.5.6
Vn = Vc +Vs
= 733341 N.
3.5.7
Vr = * Vn
= 623339 N.
3.5.8
= 1.17
3.6.1
= 3.73 mm.
3.6.2
= 12.5 mm.
3.6.3
= 3.35
3.6.4
= 1.22 mm.
3.6.5
= 0.218 mm.
3.6.6
= 5.19 mm.
3.6.7
Allowable deflection due to total loads for

simply supported structures
= 20.83 mm.
Ratio of allowable net deflection to applied net deflection
= 2.0 mm.
Design Of Deck Slab (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

3.7.1

= 175 mm.
3.7.2
= 200 mm.
3.7.3
Primary Reinforcement steel used
Grade 60 steel (ASTM A 615)
3.7.4
Secondary Reinforcement Steel Used

Grade 40 Steel (Astm A 615)
3.7.5
Service dead load positive moment
= 9219 N m/m.
3.7.6
Service dead load negative moment
= 12188 N m/m.
3.7.7
= 15718 N m/m.
3.7.8
= 19583 N m/m.
3.7.9
Ultimate positive moment resisting

capacity of the deck slab
3.7.10 Ultimate negative moment resisting

= 507072 N.
Deflection In The RCC Girders
3.6.8
3.7
Vs
Md(+ve)
= 22087 N m/m.
Md(-ve)
= 24136 N m/m.
17
3.7.11 Ratio of positive moment capacity to

ultimate applied positive moment
= 1.40
3.7.12 Ratio of negative moment capacity to

ultimate applied negative moment
= 1.20

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 950 mm.
4.1.3
= 6250 mm.
4.1.4
= 18738 mm.
4.1.5
= 10500 mm.
4.1.6

= 13125 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 8950 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 21567 mm.

4.2
= 750 mm.

4.2.1

= 33.92 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 15.39 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 143.52 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 8.25X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 42.00 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.86
4.2.8
18
4.3

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0.20 MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0.15MPa.
4.3.3
= 0.48 MPa.

8.95
0.00
0.00
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.05
-0.10
-0.15
-0.15
-0.20
-0.20
-0.25

.
19
4.4

4.4.1
4.4.1.1
= 950 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 2565 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.71 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.76 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
3.1
= 375 mm.
3.2
= 320 mm.
3.3
3.4
= 750 mm2/m
3.5
= 46150 N m/m.
3.6

= 5.22
Mu
= 8848 N m/m
3.7
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
3.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
3.9
= 15120 N.
3.10
Ultimate shear capacity of the back wall
= 217434.4 N.
3.11
Ratio of the ultimate shear capacity to

= 14.37
20
1.3

3.1
= 8950 mm.
3.2
= 21567 mm.
3.3
= 750 mm.
3.4
= 75 mm.
3.5
= 517 mm.
3.6
= 20733950 N.
3.7
= 39649078 N.
3.8

= 1.91
3.9
Applied beam shear
= 3544590 N.
3.10
= 9745177 N
3.11
Ratio of the beam shear capacity to the applied beam shear
= 2.75
3.12

Mu1
= 345600 N-m/m.
3.13
(As-mini) 20 @ 200 mm c/c.
3.14
Md1
3.15

Applied moment In shorter direction
= 378168 Nm/m.
= 1.1
21
D.

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 2.00Km2.
1.2
= 96.29 mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 34.12 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3
Recommended value to be used for the general

Geology anticipated at the left abutment of the bridge
(Weathered or broken rocks)
= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1
Same As Bridge At 22+535

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 825 mm.
4.1.3
= 4000 mm.
4.1.4
= 10250 mm.
4.1.5
= 7375 mm.
4.1.6

= 10000 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 6000 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.
22

4.2

4.2.1
4.3
= 750 mm.

= 9.92 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 4.38 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 25.74 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 2.62X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 10.04 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.67
4.2.8

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0. 21MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0. 08MPa.
4.3.3
= 0.48 MPa.
23

6.00
0.00
0.00
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.05
-0.10
-0.08
-0.15
-0.20
-0.21
-0.25
24
4.4

4.4.1
4.4.1.1
= 825 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 1470 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.49 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.26 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
= 250 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 195 mm.
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
= 500 mm2/m
4.4.2.5
= 36840 N m/m.
4.4.2.6

= 4.16
Mu
= 8848 N m/m
4.4.2.7
10 @ 150 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 150 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 15120 N.
4.4.2.10
= 132499.11 N.
4.4.2.11
Ratio of the ultimate shear capacity to ultimate applied shear
= 8.76
25
4.4.3
4.4.3.1
= 6000 mm.
4.4.3.2
= 12250 mm.
4.4.3.3
= 750 mm.
4.4.3.4
= 75 mm.
4.4.3.5
= 665 mm.
4.4.3.6
= 8686570 N.
4.4.3.7
= 24773725 N.
4.4.3.8

= 2.85
4.4.3.9
Applied beam shear
= 1289180 N.
4.4.3.10
= 5535235 N.
4.4.3.11
= 4.29
4.4.3.12

Mu1
= 157070 N-m/m.
4.4.3.13
(As-mini)
4.4.3.14
Md1
4.4.3.15

20 @ 200 mm c/c.
= 378168 Nm/m.
= 2.40
26
E.

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 0.92 Km2.
1.2
= 114.20 mm/hr
1.3
1.4
= 0.5
Q
= 18.76 m3/sec.

2.4
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.5
= 35
2.6

geology anticipated at the left abutment of the bridge
3.0
= 0.48 MPa.
SUPER STRUTURE
3.1

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 825 mm.
4.1.3
= 2400 mm.
4.1.4
= 10250 mm.
4.1.5
= 4325 mm.
4.1.6

= 6900 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 4600 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.
27

4.2

4.2.1
4.3
= 700 mm.

= 5.25 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 2.21 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 8.74 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 1.26 X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 3.28 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.75
4.2.8

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0. 12 MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0. 09 MPa.
4.3.3
= 0.48 MPa.
28

4.60
0.00
0.00
-0.02
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.12
-0.12
-0.14
29
4.4

4.4.1 Design Of Girder Seat/Transom
4.4.1.1
= 825 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 1470 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.49 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.27 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2 Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
4.4.2.2
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
4.4.2.5
4.4.2.6

= 250 mm.
= 195 mm.
Mu
= 8848 N m/m
= 500 mm2/m
= 45610 KN m/m.
= 5.15
4.4.2.7
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 15120 N.
4.4.2.10
= 132499 N.
4.4.2.11
= 8.76
30
4.4.3 Design Of The Abutment Footing

4.4.3.1
= 4600 mm.
4.4.3.2
= 12250 mm.
4.4.3.3
= 700 mm.
4.4.3.4
4.4.3.5
= 625 mm.
4.4.3.6
= 5071240 N.
4.4.3.7
= 17005570 N.
4.4.3.8

= 3.35
4.4.3.9
Applied beam shear
= 1308880 N.
4.4.3.10
= 5119052 N.
4.4.3.11
= 3.91
4.4.3.12

= 91320 N-m/m.
= 75 mm.
Mu1
4.4.3.13
Reinforcement steel provided in shorter direction (As-mini) 20 @ 250 mm c/c.
4.4.3.14
4.4.3.15

Md1
= 280910 Nm/m.
= 3.07
31
F.

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 0.91 Km2.
1.2
= 95.73 mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 15.53 m3/sec.
3.0
2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3

= 0.48 MPa.
SUPER STRUCTURE
3.1

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.1
= 950 mm.
4.1.2
= 2400 mm.
4.1.3
= 10250 mm.
4.1.4
= 4325 mm.
4.1.5

= 7500 mm.
4.1.6
Type of footing
4.1.7
Width of footing
= 4600 mm.
32
4.2
4.1.8
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.
4.1.9
Depth of footing
= 700 mm.

4.2.1
4.3

= 6.54 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 2.92 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 16.44 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 1.49 X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 4.24 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.96
4.2.8

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0. 11 MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0. 10 MPa.
4.3.3
= 0.48 MPa.
33

5.50
0.00
-0.09
-0.10
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.10
-0.10
-0.11
-0.11
-0.12
-0.11
-0.12
34
4.4

4.4.1
4.4.1.1
= 950 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 2228 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.71 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.76 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
= 375 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 320 mm.
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
= 750 mm2/m
4.4.2.5
= 76050 N m/m.
4.4.2.6

= 3.40
Mu
= 22368 N m/m
4.4.2.7
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 26550 N.
4.4.2.10
= 217434 N.
4.4.2.11
= 8.2
35
4.4.3
4.1.1.1
= 4600 mm.
4.1.1.2
= 12250 mm.
4.1.1.3
= 700 mm.
4.1.1.4
= 75 mm.
4.1.1.5
= 625 mm.
4.1.1.6
= 4067940 N.
4.1.1.7
= 15085085 N.
4.4.3.8

= 3.71
Applied beam shear
= 714170 N.
4.4.3.9
4.4.3.10 Beam shear capacity of the footing
= 3454320 N.
4.4.3.11 Ratio of the beam shear capacity to the applied beam shear
= 4.84
4.4.3.12 Ultimate moment, in shorter direction,

Mu1
= 48950 N-m/m.
4.4.3.13 Reinforcement steel provided in shorter direction
(As-mini) 20 @ 250 mm c/c.
4.4.3.14 Ultimate moment capacity in shorter direction
Md1
4.4.3.15 Ratio of the ultimate moment capacity to ultimate

= 187306.63 Nm/m.
= 3.82
36
G.

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 1.46Km2.
1.2
= 107.54mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 27.95 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3

= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1
Same As Bridge At 22+535.

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 825 mm.
4.1.3
= 4000 mm.
4.1.4
= 10250 mm.
4.1.5
= 6200 mm.
4.1.6

= 8375 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 5000 mm
37
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.

4.2
= 300 mm.

4.2.1 Weight of the structure on the footing
= 5.25 X 106 N.
= 2.21 X 106 N.
4.2.2 Total stabilizing force (weight of footing is not included)
4.3
4.2.3 Total stabilizing moment about toe of the CRM wall
= 8.74 X 106 N m.
4.2.4 Total sliding force
= 1.26X 106 N.
4.2.5 Total overturning moment about toe of the CRM wall
= 3.28 X 106 N m.
4.2.6 Coefficient of friction between the CRM wall and footing
= 0.5
4.2.7 Factor of safety against sliding
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.75
4.2.8 Factor of safety against overturning

4.3.1 Stresses at toe of the footing
4.3.2 Stresses at heel of the footing
4.3.3 Presumptive allowable bearing capacity
qmax
= - 0.12 MPa.
qmin
= - 0.09 MPa.
= 0.48 MPa.
38

4.60
0.00
0.00
-0.02
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.12
-0.12
-0.14

.
39
4.4

4.4.1

4.4.1.1
= 825 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 2227.5 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.49 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.27 x 1014N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
= 250 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 195 mm.
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
= 500 mm2/m
4.4.2.5
= 45610 N m/m.
4.4.2.6

= 5.15
Mu
= 8848 N m/m
4.4.2.7
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 120 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 15120 N.
4.4.2.10
= 132499 N.
4.4.2.11
= 8.76
40
4.4.3
4.4.3.1
= 5000 mm.
4.4.3.2
= 12250 mm.
4.4.3.3
= 300 mm.
4.4.3.4
= 75 mm.
4.4.3.5
= 225 mm.
4.4.3.6
= 5071240 N.
4.4.3.7
= 17005570 N.
4.4.3.8

= 3.53
4.4.3.9
Applied beam shear
= 1308880 N.
4.4.3.10
= 5119052 N.
4.4.3.11
= 3.91
4.4.3.12

Mu1
= 91320 N-m/m.
4.4.3.13
(As-mini) 20 @ 300 mm c/c.
4.4.3.14
Md1
4.4.3.15

= 234943 Nm/m.
= 2.57
41

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 3.75Km2.
1.2
= 75.84mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 50.31 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3

Geology anticipated at the left abutment of the bridge
= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1

3.1.1
No. of Spans
=1
3.1.2
Each Span Length
= 16.5 meters.
3.1.3
Total Span Length
= 16.5 meters.
3.1.4
= 16 meters.
3.1.5
Skew Angle
= 0
3.1.6
3.1.7
= 4
3.1.8
= 8500 mm.
3.1.9
= 10250 mm.
3.1.10
= 3
3.1.11
Type of guardrail
RCC concrete girders and RCC deck slab.
R.C.C. wall type Guard Railings.
42
3.2

3.2.1
= 0.282
3.2.2
= 0.282
3.2.3
= 0.33
3.2.4
= 0.33
3.3
3.4
Dynamic Load Allowance (Not Applied To The Design Lane Load) Are:
3.3.1
IM
= 33 %
3.3.2
IM
= 30 %

3.4.1
Mgirder
= 483000 N-m
3.4.2
Mslab
= 381000 N-m
3.4.3
= 64000 N-m
3.4.4

wearing coarse, safety curbs and railings.
Ms.i.d.
= 132000 N-m

M L.L
= 1356000 N-m
3.4.5
3.5

3.5.1
Vu
= 864640 N.
3.5.2
dv
= 1676 mm.
3.5.3
bv
= 400 mm.
3.5.4
Vc
= 455920 N.
3.5.5
Vs
= 402544 N.
3.5.6
Vn = Vc +Vs
= 858464 N.
3.5.7
Vr = * Vn
= 729694 N.
3.5.8
= 1.18
43
3.6 Deflection In The RCC Girders

3.6.1
= 4.55 mm.
3.6.2
= 20 mm.
3.6.3
= 4.39
3.6.4
= 2.87 mm.
3.6.5
= 0.44 mm.
3.6.6
= 7.87 mm.
3.6.7
Allowable deflection due to total loads for

simply supported structures
= 33.33 mm.
Ratio of net allowable deflection to net applied deflection
= 4.23
3.6.8
3.7 Design Of Deck Slab (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

3.7.1

= 175 mm.
3.7.2
= 200 mm.
3.7.3
Primary reinforcement steel used
grade 60 steel (ASTM a 615)
3.7.4
Secondary reinforcement steel used

grade 40 steel (ASTM a 615)
3.7.5
Service dead load positive moment
= 9041 N m/m.
3.7.6
Service dead load negative moment
= 11795 N m/m.
3.7.7
= 15422 N m/m.
3.7.8
= 19014 N m/m.
3.7.9
Ultimate positive moment resisting

3.7.10 Ultimate negative moment resisting

Md(+ve)
= 22087 N m/m.
Md(-ve)
= 24135 N m/m.
3.7.11 Ratio of positive moment capacity

to ultimate applied positive moment
= 1.43
3.7.12 Ratio of negative moment capacity

to ultimate applied negative moment
= 1.26
44

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 950 mm.
4.1.3
= 2400 mm.
4.1.4
= 10250 mm.
4.1.5
= 4325 mm.
4.1.6

= 7500 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 4600 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.

4.2

4.2.1
4.3
= 700 mm.
Weight of the structure (including weight of the footing and backfill)

on the footing
= 6.12 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 2.65 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 9.89 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 1.49 X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 4.24 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
= 1.77
4.2.8
(F.O.S.)sliding

4.3.1 Stresses at toe of the footing
4.3.2 Stresses at heel of the footing
4.3.3 Presumptive allowable bearing capacity
qmax
= - 0. 16MPa.
qmin
= - 0.08 MPa.
= 0.48 MPa.
45

4.60
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.06
-0.08
-0.08
-0.10
-0.12
-0.14
-0.16
-0.16
-0.18
46
4.4

4.4.1
4.4.1.1
= 950 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 2565 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.71x1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
=3.76x1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
= 375 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 320 mm.
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
= 750 mm2/m
4.4.2.5
= 46150 N m/m.
4.4.2.6

= 2.06
Mu
= 22361 N m/m
4.4.2.7
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 26550 N.
4.4.2.10
= 217434 N.
4.4.2.11
= 8.2
47
4.4.3
4.4.3.1
= 4600 mm.
4.4.3.2
= 12250 mm.
4.4.3.3
= 700 mm.
4.4.3.4
= 75 mm.
4.4.3.5
= 615 mm.
4.4.3.6
= 6750410 N.
4.4.3.7
= 17005570 N.
4.4.3.8

= 2.52
4.4.3.9
Applied beam shear
= 1146620 N.
4.4.3.10
= 5119052 N.
4.4.3.11

= 4. 46
4.4.3.12

Mu1
4.4.3.13
(As-mini) 20 @ 200 mm c/c.
4.4.3.14
Md1
4.4.3.15

= 121560 N-m/m.
= 348921 Nm/m.
= 2.87
48

1.1
Catchment area
Acatch
= 2.29Km2.
1.2
= 90.53mm/hr.
1.3
= 0.5
1.4
= 36.63 m3/sec.

2.1
soil
= 17300 N/m3.
2.2
= 35
2.3

= 0.48 MPa.
3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

3.1
Same As 52+08

4.1
General Information
4.1.1
Type of abutment
CRM Abutment.
4.1.2
= 950 mm.
4.1.3
= 4800 mm.
4.1.4
= 10250 mm.
4.1.5
= 7525 mm.
4.1.6

= 10750 mm.
4.1.7
Type of footing
4.1.8
Width of footing
= 7400 mm.
4.1.9
Length of footing
= 12250 mm.
= 750 mm.
49
4.2

4.2.1
4.3

=13.05 X 106 N.
4.2.2
= 5.82 X 106 N.
4.2.3
= 41.67 X 106 N m.
4.2.4
Total sliding force
= 3.03 X 106 N.
4.2.5
= 12.52 X 106 N m.
4.2.6
= 0.5
4.2.7
(F.O.S.)sliding
= 1.92
4.2.8

4.3.1
qmax
= - 0.17 MPa.
4.3.2
qmin
= - 0.14 MPa.
4.3.3
= 0.48 MPa.
50

7.40
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
Pressure ( Mpa )
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
-0.12
-0.14
-0.14
-0.16
-0.17
-0.18

.
51
4.4

4.4.1

4.4.1.1
= 950 mm.
4.4.1.2
= 600 mm.
4.4.1.3
= 540 mm.
4.4.1.4
= 2565 mm2.
4.4.1.5
= 1.71 x 1010 mm4.
4.4.1.6
= 21996.4 MPa.
4.4.1.7
EI
= 3.76 x 1014 N-mm2
4.4.1.8
Reinforcement steel
4.4.2
Design Of Back wall
4.4.2.1
= 375 mm.
4.4.2.2
= 320 mm.
4.4.2.3
4.4.2.4
Mu
= 22367 N m/m
= 675 mm2/m
4.4.2.5
= 46150 N m/m.
4.4.2.6

= 2.06
4.4.2.7
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.8
Shrinkage steel
10 @ 200 mm c/c. (B.F.)
4.4.2.9
= 26550 N.
4.4.2.10
= 217434 N.
4.4.2.11
= 8.2
52
4.4.3
4.4.3.1
= 7400 mm.
4.4.3.2
= 12250 mm.
4.4.3.3
= 750 mm.
4.4.3.4
= 75 mm.
4.4.3.5
= 665 mm.
4.4.3.6
Applied beam shear
= 1962820 N.
4.4.3.7
= 5535235 N.
4.4.3.8

= 2.82
4.4.3.9

Mu1
4.4.3.10
(As-mini) 20 @ 175 mm c/c.
4.4.3.11
Md1
4.4.3.12

= 213220 N-m/m.
= 430791 Nm/m.
= 2.02

Design Report of T-Girder T-D (231299)

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Design Report of T-Girder T-D (231299)

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1

DESIGN REPORT OF RCC T- GIRDER BRIDGES

1.0 DESIGN SPECIFICATION

AASHTO Standard specifications 1996.

Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges (PCPHB) 1967.

2.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Service limit state.

Strength limit state

(Limit states, of AASHTO LRFD 1994)

3.0 LIVE LOADS

Single Lane of Military Class 70 Loading

Two lanes of Class A Loading (PCPHB).

HS20-44 Truck (AASHTO standard 1996).

4.0 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Concrete used in the RCC girders

Class A concrete of 28 days cylinder

Concrete used in the deck slab, diaphragms,

Class A concrete of 28 days

Primary Reinforcement steel

Grade 60 (414 MPa) deformed round

Secondary Reinforcement steel

Grade 40 (276 Mpa) deformed round

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

5.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS. (Ref: ASSHTO LRFD)

Resistance factors, , are:

Flexure and tension of reinforced concrete

Shear and torsion in normal density concrete

Axial compression with spirals and ties

Load combinations and Load factors : Following limit states are

Service l Limit state

Strength l Limit State

A RCC T- GIRDER BRIDGE AT KM 4 + 907

Intensity of the rainfall

Coefficient of run off

Discharge (100 years)

2.0 GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION

Unit weight of the granular backfill (soil)

Angle of internal friction of the granular backfill

Recommended value to be used for the general geology anticipated

3.0 SUPER STRUCTURE

General Information About Bridge Geometry (Ref: AASHTO LRFD)

Each Span Length

Total Span Length

Effective Span Length

RCC T-Girders and RCC Deck Slab.

No. of Girders per Span

Clear Width of the Bridge

Total Width of the Bridge

No. of Diaphragms per Span

R.C.C. wall type Guard Rail.

Rational formula for discharges (Hydrology in Practice by Elezabeth M. Shaw pp/297).

Live load distribution factors (per lane) are:

For bending moment in interior girders

For bending moment in exterior girders

Factor for shear in interior girders

Factor for shear in exterior girders

For HL 93, Loading Truck and Tandem

For all other loading

Applied Moments On The RCC Girders

Service dead load moment due to self weight of the girder

Service dead load moment due to weight of the deck slab

Service dead load moment due to weight of the diaphragms Mdiaph

Service dead load moment due to weight of the