Group of Seven (Former G8)

Due to threats coming from China, economic policies and programs mentioned earlier are coming from second
hand resources:

Sustainable Governance Indicators * The Group of Seven Economic Report of 2014 (Draft) * International
Monetary Fund * DLSU: European Studies (Chapters 4, 5, 8)

France

The French growth model has been based on domestic demands of its country according to SGI (Sustainable
Governance Indicators). It is fuelled by the state subsidies, budget deficits and public debts.
Labor Market Policy: France implements a job-training system in public high schools which is accepted in the
industry.
o Dual Labor Market: Regulated sector (protected) and Precarity sector (limited job protection).
Comprehensive Technological Research: fifteen percent of national budget should be allocated in research
projects, thus, five percent of GDP is coming from this program (patents, new inventions etc.)
Fiscal rebate Policy: fiscal rebates from companies and citizens have been introduced; a public bank (Banque d'
Investissement) has been created to finance innovative small and medium firms.

United Kingdom

Zero-hour Policy: highlights the real-wage system of public sectors including the contractual workers. Minimum
wage per hour: 6.5 = US 8.2
Industrial Development Act of 1982: it classifies the districts of United Kingdom into two: development area and
intermediate area.
o Development Area: priority for development
o Intermediate Area: highly developed area
Partnership Act: UK should apply for innovation funding in its former territories including Malaysia, Singapore,
India, and allied countries including France.
Comprehensive Visa Agreement: Visa applicant may apply now via online system
Annual National Infrastructure Plan: The plan builds on the progress already made by providing the clarity and
visibility that industry, supply chain and investors need going forwards, thus, high quality infrastructures are
essential for supporting those visions mentioned.
o London Eye, Restoration of Westminster Palace, old universities including Oxford University and
University of Cambridge, and commercial infrastructures including Royal Albert Hall (Nat' Concert Hall)
Seasonal Budget: the budget for the entire year will be divided into four according to four seasons in UK.
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: negotiation between EU-US free trade agreement.

Germany

Marshall Plan: After WW2, Germany received a monetary aid to revive its economic activity to revive its
economic activity and should be repaid to the Allies. Apart from its factors, hard work and long hours at full
capacity among the population in the 50s to 80s, extra labor supplied by thousands of guest workers provided a
vital base for economic upturn.
Due to soaring unemployment, Germany provided a wide ranging program of reform called Agenda 2010
including the labor market reforms known as Hartz I - IV.
o Hartz I (2005): implementation of vocational education from the German Federal Labor Agency.

Hartz II (2008): rise in the number of job centers and implementation of new type of employment:
minijob (summer job for youth).
o Hartz III (2010): reformation of job centers and importation of overseas/ foreign workers and investors.
o Hartz IV (2015): Reform for unemployment benefits: 391 per month, rebounding the manufacturing of
imports and exports of products which makes Germany to become third largest importer and third
largest exporter in the world.
Fortune Global 500: responsible for the economic progress and activities of 500 largest stock market-listed
companies in the world including Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Adidas, Porsche, Nivea, etc.
Red-green Coalition: by 2020, nuclear plants should be phased out, thus, making Germany as the largest
producer of wind and solar energy in the world.
Green technology policy: Germany provides all research institutes a fund for a total of 200 billion every year.
This provides engineer, architects, scientists, and academicians to study further in any universities in Germany
for free.
Free Education Act: This law provides free education for all undergraduate students in all universities in
Germany.

Japan

Abenomics - proposed by Prime Minister Shinzu Abe, aims to make Japanese Yen inlined with the monetary
value of other G7 countries.
JEPA (JPEPA, JSEPA, JMEPA etc.): concerned for bilateral investment and free trade between Japan and other
countries including Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, etc.
RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation): a group of company which aims economic stability of Japan with
the help of Tokyo Stock Exchange, and help consumers to afford the price of their products.
Nenko system: the classification f jobs for their job benefits.
o Salary man (white-collar): professional jobs
o Office lady (pink-collar): jobs with no possibility of promotion (farmer, fisher)
o Freeter (blue-collar): man powered jobs (industrial workers, contractual workers)
Under the Nenko System, it allows older employees to achieve a higher salaries and job
promotion before the retirement.

Canada

North American Free Trade Agreement: eliminates barriers to trade an investment between US, Canada and
Mexico. Because of this, tariffs were eliminated into 1/2 by 2015 and fully eliminated by 2020.
National Energy Program: the regulation and production of natural energies should be supplied by the
Department of Energy, thus, it makes the natural energies (electricity, water supply) to become affordable.

United States

Advancing US- East Asia Policy: a policy which encourages East Asian countries in having direct foreign
investment as well as international security. One of the products of this project is the EDCA in Philippines.
New Appalachia: a concept in which gives highlight on Appalachia Region to be the priority for economic activity
because it is the poorest region in the US.

Italy

North-South Division: It divides the Italy into two economic regions: Northern Italy for Industrial purposes and
Southern Italy for Agricultural purposes.