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y (t ) = Ym cos(t + )
Nmero complejo
Eje Imaginario
r
Y = a + jb
r
a = Re(Y )
r
b = Im(Y )
r
Y
Eje Real
a
3
r Ym j
Y=
e = Ye j
2
Luego:
[ ]
r j t
y (t ) = 2 Re Ye
r
j
Y = Ye = Y
r
Y = Y cos + jY sin
Donde Y =
Ym
2
: Valor rms de y (t )
r
j ( + ) A (
A = Ae
= /
+)
r
A Significa " Angulo del fasor A"
P or lo T ant o:
r
A = +
Y sin
r
Y =Y
Y cos
Eje Real
7
Dado :
r
A = A/
r
B = B/
Multiplica cin :
rr
AB = AB / ( + )
rr
AB* = AB / ( )
rr
2
AA* = A
8
A
A
A
(
)
j
Divisin : = e
= / ( )
B
B B
n
j n
n jn
Exponencia cin : ( A) = ( Ae ) = A e
n
A = A e
n
j
n
Z
I
Impedancia
r
r V VV V ( )
Z= r=
= / V I = Z
I
I I I
Z = R + jX = Z cos + jZ sin
R = Re sistencia
X = Induc tan cia
10
Resistencia
I
+ V -
+ V -
+ V -
I
V
Capacitancia
I
V
= 0
= 90
= - 90
11
13
r
| Z | r
Area
r
-r
r
R
Z
-r
R
14
Carga
Entrante
Mxima
Carga
Carga
saliente
R
15
Potencia Compleja
r r r*
S = V I = P + jQ
*
P = Re V I = Re V I
I
V
Z
Q = Im V I * = Im V * I
16
Comportamiento
de
la
corriente
cortocircuito de un Generador Sncrono:
de
17
Comportamiento de la corriente de
cortocircuito de un Generador Sncrono:
Xd(t)
Xd
X'd
X''d
18
Generador
Transformador
Lnea
DIgSILENT
R
40.00
0.021 s
39.709 kA
0.475 s
14.543 kA
20.00
0.00
0.029 s
1.241 kA
-20.00
0.483 s
-9.609 kA
-40.00
-0.1000
0.0200
GS1: Phase Current A in kA
GS1: Phase Current B in kA
GS1: Phase Current C in kA
0.1400
0.2600
0.3799
[s]
0.4999
19
Generador
Falla trifsica:
Transformador
Lnea
R
I/kA
1.0
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
t/s
0.0
-1.0
Line1:m:I:bus1:A A
Line1:m:I:bus1:B B
Line1:m:I:bus1:C C
p.u.
0.5
0.0
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
t/s
-0.5
-1.0
Line1:m:u:bus1:B B
Line1:m:u:bus1:A A
Line1:m:u:bus1:C C
20
Falla trifsica:
Fasores durante la falla
Ic
Va
Ia
Ia
Ic
Vb
Vc
Vb
Ib
Vc
Ib
21
Generador
Transformador
Lnea
R
I/kA
0.5
0.0
-0.025
-0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
t/s
-0.5
-1.0
Line1:m:I:bus1:A A
Line1:m:I:bus1:B B
Line1:m:I:bus1:C C
p.u.
1.0
-0.025
-0.000
0.025
0.050
t/s
0.0
22
-1.0
Line1:m:u:bus1:B B
Line1:m:u:bus1:A A
Line1:m:u:bus1:C C
Va
Va
Ia
Ia
Ic
Ic
Ib
Vc
Vb
Vc
Vb
Ib
23
Generador
Transformador
Lnea
R
I/kA
1.0
0.0
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
t/s
-1.0
Line1:m:I:bus1:A A
Line1:m:I:bus1:B B
Line1:m:I:bus1:C C
p.u.
1.0
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
t/s
0.0
-1.0
Line1:m:u:bus1:B B
Line1:m:u:bus1:A A
Line1:m:u:bus1:C C
24
Generador
Transformador
Lnea
R
I/kA
1.0
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
t/s
0.0
-1.0
Line1:m:I:bus1:A A
Line1:m:I:bus1:B B
Line1:m:I:bus1:C C
IE*/kA
0.5
0.0
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
t/s
-0.5
-1.0
IE*
p.u.
1.0
0.5
-0.03
t/s
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
Line1:m:u:bus1:B B
Line1:m:u:bus1:A A
Line1:m:u:bus1:C C
25
Generador
Transformador
Lnea
R
I/A
300
200
100
0
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
-100
t/s
-200
-300
Line1:m:I:bus1:A A
Line1:m:I:bus1:B B
Line1:m:I:bus1:C C
p.u.
1.0
0.0
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
t/s
-1.0
Line1:m:u:bus1:B B
Line1:m:u:bus1:A A
Line1:m:u:bus1:C C
26
0.0
-1.0
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-0.4
-0.2
-0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
t/s
iL2/ A
1.0
0.0
-1.0
t/s
iL3/ A
2.5
0.0
-2.5
-5.0
t/s
iE/ A
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
t/s
uL1/ V
50
0
-50
t/s
uL2/ V
50
0
-50
t/s
uL3/ V
50
0
-50
t/s
uSYN2/ V
50
0
-50
t/s
27
0.0
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
-1.0
K3:L-1105 IR A
K3:L-1105 IS B
K3:L-1105 IT C
700 ms
K3:L-1105 IN N/kA
1.0
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
0.0
-1.0
K3:L-1105 IN N
U/kV
100
-0.25
0
-100
K3:L-1105 UR A
K3:L-1105 US B
K3:L-1105 UT C
Trigger
12/02/2014
12:37:08 a.m..000
I/A
I/A
20
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
t/s
0.50
10
0
0.10
-10
-2
0.20
-20
-30
Ia
Ib
Ic
Ia
In/A
Ib
Ic
In/A
100
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
t/s
0.50
0
0.10
0.20
-100
-10
-200
In
In
U/V
U/V
50
0
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.10
0.20
t/s
-50
-100
-100
Va
Vb
Va
Vc
51N_P
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
51N_P
51P_CP
51P_BP
51N1_P
Vb
Vc
0.50
t/s
0.10
0.20
29
IT
IS
I G= 0
VR
IR
IS
IR
VS
VT
IT
30
VR
VR
IS
VS
IR
VS
VT
VT
IG
IT
IS
IT
IG
IS
IG
IT
31
Rel 1
Alimentador 1
RED
Rel 2
Alimentador 2
32
3V0
3I0
3I0
|V1|aa1
|V2|aa2
L
P12(t)
P21(t)
1
P1(t)
P2(t)
34
Potencia Instantnea
v = 2V cos(t )
i = 2 I cos(t )
i(t)
V(t)
Z<
p = VI cos( ) + VI cos(2t )
p = VI cos( ) + VI cos( ) cos(2t ) + VI sin( ) sin(2t )
35
Potencia Instantnea
p = VI cos + VI cos (2 t )
P = Vi
i
1
PPr omedio =
pdt = VI cos( )
T 0
36
2V cos(t )
i=
2 I cos(t )
Resistencia
I
Inductancia
I
Capacitancia
I
+ V -
+ V -
+ V -
= 0
= 90
= -90
Promedio = VI= I 2 R
Promedio = 0
Promedio = 0
37
V
iC
V
PL(t)
PC(t)
iL
V
pC
pL