Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Electrical Basic Course

Exercise 5
First order circuit

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 1
L

a
+

The circuit is working under stady-state

conditions with the switch in the position a.

R
E

Evaluate the expression of the current and

the energy dissipated by the resistor

For t<0
i(t = 0 ) =

At t=0 the switch is moved toward the

position b.

E
R

For t>0
0 = Ri + L

it (t ) = k1e ( R L )t

di
dt

i (t = t 0 ) = i (t = t 0+ )
1 2 1 E2
W = LI = L 2
2
2 R

E R = k1

i (t ) =

E ( R L )t
e
R

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 2
R1
+ iE

R2

vc

R3

E = 120 V
R1 = 40
R2 = 20
R3 = 40
Switch open for t<0
Wc(t<0)=0.3J

The switch is closed at t=0 and after t=2 ms the switch is open.
Determine in the two intervals:
a) vc and iE

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 1
For t<0 the voltage and the energy are known and so it is possible to evaluate the
capacitance:

Vc = E

R2 + R3
60
2W
= 120
= 72V C = 2 = 115.74F
R1 + R2 + R3
100
Vc

For t>0, the equivalent Thevenin circuit at the terminal of the capacitor

Eeq = ER3 (R1 + R3 ) = 60V

Req = R1 R3 (R1 + R3 ) = 20
The homogeneous equation and solution:

dvc
1
vc (t ) + ReqC
= 0 1 + pReqC = 0 p =
= 432.0s 1
dt
ReqC

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

The complete solution:

vc (t ) = 60 + ke pt
By imposing the continuity:

( )

( )

vc 0 = vc 0 +

72 = 60 + k k = 12

Then:

vc (t ) = 60 + 12e 432 t

Where: = Req C = 2 . 315 ms

From the KVL and the equation on R1:

E vc (t ) 120 60 12e 432t

ig (t ) =
=
= 1.5 0.3e 432t
R1
40

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

For t>2ms, the equivalent Thevenin circuit at the terminal of the capacitor:

E 'eq = E (R2 + R3 ) (R1 + R2 + R3 ) = 72V

R 'eq = R1 (R2 + R3 ) (R1 + R2 + R3 ) = 24

The new time constant is:

' = R'eq C = 2.778ms

The new initial value is:

vc (t = 2ms ) = 60 + 12e 4320.002 = 60 + 5.06 = 65.06V

dv'c
1
v'c (t ') + R'eq C
= 0 1 + p' R'eq C = 0 p' =
= 360.0 s 1
dt '
R'eq C

v 'c (t ') = 72 + k ' e pt '

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

By imposing the continuity:

vc t = 2ms = v 'c 2ms +

65.06 = 72 + k ' k ' = 6.94

The complete solution:

v 'c (t ) = 72 6.94e 360 (t 2 ms )

From the KVL and the equation on R1:

E v'c (t ) 120 72 + 6.94e 360(t 2 ms )

i ' g (t ) =
=
= 1.2 + 0.1735e 360(t 2 ms )
R1
40

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 3
R1
+

iE

iR2

+
vC

R2
E

E = 200 V
C = 40 F
R1 = 150
R2 = 350
Wc=1.25J

The switch is closed at t=0 and after t=50 ms the switch is open.
Determine in the two intervals:
a) iE and iR2

Results

iE (t ) = 0.4 0.733e 238.1t A

iR 2 (t ) = 0.4 + 0.314e 238.1t A
iE (t ) = iR 2 (t ) = 0.4 A

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 4
A
+

L
E

C
2

E = 48 V
C = 200 F
L=25mH
R1 = 5
R2 = 20

Fot t<0 the circuit works under steady state conditions.

The switch is open at t=0.
Determine:
a) vAB(t)
b) Power generated by the voltage generator during the transient
c) The energy dissipated by the resistor R2 during the transient

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

R R 48
i t = 0 = E 1 2 =
= 12 A
R
+
R
4
2
1
A
+
L
R 1
E

a)

E R1i L

di
=0
dt

i p = i (t ) = E R1 =

48
= 9 .6 A
5

R
it (t ) = ki exp 1 t = ki e 200t
L

) (

i t = 0 = i t = 0 + 12 = 9.6 + ki
k i = 2.4

u t = 0 = E = 48V

C
2

du
R2 C + u = 0
dt

t
= ku e 250t
u (t ) = ku exp
R2C

) (

u t = 0 = u t = 0 + ku = 48
u (t ) = 48e 250t

i (t ) = 9.6 + 2.4e 200t

v AB (t ) = R1i (t ) u (t ) = 48 + 12e 200t 48e 250t

Electrical Basics Course

b)

p (t ) = Ei (t ) = 460.8 + 115.2e 200t

c) W =

1 2
Cu (t = 0 ) = 230.4mJ
2

Prof. Aldo Canova

Electrical Basics Course

Prof. Aldo Canova

Exercise 5
1

R1

R2

iL(t)
L

vL(t)

The circuit is working under stady-state

conditions.
The energy stored in L is equal to 400 mJ.
At t=0 the switch is moved toward the
position 2.
The parameter are:
E = 24 V L = 50 mH R= 4
a) Evaluate the current iL(t)

R2 = 2*R1

After 50 ms the switch is moved toward the

position 1
b) Evaluate the voltage vL(t) for t>50ms

Results

a)

i (t ) = 3 + e 160t

b)

3
vL = 6e 120 (t 5010 )