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INTRODUCATION
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of having the densely coupled sensor nodes which are easily
fatigued its energy. Since sensor nodes are energy constrained, it needs more energy on every node
directly involving the transmission to sink node. Data aggregation is an important sensitive process that
is receiving increasing attention in wireless sensor networks. By announcing the aggregator, the
collective data are aggregated as many to one form. The key idea of data aggregation is summarizing the
data packets coming from different sensor nodes. The communication cost is mostly large amount of
magnitude higher than the computation cost. Data aggregation is considered an effective technique to
give an optimized communication cost.
A typical data reporting to sink node is performed by aggregator with cooperation of sensor nodes. Since
data reporting is application specific, there are different kind of reporting mechanism as event driven
reporting, reporting by query and periodic reporting [1]. To improve the power efficiency, there are
number of prior work have been proposed. Still it needs better proposal on reducing number of
transmission to sustain its power. In this work, we deliberate on data aggregation protocols. In general,
this kind of protocols designed with two types as structure based and structure free. In Structure based
protocols, there are number of divisions like tree based, cluster based and flat based which produce
better results. Still there is a need of more energy on topology construction. To reduce its maintenance
overhead, this work considers the topology free aggregation. Here sensor nodes are designed with ad hoc
manner which supports dynamic participation of nodes. This ad hoc mannered nodes produce better
aggregation results when compared with structured network.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the related work. Section III describes
the different research directions of data aggregation. Finally, section IV shows the conclusion.
II. RELATED WORKS
Aggregation in sensor networks has attracted a lot of attention in the recent years and introduced unique
challenges compared to traditional data aggregation in wired networks. In this paper, we have described
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