Radioactivity Q

20/02/2016
EthanFrome
HighDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET1
The chart below shows the change in mass number and atomic number of an atom for different types of radioactive
decay.
changeinatomic
changeinmass
number
number
A
1
0
B
2
4
C
0
0
D
+1
0
(a)Writedowntheletterwhichshowshowthemassnumberandatomicnumberchangeforthefollowing:
(i)emissionofanalphaparticle
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)emissionofabetaparticle
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
emission
of
gamma
radiation
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)Completetheequationbelowtoshowthedecayoftoanisotopeofthorium(Th)[2]
whenitemitsanalphaparticle.
http://www.sciwebhop.net/sci_web/physics/gcse/qb/radioactivity_questions.htm
1/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(c)andarebothformsofuranium.
(i)Whatdowecalldifferentformsofthesameelement?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Describehowtheirnucleidifferfromeachother.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
TOTAL/7
A radioactive source is used in a factory to monitor the level of washing powder in cardboard boxes as they move
alongaconveyerbelt.
(a)Abetasourceisused.
Whyisanalphasourceunsuitable?
2/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)Whycouldagammasourcenotbeused?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)ExplainwhathappenwhenthelevelofpowderintheboxreachesX.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[4]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(4)
TOTAL/6
Before Lord Rutherfords alpha particle scattering experiment in 1909, the atom was thought of as something like a
plumpudding.
3/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(a)Describetheplumpuddingmodel.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)Wenowthinkoftheatomashavingapositivelychargednucleussurroundedbynegativelycharged
electrons.BrieflydescribehowRutherfordsexperimentsprovidedtheevidenceforthismodel.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[5]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(5)
(c)Nuclearreactorsmakeuseofaprocesscallednuclearfusion.
Howdoesnuclearfusionresultinareleaseofenergy?
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[4]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(4)
4/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/6
Paulisamedicalphysicist.Heusesaniodine123tracerindiagnosisofthyroidproblems.
5/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
800
700
600
6/33
20/02/2016
500
200

100
EthanFrome
10
40
50
60
Thegraphshowsthedecaycurveforiodine123.
(Continued...)
QUESTIONSHEET4CONTINUED
(a)Explainwhatismeantbythehalflifeofaradioactivesubstance.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)(i)Usingthegraph,writedownthehalflifeofiodine123.
7/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Whatisthecountrateafter24hours?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)(i)If0.08gofiodine123insolutionisinjectedintoapatient,whatisthemaximumamountstill
inthebodyafter39hours?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Whyisitunlikelytoactuallybethismuch?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)(i)Iodine123isagammaemitter.
Anotherisotope,iodine131,withahalflifeof8daysisabetaemitter.
Givetworeasonswhyiodine131isnotsuitableasatracerinthebody.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)Completetheequationforthedecayofiodine131toformxenon(Xe).
................................................................................................................................................................
8/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
TOTAL/9
Thetablebelowshowsalistofradionuclides,theirhalflivesandthetypesofradiationemitted.
radionuclide
Noof
protons
Noof
neutrons
halflife
radiationemitted
54.5s
alpha
15hr
gamma
14days
beta
28yr.
beta
5700yr.
beta&gamma
(a) In the appropriate spaces in the table, write down the numbers of protons and neutrons in each nucleus.
[5](5)
(b)Manyradioactivesubstanceshaveindustrial,andscientificuses.
Choosethemostsuitablesubstancesforthefollowingtasks.
(i)findingtheageofprehistoricremains
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
9/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(ii)tracingleaksinoilpipes
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
TOTAL/7
Asource,whichemitsbetaradiation,isusedinafactorytocontrolthicknessofsheetmetalasitisbeingrolled.
Metalsheet
Source
(a)Nameasuitabledetector.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
10/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(1)
(b)Explainhowthisarrangementcontrolsthemetalthickness.
..................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[5]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(5)
(c)Oneworkersuggeststhatanalphasourcewouldbesafertouse.
Whyisthisnotasensibleidea?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................(1)
TOTAL/7
11/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
Freyaisexcavatingaprehistoricsite.
Shefindshumanbonesinthegroundanddecidestosendthemforcarbondating.
(a)(i)Whichisotopeofcarbonismeasuredincarbondating?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Whyistheelementcarbonchosenastheonetomeasure?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)Thegraphbelowshowsthedecaycurveforradioactivecarbon
12/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
50
40
30
20
10
13/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
5000
10000
15000
Years
20000
(Continued...)
HighDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET7CONTINUED
(i)ThecountrateatAis100countsperminute.
Whattimeperiodwouldasamplehavingthiscountratecomefrom?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)TheanalysisofFreyassamplegaveacountrateof60countsperminute.
Howoldisthesample?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)Ifthesamplewasknowtodatefrom0AD,whatcountratewouldyouexpect?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)Whatisthehalflifeofthiscarbonisotope?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)Freyabelievesthattheremayhavebeencivilizationsintheworldmorethan10000yearsago.
Givetworeasonswhycarbondatingwouldbeunsuitablefortestinganysamplesfromthisperiod.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
14/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(2)
TOTAL/8
Thediagrambelowshowsanucleusofuranium235undergoingnuclearfission.
(a)(i)WhattypeofparticleisA1?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
15/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(ii) Continue the diagram to show what happens when particles A2 and A3 meet more uranium nuclei.
[1](1)
(iii)Whattypeofreactionhasbeenstarted?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)Whatisproducedinnuclearfissionwhichmakesitveryusefulforelectricitygeneration?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)Thediagrambelowshowsanuclearreactor.
(i)Whathappenstotheheatedcoolant?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)Whatisthepurposeofthelayerofconcretearoundthereactor?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)Whatisthepurposeofthecontrolrods?
16/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
TOTAL/8
MediumDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET9
(a)Choosewordsfromthislisttocompletethesentencebelow
electronsmoleculeselementsprotons
neutronscrystalnucleus
Anatomismadeupofatiny.......................whichcontains.................and
.....................Itissurroundedbyacloudof...................[4]
(4)
(b)Explainwhatismeantbyradioactivity.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[4]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(4)
17/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/8
(a)Completethefollowingtable
typeofradiation
composition
alpha
electron
gamma
electricalcharge
positive
[6]
(6)
(b)Radiationcomesfromtheatomicnucleus,whichonlycontainsprotonsandneutrons.
Explainhowbetaradiationarises.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
speed
slow
fast
18/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/9
(a)Radiationcanbedetectedbyphotographicfilm.
Workersintheradiationindustrywearphotographicfilmbadges.
Explainthepurposeofthesebadges.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)(i)Nameadevicecommonlyusedtomeasureradioactivity.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Thedeviceworksbydetectingtheionisationofagasinatube.
Explainthemeaningofthewordionisation.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
..................................................................................................................................................................
19/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(3)
TOTAL/5
AGeigerMullertubeisattachedtoaratemetertomeasuretheactivityofaradioactivesample.
Astudentrecordsthemeasurementsattwominuteintervals.
timeinterval(min)
02
24
46
68
810
countspersecond
87
92
81
84
80
(a)Whydothemeasurementsvary?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
20/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(2)
(b)Calculatetheaveragemeasurementinatwominuteperiod.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)(i)Whenthesourceisremoved,theratemetercontinuestoregisteracount.
Whatistheoriginofthiscount?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Istheaveragemeasurementofthiscountlikelytobehigherorlowerthanthatwiththesourcepresent?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................(1)
21/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/6
Radiationisusedinmedicinetokillcancerouscells.
(a)Whatisthenamewegivetothistreatment?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)Whattypeofradiationisused?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(c)Threeweakbeamsofradiationareused.
Explainwhy?
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[4]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(4)
22/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/6
Sophiefoundaschoolradioactivesourcewithoutalabel.
ShedecidedtomeasureitscountrateunderdifferentconditionsusingaGeigerMullercounter.
Thetableshowsherresults.
setup
countspermin
source+noabsorber
451
source+1mmfoilabsorber
455
source+10mmaluminiumabsorber
18
nosourceorabsorber
15
(a)(i)Whatwasthecountrateduetobackgroundactivity?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Nametwosourcesofbackgroundradiation.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)Whatwasthecountrateduetothesourcealone?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
23/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(1)
(c)Whattypeofradiationdidthesourceemit?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)(i)Sophiethentookfurtherreadingsofcountrate,withoutanabsorber,atregulartimeintervals.
Sheplottedagraphofcountrateagainsttime.
Whatquantitymightshebeabletoreadfromthegraph?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)Whyisitlikelythatshewouldnotactuallybeabletofindthisquantity?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e)GivetwoprecautionsthatSophieshouldtakewhenhandlingradioactivesources.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
TOTAL/10
Membersofthepublicwhodonotworkwithradiationareallowedacertaindoseperyear.
Thetableshowsthepercentageofthatdosethateachmedicalxraygives.
%ofbackground
xraysource
radiationdose
dental
1
chest
5
skull
3
24/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
pelvis
spine
leg
arm
24
40
3
2
(a)(i)Drawabargraphtodisplaythedata.[4]
(4)
(ii)Jackhasachestxray.
Howmanydentalxrayswouldheneedtohavethesamedose?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
25/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)Nametwowaysinwhichradiationcandamagethebody.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)Maryisaradiographerwhoroutinelyworkswithxrays.
Givetwoprecautionsshemusttaketokeepherexposureaslowaspossible.
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
TOTAL/9
Bilaldidanexperimenttomeasurethepenetratingpowerofalpha,betaandgammaradiation.
Thediagramshowsasummaryofhisresults.
(a)(i)Continuethearrowsforeachtypeofradiation.
[1](1)
(ii)Bilalplacedastrongmagnetneareachradiationbeam.
Statewhatwouldhappentoeachradiationbeam.
................................................................................................................................................................
26/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[3]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(3)
(iii)Whydotheresultsdescribedin(ii)happen?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)Onavisittoanuclearresearchlaboratory,Bilalwasshownaroomcontainingalargecobalt60source.
Cobalt60isagammaemitter.
(i)Whatwouldbethebestmaterialforthewallsoftheroom?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)Stateaprecautionwhichshouldbetakenbyworkersatthelaboratorytoreducetheirdoseof
gammaradiation.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
TOTAL/8
LowDemandQuestionsQUESTIONSHEET17
27/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(a)Writedowntwowaysinwhichradioactivityisharmfultohumans.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)Asourceofradiationisoutsideapersonsbody.
Whichtypeofradiationisleastdangeroustotheperson?
(Giveareasonforyouranswer)
Typeofradiation
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
Reason
(one
line)
(1)
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(c)Describehowradioactivitycanbeusedtosterilisemedicalequipment.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
28/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
TOTAL/6
Nuclearpowerstationsgenerateelectricity
(a)Nameafuelthatisusedinanuclearpowerstation.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)WhentheRussiannuclearpowerstationatChernobylsuffereddamagesomeyearsago,there
wasaleakageofradiationintotheenvironment.
PeopleintheUKwereadvisednottodrinkmilk.
(i)CompletetheflowcharttoshowhowtheradiationcouldhavegotintoUKmilk.
Choosephrasesfromthelistbelow.[3]
cowshavecalvesblowntoUKleaksintosea
settlesongrasscowsproducemilk
(3)
(ii)StatetwootherpossibleharmfuleffectsoftheradiationfromChernobyl.
29/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii)WhyhastheareaaroundtheChernobylpowerstationbeenclearedforaverylongtime?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
TOTAL/7
Stephen is moving house. He would like to live in an area with low background radiation.. He looked at a table
showingtheaverageradiationlevelsfromradongasinairindifferentareasofthecountry.
Thetableisshownbelow.
unitsofradiationdose
area
peryear
Cornwall
60
Sussex
15
Derbyshire
65
ScottishHighlands
36
NorthYorkshire
9
(a)(i)Displaythedatainabarchart.[3]
(3)
30/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
(ii)Wherewouldheobtainthelowestdose?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)Whyisradongaspresentinair?
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)StephenhadaholidayintheUnitedStates.Hisreturnflightgavehimaradiationdoseof6units.
HowmanyreturnflightswouldhehavetomaketoreceivetheequivalentoflivinginCornwallforayear?
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
TOTAL/7
Thereisradiationallaroundus.Someisartificial,butthegreaterproportionisnatural.
(a)(i)Givetwosourcesofnaturalradiation.
................................................................................................................................................................
31/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)Giveonesourceofartificialradiation.
............................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b)Nuclearreactorsprovideonlyasmallamountoftheenergyusedinthiscountry,yetmanypeople
areworriedaboutthem.
(i)Givetwoargumentsagainstthesettingupofmorenuclearpowerplants.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)Givetwoargumentsinfavourofsettingupmorenuclearpowerplants.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)Whattwoimportantusesdoradioactiveisotopeshaveinmedicine?
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
32/33
20/02/2016
EthanFrome
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................[2]
..................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
TOTAL/9
33/33

Radioactivity Q

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Radioactivity Q

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

20/02/2016

You might also like