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Design

Guidev1.2
A REVOLUTIONARY
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM FOR
MID AND HIGH-RISE
RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION.

www.girder-slab.com

COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM

A revolutionary steel-based
framing system that offers
low floor-to-floor height and
unobstructed ceilings.

eveloped by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC, the


Girder-Slab System is a steel and precast
hybrid, the first to use precast slabs with an
integral steel girder to form a monolithic structural
slab assembly.
This innovative technology uses proven materials
long available within the construction industry. The
Girder-Slab System is slated for use in mid to
high-rise residential construction.
The lightweight assembly develops composite action
enabling it to support residential live loads.
A special steel beam is used as an interior girder
supporting the precast slab on its bottom flange. The
web and top flange are concealed within the plane of the
slab. The flat structural slab permits minimum and
variable floor-to-floor heights.
The Girder-Slab System is rated for use in high-rise
buildings when constructed in accordance with
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling Design K912.

GROUT

COLUMN

D-BEAM
GIRDER
PRECAST SLAB

The Girder-Slab System in combination with a


structural steel frame offers a complete steel and
concrete superstructure. Unlike cast-in-place
concrete structures, the Girder-Slab System is
Assembled-In-Place.
The Girder-Slab System consists of an interior
girder (known as an open-web dissymmetric beam or
D-Beam), and prestressed hollow-core slabs, connected by cementitious grout.
Applications include floor and roof slabs, which are
supported by a steel frame that resists all gravity and
lateral loads. WF beams are typically used at spandrel,
shaft and other conditions.
Grouting is easily achieved after slabs are set in
place. Grout flows through the web openings and into the
slab cores and after curing develops composite action.

The Girder-Slab System and the open web D-Beam


technology are the result of more than ten years of
research and development. In order to develop a
rational analysis that would maximize the use of this
technology, extensive laboratory testing and analysis
was undertaken.
This included both small-scale specimens and
full-scale assemblies in order to simulate actual bays.
Each assembly was load tested in excess of 100 psf,
well above required residential design loads. The DBeam Girder performed without failure.
There are two basic D-Beam Girder sections
available for use with 8 precast slabs. The DB-8 is
used for typical assemblies while the DB-9 is used for
2 concrete topped assemblies.

As a result of extensive testing it was determined


that the transformed section is equivalent to the
steel section illustrated below.

Refer to the D-Beam Girder Properties table on the following pages along with Girder-Slab System example
calculations. Following is a specification guide along with suggested structural and architectural details.

d-beam reference calculator is available on


website, technical bulletin

D-BEAM DIMENSIONS Table

Web Included
Designation
Weight

AVG AREA

lb./ft.
34.7
36.7
39.8
41.8
40.7
45.8

In. 2
10.2
10.8
11.7
12.3
11.9
13.4

DB 8 x 35
DB 8 x 37
DB 8 x 40
DB 8 x 42
DB 9 x 41
DB 9 x 46

Web

Thickness
tw

In.
8
8
8
8
9.645
9.645

In.
.340
.345
.340
.345
.375
.375

Parent Beam
Size

In.
In.
3
4
W10 x 49
5
W12 x 53
2
W10 x 49 3
3.5
W12 x 53 1
5.5
W14 x 61 3.375 5.25
W14 x 61 2.375 5.75

Design Example - Untopped

Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf


Plank fc = 5 ksi, Grout fc = 4 ksi
8 Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft
DB Span = 15-0

Allowable LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in

DL

= (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 49 kft OK
(5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf ) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3 /ft3)
=
= 0.64 in.
(384) (103 in4 ) (29,000 k/in2)

Total Load - Composite


The transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15ft)2/8 = 47.3kft
MTL
= 47.3 kft + 47.3 kft = 94.6 kft
SREQ = (94.6 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 37.8 in3 < 63.8 in3 OK
(5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3)
SUP =
= 0.23 in < 0.50 in OK
(384) (282 in4) (29,000 k/in2)
Check Superimposed Compressive Stress on Concrete
Transformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
E steel
29,000 ksi
29,000 ksi
.
N value =
=
=
= 8.04 . . Stc =8.04 (63.8 in3) = 513 in3
E concrete
57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2
3,605 ksi
fc = (47.3 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (513 in3) = 1.11 ksi

Fc = (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.11 ksi

Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)


(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft)
+
= 15.2 ksi + 8.4 ksi = 23.6 ksi
3
37.3 in
67.7 in3
Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 23.6 ksi OK
fb =

Check Shear
Total load = (60+20+40 psf)) = 120 psf
w = (0.12 ksf) (28 ft) = 3.36 k/ft
R = (3.36 k/ft) (15 ft) /2 = 25.2 k

In. x In.
3x1
3x1
3 x 1.5
3 x 1.5
3x1
3 x 1.5

DB 8 x 37 Properties:
Steel Section
Transformed Section
Is = 103 in4
It = 282 in4
St =19.7 in3
St = 63.8 in3
3
Sb = 37.3 in
Sb = 67.7 in3
Mscap = 49.0kft
b = 5 in
tw = 0.345 in

Initial Load - Precomposite


MDL

Top Bar
wxt

Live load reduction is not incorporated in these examples due to


code differences. The Design Engineer should incorporate the
appropriate live load reduction for the most economical design.

sample system calculations

Depth

fv = (25.2k)/(0.345 in)(5 in) = 14.6 ksi


Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 14.6 ksi OK

OK

D-BEAM Properties Table


Transformed Section
Web Ignored

Steel Only
Web Ignored
Designation

Ix

C bot

C top

S bot

S top

Allowable
Moment

DB 8 x 35
DB 8 x 37
DB 8 x 40
DB 8 x 42
DB 9 x 41
DB 9 x 46

In. 4
102
103
122
123
159
195

In.
2.80
2.76
3.39
3.35
3.12
3.84

In.
5.20
5.24
4.61
4.65
6.51
5.79

In. 3
36.5
37.3
36.1
36.9
51.0
50.8

In. 3
19.7
19.7
26.5
26.5
24.4
33.7

kft
49
49
66
66
61
84

Fy=50 KSI
f b = 0.6Fy

Ix

C bot

C top

S bot

S top

In. 4
279
282
289
291
332
356

In.
4.16
4.16
4.26
4.26
4.27
4.43

In.
4.40
4.42
4.30
4.32
5.35
5.20

In. 3
67.1
67.7
67.9
68.4
77.7
80.6

In. 3
63.5
63.8
67.2
67.5
62.1
68.6

Design Example - 2 Concrete Topping

Plank DL = 60 psf, partition load = 20 psf, live load = 40 psf


Topping = 25 psf, installed after grout has cured
Plank fc = 5 ksi, Grout fc = 4 ksi
8 Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 ft
DB span = 15-0

Allowable LL = L/360 = (15 ft)(12 in/ft)/360 = 0.50 in

DB 9 x 41 Properties:
Steel Section
Transformed Section
Is = 159 in4
It = 332 in4
St = 24.4 in3
St = 62.1 in3
Sb = 51.0
Sb = 77.7 in3
Mscap = 61.0 kft b = 5.25 in
tw = 0.375 in

Initial Load - Precomposite


MDL

DL

(28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 47.3 kft < 61 kft OK
(5) (28 ft) (.06 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3 )
= 0.42 in
(384) (159 in4) (29,000 k/in2)

Total Load - Composite


The transformed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate deflection.
MSUP = (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft)2/8 = 66.9 kft
MTL = 47.3 kft + 66.9 kft = 114.2 kft
SREQ = (114.2 kft) (12 in/ft) / (0.60) (50 k/in2) = 45.7 in3 < 62.1 in3 OK
(5) (28 ft) (.02 + .04 + 0.025 ksf) (15 ft)4 (1728 in3/ft3)
= 0.28 in < 0.50 in
SUP =
(384) (332 in4) (29,000 k/in2)
Check Compressive Stress on Concrete
Transformed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
E steel
29,000 ksi
29,000 ksi
N value =
=
=
= 8.04
1/2
E concrete
57,000 (4,000 psi)
3,605 ksi
fc = (66.9 kft ) (12 in/ft) / (499 in3) = 1.61 ksi

OK

.
. . Stc = 8.04 (62.1 in3) = 499 in3

Fc= (0.45) (4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.61 ksi

OK

Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)


fb =

(47.3 kft) (12 in/ft) (66.9 kft) (12 in/ft)


+
= 11.1 ksi + 10.3 ksi = 21.4 ksi
77.7 in3
51.0 in3

Fb = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 21.4 ksi

OK

Check Shear
Total load = (60 + 20 + 40 + 25 psf) = 145 psf
w = (0.145 ksf) (28 ft) = 4.06 k/ft
R = (4.06 k/ft) (15 ft)/2 = 30.5 k

fv = (30.50k)/(0.375 in)(5.25 in) = 15.5 ksi


Fv = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 15.5 ksi
OK

For the first time ever, a new


steel and PRECAST concrete
FRAMING system that gives you
low floor-to-floor height.

Allows faster access for the work of


other trades. Coring of slabs for utilities
is easier and permits final adjustment.

The grouting process is easily performed with a few


tradesmen. The cement grout is liquefied and pumped
through a hose. Workers puddle the grout in order to
fill in the voids and slab cores.

Unlike cast-in-place
concrete structures, the
Girder-Slab System is
Assembled-In-Place.

The underside of slab is


ready made for ceiling finish.

The innovative D-Beam Girder was designed to allow the


precast slab to set on its bottom flange concealing its top
flange and web. No formwork or shoring is needed.
The underside of slab is free of support
beams providing a flat surface for ducts and
piping systems. Minimum ceiling heights of
8-0 are easily attained.

Girder-Slab SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

Girder-Slab SYSTEM APPLICATION

This Assembled-In-Place technology is the first ever to use


precast slabs with an integral steel girder to form a monolithic structural slab assembly. The Girder-Slab System consists of an interior girder (known as an open-web dissymmetric beam or D-Beam) supporting precast
prestressed hollow core slabs on its bottom flange. Upon
grouting, the Girder-Slab System develops composite action
enabling it to support residential live loads. Grouting is
easily achieved after slabs are set in place. The Girder-Slab
System affords users advantages never before available
with cast-in-place concrete superstructures. It is lightweight
and offers rapid construction and assembly.

The Girder-Slab System in combination with a structural steel


frame offers a complete steel and concrete superstructure.
It is slated for use in mid to high-rise residential structures such
as hotels, apartments and condominiums. There are two basic
D-Beam Girder sections available for use with an 8 thick
precast slab. The DB-8 provides an 8 thick slab
assembly, while the DB-9 is designed for use with 2
concrete topping resulting in a 10 thick slab. Precast slabs
generally span as long as 28-0. The Girder-Slab System is
rated for use in high-rise buildings when constructed in
accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling
Design K912. The Girder-Slab System greatly improves
construction operations and the ability to meet critical deadlines.

After grouting, the slab is complete


and ready for use. Finish floor
preparation work can take place
before or after interior walls.

A sample D-Beam Girder used for testing is fully


encapsulated by hardened grout.

Precast slabs can be set in place


in nearly any climate condition
including freezing temperatures.

After slabs are set, grout is easily placed


flowing around the D-Beam and through its
trapezoidal shape web openings and into
the slab cores.

Precast slabs readily drop in place. The D-Beam Girder


self centers each slab.

GROUT

COLUMN

D-BEAM
GIRDER
PRECAST SLAB

The Girder-Slab System was used in this seven story student


housing project for a prestigious Philadelphia university.

GIRDER-SLAB SYSTEM AVAILABILITY

Girder-Slab SYSTEM BENEFITS

The application and use of the Girder-Slab System technology


requires design by a registered professional engineer or
architect. This Design-Guide provides all required engineering
information and is available for use by industry professionals.
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girder are
distributed and assembled solely by steel contractors
authorized by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC of NJ, the
exclusive Distributor Representative in North America.
Contact your preferred steel contractors for budgeting,
proposals and system availability.

Low floor-to-floor heights, minimize building height


Super-fast structure and building completion
Reduced building structure weight
Floor plan design flexibility
Limited weather impact (including cold climates)
Structure assembly is one process, one source
Integrates well with mixed use spaces below
Meets AISC tolerance standards
Meets fire code ratings using UL K912
Meets required sound (STC) ratings
Limited on-site labor
Reduced on-site overhead costs
Eliminates/reduces soffits
Factory made quality components
7

GIRDER-SLAB SYSTEM
SPECIFICATION GUIDE

1. The open web Dissymmetric Beam shall be fabricated from (ASTM


A992/A572 Grade 50) standard steel wide flange sections with flat bar
at top-flange and shall meet AISC standards (except for depth, tolerance 1/8), unpainted unless specified. The open web Dissymmetric
Beam can be specified to include camber. Cambering can be built in
during assembly of the girder.
2. If the structural engineer of record determines that shoring of the
pre-composite assembly is needed, leave in place until grout
attains required strength.
3. Precast prestressed concrete hollow core slab units (min. 5000 PSI)
shall be in 4 or 8 foot widths and shall meet PCI standards and
tolerances, 2 min. bearing unless specified otherwise. Open the top of
each slab core for proper grout placement and inspection.
4. Reinforcing steel (ASTM A615 Grade 60) shall be placed through
the Dissymmetric Beam web openings and into slab cores.
5. Cementitious grout (min. 4,000 PSI) shall be placed monolithically
around and through the Dissymmetric Beam web openings and into
slab cores filled solid for a minimum of 8, level to the slab surface with
9/16 min. average thickness over the top-flange (exceptions may
apply if using concrete topping). When concrete topping is used, attain
specified strength of grout prior to placement.
6. The Girder-Slab System shall be constructed in accordance with
Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Floor-Ceiling Assembly Design No.
K912 in order to meet fire classification standards and ratings set forth
by BOCA and ICC codes.
7. The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girders shall be distributed
and assembled by steel contractors authorized by Girder-Slab
Technologies LLC of NJ in conformance with its Design-Guide &
Distribution requirements. Steel Contractor/ Distributor contact
information: 1-888-478-1100 or www.girder-slab.com.
8. The Distributor of the Girder-Slab System shall provide to the
Project Owner (or its representative) a Girder-Slab Compliance
Certificate for each project upon completion of system assembly and
construction.

The Girder-Slab System Design-Guide and the


patented technology is available for use by
industry professionals. Application and use of
this information requires design by a registered
professional engineer or architect.
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam
Girder are available competitively from your
preferred steel contractors.
Fabrication, construction and assembly
shall be in conformance with the Design-Guide
specifications & details, and distribution
requirements of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC
of New Jersey.

FIRE RESISTANCE INFORMATION


Fire Resistance Ratings ANSI/UL 263
Design No. K912
April 19, 2001
Restrained Assembly Ratings 3 Hr
Unrestrained Assembly Ratings 2 Hr
Unrestrained Beam Ratings 2 Hr
Includes gypsum board
and spray-applied methods.

9. Comply with all applicable provisions of the following standards


and codes:

Girder-Slab Technologies LLC Design-Guide


American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
American Welding Society (AWS)
Precast Concrete Institute (PCI)
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) Fire Resistance Directory
Building Officials and Code Administrators International Inc.
(BOCA) National Building Code
International Code Council Inc. (ICC) International Building Code
Other applicable codes and standards

The D-Beam fabrication


process begins with a WF
section, uniquely cut to
produce two D-Beam Girders
without waste.

TYPICAL SYSTEM STRUCTURAL DETAILS

CHECK PCI
BLOCKOUT
TOLLERANCE

S1

CAD Details are Available.

Check website for Technical Bulletins and CAQ.

S3

S2
9

NOTE:
DB9 TOP FLANGE WILL
BE ABOVE THE SLAB.

S4

S6
10

S5

Check website for Project Solutions

S7

S8

S9

TYPICAL SECTION: 8 PRECAST SLAB


AT ELEVATOR DOOR SILL

Check website for Technical Bulletins

S10

S11
11

ALTERNATIVE D-BEAM CONNECTION TO WF COLUMN


ENG. NOTE:
CHECK WEBSITE TECHNICAL
BULLETINS CAQ ON
CONNECTION DESIGN

S12

S13
12

S14

TYPICAL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

A2

A1

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

The partition and rated protection details are provided for illustration
purposes only and not intended for actual use. Girder-Slab Technologies, LLC
is not responsible for design, means, or methods associated with this detail.

A3

A4
13

BXUV.K912
Fire Resistance Ratings - ANSI/UL 263
Design No. K912
April 15, 2003
Restrained Assembly Ratings-3 Hr (See Item 2)
Unrestrained Assembly Ratings-2 Hr
Unrestrained Beam Ratings-2 Hr

2. Concrete Topping (Optional for unrestrained


rating) 3000 psi compressive strength, 150 (+or-) 3
pcf unit weight. Normal weight concrete. Min 1-1/8 in.
thickness required for 3 hr Restrained Assembly Rating.
3. Precast Concrete Units* Carbonate, siliceous
or lightweight aggregate. Min 8 in. thick by 4 or 8 ft wide
units with cross section similar to that shown for Design
No. J952. Openings may be provided through the units
for piping, ducts or similar services and should be suitably enclosed with constructions having at least equal
resistance, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
Units have a min 1-1/2 in. bearing on the bottom flange
of Item 1.
4. Grout Sand-cement grout (3500 psi min compressive strength). Min avg thickness of 9/16 in. above
top bar. Hollow cores in precast concrete units grouted
6 in. min from beam web.
5. Runner Channel Fabricated from 25 MSG galv
steel, min 1/2 in. deep, with 1 in. legs, fastened to steel
beam with XZF powder actuated pins spaced 12 in. OC.
6. Gypsum Board* 1/2 or 5/8 in. thick gypsum
board fastened to runner channels with 1 in. long, 0.150
in. diam steel screws spaced 16 in. OC.
7. Corner Bead Fabricated from min 28 MSG galv
steel to form an angle with 1-1/4 in. legs. Legs perforated with 1/4 in. diam holes approximately 1 in. OC.
Attached to runner channel through gypsum board with
1 in. long, 0.150 in. diam steel screws spaced 16 in. OC.
8. Joint Compound (Not shown) 1/32 in. thick on
bottom and sides of wallboard from corner beads and
feathered out. Paper tape embedded in joint compound
over joints with edges of compound feathered out.

1. Steel Beam Composite dissymmetric steel beam


fabricated from structural steel members in accordance
with the Specification for the Design, Fabrication and
Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings, published by
the American Institute of Steel Construction. The steel
beam, with an open web, has a 34.7 lb/ft min weight.
The beam consists of the bottom flange and partial web
of a min. W10(x)49 with a bar welded to the web that
serves as the top flange. Top bar min dimensions of 1x3
in., a min overall beam depth of 8 in. and a min avg
cross-section are of 10.2 in2.

14

9. Spray-Applied Fire Resistive Material* As an


alternate to Items 5 through 8, the bottom flange of the
steel beam may be protected with a spray applied fire
resistive material. Applied in one coat to a final
untamped thickness of 3/8 in. to steel surfaces which
are free of dirt, oil or scale. Min avg untamped density of
13 pcf with min ind untamped density of 11 pcf for Types
II and D-C/F. Min avg and min ind untamped densities of
22 and 19 pcf, respectively, for Type HP. For Type I, min
avg density of 15 pcf with min ind value of 12 pcf.
UL assembly listing as shown is provided
for convenience only, refer to appropriate
UL publication for Design No. K19.

DBEAM
BOTTOM
FLANGE
(SEE SECTIONS
A1, A2, A3, A4)

interior examples

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TEXTURED
PAINT

8'0"
VARIABLE

GWB
2HR
F.R.

SUSPENDED
CEILING

HVAC

8" HCS

Design Guidev1.2

Marriott Fairfield Inn & Suites, Newark, NJ.

For more examples of completed and under-construction


projects, consult the web site at www.girder-slab.com.
Drexel University student housing, Philadelphia, PA.

COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM

GIRDER-SLAB
TECHNOLOGIES,LLC

856 424 7880 Tel


888 478 1100 Toll Free
856 424 6880 Fax
www.girder-slab.com
West Chester University

Lawrenceville Appartments at Princeton University


Girder-Slab and D-Beam are trademarks of Girder-Slab Technologies LLC. The Girder-Slab System
and D-Beam Girder are protected under United States Patents with International Patents pending.
COPYRIGHT 2005 GIRDER-SLAB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC

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