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A virtual data center deployment model based on the

green cloud computing


Lijun Xu1,2 Chunlin Li1 Layuan Li3

Yanpei Liu1 Zhiyong Yang1 Yunchang Liu1

School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
2
School of Computer and Information Engineering,Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
3
Wuhan Bioengineering Institute, Wuhan, China
E-mail:xljkeyan@126.com

AbstractEnergy consumption is the main obstacle to the


green cloud computing, particularly with the global climate
warming and data center scale expanding. The green computing
is gaining more and more attention because energy consumption
increased rapidly. We propose a cloud computing management
framework in order to ensure energy consumption of cloud
computing to be a minimum. The framework uses virtual date
center instead of virtual machine service mode of traditional
service providers, and partition the virtual data center used in
the management framework is based on the network
communications of virtual machines. Then the virtual data
center partition is placed into corresponding green data center in
order to maximize revenue of providers and minimize the carbon
emissions.
Key wordsgreen computing; cloud computing; Virtual Data
Center; Energy Efficiency

I.

INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is the current popular new technology.


With large data storage capacity, fast growth of the rapid
development of emerging applications, system maintenance
costs significantly higher than the hardware update and
business value has increased. In order to solve such problem,
Google, Amazon and other companies in 2006 put forward the
idea of "cloud computing". Subsequently, cloud computing
technology is emerging which is adopted by major IT giants.
All the IT companies have agreed that the computer
virtualization technology is the development trend of cloud
computing and it has bright business prospects. The father of
the grid, America senior scientist professor LanFoster[1]
thinks "cloud computing is dragging economies of scale for
external users on the Internet to provide a set of abstract,
virtualization, dynamic scalable, manageable computing
resources, storage capacity, a kind of large-scale distributed
computing platform and services polymers". U.S. National
Institute of Standards and Technology currently gives a more
comprehensive definition of cloud computing[2] Cloud
computing is capable of a convenient, on-demand, and the way
of network, access to a shared pool of computer resources that
can be configured (including network, servers, storage,
applications and services, etc.), and the shared resource pool
can be minimized by administrative overhead or minimize
interaction with the provider, you can quickly configure,
provide or release resources. Such a cloud computing model

978-1-4799-4860-4/14/$31.00 copyright 2014 IEEE


ICIS 2014, June 4-6, 2014, Taiyuan, China

not only enhance the utilization of resources, but also has five
basic characteristics: on-demand self-service, ubiquitous
network access, rapid elasticity capacity, measured service,
shared resource pool; Three kinds of delivery: software as a
service SaaS (Software as aService) - provides software to
Internet users through a browser mode, Platform as a Service
PaaS (Platform as aService) - the development environment as
a service to users, Infrastructure as a Service IaaS
(Infrastructure as aService) - The supplier of infrastructure as a
service to users; Four kinds of deployment models: private
cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud.
In recent years, domestic and foreign Internet companies
have built their own data centers to provide a variety of cloud
storage or computing services. Along with the expansion of the
data center, the consumption of energy and emissions of
greenhouse gases is also increasingly prominent. According to
statistics[3, 4] , Energy consumption of data center has become
a maximum cost for operation and maintenance. Energy issues
become increasingly prominent in a serious impediment to the
development and popularity of cloud computing technology.
This contradiction led to the development direction and the
fulcrum of the IT industry technology. Many businesses realize
that the energy-saving technologies of data center have many
advantages: First, reducing carbon emissions, environmentally
friendly. Second, cutting energy costs, and achieving good
economic results. Third, getting rid of excessive dependence
on cooling facilities, which will help maintain the stability of
the system. Therefore, many manufacturers are actively
research green energy-saving technology, in order to quickly
grab the commanding heights in the field of energy saving
technology to extract the maximization of self-interest.
In order to realize the green cloud computing and realize
the sustainable development of cloud computing, cloud
computing environments need to determine the overall
situation of energy consumption. More importantly, you need
to understand how to minimize the energy consumption of the
data center, efficiently realizing the balance between energy
and performance. And these problems are currently very few
research cloud computing efficiency[5-7]. This paper proposes
a virtual data center management framework with a purpose of
reducing carbon emissions to increase the profits of cloud
computing infrastructure suppliers and optimize infrastructure
providers external environment.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows: In Section 2,


we present works relevant to ours. We then describe the
proposed management framework in Section 3. In section 4,
we provide a VDC placement mathematical model. Section 5
we conclude the paper and present future works.
II.

RELATED WORK

Aiming at some of the limitations of the data center virtual


machine. Recent research proposals have advocated to offer
Virtual Data Center (VDC) instead of VMs[8]. SecondNet is a
data center network virtualization architecture that defines a
virtual data center as an abstraction for resource allocation in
data center environments. Guo et al[9] proposed a data center
network virtualization architecture called SecondNet that
incorporates a greedy algorithm to allocate resources to VDCs.
The VDC embedding problem also shares many similarities
with traditional virtual network(VN) embedding[10].
Houidietal[11] proposed a centralized approach where the SP
first splits the request using Max-FlowMin-Cut based on prices
offered by different InPs and then decides where to place the
partitions. Similar to virtualization of wide area networks[12],
two main entities cooperate with each other in virtualized data
center networks : infrastructure providers (InPs), which owns
the physical data center, and service providers (SPs), which in
turn run applications on virtual data centers (VDC) built on the
top of the physical substrate. VN embedding models differs
from VDC embedding in that they only consider CPU and
network resources, whereas in VDC embedding other
resources such as memory and disk also need to be
considered[13]. Amokraneetal[14] first divides a VDC request
into partitions so that the inter-partition bandwidth demand is
minimized and the intra-partition bandwidth is maximized.
The aim of such partitioning is to embed VMs exchanging
high volumes of data in the same data center.
III.

VIRTUAL DATA CENTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Workloads in the cloud computing environment is dynamic


and continuously changing. In addition, the foundation of
cloud services provider data center will also works along with
the equipment, electricity, environmental factors such as
climate, and change constantly in order to reduce human
interaction, which needs automatic cloud management
technology. This paper proposes a virtual data center automatic
management framework which is shown in figure 1, mainly
considering how to make use of a cloud infrastructure service
providers distribution in different parts of the multiple data
centers to earn more profit, to reduce operating costs and to
reduce carbon emissions, so as to build a friendly external
environment. Cloud infrastructure service providers provide
services through distribution in different location of data
centers, and each data center can use a kind of renewable
energy (wind, solar, etc.). Of course, data centers have to be
able to use the power grid electricity, because the weather or
other causes of renewable energy can not be used when the
data center can use the dynamic power operating normally.
However, the use of data center power electricity will generate
carbon emissions, improve data center operating costs, and
improve unfavorable external environment.

When cloud infrastructure service providers provide virtual


data center services, the distribution in different location data
center resources are used up. The goal is to maximize revenue.
To this end, we work hard to reduce the link between the
virtual machine, reduce the network energy consumption and
ensure the quality of service. We put the virtual data center
according to the network communication situation split into
multiple partitions. Then partition will be deployed into the
center of each physical data, a partition must complete
deployment to a physical data center.
In this paper the framework of a global monitoring
management module periodically receive local data center
monitoring module which is sent to the resource usage and
Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE), electricity, climate,
renewable energy utilization, network usage and deployment
failures. And then it sends the information to the virtual data
center partition module. In each global cycle, virtual data
center partition module, by using the method of simulation
analysis of each virtual data center partition the usage of the
current and historical data to predict the future, and build a
virtual partition data center deployment model. According to
the result of prediction and judgment and a multi-objective
optimization algorithm to obtain the global optimal solution of
the virtual data center deployment, Combining virtual partition
data center deployment situation formulate corresponding
deployment strategy. Based on the deployment strategy, virtual
data center deployment module set partitioning deployment to
the physical data center configuration scheme and according to
the deployment plan implementation deployment of virtual
data center partition.
Each physical data center has a local controller. on the one
hand, it constantly collects some information to the local
center controller, such as Resource utilization, Power Usage
Effectiveness (PUE), electricity, climate, utilization of
renewable energy, and network usage sending a message to the
center controller. On the other hand, it also accepts information
from the deployment of the central controller, and then it put
the virtual data center deployment to the data center. If the
local physical data center cannot satisfy the virtual data center
deployment problem such as power, resources, the local
controller also has to send center controller deployment failure
information, and the Center controller will choose other
physical data center, and deploy partition of virtual data
center.
IV.

THE PARTITION DEPLOYMENT MODEL OF VIRTUAL DATA


CENTER

We assume that in a short period of time the state of the


data center is stable, and the test parameters in the process of
the whole place is constant, no longer considering time factor
in the problem description below. We placed the virtual data
center partition problem described as an integer linear
programming problem. When there is a virtual data center
need, the cloud infrastructure service providers place your
demand in the distribution of the data center to maximize the
profits.

max R C N (1)

In equation 1, R said revenue,


C said data center placement fees, N said the cost of virtual
connection network place. We define the infrastructure service
supplier to graph GVE, Graph with n vertices V
represents the data center, while E represents a physical
connection to the network, and the edge weights are expressed
bandwidth and network latency. A virtual data center is
defined as graph G (V , E ) , For any vertex v corresponds to
a virtual machine (Includes cpu, memory and hard drive

capacity and other information), For any e E said virtual


connection between virtual machines, B (e) indicates the

required bandwidth for the virtual connection, D (e)


represents a delay tolerance of the virtual connection. Each
virtual data center revenues are associated with it to get the
cpu, memory, disk and bandwidth related(Represented by a
resource r ) Is:

Fig.1. Virtual data center management framework

R=

O r (v ) r +

vV x r =1

Here

B(e)

In equation 3, xe, e value is equal to 1 indicates a virtual

eE x

O r (v) represents a certain amount of resources to

the virtual machine , represents an prices of such


resources, represents the price per unit bandwidth. To
ensure that the formula (2) the maximum value, We still have
to restrain condition:

connection e E used the network connection e E ,


otherwise the value is equal to zero, SB (e) is the remaining
bandwidth network connection.

yki (0,1), yki = 1, k V x , i V

vV

In equation 3, yk is equal to 1 indicates that the virtual


machine of virtual data center is placed data center
otherwise it is equal to 0.

xe,e (0,1), xe,e B(e) SB(e), e E


eE

i,

eE

e , e

D(e) D(e), e E

The delay of the network connection shall meet the


requirements of virtual connection network latency. Virtual
data center is divided into multiple partitions by Center
controller. Each partition is placed into data centre i, denoted
by Gi (Vi , Ei) , among them

Vi = k V yki = 1 ,

Ei = e E B (e) Vi and D(e) Vi

(6)

Next, we use the energy consumption and carbon


emissions to place consumption calculation, by C

represented. We first calculate the virtual partition

Gi placed

in the data center i consumption, denoted by Pi .

Pi = Pi, g + Pi, p

(7)

Pi, g represents use of local renewable energy


power, Pi , p represents the power grid is used, and Pi , g
Wherein

currently have less than the rest of the data center i for
renewable energy electricity, using the U.S. dollar as the cost
of placing the partition units.

Ci = Pi, g i + Pi, p ( i + i ) 8
Wherein i represents the use of renewable energy
upfront investment, maintenance and management costs prices.
i represents the purchase price of electricity power, in units
of ($/kWh) , i represents the price of treated carbon
emissions, the unit ($ / kWh). the entire virtual data center
Placement fee:

C = Ci

energy problem has become on with the data center operations


and maintenance, which seriously hinders the development of
cloud computing technology. On the other hand, cloud
computing infrastructure service providers rarely consider the
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in order to
strive for more profits. In this paper, from the perspective of
virtual data center, through the establishment of the virtual
data center management framework, the virtual data center
based on network communication is divided into several
partitions. On the analysis of the data center energy
consumption and renewable energy use, we try to place the
partition to the relatively green data center, and achieve the
infrastructure service providers benefit maximization and
reducing carbon emissions by a balance, and making the
infrastructure service providers have a green external
environment.
In future work, we plan to design an algorithm to divide the
virtual data center into a better partition, making the
infrastructure service provider to maximize interests, reducing
carbon emissions, and providing a green space. In addition, in
the real cloud computing environment, there are lots of factors
affecting the energy consumption and carbon emissions. So
more precise management of cloud computing model is one of
our future research work.

iV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Virtual connection network placement fees:

N =

eE eE

Among them,

e ,e

B(e) n p

(9)

n p represents the cost of per unit of

consumption of the network.


Cloud computing infrastructure services provider of
income can be represented as in the end:
m

I = ( O r (v ) r +
vV x r =1

B(e) )

eE x

( Pi , g i + Pi, p ( i + i )) ( xe ,e B (e) n p )

The work is supported by the National Natural Science


Foundation (NSF) under grants (No.61171075), Special Fund
for Fast Sharing of Science Paper in Net Era by
CSTD (FSSP) No.2013014311021 Specialized Research
Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under
Grant No.20120143110014, Program for the High-end Talents
of Hubei Province, and the Open Fund of the State Key
Laboratory of Software Development Environment
(SKLSDE-2013KF),Natural Science Foundation of Hubei
Province (No: 2011CDB297) and Teaching Research Project
of Hubei Province (No: (2011)32). Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the above agencies.

eE eE

iV

We have found that the above formula to maximize


income, and infrastructure service providers will be reasonable
partition of the virtual data center, and will be placed into the
appropriate data center. We can put this virtual data center
partition placement problem as a packing problem, namely, to
find the optimal partition the virtual data center to data center
solutions, so that each virtual machine data center resources
used does not exceed the data center ceiling, and it is ensured
to use the renewable energy as much as possible, which will
make it possible to optimize the external environment.
V.

CONCLUSIONS

With the continuous application of cloud computing in


business, many IT manufacturers at home and abroad have set
up distribution in different location of data centers to provide
users with a variety of cloud computing and cloud storage
service. On the one hand, with the extension of data center,

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