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ALSAYBAR, MARIA FHEBIE KATE B.

AR206 PSYCH
I.

Mental Retardation
Sub average intellectual ability equivalent to or less than an IQ of 70 that is
accompanied by significant deficits in abilities (as in communication or selfcare) necessary for independent daily functioning, is usually present from birth
or infancy, and is manifested especially by delayed or abnormal development,
by learning difficulties, and by problems in social adjustment.

A. Mild mental retardation


Approximately 85% of the mentally retarded population is in the mildly retarded
category. Their IQ score ranges from 50-75, and they can often acquire academic
skills up to the 6th grade level. They can become fairly self-sufficient and in some
cases live independently, with community and social support.
B. Moderate mental retardation
About 10% of the mentally retarded population is considered moderately retarded.
Moderately retarded individuals have IQ scores ranging from 35-55. They can carry
out work and self-care tasks with moderate supervision. They typically acquire
communication skills in childhood and are able to live and function successfully
within the community in a supervised environment such as a group home.
C. Severe mental retardation
About 3-4% of the mentally retarded population is severely retarded. Severely
retarded individuals have IQ scores of 20-40. They may master very basic self-care
skills and some communication skills. Many severely retarded individuals are able
to live in a group home.
D. Profound mental retardation
Only 1-2% of the mentally retarded population is classified as profoundly retarded.
Profoundly retarded individuals have IQ scores under 20-25. They may be able to
develop basic self-care and communication skills with appropriate support and
training. Their retardation is often caused by an accompanying neurological
disorder. The profoundly retarded need a high level of structure and supervision.
II.

Kinds of Tests
A. Achievement Test
An achievement test is a standardized test that is designed to measure an
individual's level of knowledge in a particular area. Unlike an aptitude test which
measures a persons ability to learn something, an achievement test focuses
specifically on how much a person knows about a specific topic or area such as
math, geography, or science. One of the most well known achievement tests is the
SAT, which is often used by college admission boards to determine who gets
accepted to college. Unfortunately, schools often use the SAT to predict how well
students will learn (or perform) in college, which means they are using an
achievement test as though it was an aptitude test.

B. Aptitude Test
Aptitude refers to a person's capacity to learn. It should come as no surprise then
that an aptitude test is a test designed to predict learning capacity for a particular
area or particular skills. For example, the SAT is a test designed to predict how well
you will perform in college (I won't get into the good and/or bad of this test). It is
not designed to measure how will you did in high school (that would be an
achievement test) but how capable you are of learning all the new skills necessary
to do well in college.
C. Intelligence Test
An intelligence test is a measure of one's intelligence (how do you like that
definition?). Seriously, it is a test designed to measure a person's mental aptitude
or inherent ability. The measure is taken, a numerical score is assigned, and then
compared to others who've taken the same test.
The mode rn fi e ld of
inte l lige nce tes ting be ga n with the Stanford-Binet IQ Test.
D. Ability Test
These tests are designed to measure a person's intelligence and mental ability.
Some of the specific areas measured by cognitive ability tests include problemsolving, verbal ability, numerical ability, reasoning, memory, and general
intelligence. Abstract Reasoning Test: this is a test of skill at finding similarities
and differences in groups of patterns. All the patterns in Group A are related to
each other in some way. All of the patterns in Group B are related to each other
in some way. Verbal Reasoning Test, test your skill at making sense of reports
that cannot be relied upon to be objective, truthful or even consistent. The test
consists of a series of short passages of text, each of which includes a number
of statements intended to convey information, or persuade the reader of a point
of view. And Numerical Reasoning Samples tests may take a form similar to the
verbal reasoning test above, where information is presented in text, graphs,
charts etc followed by statements. You must indicate whether the statements
are true or false, or choose between options.
E. Power Test
A Power Test is a statistical calculation performed before a study to determine the
minimum sample size needed for the study to have enough power. In other words,
the minimum numbers of participants you need to have in your study. Power is the
probability that a statistically significant effect can be found when it actually exists.
Without adequate power you might commit a Type II error, meaning that you fail to
reject the null hypothesis when it is false. The general consensus is that power
should be 0.8 or greater; if it is less than 0.8 then the same size is too small. The
exact formula for a power test depends on what type of analysis you are running
(such as a t-test), but power formulas take into account the desired alpha or
significance level, the effect size or expected difference you wish to detect, and
known variation in the population.
F. Interest Test

Psychological tests designed to clarify an individual's vocational potential or to


compare an individual's performance with the average scores of a specific
population. Interest tests help you define your interests and determine what you
like most. This could help you when making a career choice.

G. Personality Test
Any of several tests that consist of standardized tasks designed to determine
various aspects of the personality or the emotional status of the individual
examined
The University of Edinburgh identifies some examples of personality tests as:

Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Behavior (FIBRO-B)

Motivation Analysis Test (MAT)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Neo Five Factor Inventory (NEO FFI)

Neo Four Factor Inventory (NEO-4)

Neo Personality Inventory. Revised (NEO-PI-R)

Occupational Interest Inventory

Read
more
at
psychometrics.html#uvJsTysIsbxxkQL2.99

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Severe+mental+retardation
http://alleydog.com
https://student.unsw.edu.au/ability-tests-sample-questions
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-psychometrics.html

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