The World between Wars 19001950 Part-I

Key Points:
Where has industrial capitalism changed, the way many people earned their livelihood?
1. Industrial capitalism has changed, the way many people earned their livelihood, but only in
the western countries.
How did Hobsbawm, a renowned British Marxist historian, call the 20th century?
2. Eric Hobsbawm, a renowned British Marxist historian, called the 20th century The Age of
Extremes.
What did the world see politically?
Politically the world saw shoots of democratic aspirations grow amidst the rise of Fascist
dominations.
What did the people strive to build?
3. This was also an age of great experiment as people strove to build socialist societies based on
the principles of equality and fraternity.
What did Great depression cause?
4. The Great depression causing massive unemployment and economic breakdown.
What was the immediate provocation for World War-I and world war-II?
5. The immediate provocation for World War-I was the murder of Ferdinand of Austria by a
Serbian on 28th June 1914 and for World War-II war the invasion of Poland by Hitler as a
punishment for refusing to handover the port of Danzig to Germany.
What treaty set up the League of Nations to prevent wars in the future? When was the
United Nations organization (UN) formed?
. 6. The Treaty of Versailles set up the League of Nations to prevent wars in the future and the
United Nations organization (UN) was formed after world war-II.
What did the two wars establish? And particularly what of?
7. The two wars established a regime of lethal arms race, particularly of nuclear and chemical
weapons.
With the process of decolonization after World War-II what did the colonies rise to? And
what were born across Asia and Africa?
8. With the process of decolonization after World War-II, the colonies rose to independence and
several of new countries were born across Asia and Africa.
On what principles UN a kind of world government based on?
9. UN is a kind of world government based on four principles, viz, preserve peace, uphold

human rights, respect international law and promote social progress.

When did British women get the political right like right to vote?
10. After a long struggle for political right like right to vote- British women got these
rights in 1913. It was a big step in achieving enfranchisement of women.

Key words:
1Industrial Capitalism:
1] In industrial capitalism what will be maintained by the increasing use of machinery?
Industrial capitalism is characterized by the increasing use of machinery to maintain an
economic balance through its production processes.
2. Alliances: Why a union or association formed between countries? What for is a political
agreement between countries?
A union or association formed for mutual benefit between countries, made in order to advance
common goal. It is a political agreement between countries to support each other in disputes.
3. Aggressive Nationalism: What is the extreme belief of ones home country than any other
nation in the world? And what is the ideology of Aggressive Nationalism?
It is the extreme belief that ones home country is better and more important than any nation in
the world. It is the ideology of having pride in oneself and hatred against neighboring countries.
4. Militarism: According to militarism what a country should maintain? And be prepared
to?
The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capacity and be prepared to use it
aggressively to depend or promote national interest.
5. Fascism: What form of nationalism is Fascism? And where did it come in to prominence?
It is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th century
Italy.
6. Imperialism:
Imperialism is the polity of extending a nation authority by territoriary acquisition or by the
establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations.
ESSAY ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. How did the idea of nation states and nationalism influence desire for war during world wars?
1. How did the idea of nation states and nationalism influence desire for war during world wars?
How does a nationalism [ belief creed or political ideology] involve an individual?
1. Nationalism is a belief creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with
or becoming attached to ones nation.
What impulse was the ideology of nationalism? What was the foundation of modern nation
states and the force behind the unification of Germany and Italy?
2. The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse. It was the foundation of modern nation
states and the force behind the unification of Germany and Italy.

How this ideology could be used to create in one self and against neighbors? How
nationalism used in the states of Europe during 19th century?
3. This ideology could be used to create pride in oneself and hatred against neighbors. This was
used to build up hatred in the states of Europe during 19th century.
In what countries aggressive nationalism had grown?
4. Aggressive nationalism had grown in countries like Germany and Italy.
How Europeans become convinced of two things 1] that their nations and government
2]and their military?
5. Europeans become convinced of two things that their nations and government were right and
their military would win any conflict.
What of France, was hurt by Germany?
6. The nationalist pride of the France was hurt by Germany.
How did nationalism influence nation states to go for?
7. This nationalism influenced nation states to go for wars to show their nation pride and
patriotism in the world wars
2. Write a short note on various causes of two world wars? Do you think any of these are
prevailed even today in countries around the world? How? even today in countries around the
world? How?
1. Even though there were immediate causes for broke out the two world wars, there were many
other causes that contribute for these world wars.
Whose murder on 28th June 1914 was the immediate provocation for world war-1? On
whom Austria had declared war?
2. The immediate provocation for world war-I was the murder on 28th June 1914 of Archduke
Franz Ferolin of Austria by a Serbian nationalist. Austria had immediately declared war on
Serbia.
Whose invasion of Poland as punishment for refusing to handover the port of Danzig to
Germany was the immediate cause for world war-II?
Hitlers invasion of Poland as punishment for refusing to handover the port of Danzig to
Germany was the immediate cause for world war-II.
What 3 isms and secret alliances and ideological failure of League of Nations had mainly
contributed for these wars?
3. Causes such as aggressive nationalism, imperialism, militarism, secret alliances and
ideological failure of League of Nations had mainly contributed for these wars.
4. After World War I, these causes continued to push the world to war. Origination of new
causes also added fuel to the situation and resulted in World War-II. One of such causes was the
dissatisfaction of Germany with the legacy of World War-I.
Which constantly promoted the idea of using war as a solution to diplomatic problems?
5. A large industrial complex producing arms emerged which constantly promoted the idea of

using war as a solution to diplomatic problems.

6. Most of these causes are prevalent even today in countries around the world.
3. What are the different impacts of wars during the first half of 20th centuary?
On what, world wars have long lasting impact?
1. The world wars have a long lasting impact on the politics, society and economy of the world.
What was the first consequence of the wars? How many people were killed in world war-1
and world war-2?
2. The first consequence of the wars was widespread deaths and injuries. About 10 million
people were killed in the World War-I and 20-25 million in the World War -II.
What race did the two wars also established?
3. The two wars also established a regime of lethal arms race particularly that of nuclear and
chemical weapons.
What two dangers the two wars brought home?
4. The two wars also brought home the dangers of having undemocratic governments and greatly
strengthened the case for democratisation of power.
With World War-I what did Russia see and what did Germany become?
5. With World War-I, several empires have also ended. Russia saw a socialist revolution.
Germany became Weimar Republic.
In Turkey what replaced Ottoman Empire?
6. The Ottoman Empire was replaced by a democratic and secular state in Turkey.
7. After World War-II, the colonies rose to independence and hundreds of new countries were
born across the Asia and the Africa.
8. After World War-II United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed to resolve disputes
among the countries peacefully.
9. After a long struggle for political rights, like right to vote, British women got the voting rights
in 1918. Beginning with the confidence of being bread-winners, women began raising their voice
for equality is all walks of life. Getting the right to vote was a big step in that direction.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Correct the false statements. i) At the beginning of 20th century disparity across the world was
marked by the west and the rest. A. The statement is correct.
ii) 20th century saw the rise of democracy and instances of dictatorship as well as making of new
kingdoms. A. The statement is right.
. iii) Socialist societies wanted to build on the idea of equality and fraternity. A. The socialism
spread in Eastern Europe and socialist countries wanted to build their societies on the ideas of
equality and fraternity. Hence this statement is also correct.
iv) Army members of countries fighting belonged to many different countries and not just those
which directly participated in the war. those which directly participated in the war. A. This

statement is right.
v) After or during the First World War, many countries changed over from monarchy rule to
democracy. democracy. A. This statement is wrong. Only after the World War-II, many countries
switched over from monarchy to democracy.
2. Make a table to show Allies, Axis and Central powers, not participated with following
countries countries on different sides of the world wars