Top 5 Commentaries On The Books of The Old Testament

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Genesis
from Keith Mathison

The first five books of the Old Testament, the Hebrew Torah, are often called the Pentateuch. A
helpful introduction to this part of Holy Scripture is the book From Paradise to the Promised
Land by T. D. Alexander. The first book of the Pentateuch is one of the most well-known books
of the Bible. Understanding this first book, the Book of Genesis, is crucial to understanding the
Old Testament and the entire Bible. There are a wealth of commentaries on Genesis. In this post,
I will briefly describe five of the most generally helpful commentaries available on the first book
of the Bible.
1. Gordon J. Wenham Genesis 1-15 and Genesis 16-50 (Word Biblical Commentary,
1987, 1994).
The layout of the Word Biblical Commentary series is not the most reader friendly, but in the
case of Gordon Wenhams commentary on Genesis, it is certainly worth the trouble. Wenham
writes from a generally conservative evangelical viewpoint. His exegesis is careful and detailed
and always worth consulting.
2. Kenneth A. Mathews Genesis 1-11:26 and Genesis 11:27-50:26 (The New American
Commentary, 1996, 2005).
In recent years, Broadman & Holman have published a number of excellent commentaries in
their New American Commentary series. In 2005, with the publication of the second volume of
Kenneth Mathews commentary on Genesis, they added another outstanding contribution.
3. Victor P. Hamilton The Book of Genesis Chapters 1-17 and The Book of Genesis
Chapters 18-50 (The New International Commentary on the Old Testament, 1990, 1995).
Like Wenham and Mathews, Hamilton writes from a generally conservative evangelical
perspective. I rank Mathews slightly higher simply because Hamilton is a rather dry read. He is,
however, always worth consulting.
4. Allen P. Ross Creation and Blessing (1988).

Although not technically a commentary, this volume by Ross is an invaluable resource for
expositors. If you are a pastor, you should not be without this book.
5. John H. Walton Genesis (NIV Application Commentary, 2001).

It is difficult to decide what commentary should fill the number five slot, but in terms of general
helpfulness, Waltons commentary probably deserves it. The NIVAC series does not get into as
many technical issues, but it excels in terms of bridging the gap between the original audience
and the contemporary world. This commentary, then, will be of particular use to preachers and
teachers.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the the Book of Genesis.
Among them are those by Bruce Waltke, Derek Kidner , Nahum Sarna, John E. Hartley, and
Umberto Cassuto (Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 ). Cassutos works are sometimes difficult to track down. The
publishers website is here: (Vol. 1, Vol. 2). Sarnas work is in the JPS Torah Commentary series,
which is written from a Jewish perspective and is somewhat critical. This means that it must be
used with great care and discernment.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Exodus

In a 1996 guide to the best commentaries, Derek Thomas wrote: There is a famine of really
good commentaries on Exodus. Dr. Thomas commentary guide has since been updated, but at
that time, the best contemporary commentary one could recommend on the book of Exodus was
by Brevard Childs, and it could not be recommended unconditionally because it reflected Childs
critical stance. Thankfully, the situation has changed in the last twelve years, and there are a
number of good commentaries on Exodus from which to choose. In fact, two of the best
commentaries on this pivotal Old Testament book are very recent publications.
1. Douglas K. Stuart Exodus (The New American Commentary, 2006).
I first discovered Douglas Stuarts work when I read his Old Testament Exegesis textbook. Some
years later, I read his commentary on Hosea - Jonah and was very impressed. I had high
expectations, therefore, when I obtained a copy of his recently published commentary on
Exodus, and I was not disappointed. Stuart begins his work with a thirty page Introduction
containing a very helpful emphasis on the theology of Exodus. He then moves directly into the
text with a verse by verse examination of Exodus that extends approximately 750 pages. Stuarts
comments on the biblical text are clear and readable. The more technical issues are relegated to
the footnotes. This is now the first commentary on Exodus to which I turn.
2. J. Alec Motyer The Message of Exodus (The Bible Speaks Today, 2005).
J. Alec Motyer has written a large number of books and commentaries over the course of his
career. He is particularly well known for his extensive work of the book of Isaiah. Because of
the space limitations in the BST series, my expectations for his commentary on Exodus were
minimal, but I was pleasantly surprised. On almost every page, the reader finds helpful insights
into the meaning of the second book of Moses. Very highly recommended.
3. John L. Mackay Exodus (A Mentor Commentary, 2001).

John Mackay has written a number of commentaries on the Old Testament prophetic books. In
this volume, he moves to the Pentateuch with great success. His work should be consulted by
every serious student of Exodus.
4. Philip Graham Ryken Exodus (Preaching the Word, 2005).

Ryken is the pastor of Tenth Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. His massive expository
commentary is a goldmine for preachers. It is theologically deep and refreshingly practical, all
the while remaining very readable.
5. Brevard S. Childs The Book of Exodus (The Old Testament Library, 1974).
Because of the authors critical stance and the books technical nature, I can only recommend
this commentary to discerning pastors and teachers. Childs begins each section of the
commentary with his own translation of the Hebrew. He then offers textual and philological
notes on that section. The discussion titled Old Testament context contains his exegesis of the
text itself. The remaining three segments are what really set Childs commentary apart. For each
section of text, he discusses the New Testament use of the Old Testament text, the history of its
interpretation, and any related theological issues.
Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the the Book of Exodus that have
varying degrees of usefulness. Among them are those by John Currid (Vol. 1, Vol. 2), R. Alan
Cole, Umberto Cassuto , and Cornelius Houtman (Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , Vol. 3 , Vol. 4 ).
The serious student should also be sure to consult the commentary by John Calvin .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Leviticus

How many Christians have resolved to read through the entire Bible and made good
progress through Genesis and Exodus only to hit a wall and give up when they reach
Leviticus? With all of its different laws regarding the Old Covenant priesthood and
various sacrifices, it can be quite difficult to understand. We often find ourselves
asking about Leviticus, What does this mean, and how is it relevant today?
When the meaning of the book is grasped, however, and we begin to see the way in
which these laws foreshadowed the Person and work of Jesus Christ, the reading of
this magnificent part of Gods inspired Word becomes an encouraging and edifying
joy rather than a chore. For those who have struggled to understand the meaning
and relevance of Leviticus, a good commentary can shed a lot of light. The following
are what I believe to be the five most helpful commentaries on the book of
Leviticus:
1. Gordon J. Wenham The Book of Leviticus (The New International
Commentary on the Old Testament, 1979).
I have already written a review of Wenhams commentary on Leviticus elsewhere, so
I will be very brief here. This commentary is not only the best commentary on the
book of Leviticus, it is one of the best commentaries on any book of the Bible that I
have read.
2. John E. Hartley Leviticus (Word Biblical Commentary, 1992).

If you can afford more than one commentary on Leviticus, Hartleys commentary in
the WBC series is a good choice. It supplements Wenham well. The only drawback,
as with all volumes in the WBC series, is the layout. Once the reader becomes used
to it, however, it is not as much of an issue.
3. Mark F. Rooker Leviticus (New American Commentary, 2000).

Many of the commentaries in the NAC series are strong, and Rookers work on
Leviticus is a good example. It is both exegetically thorough and well written.
4. Jacob Milgrom Leviticus (Continental Commentary, 2004).

Jacob Milgrom is considered by many to be the worlds foremost expert on the book
of Leviticus. He has written a massive (2500 page) three-volume commentary on
Leviticus in the Anchor Bible series (Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , Vol. 3 ) [NOTE: Having been
purchased by Yale Univ. Press, the series is now titled the Anchor Yale Bible
Commentaries]. The Continental Commentary is a more accessible version, without
all the technical details. I havent ranked it higher because Milgrom approaches
Leviticus from an unnecessarily critical stance. This means this commentary must
be used with great care and discernment.
5. Baruch A. Levine Leviticus (JPS Torah Commentary, 1989).

Baruch Levine is one of the world leading scholars on the book of Leviticus, and this
commentary shows it. The work is not written for the layman. It is a technical
commentary on the Hebrew text. For those doing in-depth work, it should be
consulted. This commentary should be used with great care and discernment.
Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the Book of Leviticus
that are worth consulting. Among them are those by W.H. Bellinger , R.K. Harrison ,
Allen P. Ross , and Andrew Bonar .
The serious student should also be sure to consult the commentary by John Calvin .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Numbers

Although the fourth book of the Pentateuch is titled Numbers in English, its
Hebrew name bemidbar (in the wilderness) is a more accurate description of its
contents. It is largely concerned with Israels forty years in the wilderness as they
slowly made their way from Mount Sinai to the plains of Moab. The book of Numbers
narrates a key chapter in the story of Israel. It describes a period of transition from
the exodus generation to the generation that would enter the Promised Land. The
following are five of the most helpful commentaries on this neglected book of
Scripture.
1. Gordon Wenham Numbers (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries,
1981).
Gordon Wenham is among the best contemporary writers of commentaries. I
consider his commentaries on Genesis and Leviticus the best available

commentaries on those books. He has also written the most generally helpful
commentary on the book of Numbers. The format of the Tyndale series means that
this commentary is written at an introductory level. It is not as lengthy as his other
works, but Wenham is able to say more of significance in one page than most
commentators say in ten pages. Highly recommended.
2. Timothy R. Ashley The Book of Numbers (The New International

For those seeking a more thorough evangelical commentary on Numbers than the
Tyndale format will allow, Ashleys work is a great place to turn. He very helpfully
explores the important theological themes within the book.
3. R. Dennis Cole Numbers (The New American Commentary, 2000).

The argument could be made that Coles commentary belongs in the second
position before Ashley. Both are very helpful works, and each has its own
contribution to make. A pastor or student engaged in serious study of Numbers
should consult both.
4. Jacob Milgrom Numbers (The JPS Torah Commentary, 1990).

The JPS Torah commentaries are written by Jewish scholars and are quite technical,
but for those who are interested in digging deeply into the text, they usually offer
numerous valuable insights. This is certainly the case with Milgroms commentary
on Numbers. They are often somewhat critical, however, so they must be used with
great care and discernment if they are used at all.
5. Iain M. Duguid Numbers (Preaching the Word, 2006).

I have benefited from everything I have read by Iain Duguid. His commentary on
Numbers is well-written and aimed specifically at pastors.
Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the Book of Numbers
that are worth consulting. Among them are those by Roy Gane , Raymond Brown ,
and (if you can obtain it through a library) R.K. Harrisons commentary in the now
defunct Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary series by Moody Press.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Deuteronomy

The book of Deuteronomy is one of the most frequently cited Old Testament books
in the New Testament. Only Psalms and Isaiah are quoted more. Containing Moses
final messages to the people of Israel before their entrance into the Promised Land,
the book is rich in theological significance. The following are five of the most helpful
commentaries on this book of Scripture.
1. Peter C. Craigie The Book of Deuteronomy (The New International
There is such a wealth of commentaries on Deuteronomy that it is difficult to select
the best. When everything is taken into consideration, however, Craigies
commentary in the NICOT series is probably still the best place to start. It is a
competent and clear work written from an evangelical perspective.
2. J.G. McConville Deuteronomy (Apollos Old Testament Commentary,

2002).
Another strong contender for the top spot is the recent commentary by McConville.
The layout of the Apollos commentaries makes them somewhat more helpful for
those seeking contemporary application. If you can afford more than one
commentary on Deuteronomy, this one is well worth considering.
3. J.A. Thompson Deuteronomy (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries,

1974).
For those seeking a good introductory level commentary on the book of
Deuteronomy, the commentary by Thompson in the Tyndale series is the best place
to begin. For an introductory level commentary, it is surprisingly insightful.
4. John D. Currid Deuteronomy (EP Study Commentary, 2006).

Combining exegesis and application, Currids commentaries on the books of the
Pentateuch have so far been very helpful. His commentary on Deuteronomy
continues the standard of excellence.
5. Jeffrey H. Tigay Deuteronomy (JPS Torah Commentary, 1996).

As mentioned in previous Top 5 posts, the JPS Torah Commentaries are written by
Jewish scholars and are highly technical. Tigay writes from a somewhat critical
stance, so this commentary can only be recommended with qualification for
discerning pastors and seminary students. Those doing scholarly work on
Deuteronomy will find it immensely helpful.
Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the Book of

Deuteronomy that are worth consulting. Among them are those by Eugene Merrill ,
Duane L. Christensen (Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 ), Allan Harman , Raymond Brown , Christopher
J.H. Wright , David Payne , and if you can find it used or in a library, the one by J.
Ridderbos .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Joshua
With this post, we begin to look at the best commentaries on the Old Testament
Historical Books. For a good introductory overview of these books, I would
recommend Victor P. Hamiltons Handbook on the Historical Books and David M.
Howards An Introduction to the Old Testament Historical Books . The two
supplement each other well. Hamiltons book is essentially a mini-commentary on
all of these books, while Howards book focuses on introductory and theological
issues. Today, we look at the transitional book of Joshua. The following are five of
the most helpful commentaries on this book of Scripture.
1. Dale Ralph Davis Joshua (Focus on the Bible, 2000).
I will go ahead and say now that all of Dale Ralph Davis commentaries on the Old
Testament historical books are outstanding. They are non-technical, beginnerintermediate level works, but they offer more insight into these biblical books than
many commentaries two or three times their size. If you can only have one
commentary on each biblical book, get Davis on the historical books.
2. Richard S. Hess Joshua (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1996).

The Tyndale Old and New Testament Commentary series is probably the most
consistent commentary series available today. Most other series have some really
good commentaries, some mediocre commentaries, and at least a handful of
commentaries that are not very helpful at all. The volumes in the Tyndale series, on
the other hand, are consistently good. The Tyndale commentary on Joshua is
particularly good. Like Davis commentary, this one is also written at an
intermediate level and is accessible to all readers.
3. David M. Howard Joshua (New American Commentary, 1998).

David M. Howards introduction to the historical books of the Old Testament is an
outstanding work. In this volume, he is able to devote much more space to Joshua.
The result is a truly helpful commentary.
4. Marten Woudstra The Book of Joshua (New International Commentary

on the Old Testament, 1981).
Like the other commentaries in the NICOT series, this one is slightly more technical
in nature than the commentaries mentioned above (although not much more
technical than the commentary by Howard). Most of the really difficult material,
however, is found in the footnotes. The body of the text is readable and insightful.
Very helpful overall.
5. Trent C. Butler Joshua (Word Biblical Commentary, 1983).

As mentioned in previous Top 5 posts, the Word Biblical Commentaries have a
layout that is truly unfriendly to the reader. It is also a bit more technical in nature
than the commentaries already mentioned. For those doing in-depth exegesis,
however, it provides helpful information.
Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the Book of Joshua
that are worth consulting. Among them are those by James Montgomery Boice , C.J.
Goslinga , Adolph L. Harstad , and J. Gordon Harris .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Judges
The events described in the book of Judges cover a period of approximately 350
years, from the death of Joshua to the rise of the monarchy under Samuel. Unlike
Joshua, however, which recounted a period of Israels history largely marked by
faithfulness to God, Judges recounts a period of history characterized for the most
part by unfaithfulness. Yet Judges, like the other historical books, should not be
considered merely a dry and boring narration of names and places and dates. The
Jews referred to the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings as the former
prophets. These books demonstrate the outworking in history of Gods faithfulness
to His plan of redemption, to His covenant promises and warnings. The following are
the five commentaries on Judges that I have found the most helpful.
1. Dale Ralph Davis Judges (Focus on the Bible, 2000).
As I mentioned in the post on Joshua commentaries, if you can only have one
commentary on the historical books, get the commentaries by Davis. There are
other commentaries that go into more detail on technical issues (see below), but
Davis provides what most Christian readers of these books need a concise and
readable explanation of the text that sets each book within the larger context of
biblical redemptive history all without ever becoming boring or trite. This
commentary, like the others, is also very practical, but it avoids the kind of
moralizing exposition that rips passages out of context in order to make some
vague inspirational point.
2. Daniel I. Block Judges, Ruth (New American Commentary, 1999).

With the book of Judges, I really need two first place ribbons. For those looking for
something more in-depth on the book of Judges, the commentary by Daniel Block in
the NAC series is the place to start. It is, by far, the best intermediate-advanced
level commentary on the book. If you can only afford one commentary on the Book
of Judges, sell something you dont need and get Block to consult along with Davis.
Highly recommended.
3. K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Judges, Ruth (NIV Application Commentary,

2002).
Youngers volume on Judges and Ruth is one of the stronger contributions to the
NIVAC series. The format of this series divides the comments on each section of text
into Original Meaning, Bridging Contexts, and Contemporary Significance. This
format tends to emphasize contemporary application, but Youngers comments are
just as helpful in the Original Meaning section as they are in the other two.
4. Arthur E. Cundall & Leon Morris Judges & Ruth (Tyndale Old
Testament Commentaries, 1968).
Arthur Cundall contributed the commentary on Judges in the TOTC series. Like the
other contributions to this series, it is written at an introductory level and is
accessible to all readers.
5. Michael Wilcock The Message of Judges (The Bible Speaks Today,

1993).
Wilcocks introductory level commentary on Judges is a helpful and practical
exposition of the text. Preachers and teachers will find much of value within.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the Book of
Judges, including those by Andrew Fausset , Victor H. Matthews , and Gordon Keddie .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Ruth
After reading the story of Israel in the Book of Judges, one can be left wondering
whether all is lost for Israel and for mankind. Its a terrible downward spiral of sin
and judgment. The Book of Ruth reminds us that it wasnt all bad news. The Book of
Ruth tells a wonderful story of Gods behind-the-scenes providence in the life of a
woman whose descendants would include King David and ultimately the King of
kings Himself. The following are the five commentaries on Ruth that I have found
the most helpful.
1. Robert L. Hubbard, Jr. The Book of Ruth (New International
Robert Hubbards commentary on Ruth is a model of how commentaries should be
written. It is careful and clear. It manages to deal with both details and the big
picture. This is the first commentary to which one should turn with questions about
the Book of Ruth. Very highly recommended.
2. Daniel I. Block Judges, Ruth (New American Commentary, 1999).

I have already recommended Blocks commentary in connection with the Book of
Judges. It is just as helpful on the Book of Ruth. Highly recommended.
3. Frederic W. Bush. Ruth, Esther (Word Biblical Commentary, 1996).

An extensive, if somewhat technical, commentary on the Book of Ruth, but one well
worth consulting.
4. Iain M. Duguid Esther & Ruth (Reformed Expository Commentary,

2005).
Iain Duguids commentary is primarily directed toward pastors and teachers, but it
will benefit any reader. The commentary is less technical than many others and very
practical.
5. K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Judges, Ruth (NIV Application Commentary,

2002).
I have already mentioned Youngers commentary in my post of Judges. His
commentary on Ruth within the same volume is also very helpful.
Ruth, including those by Leon Morris , Sinclair Ferguson , David Atkinson , Dean Ulrich
, Stephen Dray , A. Boyd Luter & Barry Davis , Gordon Keddie , Victor H. Matthews ,
and John Wilch . Although not exactly a commentary, I would also recommend Iain
Campbells The Gospel According to Ruth . There is also a helpful chapter on Ruth in
the recent work by Barry G. Webb .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Samuel
Blog
Articles
Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 &

2 Samuel
from Keith Mathison
The books of Samuel deal in the broadest sense with the establishment of the monarchy in Israel
in fulfillment of promises found within the Pentateuch. Within this larger context, these books
focus primarily on the stories of three important individuals in the history of Israel: Samuel,
Saul, and David. The following are five of the most helpful commentaries on the books of
Samuel.
1. Dale Ralph Davis 1 Samuel , 2 Samuel (Focus on the Bible, 2000, 2002).
Davis commentaries on Joshua and Judges set a standard for readable, insightful, introductory
level commentaries on the historical books of the Old Testament. His volumes on the books of
Samuel maintain that high standard. These commentaries are written at a level accessible to the
layman, yet they offer numerous insights for pastors and teachers that other commentaries
overlook. I cannot recommend these two commentaries highly enough.
2. David T. Tsumura The First Book of Samuel (New International Commentary on the
Old Testament, 2007).
The best intermediate-advanced level commentary on the first book of Samuel is now the
commentary by David Tsumura in the NICOT series. It is very well written and very thorough.
Tsumuras expertise in the languages of the ancient Near East is evident throughout. He is
currently working on the follow-up volume on 2 Samuel in the same series, but given the fact
that the first volume is approximately 700 pages, it may be some time before we see the
completed set. When it is complete, it will likely be the standard scholarly commentary on these
books for many years. Highly recommended.
3. Ronald F. Youngblood. 1 & 2 Samuel (Expositors Bible Commentary, 1984).

Although volume 3 of the Expositors Bible Commentary contains commentaries on
Deuteronomy - 2 Samuel, Youngbloods work on Samuel takes up approximately half of the
entire volume. It is one of the three best commentaries in this series (along with Carson on
Matthew and VanGemeren on the Psalms). It is probably the most helpful intermediate level
commentary on the books of Samuel.
4. Joyce Baldwin 1 & 2 Samuel (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1988).

It is almost impossible to go wrong with any of the Tyndale commentaries. Baldwin contributed
several commentaries to this series, including those on Esther, Daniel, and the post-exilic
prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The commentary on the books of Samuel is a great
example of Baldwins high quality work. A very good introductory-intermediate level
commentary.
5. Bill T. Arnold 1 & 2 Samuel (NIV Application Commentary, 2003).

Arnolds commentary on the books of Samuel in the NIVAC series is one of the better
contributions. The strength of the NIVAC series is its focus on contemporary applications, and
Arnold is helpful here, but he is also concerned to deal with the original meaning of the text and
does so very well. It is an engaging work.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the books of Samuel.
Robert Bergen has contributed a solid commentary to the New American Commentary series.
Gordon Keddie has contributed two volumes to the Welwyn Commentary Series (Dawn of a
Kingdom, Triumph of the King ). On the more technical side are the contributions to the Word
Biblical Commentary series by Ralph Klein and A.A. Anderson .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Kings

The books of 1 and 2 Kings recount events that cover a period of just over four
hundred years, from the death of David to the release of Jehoiachin from prison in
Babylon. The books of Genesis through Samuel describe the progressive and
gradual fulfillment of Gods promises to give Abraham the land of Canaan and to
make of him a great nation. The books of 1 and 2 Kings describe a major reversal, a
movement towards the eventual loss of the land and exile. The following are five of
the most helpful commentaries on the books of 1 & 2 Kings.
1. Dale Ralph Davis 1 Kings , 2 Kings (Focus on the Bible, 2002, 2005).
I have already mentioned the high quality of Davis commentaries on the books of
Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, and 2 Samuel. His commentaries on 1 & 2 Kings are
equally outstanding. These commentaries should be on the shelf of every Bible
student and pastor.
2. Paul R. House 1, 2 Kings (New American Commentary, 1995).

One of the best intermediate level commentaries on the books of 1 & 2 Kings is the
commentary by Paul R. House in the NAC series. This is the commentary to which
pastors should turn if they are seeking more exegetical detail than is found in the
works of Davis mentioned above. House explores historical, literary, canonical,
theological, and applicational concerns thoroughly and competently. Highly
recommended.
3. Iain W. Provan. 1 and 2 Kings (New International Biblical

Commentary, 1995).
Provans commentary on Kings in the NIBC series may be the best individual
contribution to that series. The format of the series limits the amount of space the
author has, but Provan uses it wisely. He explores the theological themes of the
book within its larger redemptive-historical context. Very readable and useful for
pastors and teachers.
4. Donald J. Wiseman 1 & 2 Kings (Tyndale Old Testament

Commentaries, 1993).
Wisemans contribution to the Tyndale series is another strong contribution.
Although it is a bit more technical than the introductory level works by Davis, this
commentary, like the others in this series, is accessible to virtually any reader.
Wisemans specialty is ancient Near Eastern history, and his insights from this field
of study are evident in this work. A good introduction to the books of 1 & 2 Kings.
5. Mordechai Cogan (and Hayim Tadmor) 1 Kings , 2 Kings (Anchor Yale

Bible Commentaries, 2001, 1988).
Cogan and Tadmor co-wrote the volume on 2 Kings in 1988. Years later, in 2001, the
commentary on 1 Kings was published. The volume on 1 Kings was written by
Cogan alone. These commentaries are written from a somewhat critical perspective
and should be used with care, but the authors knowledge of the ancient Near
Eastern context makes these works very helpful for those interested in more
technical commentaries.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful

commentaries on the books of Kings. Roger Ellsworth has written commentaries on
1 Kings and 2 Kings that will be helpful for preachers. The recent contribution by
August Konkel to the NIVAC series is also worth consulting.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Chronicles

If you randomly select 100 Christians and ask them to name their five favorite
books of the Bible, it is unlikely that the books of 1 & 2 Chronicles will be found on
many lists. These books are largely neglected by Christians today. They are,
however, part of Gods inspired and inerrant word, and since they are Scripture,
these books are profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in
righteousness (2 Tim. 3:16). Chronicles was written to the people of Israel in the
early post-exilic period to guide them during the period of restoration following their
long exile. These theologically rich books contain principles that remain as relevant
for the people of God today as they were for the people of God then. The following
are five of the most helpful commentaries on 1 & 2 Chronicles.
1. Roddy L. Braun and Raymond B. Dillard 1 Chronicles , 2 Chronicles
(Word Biblical Commentary, 1986, 1987).
Although they are on the more technical side, the commentaries by Braun and
Dillard in the Word Biblical Commentary series are indispensable for serious study of
the text. Each also offers helpful theological insight, sometimes missing from
technical commentaries. The layout of the Word Biblical Commentaries can take
some getting used to, but in the case of these two works, it is worth the effort.
2. Richard L. Pratt 1 & 2 Chronicles (Mentor Commentary, 1998).

Pratts commentary on 1 & 2 Chronicles is distinctive in that it concerns itself
primarily with the theological aspects of the books. For those who have had
difficulty understanding the relevance and significance of Chronicles, this will be a
good place to start. It is an intermediate level commentary that should be of use to
laymen, pastors, and scholars.
3. Martin Selman. 1 Chronicles , 2 Chronicles (Tyndale Old Testament

Commentaries 1994).
As with many other commentaries in the Tyndale series, Selmans work is clear and
concise without being simplistic. This is a good place to begin for laymen who are
looking for a basic introduction to the books.
4. Andrew E. Hill 1 & 2 Chronicles (NIV Application Commentary, 2003).

It is one thing to understand what the original author of Chronicles was saying to
post-exilic Israel, it is another to understand how the teaching of Chronicles applies
to the 21st century church. The strength of the NIV Application series is in bridging
the gap between the original audience and todays audience. Hill accomplishes this
goal nicely, resulting in a work that will prove especially valuable for pastors and
teachers.
5. Sara Japhet 1 & 2 Chronicles (Old Testament Library, 1993).

Japhets commentary is written from a moderately critical perspective, so it must be
used with care, but its thoroughness makes it worth consulting. It is a must for
seminary students doing in-depth study of these books.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on 1 & 2

Chronicles. Among them are the introductory level works by Michael Wilcock and
Cyril J. Barber (Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 ). Also worth consulting are the commentaries by J.G.
McConville , J.A. Thompson , and Leslie Allen .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah

With the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, the continuous historical narrative of the Old
Testament comes to a close. These two books were originally a single work, and
most commentaries treat them together. Ezra and Nehemiah cover an historical
period of approximately 100 years, from the decree of Cyrus permitting the exiles to
return to their homeland to Nehemiahs time in office. The following are five of the
most helpful commentaries on Ezra/Nehemiah.
1. F. Charles Fensham The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah (New
International Commentary on the Old Testament, 1983).
Ezra and Nehemiah are challenging books for contemporary readers. The best
commentaries for those seeking to understand these books are the commentaries
by Fensham and Williamson (below). I find Fenshams work somewhat more helpful
simply because the NICOT format is much more reader friendly.
2. H.G.M. Williamson Ezra/Nehemiah (Word Biblical Commentary, 1985).

Williamsons commentary is a scholarly standard on these books and should be
consulted in conjunction with Fenshams work. There is more technical information

in Williamsons work, but it is less user friendly due to the cumbersome format of
the WBC.
3. Derek Kidner. Ezra & Nehemiah (Tyndale Old Testament

Commentaries 1979).
For those seeking a good introductory level commentary on the books of Ezra and
Nehemiah, I would recommend Derek Kidners commentary. He is one of those
commentators whose work is consistently good.
4. Mervin Breneman Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (New American

Commentary, 1993).
Brenemans commentary does not compare with Fenshams and Williamsons, but
for those seeking helpful summaries of the more technical work that has been done
on these books, his is a helpful work.
5. J.G. McConville Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther (Daily Study Bible, 1985).
I have benefited from many of McConvilles works, and this brief introductory level
commentary is no exception. I find Kidner somewhat more useful, but McConville
should not be ignored.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on Ezra and
Nehemiah. Among them are the introductory level commentaries by Raymond
Brown (Nehemiah only) and Stan Evers . Seminary students will also want to
consult the work of David J.A. Clines .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Esther

In the Hebrew Bible, the book of Esther is found in the third section of the canon,
the Writings. It is the last of the five scrolls (Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes,
Lamentations, and Esther), and is read at the Feast of Purim. It is a deeply profound
and moving narrative of historical events that displayed the providence of God. The
following are five of the most helpful commentaries on this book of Scripture.
1. Karen Jobes Esther (NIV Application Commentary, 1999).
Karen Jobes has written the most engaging, interesting, and helpful commentary on
the book of Esther presently available. Her knowledge of the text is extensive, and
her insights into current application are valuable. The commentary is accessible to
laymen, but should be useful to pastors and scholars as well.
2. Joyce Baldwin Esther (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1984).

Joyce Baldwin was among the most consistent commentators of the previous
generation. This commentary on Esther in the Tyndale series is a perfect example of
the value of her work. Clear, concise, and to the point always an asset in
commentaries.
3. Iain Duguid. Esther and Ruth (Reformed Expository Commentary,

2005).
Duguids commentary would be a good addition to the library of any pastor or
teacher. His exposition of the text is careful and clear. There is also a very helpful
focus on contemporary application.
4. Frederic Bush Ruth/Esther (Word Biblical Commentary, 1996).

For those seeking a more extensive commentary on the book of Esther, Frederic
Bushs work in the WBC series is a good place to start. Although a bit too technical
for most readers, it will be of benefit to seminary students and others doing in-depth
study of the text.
5. Mervin Breneman Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (New American

Commentary, 1993).
I have already mentioned Brenemans commentary in my post on the top five EzraNehemiah commentaries. The same evaluation applies here. A very helpful work.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the book of
Esther. Among them are the introductory level commentary by J.G. McConville .
Seminary students will also want to consult the work of David J.A. Clines .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Job

Wisdom Books and Psalms. For a good introductory overview of these books, I would
recommend Daniel Estes Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms and Derek
Kidners The Wisdom of Proverbs, Job and Ecclesiastes . Estes book is essentially a
mini-commentary on all of these books, while Kidners work is focused more on the
nature of Wisdom literature. In this post, we look at the deeply profound book of Job.
The following are five of the most helpful commentaries on this book of Scripture.
1. David J.A. Clines Job 1-20 ; Job 21-37 (Word Biblical Commentary,
1989, 2006).
As readers of this series of blog posts will know, I find the layout of the Word Biblical
Commentaries a bit exasperating. However, some of the commentaries in the series
are so good that it is worth the effort to deal with the poor editorial decisions of the
publisher. Clines commentary on Job is one of those works. Although it is not yet
complete (the final volume will cover chapters 38-41 and include extensive
indexes), this is the best commentary available on the book. Clines is one of those
commentators who realizes the necessity of dealing not only with the minutiae of
the text, but with the big picture as well. It is a more technical commentary, but
those who take the time to work through it will be rewarded. Very highly
recommended.
2. John Hartley The Book of Job (New International Commentary on the

Old Testament, 1988).
Hartleys commentary on Job is not as comprehensive or technical as Clines work,
but it is not written at an introductory level either. It is a thorough and demanding
work that supplements Clines well. Readers will find much insight into the meaning
of Job here. Highly recommended.
3. Francis I. Andersen Job (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1976).

For those seeking a more introductory level commentary on the book of Job, Francis
Andersons commentary is the best place to start. Anderson is a renowned scholar,
and the commentary reflects his learning without becoming overly technical.
Virtually any reader should be able to pick up this volume and work their way
through it with little difficulty. A very helpful introductory commentary.
4. Elmer Smick Job in The Expositors Bible Commentary (1984).

I may be somewhat partial to the commentary by Elmer Smick because he was one
of my professors during the final years of his life. He is not as well-known as some of
the other commentators mentioned in these posts, but he was a godly man, and his
devotion to Jesus Christ is evident on the pages of his commentary on Job.
5. David Atkinson The Message of Job (The Bible Speaks Today, 1991).
The Bible Speaks Today volumes vary in terms of quality and helpfulness. The
volume on Job by David Atkinson is one of the more helpful works in the series.
There is much of practical value here.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the book of Job.
Among them are several works that will be of help to pastors including the
commentaries by Derek Thomas , Bill Cotton , Gerald Wilson , and Steven Lawson .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Psalms

The Book of Psalms is one of the most beloved portions of Holy Scripture. Its
contents are read and sung by millions every day. The book is actually a collection
of 150 individual songs composed over a period of approximately 1000 years, from
the time of Moses (Psalm 90) to the post-exilic period (Psalm 126). Seventy-three of
the psalms are explicitly attributed to David, but other authors are mentioned as
well. There are a number of books available that offer some helpful introductory
insights into the book of Psalms. Two that are very helpful are C. Hassell Bullocks
Encountering the Book of Psalms and Geoffrey Grogans Prayer, Praise and
Prophecy . In addition to these works, there are a number of great commentaries on
the book of Psalms. The following are five of the most helpful.
1. Willem A. VanGemeren Psalms in the Expositors Bible Commentary
(1991).
It may appear that a commentary on the book of Psalms that is bound together in a
volume that covers Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs as well would not
have enough space to be worthwhile. In the case of VanGemerens commentary on
Psalms, such an assumption would be a terrible mistake. His commentary takes up
880 pages out of a total of 1245 (a little more than two-thirds of the whole). Along
with Carsons commentary on Matthew, it is one of the two or three best
commentaries in the Expositors Bible Commentary. It is certainly the most helpful
commentary on the Psalms that I have yet read. For each Psalm, VanGemeren
provides a substantive introduction followed by expository comments and textual
notes on every verse. In many cases, these comments are then followed by an
Appendix dealing more fully with some important issue in that particular Psalm. I
cannot recommend this commentary highly enough. It should be used by every
student of Scripture. [A thoroughly expanded and revised version (1024 pages) of
this commentary was published in late 2008].
2. Gerald Wilson Psalms Volume 1 (NIV Application Commentary, 2002).
The NIVAC series is a mixed bag, but Gerald Wilsons initial volume on the Psalms is
one of the standouts. The NIVAC series divides comments into three sections:
Original Meaning, Bridging Contexts, and Contemporary Significance. In most of the
commentaries in this series, the author will do very well in one or maybe two of
those sections. Wilson is one of the few who succeeds in all three. To the best of my
knowledge, he will not be writing the second volume on Psalms in the NIVAC series,
but this should not deter students of Scripture from using this first volume, which
covers Psalms 1-72.
3. Donald Williams Psalms 1-72 ; Psalms 73-150 (The Preachers

Commentary, 2002).
I ran across this commentary years ago when it was part of the now defunct
Mastering the Old Testament series. I have always found something of value when I
have opened these volumes to see what Williams has to say on a given Psalm. This
is a non-technical, highly readable commentary, with a strongly devotional and
practical approach. It is well worth consulting.
4. Derek Kidner Psalms 1-72 ; Psalms 73-150 (Tyndale Old Testament

Kidners commentaries are always worth reading, and for those looking for a basic
introductory level commentary on the Psalms, this is a great place to start. The
comments are clear and very concise, but always reflect the extensive learning and
insight of the author. With commentaries, it is generally best to choose them on a
book by book basis. Most sets are a very mixed bag. The Tyndale set is one of the
very few I would suggest as a whole. It is very consistent, and Kidners contributions
are one reason for this.
5. Peter Craigie, Marvin Tate, Leslie Allen Psalms 1-50 ; Psalms 51-100 ;
Psalms 101-150 (Word Biblical Commentary, 1983, 1990, 2002).
It is difficult to decide between these three commentaries and the volumes by
Goldingay mentioned below. Ive included the three WBC volumes primarily on the
strength of Craigies contribution. It is technical, but very helpful. Craigie was to
write all of the volumes on the Psalms, but his death meant other scholars would
have to complete the work. Unfortunately, the contributions by Tate and Allen are
not quite as good as the one by Craigie, although Allens is somewhat closer to the
mark.
Psalms. Among these are the classic works of John Calvin and Martin Luther .
Charles Spurgeons commentary provides a wealth of material for preachers. Other
commentaries that will prove especially helpful for pastors are those by William S.
Plumer , Michael Wilcock (Vol. 1 ; Vol. 2), G.A.F. Knight (Vol. 1 ; Vol. 2 ), James
Montgomery Boice (Vol. 1 ; Vol. 2 ; Vol. 3 ), and Eric Lane (Vol. 1 ; Vol. 2 ).
Geoffrey Grogan has recently published a commentary on the Psalms in the Two
Horizons series. Approximately half of this work is devoted to the theological
horizons of the Psalms, and this section alone is worth the price of the book.
However, since the commentary proper is somewhat sparse, this work is best used
alongside other works such as those mentioned above.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Proverbs

The book of Proverbs is the central wisdom book of the Old Testament. Like the book
of Psalms, it is a collection of collections. The individual proverbs were composed
by different authors (e.g., Solomon, Agur, Lemuel) over a period of time and finally
collected into a single book. The Proverbs are too often neglected by Christians
today, but they are also too often misunderstood. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on Proverbs, and the following are five of the best.
1. Bruce K. Waltke The Book of Proverbs: Chapters 1-15 ; The Book of
Proverbs: Chapters 15-31 (New International Commentary on the Old
Testament, 2004, 2005).
Sometimes recommending the best commentary on a given biblical book is difficult.
In the case of Proverbs, it is simple. Bruce Waltkes two-volume commentary is truly
a gift to the church. The introduction in the first volume thoroughly covers issues
such as genre and the theology of the book. The commentary proper reveals
Waltkes comprehensive grasp of all of the issues related to the interpretation of this
inspired book. Very highly recommended.
2. David A. Hubbard Proverbs (The Preachers Commentary, 2002).

Those who are preaching or teaching through Proverbs will want to supplement
Waltkes work with a commentary that reflects on various issues related to
application. Hubbards work is the best place to turn for this. While not as
comprehensive as Waltke, Hubbard does not neglect addressing the difficult
questions, all the while remaining clear and readable.
3. Raymond C. Van Leeuwen Proverbs in The New Interpreters Bible

(1997).
Van Leeuwen is a recognized scholar in the field of biblical wisdom literature, and
his understanding of this genre is reflected in his commentary. There is more
reflection on the theology of the book here than in most commentaries. If you can
find a copy in a library, this work on Proverbs is worth consulting.
4. Tremper Longman III Proverbs (Baker Commentary on the Old

Testament Wisdom and Psalms, 2006).
Longman is the general editor of the Baker Commentary on the Old Testament
Wisdom and Psalms, and the contributor of the volume on Proverbs. Longman deals
not only with the details of the text, but also with literary and theological questions.
This does not mean, however, that the book is overly technical and inaccessible to
laymen. It is quite readable. All in all, I find this commentary very helpful in getting
to the heart of the matter of the text.
5. Derek Kidner Proverbs (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1964).

As noted in the introductory comments to my post on the Top 5 Job commentaries,
Kidner has written one of the more helpful introductions to biblical wisdom
literature. Here he applies that knowledge to one specific example, the book of
Proverbs. As with the other Tyndale commentaries, this is an introductory level
work, but it is probably the best of the introductory level works on the book.
Proverbs. Among them is the classic work by Charles Bridges . On an introductory
level are the works by David Atkinson and Eric Lane . In the intermediate to
advanced range are the commentaries by Roland Murphy , Paul Koptak , Allen P. Ross
, Duane Garrett , and John Kitchen .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Ecclesiastes

Vanity of vanities! All is vanity. So begins the book of Ecclesiastes, one of the more
difficult books of Scripture to interpret and apply. The book deals with questions of
despair, suffering, and folly in other words, life in a fallen world. Ecclesiastes
teaches us that life without God leads ultimately to futility. There are a number of
helpful commentaries on this epistle, and the following are five of the best.
1. Derek Kidner The Message of Ecclesiastes (The Bible Speaks Today,

1984).
Derek Kidners commentaries are always helpful, and since one of his areas of
expertise is Old Testament Wisdom Literature, his commentary on Ecclesiastes is
one of his best. It is a popular level work, accessible to any reader, yet it still
contains profound insight and application. Highly recommended.
2. Michael A. Eaton Ecclesiastes (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries,

1983).
Like all of the commentaries in the Tyndale series, Eatons work is clear and concise.
Eaton views Ecclesiastes as an apologetic essay. It defends the life of faith in God by
detailing how terrible the alternative is. Life without God, according to Ecclesiastes,
is futile. With all of the different approaches to interpreting Ecclesiastes, I find
Eatons particularly helpful.
3. Iain Provan Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs (NIV Application

Commentary, 2001).
With a book like Ecclesiastes, it is sometimes difficult to know how it should be
applied. The very format of the NIVAC series demands reflection on application.
Provan offers helpful insight into the meaning of the book and its relevance today.
This work will prove especially helpful to preachers.
4. David A. Hubbard Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon (The Preachers

Commentary, 2002).
Another commentary that should be consulted by preachers is the contribution to
The Preachers Commentary series by David Hubbard. Between Hubbard and
Provan, preachers should be able to help their people understand more clearly this
difficult portion of Gods inerrant Word.
5. Tremper Longman The Book of Ecclesiastes (The New International

Longmans approach to Ecclesiastes differs from that of Eaton somewhat. Like
many, Longman argues that the monologue by Qohelet (the main speaker in the
book) is framed by the words of a narrator. According to Longman, however,
Qohelet is a skeptic with no hope. Longman argues that the narrator uses Qohelets
monologue to teach his son about the dangers of such skepticism. The positive
teaching of the book, then, is found in the words of the narrator. Not all will agree
with his interpretation, but it is worth examining.
Ecclesiastes. The commentary by Charles Bridges is a classic. A new major
commentary by Craig Bartholomew is forthcoming and should be worth consulting.
Top 5 Commentaries on The Song of Songs

It is somewhat difficult to recommend a Top 5 list on the Song of Songs because
ones inclusion of commentaries in the list will largely depend on whether one takes
an allegorical or non-allegorical approach to the book. The list below is based on my
own non-allegorical approach to the book.
1. Tom Gledhill The Message of the Song of Songs (The Bible Speaks
Today, 1994).
Tom Gledhills commentary on the Song of Songs is accessible to any reader, but
the fact that it is accessible does not mean that it is simplistic. In fact, in places it is
truly profound and insightful. Gledhill sees the book for what it is - a poetic
exploration of human love that points beyond itself to the Creator and Redeemer.
Very highly recommended.
2. Lloyd Carr The Song of Solomon (Tyndale Old Testament

Lloyd Carrs contribution to the Tyndale series of commentaries is a very helpful
work on the Song of Solomon. Like Gledhill, Carr takes a non-allegorical approach to
the book, and provides numerous insights.
3. Richard S. Hess Song of Songs (Baker Commentary on the Old

Testament Wisdom and Psalms, 2005).
Among the more advanced commentaries written from an evangelical perspective,
the work by Richard Hess is probably the most helpful. In addition to careful
exegesis, Hess provides insightful reflections on the theology of the book. This is
something missing in too many commentaries. Highly recommended.
4. Tremper Longman Song of Songs (New International Commentary on

the Old Testament, 2001).
For those seeking a thorough exegetical commentary, Longmans work in the NICOT
series is a good resource. He approaches the book as a poem (or more precisely an
anthology of poems) about the male-female relationship, which itself is analogous to
the relationship between God and His people.
5. Iain Provan Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs (NIV Application

Commentary, 2001).
I have already mentioned this volume in the post on Ecclesiastes. The section of the
book on the Song of Songs should prove just as helpful to preachers and others
looking for practical application.
Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on the Song of
Songs. Those looking for a good commentary taking an allegorical approach might
consider the older works by George Burrowes and James Durham .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Isaiah

Prophetic Books. For a good introductory overview of these books, I would
recommend O. Palmer Robertsons The Christ of the Prophets .
Of all the eighth century prophetic books, none matches the sheer scope of the
book of Isaiah. His book covers the common prophetic themes of impending
judgment and future restoration, but Isaiah also focuses much attention on the
coming messianic King, the servant of God. Isaiahs significance may be seen in the
fact that his book is quoted in the New Testament more than all of the other Old
Testament prophets combined. There are a number of quite helpful commentaries
on this prophetic book, and the following are five of the best.
1. J. Alec Motyer The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction & Commentary
(1993).
The best commentary on Isaiah, hands down, is Motyers stand alone volume
published by InterVarsity Press. It is semi-technical, so those who are not trained in
the biblical languages may find some sections more difficult than others, but the
wealth of exegetical insight is worth the effort. For those who would like to gain the
benefits of Motyers work without the technicalities, he has also contributed the
volume on Isaiah to the Tyndale series. This smaller volume is not simply a
summary of the larger work. Motyer went back to the text, and this smaller volume
contains many helpful insights not found in the larger work.
2. John Oswalt The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1-39 , The Book of Isaiah:
Chapters 40-66 (New International Commentary on the Old Testament,
1986, 1998).
The completion of John Oswalts commentary on Isaiah in 1998 was a major
blessing to the Christian church. This work, which replaced E. J. Youngs older threevolume commentary on Isaiah in the NICOT series, is a model of careful evangelical
scholarship. It should be on the desk of every student of the Old Testament. It
should be consulted along with Motyer. Oswalt has also written a less technical
commentary on Isaiah for the NIV Application Commentary series. This volume does
not replace the larger two-volume work, but it will be of use to busy pastors.
3. Edward J. Young The Book of Isaiah (New International Commentary

on the Old Testament, 1965, 1969, 1972).
Edward J. Young was one of the founding faculty at Westminster Theological
Seminary and taught Old Testament there for many years. His massive threevolume commentary on Isaiah is something of a modern classic among Reformed
students of Scripture. It has been replaced in the NICOT series by the fine work of
Oswalt, but it should not be relegated to the dust bin. There is much of value in
these volumes.
4. John L. Mackay Isaiah 1-39 (EP Study Commentary, 2008).

This new commentary in the EP Study Commentary series is not yet complete, but
based on the first volume, it will be a standard work for many years. It is long at 864
pages, but it is not overly technical and should be accessible to most pastors.
Mackay works through each section of the book, verse by verse, and concludes with
practical reflections.
5. Barry Webb The Message of Isaiah (The Bible Speaks Today, 1997).
Those who are looking for a brief non-technical commentary on the book of Isaiah
would do well to consider the volume by Barry Webb in the Bible Speaks Today
series. Although the series does not give the space to go into great detail, Webb
makes the most of it and offers very illuminating insight into the text.
Isaiah, including those by Geoffrey Grogan , J. Ridderbos , Allan Harman , Derek
Thomas , and Bryan Beyer .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Jeremiah

The prophet Jeremiah witnessed the fall of Judah in 586 B.C. Jeremiahs prophecies
declare the end of one era and announce the beginning of another. The law of God
given to Moses had decreed that violations of the covenant would result in the
removal of Gods blessings and the imposition of the sanctions of the covenant.
Jeremiahs ministry both announces and witnesses the imposition of the final
covenantal curse upon Judah, the curse of exile. Jeremiah, however, also bears
witness to Gods intense love for his people. Judgment is not Gods last word for
Judah according to Jeremiah, and he consoles his readers with numerous prophecies
of restoration and salvation beyond exile. There are a number of quite helpful
commentaries on this prophetic book, and the following are five of the best.
1. J.A. Thompson The Book of Jeremiah (New International Commentary
on the Old Testament, 1980).
Probably the best overall commentary on the book of Jeremiah is J.A. Thompsons
work in the NICOT series. Although it is moderately technical in places, all Hebrew is
transliterated and fully explained. It is therefore accessible to most readers.
Thompson writes from an evangelical perspective and offers numerous helpful
insights into the meaning of this book.
2. Jack R. Lundbom Jeremiah 1-20 , Jeremiah 21-36 , Jeremiah 37-52 (The

Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries, 1999, 2004, 2004).
Those looking for an exhaustive technical commentary on Jeremiah will find
Lundboms three-volume work a treasure trove of valuable information. The first
volume contains a lengthy introduction dealing with the standard introductory
issues of composition and context. Lundbom also deals with the theology of
Jeremiah in this introductory section. The bulk of the three volumes is devoted to
commentary on the text. Lundbom approaches Jeremiahs work section by section,
with detailed notes as well as section summaries. Volumes 1 and 3 also contain
some very informative appendices. Highly recommended for the serious student of
Jeremiah.
3. John L. Mackay Jeremiah 1-20 , Jeremiah 21-52 (Mentor Commentary,

2004).
Mackays commentary on Jeremiah is detailed without being overly technical. It will
prove especially helpful for Bible teachers and pastors who are looking for help with
exposition of the text.
4. Tremper Longman Jeremiah, Lamentations (New International Biblical

Commentary, 2008).
This recent commentary by a well-known evangelical author fills a gap by providing
for a general audience the fruits of the most up-to-date scholarship on the book of
Jeremiah. Although easily accessible, Longman provides numerous literary and
theological insights into the book.
5. Derek Kidner The Message of Jeremiah (The Bible Speaks Today,

1987).
Students of the Bible should read anything written by Derek Kidner. His
commentaries are always accessible and insightful, and this one is no exception. For
a general reader wanting to know the relevance of Jeremiah for today, Kidners work
would be an excellent place to start.
Jeremiah. R.K. Harrisons volume in the Tyndale series is a helpful introductory level
work. Pastors will find the commentaries by Philip Graham Ryken and J. Andrew
Dearman helpful.
All students of Scripture should also take the time to look at John Calvins
commentary on Jeremiah.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Lamentations

The book of Lamentations was written soon after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. It
consists of five poetic songs of lament. It is not among the most popular Old
Testament books, but it repays careful study. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on this book, and the following are five of the best.
1. Duane Garrett and Paul House Song of Songs / Lamentations (Word
Biblical Commentary, 2004).
Aside from the standard drawbacks of the WBC format, the commentary by House
on the book of Lamentations is the best place to begin. He deals with every aspect
of the text and digs into the theology of the book. Although somewhat technical, it
is very useful.
2. J. Andrew Dearman Jeremiah / Lamentations (NIV Application

Commentary, 2002).
With a book like Lamentations, it is sometimes difficult to comprehend the
contemporary significance. Dearman does an outstanding job showing the way in
which this book remains very relevant 2500 years after the first destruction of
Jerusalem. This commentary will be particularly helpful for pastors.
3. Philip Graham Ryken Jeremiah and Lamentations (Preaching the

Word, 2001).
Rykens commentaries are always clear and helpful. This commentary is no
exception and is a goldmine for preachers and teachers.
4. Tremper Longman Jeremiah, Lamentations (New International Biblical

Commentary, 2008).
I have already mentioned Longmans commentary in connection with Jeremiah. His
commentary on Lamentations in the same volume is equally helpful.
5. John Mackay Lamentations (Mentor Commentary, 2008).

This new commentary is a great contribution to the existing works on Lamentations.
Mackay is always insightful and practical. Thorough but not overly technical.
Lamentations. At an introductory level is the work in the Tyndale series by R.K.
Harrison . Seminary students and others doing in-depth study of the book will want
to consult the commentary by Iain Provan . Preachers will find the works of Richard
Brooks and F.B. Huey useful.
All students of Scripture should also take the time to look at John Calvins
commentary on Jeremiah and Lamentations.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Ezekiel

Like Jeremiah, Ezekiel ministered in the years immediately preceding and
immediately following the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. However, unlike Jeremiah,
who remained in Judah, Ezekiel ministered primarily to the exiles in Babylon.
Ezekiel, a priest of the Jerusalem temple, was one of the many Judeans taken to
Babylon in the deportation of 597 B.C. His prophetic call came only a few years after
his deportation, and the prophetic oracles within his book can be dated between
593 and 571 B.C. His book contains some of the most difficult and disputed
prophecies in the Old Testament. The following are five of the most helpful
commentaries on this prophetic book.
1. Daniel I. Block The Book of Ezekiel: Chapters 1-24 ; The Book of
Ezekiel: Chapters 25-48 (New International Commentary on the Old
Testament, 1997, 1998).
It is difficult to decide between the commentaries by Block and Duguid (See #2
below), but because of its comprehensiveness, I have to consider Blocks
commentary the most helpful overall. His massive commentary deals with every
individual text in detail, but also steps back to discuss the theological implications
of each major passage. There are also a number of helpful excursuses on a variety
of important topics. Very highly recommended.
2. Iain M. Duguid Ezekiel (NIV Application Commentary, 1999).

Duguids commentary runs a very close second to Block in my estimation. For those
who do not need the detail of Block, Duguid is the place to go. His is a very careful
reading of the book from a Reformed perspective. Very helpful and highly
recommended.
3. Douglas Stuart Ezekiel (The Preachers Commentary, 2002).

Douglas Stuart has written what I consider to be perhaps the most helpful
commentary on Exodus and definitely the best commentary on the first five minor
prophets. Both of those commentaries are more technical in nature than this
commentary on Ezekiel, but the commentary on Ezekiel is still outstanding. Stuart
always has helpful insight into whatever text he is discussing, and when dealing
with a book as difficult as Ezekiel, such insight is invaluable.
4. Derek Thomas God Strengthens: Ezekiel Simply Explained (Welwyn

Commentary Series, 1993).
For those seeking an introductory level commentary on the book of Ezekiel, the best
place to turn is this commentary by Derek Thomas. Thomas is a Reformed scholar
with a heart for God, for His Word, and for His people that comes through on every
page.
5. Patrick Fairbairn The Visions of Ezekiel (1842).

Patrick Fairbairn was a prominent Scottish Presbyterian of the nineteenth century.
He is most well-known for his books on the interpretation of prophecy and on
typology. In this classic commentary, he puts his principles of interpretation to work,
and the result is a commentary that should still be consulted today. As far as the
cover art on this reprint is concerned, I have no comment.
Ezekiel. Preachers should consult the commentaries by Peter Craigie , John Taylor ,
and Christopher J. H. Wright .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Daniel

The book of Daniel is set within the context of the sixth century exile. The events
narrated in the first six chapters date from the year Nebuchadnezzar deported
Daniel and his friends (605) to the third year of Cyrus (536). This spans the entire
period of the Babylonian exile. The exile was one of the key events in the history of
Israel, and the book of Daniel is set in the midst of this important time of transition
for the people of God. The visions found in the last six chapters of Daniel extend
beyond the Babylonian exile, although how far they extend into the future is a
matter of intense debate. Like Ezekiel, the book of Daniel contains a number of
enigmatic prophecies. And like Ezekiel, the difficult nature of these prophecies has
resulted in a wide variety of conflicting interpretations. The lack of consensus
presents a challenge for the reader, but it is not necessarily an insurmountable one.
An examination of the best commentaries can be helpful in sorting through the
issues. The following are five of the most helpful commentaries on the book of
Daniel.
1. E.J. Young Daniel (1949).
There are a number of good conservative commentaries on the book of Daniel, but I
still find the older work of E.J. Young to be one of the most helpful. When it comes to
the book of Daniel, it is doubtful that any reader will agree with every conclusion of
a single commentator, and I disagree with Young on a few points. Young, however, is
usually the first work I look at when I turn to commentaries on Daniel. Still very
highly recommended.
2. Iain M. Duguid Daniel (Reformed Expository Commentary, 2008).

Turning from a classic Reformed commentary on Daniel to one of the newest, Iain
Duguids work on Daniel in the Reformed Expository Commentary series is an
outstanding reference. This commentary should be of use to both pastors and
general readers.
3. Sinclair Ferguson Daniel (The Preachers Commentary, 2002).

Students of Scripture should read anything that Sinclair Ferguson publishes, and his
commentary on Daniel is no exception. Although aimed specifically at pastors, this
commentary is accessible to a general readership as well. Very helpful.
4. Tremper Longman III Daniel (NIV Application Commentary, 1999).

The NIVAC commentaries are hit and miss. Some are very helpful, while others
overemphasize one or another feature of the series to the neglect of the others.
Longmans commentary on Daniel is an example of one of the better works in the
series. Longmans strength is in his literary analysis, and this is a strength of this
commentary. Highly recommended.
5. Ernest Lucas Daniel (Apollos Old Testament Commentary, 2002).

Although Lucas does not settle firmly on an early or late date for Daniel (He
concludes that it is possible to make a reasonable case for either date), he has
written a commentary that is worth consulting. This commentary is slightly more
technical than the four listed above, but it is not so technical that the average
reader cannot use it. All Hebrew and Aramaic is transliterated. A very good
contribution to the literature on Daniel.
Daniel. On a more introductory level are the works by Joyce Baldwin , James
Montgomery Boice , and Ronald Wallace. Somewhat more in depth, but still
conservative is the work by Allan Harman .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Hosea

Hoseas prophetic ministry to the northern kingdom of Israel likely began soon after
the ministry of the prophet Amos (ca. 752-750). Unlike Amos, Hosea prophesied up
to the point in time just prior to the destruction of Israel (ca. 725-722). His ministry,
then, spanned a period of approximately three decades. Although little is known
about the prophet himself outside of what can be learned from the book that bears
his name, his basic message of judgment and hope is clear. The following are five of
the most helpful commentaries on the book of Hosea.
1. Douglas Stuart Hosea-Jonah (Word Biblical Commentary, 1987).
The single best commentary on the first five minor prophets is the commentary by
Douglas Stuart in the Word Biblical Commentary series. The commentary on Hosea
within this volume is 220 pages of the total. Stuart deals with the details of the text
as well as the big picture. He is especially helpful at tracing the curses and blessings
proclaimed by the prophets back to their Mosaic origin. Very highly recommended.
2. Thomas E. McComiskey The Minor Prophets (2009 [1992]).

Originally published as a three volume set (now available in one volume), this work
contains some very helpful commentaries on the minor prophets. The editor,
Thomas McComiskey, is also the author of the 237 page commentary on Hosea in
the larger work. The layout of the commentary (at least in the old three volume set)
is somewhat unusual. The more technical commentary on the Hebrew text runs
continuously across the top of the page, while explanation runs across the bottom.
Sometimes this requires a lot of back and forth page flipping, but the comments are
well worth it.
3. David Allan Hubbard Hosea (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries,

1989).
The Tyndale Commentary series is one of the most consistently good series
available. Hubbards commentary on Hosea is a good example why. The book is
somewhat longer than one would expect for a commentary in this series on a book
the size of Hosea, but that allows Hubbard to dig deeper into the meaning of the
text. The result is a very valuable introductory level commentary.
4. Derek Kidner The Message of Hosea (The Bible Speaks Today, 1984).
As I have mentioned in previous posts, students of Scripture should read anything
they can by Derek Kidner. His commentaries are models for what introductory level
commentaries should be. His commentary on Hosea is no exception. It is a helpful
introductory level commentary that should be of use to a wide variety of readers.
5. Francis I. Andersen and David Noel Freedman Hosea (Yale Anchor

Bible, 1980).
For those seeking an exhaustive commentary on Hosea, there is probably no better
place to turn than Andersen and Freedmans massive 720 page commentary.
Although written from a slightly critical perspective, this work remains a necessary
resource for those doing in-depth study of the book.
Runners Up: Preachers may find the commentary by Michael Eaton helpful as well.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Joel

While most of the other prophets can be dated with some degree of accuracy, it is
notoriously difficult to date the book of Joel. Suggestions have been offered ranging
from the ninth century to the second century B.C. Among conservative scholars,
three main views are suggested. Some suggest an early pre-exilic date in the late
ninth or early eighth century. Others suggest a late pre-exilic date in the seventh
century. Still others argue that a post-exilic date in the late sixth to the mid fifth
century best explains the content of the book. While evidence for each of these
views has been presented, no one has yet established a decisively compelling
argument for any of them. In my opinion, the case for a late pre-exilic date is the
most persuasive. There are a number of good commentaries on Joel, and the
following are five of the most helpful.

I have already mentioned in my comments on Hosea commentaries that the best
commentary on the first five minor prophets is the commentary by Douglas Stuart
in the Word Biblical Commentary series. Stuart argues that Joel is a late pre-exilic
prophet, a view with which I agree. He also takes a minority view on the
interpretation of Joel chapter 1, seeing the locust invasion as a figurative description
of a human army rather than a literal locust plague. I find his arguments persuasive
on this point. Whether you agree or disagree on that point, however, his
commentary is always worth consulting on these books. Very highly recommended.

Also mentioned in connection with my post on Hosea is the commentary edited by
Thomas McComiskey. The commentary on Joel in this volume was written by the late
Raymond Dillard. I do not agree with Dillards conclusions regarding the date of the
book (He suggests a post-exilic date in the late fifth to mid sixth century) or the
interpretation of the locust plague in chapter 1 (He argues that it is a description of
a literal locust plague), but, nevertheless, his commentary is very useful, especially
on the details of the Hebrew text.
3. David Allan Hubbard Joel & Amos (Tyndale Old Testament

I placed Hubbards commentary on Hosea in third place in my post on Hosea
commentaries. His commentary on Joel also takes the bronze. He is in general

agreement with Dillard on the date of the book and the interpretation of the locust
plague in chapter 1. His commentary, however, is written at a much more
accessible level.
4. O. Palmer Robertson Prophet of the Coming Day of the Lord: The

Message of Joel (Welwyn Commentary Series, 1995).
Also written at an accessible introductory level is the commentary by O. Palmer
Robertson. Robertson places the book in the late ninth or early eighth century, in
the very early pre-exilic period. He appears also to take the majority view of chapter
1, seeing the description of the locust plague as a reference to literal locusts.
Robertsons commentary should be supplemented by his thoughts on the book in
his more recent Christ of the Prophets .
5. Leslie C. Allen The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah (New
In terms of technicality, Allens commentary on Joel falls somewhere in the middle.
The NICOT series is thorough, but it remains generally accessible to most readers. In
his section on Joel, Allen offers a helpful survey of the various arguments for
different dates. Like Dillard, he ultimately decides in favor of an early post-exilic
date. On the interpretation of chapter 1, Allen agrees with the majority view, taking
the description literally. Overall, a helpful commentary.
Joel. The works of Thomas Finley , Irvin Busenitz , and Duane Garrett are all written
from a generally conservative perspectives.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Amos

The prophet Amos ministered during the overlapping reigns of Jeroboam II in Israel
(793-753) and Uzziah in Judah (792-740). His ministry occurred sometime between
760 and 755 B.C. Amos prophesied at a unique time in the history of the divided
kingdom. From approximately 780 to 750, Egypt, Syria, and Assyria did not pose a
serious threat to Israel. During this time, Jeroboam II was able to expand the borders
of Israel, and his successes created economic prosperity for many and a sense of
security as well. During these years, Israel prospered and a powerful and wealthy
upper class emerged who exploited the poor and perverted justice. Although a
native of Judah, Amos prophesied to the northern kingdom of Israel. He preached to
an affluent society that was deeply involved in false worship and in the
mistreatment of the poor. These wealthy and powerful Israelites were confident and
secure. Into the midst of this complacent society comes Amos, declaring that Israel
has broken Gods covenant. There are a number of very good commentaries on
Amos, and the following are five of the best.
I have already mentioned in my posts on Hosea and Joel commentaries that the
best commentary on the first five minor prophets is the commentary by Douglas
Stuart in the Word Biblical Commentary series. Very highly recommended.

Also mentioned in connection with my posts on Hosea and Joel is the commentary
edited by Thomas McComiskey. The commentary on Amos in this volume was
written by Jeff Niehaus. For those doing in-depth work on the book, this one should
be consulted.
3. Shalom M. Paul Amos (Hermeneia, 1990).

I can count on one hand the number of commentaries in the Hermeneia series that I
find very helpful. This one is probably the only one I would enthusiastically
recommend. It is geared toward a more scholarly audience, but it is packed with
helpful insight into the meaning of Amos. Very highly recommended.
4. David Allan Hubbard Joel & Amos (Tyndale Old Testament

Hubbards commentaries on Hosea and Joel are clear and accessible. The same is
true for his commentary on Amos. For those seeking an introductory level
commentary, Hubbard is probably the best place to begin.
5. Francis I. Andersen and David Noel Freedman Amos (Anchor Yale

Bible Commentaries, 1989).
Where to begin. You might not think it possible to write an almost 1000 page
commentary on a book of the Bible that generally takes up less than 10 pages. You
would be wrong. The introduction to the commentary by itself is 178 pages. This
commentary is not for the faint of heart. It is technical and detailed almost beyond
belief, but for those doing in-depth study of Amos, it is a must.
Amos. The works of J. A. Motyer , Gary V. Smith , and James Boice , in particular,
should be useful to many.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Obadiah

The book of Obadiah, the shortest in the Old Testament, is a brief oracle against the
nation of Edom. Its date is uncertain. Scholars have proposed dates ranging from
the ninth century to the post-exilic period. My own view is that it is to be dated in
the early exilic period (ca. 585-580). Like all oracles against the nations, Obadiahs
prophecy indicates that God rules over all nations. Edom represents all nations that
are hostile to God and to his kingdom. Such nations will always be judged. There are
a number of helpful commentaries on Obadiah, and the following are five of the
best.
Having already mentioned Stuarts commentary in two previous posts, there is little
I can add here. It is a must-read. Very highly recommended.

I have also mentioned McComiskeys work in two previous posts. The commentary
on Obadiah in this volume was written by Jeff Niehaus. It is a technical but helpful
study.
3. David W. Baker Joel, Obadiah, Malachi (NIV Application Commentary,

2006).
David W. Baker contributed the commentary on Obadiah to the Tyndale series in
1988. While that is a very helpful introductory commentary, his updated version
in the NIVAC series is preferable, especially for preachers and teachers who find it
difficult to apply the prophetic books to our own present-day context.
4. Irvin Busenitz Joel and Obadiah (Mentor Commentaries, 2003).

Busenitzs commentary on Obadiah in the Mentor series is a very clear and helpful
contribution to the field. It is thorough yet accessible.
I have already mentioned Allens commentary in my post on Joel. It is a slightly
technical work, but it should be accessible to most pastors and laymen.
Obadiah. At a more introductory level are the works by Michael Bentley , James
Boice , and David Field .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Jonah

The style of the book of Jonah is distinctive among the prophetic books. Aside from
portions of the book of Jeremiah and Daniel, all of the other prophetic books focus
primarily on the message of the prophet. The book of Jonah, on the other hand, is a
biographical prose narrative focusing almost exclusively on the prophet himself. The
predominantly narrative style of the book has more in common with the historical
narratives about Elijah and Elisha than it does with the other prophetic books. The
distinctive style of the book of Jonah has raised questions concerning its genre.
Many recent scholars have questioned whether the book was intended to be
understood as a factual historical narrative. Other scholars, however, have observed
that the reasons given for rejecting the historicity of Jonah are generally based on
unproven naturalistic assumptions. These same scholars have made a strong case
for the historicity of the book. There are a number of helpful commentaries on
Jonah, and the following are five of the best.
I have mentioned Stuarts commentary in several previous posts. It is a must-read
on the first five Minor Prophets. On Jonah, Stuart argues for the historicity of the
book.

I have also mentioned McComiskeys work in several previous posts. The
commentary on Jonah in this volume was written by Joyce Baldwin. Baldwin also
questions the arguments of those who identify Jonah as a work of fiction.
3. David W. Baker, T.D. Alexander, & Bruce Waltke Obadiah, Jonah, Micah
(Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1988).
The most helpful introductory level commentary on Jonah is in the Tyndale series.
The commentary on Jonah in this volume is written by T.D. Alexander. It is clear and
concise, and Alexander also argues for the historicity of the events described in the
book.
4. Bryan D. Estelle Salvation Through Judgment And Mercy: The Gospel

According to Jonah (P&R, 2005).
Readers interested in an exposition of Jonah that shows how Jonah points forward to
Christ and the Gospel should consult Estelles recent work. Although a brief work, it
is thorough and thoughtful.
5. Sinclair Ferguson Man Overboard!: The Story of Jonah (Banner of

Truth, 2008).
Like everything written by Sinclair Ferguson, his commentary on Jonah will be a
treasure trove for preachers and teachers. Ferguson exhibits a rare combination
today the insights of one who is both a pastor and a scholar.
Runners Up: There are a number of other notable commentaries on the book of
Jonah. At the introductory and intermediate level are the works of Gordon J. Keddie ,
O. Palmer Robertson , James Montgomery Boice , John Mackay , Franklin Page , and
James Bruckner .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Micah

The ministry of the prophet Micah began during the reign of the Judean king Jotham
(750-732) and lasted until the reign of Hezekiah (729-686). His ministry, unlike that
of Amos or Hosea, overlapped the fall of the northern kingdom. He prophesied the
fall of Israel and lived to witness it. Following the fall of the northern kingdom, Micah
prophesied to the southern kingdom of Judah. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on the book of Micah, and the following are five of the best.
1. Bruce Waltke A Commentary on Micah (Eerdmans, 2007).
Bruce Waltke has written three commentaries on the book of Micah. The first was a
small commentary that appeared in the Tyndale series together with small
commentaries on Obadiah and Jonah. The second was a larger and more technical
commentary that appeared in the set on the Minor Prophets edited by Thomas
McComiskey. This full-length commentary is one step beyond what appeared in the
McComiskey volume. It is technical, and some grasp of Hebrew is recommended in
order to get the full benefit of the work. There is no contemporary commentator,
however, who is more well-versed in the book of Micah than Bruce Waltke. It is a
must-have for serious study of the book.
2. David Prior The Message of Joel, Micah & Habakkuk (The Bible Speaks
Today, 1999).
For those seeking a good introductory level commentary on Micah, there is probably
no better place to start, aside from Waltkes work in the Tyndale series, than with
David Priors volume in the BST series. Highly recommended.
3. Francis Andersen and David Noel Freedman Micah (Anchor Bible,

2000).
Although written from a more critical perspective than Waltke, the commentary on
Micah by Andersen and Freedman is worth consulting by those doing in-depth study
of the book. The commentary, at 637 pages, is exhaustive, touching on every
aspect of the book.
4. John Calvin Sermons on the Book of Micah (P&R Publishing, 2003).

Although, strictly speaking, not a commentary, this volume of sermons on the book
of Micah by the sixteenth-century reformer, John Calvin, should be consulted by all
who are interested in this prophetic book. It will prove especially valuable for
preachers.
I have already mentioned Allens commentary in a couple of previous posts. It is a
slightly technical work, but it should be accessible to most pastors and laymen.
Micah. Among these are the works by Gary Smith , James Boice , Ralph Smith ,
Kenneth Barker , and John Mackay .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Nahum

The prophetic oracles found within the seventh century B.C. book of Nahum concern
Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian empire. Approximately a century before Nahum,
Jonah had been sent to the Ninevites, and they had repented upon hearing the
prophetic word. Their repentance, however, was apparently short lived because
Nahum now addresses a wicked and brutal empire. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on the Book of Nahum, and the following are five of the best.
1. O. Palmer Robertson The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah
(New International Commentary on the Old Testament, 1990).
The best commentary on the Book of Nahum is the volume in the NICOT series by O.
Palmer Robertson. Like most of the commentaries in this series, it is written from a
more conservative perspective and is very accessible. Robertson is also very helpful
at explaining the larger theological themes found within the book. Highly
recommended.

I have mentioned the commentary edited by Thomas McComiskey several times in
previous posts. The commentary on Nahum in this volume was written by Tremper
Longman III. Like the other commentaries in this volume, this one is somewhat
technical and requires some knowledge of Hebrew. Very helpful on literary aspects
of the text.
3. David W. Baker Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah (Tyndale Old Testament

For those seeking an introductory level commentary, the best one available is the
volume in the Tyndale series by David W. Baker. It is very brief, but readers will get
the big picture.
4. Kenneth L. Barker and Waylon Bailey Micah Nahum, Habakkuk,

Zephaniah (New American Commentary, 1998).
At about the same level of difficulty as the NICOT volume, the volume in the NAC
series by Barker and Bailey is also a helpful commentary. It is also just as accessible
as the NICOT volume. It is not quite as helpful as the NICOT volume, however, on
theological issues.
5. Ralph Smith Micah-Malachi (Word Biblical Commentary, 1984).

Ralph Smiths commentary on the last seven books of the Minor Prophets is not
nearly as helpful as Douglas Stuarts commentary on the first five Minor Prophets in
the same commentary series, but it is still worth consulting.
Nahum. At an introductory level are the works by John Mackay and James
Montgomery Boice . Pastors may find the volume by James Bruckner in the NIVAC
series helpful. At a more advanced level is the work by Klaas Spronk .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Habakkuk

The prophet Habakkuk lived at the end of the seventh century during the period of
time when the Assyrian empire was faltering and the Babylonian empire was on the
rise (625-605). He likely prophesied between 609 and 605, during the reign of the
Judean king Jehoiakim in the last days of Assyrias long period of imperial
dominance. The book of Habakkuk has a unique structure among the prophetic
books with its inclusion of prophetic dialogues with God and its inclusion of a
complete psalm. As his book reveals, Habakkuk understands why God is punishing
his disobedient people, but he does not understand why God is using a wicked
nation as his instrument of judgment. The book deals with this question and the
required response of faithful trust in God. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on the Book of Habakkuk, and the following are five of the best.
Readers of this blog will notice that my top 5 suggestions for Habakkuk
commentaries is identical to my top 5 suggestions for Nahum commentaries. As
mentioned previously, Robertson is very helpful at explaining the larger theological
themes found within these books. Highly recommended.

The commentary on Habakkuk in this volume was written by F.F. Bruce, who is
always insightful. The commentary is technical and requires some knowledge of
Hebrew. It is very helpful.

For those seeking an introductory level commentary on Habakkuk, the best one
available is the volume in the Tyndale series by David W. Baker. Although very brief,
it does communicate the main ideas very well.

theological issues.

Habakkuk. At an introductory level are the works by John Mackay , James
Montgomery Boice , David Prior, and Walter Chantry . Pastors will find the NIVAC
commentary by James Bruckner useful. At a more advanced level is the work by
Francis Andersen .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Zephaniah

The book of the prophet Zephaniah indicates that he ministered during the reign of
Josiah (640-609), the last of the godly kings of Judah (cf. Zeph. 1:1). He likely
prophesied sometime between 622 and 612 B.C. Just as Amos had prophesied about
the imminent coming of the Day of the Lord upon Israel, Zephaniah now predicts
the imminent coming of the Day of the Lord upon Judah. Zephaniah, however, does
not stop there. He also looks forward to the future time of restoration, and in the
third chapter of his book (verse 17), he includes a prophecy that O. Palmer
Robertson calls the John 3:16 of the O.T. There are a number of helpful
commentaries on the Book of Zephaniah, and the following are five of the best.
Readers of this blog will notice that my top 5 suggestions for Zephaniah
commentaries are identical to my top 5 suggestions for Nahum and Habakkuk
commentaries. As mentioned previously, Robertson is very helpful at explaining the
larger theological themes found within these books. Highly recommended.

The commentary on Zephaniah in this volume was written by Alec Motyer, an
outstanding Old Testament scholar who has written exceptional commentaries on
books such as Exodus and Isaiah. This commentary is fairly technical and requires
some knowledge of Hebrew. It is very helpful.

For those seeking an introductory level commentary on Zephaniah, the best one
available is the volume in the Tyndale series by David W. Baker. Although very brief,
it does communicate the main ideas very well.

theological issues.

Zephaniah. At an introductory level are the works by John Mackay , James
Montgomery Boice , and Daniel Webber . Pastors will find the NIVAC commentary by
James Bruckner useful. The helpful commentary by Richard Patterson that used to
be in the Wycliffe series is now back in print.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Haggai

The exile was a major turning point in the history of Israel. Judah and Jerusalem had
fallen to the armies of Nebuchadnezzar. Many of the people of the land had been
taken captive to Babylon, while others had fled to Egypt and parts unknown. A small
number of the poor had remained behind in Judah. The ultimate curse of the
covenant had been realized. After centuries of prophetic warnings, the death
penalty had been carried out on Israel. The land was in ruins, and the people were
in exile. In 539 B.C., however, Babylon fell to the Persians, and in 538, Cyrus issued
a decree permitting the exiled Jews to return to Judah and rebuild the temple. Were
the prophecies of restoration now to be fulfilled? Would the messianic kingdom of
God now be established? These are the questions faced by the post-exilic prophets.
It was almost twenty years after the decree of Cyrus when the prophet Haggai was
called to bring the word of God to the people of Jerusalem in 520 B.C. Following the
return from Babylon, the people had begun well, completing the rebuilding of the
altar in 537 and preparing the temple foundation in 536. Opposition and other
problems, however, had caused discouragement to set in, and work on the temple
had ceased for over fifteen years. The people became occupied with their own
personal concerns and the temple remained in ruins. Haggai called on the people to
get their priorities straight. There are a number of helpful commentaries on the
Book of Haggai, and the following are five of the best.
The commentary on Haggai in this volume was written by Alec Motyer, one of the
most insightful and helpful Old Testament scholars alive today. When you see a book
by Motyer, you know it will be well worth your time to read it. This commentary on
Haggai is such a book. NOTE: It is technical and assumes some knowledge of
Hebrew.
2. Pieter Verhoef The Books of Haggai and Malachi (New International

Verhoefs commentary on Haggai in the NICOT series is somewhat more technical
than most of the NICOT commentaries, but it is less technical than Motyers,
mentioned above. It remains accessible to the non-specialist. For those who lack a
knowledge of Hebrew, and are seeking a thorough commentary on Haggai, this
volume is highly recommended.
3. Joyce Baldwin Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (Tyndale Old Testament

For those seeking an introductory level commentary on Haggai, the best available is
the one by Baldwin in the Tyndale series. Like all of her commentaries, it is clear and
concise without being shallow.
4. John Mackay Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi (Focus on the Bible,

2003).
Another very helpful introductory level commentary on Haggai is the one by John
Mackay in the Focus on the Bible series. Mackays commentary will be particularly
helpful for pastors seeking a way to communicate the meaning of this book to a
contemporary audience.

Haggai including those by T.V. Moore , Michael Bentley , Mark Boda , James Boice ,
and Richard Taylor .
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Zechariah

The book of Zechariah is the lengthiest of the so-called Minor Prophets and one of
the most difficult books in the Old Testament. The historical context of the book is
identical to that of Haggai. The first eight chapters of Zechariah contain date
references ranging from October of 520 B.C. to December of 518 B.C. Chapters 9-14
do not contain any date references. Zechariah deals with a number of important
themes, the most significant being the restoration of Israel. He encourages the
people with the promise that Jerusalem and the temple will be rebuilt and that this
rebuilding will have worldwide significance. God will once again manifest his
presence among his people and cleanse them from their sin. He will overcome their
sin and rebellion through a coming Messiah. Zechariahs visions and oracles teach
the people that although the restoration from exile has already begun, it has not yet
reached its full consummation. There are a number of helpful commentaries on the
Book of Zechariah, and the following are five of the best.
1. Richard D. Phillips Zechariah (Reformed Expository Commentary,
2007).
Readers of this blog will notice that most of the commentaries listed here were also
listed as the top 5 on the book of Haggai. The one difference is the volume in the
number 1 slot. Richard Phillips commentary on Zechariah combines pastoral
sensitivity with scholarly depth, all the while remaining accessible to laymen. That is
a considerable feat with a book as difficult as Zechariah. Highly recommended.

The commentary on Zechariah in this volume was written by Thomas McComiskey
himself. As with the other commentaries in this volume, it is fairly technical, and
parts of the commentary require some knowledge of Hebrew. Very helpful.

For those seeking an introductory level commentary on Zechariah, the best
available is the one by Baldwin in the Tyndale series. Like all of her commentaries, it
is clear and concise without being shallow.

2003).
Another very helpful introductory level commentary on Zechariah is the one by John

Haggai including those by T.V. Moore , Michael Bentley , Mark Boda , James Boice ,
Barry Webb , and George Klein .
Although not a commentary on the entire book, Glory in Our Midst by Meredith Kline
is also well worth consulting.
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Malachi
The book of Malachi is the last of the twelve Minor Prophets, and little is known of
the author himself aside from what may be inferred from the contents of his book.
Unlike Haggai and Zechariah, Malachi prophesied some time after the completion of
the temple in 515 B.C. In fact, it appears that Malachi prophesied over fifty years
after Haggai and Zechariah. Like Haggai and Zechariah, Malachi ministered during a
difficult period of time, but the problems he faced were slightly different. It had
been decades since the temple had been completed, yet the glories of the
messianic kingdom had not arrived as expected. But neither had the people lived up
to the stipulations of Gods law (cf. Nehemiah). Politically, Israel was a minor
province in the massive Persian empire. The nation was suffering from economic
and agricultural problems. The most serious problem, however, from the prophets
perspective was spiritual. Idolatry was apparently no longer a serious problem, but
the people lacked zeal for the Lord. Spiritual discouragement and apathy were
rampant. Malachi was called into this situation to explain the delay in the fulfillment
of Gods restoration promises. There are a number of helpful commentaries on the
Book of Malachi, and the following are five of the best.
The commentary on Malachi in this volume was written by Douglas Stuart, whose
WBC volume on Hosea - Jonah is outstanding. This commentary continues that
excellence. One only wishes he would write commentaries on the rest of the Minor
Prophets. As mentioned in previous posts, the McComiskey volume is somewhat
technical.
2. Pieter Verhoef The Books of Haggai and Malachi (New International

Verhoefs commentary on Malachi in the NICOT series is somewhat more technical
than most of the NICOT commentaries, but it is less technical than Stuarts,
mentioned above. It remains accessible to the non-specialist. For those who lack a
knowledge of Hebrew, and are seeking a thorough commentary on Malachi, this
volume is highly recommended.

For those seeking an introductory level commentary on Malachi, the best available
is the one by Baldwin in the Tyndale series. Like all of her commentaries, it is clear
and concise without being shallow.

2003).
Another very helpful introductory level commentary on Malachi is the one by John

Malachi including those by T.V. Moore , James Boice , Richard Taylor , David Baker ,
John Benton , and Walter Kaiser .

Top 5 Commentaries On The Books of The Old Testament

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Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Genesis

from Keith Mathison

4. Allen P. Ross Creation and Blessing (1988).

5. John H. Walton Genesis (NIV Application Commentary, 2001).

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Exodus

3. John L. Mackay Exodus (A Mentor Commentary, 2001).

4. Philip Graham Ryken Exodus (Preaching the Word, 2005).

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Leviticus

2. John E. Hartley Leviticus (Word Biblical Commentary, 1992).

3. Mark F. Rooker Leviticus (New American Commentary, 2000).

4. Jacob Milgrom Leviticus (Continental Commentary, 2004).

5. Baruch A. Levine Leviticus (JPS Torah Commentary, 1989).

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Numbers

consider his commentaries on Genesis and Leviticus the best available

2. Timothy R. Ashley The Book of Numbers (The New International

3. R. Dennis Cole Numbers (The New American Commentary, 2000).

4. Jacob Milgrom Numbers (The JPS Torah Commentary, 1990).

5. Iain M. Duguid Numbers (Preaching the Word, 2006).

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Deuteronomy

2. J.G. McConville Deuteronomy (Apollos Old Testament Commentary,

3. J.A. Thompson Deuteronomy (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries,

4. John D. Currid Deuteronomy (EP Study Commentary, 2006).

5. Jeffrey H. Tigay Deuteronomy (JPS Torah Commentary, 1996).

Runners Up: There are a number of other commentaries on the Book of

2. Richard S. Hess Joshua (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1996).

3. David M. Howard Joshua (New American Commentary, 1998).

4. Marten Woudstra The Book of Joshua (New International Commentary

5. Trent C. Butler Joshua (Word Biblical Commentary, 1983).

2. Daniel I. Block Judges, Ruth (New American Commentary, 1999).

3. K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Judges, Ruth (NIV Application Commentary,

5. Michael Wilcock The Message of Judges (The Bible Speaks Today,

2. Daniel I. Block Judges, Ruth (New American Commentary, 1999).

3. Frederic W. Bush. Ruth, Esther (Word Biblical Commentary, 1996).

4. Iain M. Duguid Esther & Ruth (Reformed Expository Commentary,

5. K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Judges, Ruth (NIV Application Commentary,

Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Samuel

Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 &

3. Ronald F. Youngblood. 1 & 2 Samuel (Expositors Bible Commentary, 1984).

4. Joyce Baldwin 1 & 2 Samuel (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1988).

5. Bill T. Arnold 1 & 2 Samuel (NIV Application Commentary, 2003).

Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Kings

2. Paul R. House 1, 2 Kings (New American Commentary, 1995).

3. Iain W. Provan. 1 and 2 Kings (New International Biblical

4. Donald J. Wiseman 1 & 2 Kings (Tyndale Old Testament

5. Mordechai Cogan (and Hayim Tadmor) 1 Kings , 2 Kings (Anchor Yale

Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful

Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of 1 & 2 Chronicles

2. Richard L. Pratt 1 & 2 Chronicles (Mentor Commentary, 1998).

3. Martin Selman. 1 Chronicles , 2 Chronicles (Tyndale Old Testament

4. Andrew E. Hill 1 & 2 Chronicles (NIV Application Commentary, 2003).

5. Sara Japhet 1 & 2 Chronicles (Old Testament Library, 1993).

Runners Up: There are a number of other helpful commentaries on 1 & 2

Top 5 Commentaries on the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah

2. H.G.M. Williamson Ezra/Nehemiah (Word Biblical Commentary, 1985).

consulted in conjunction with Fenshams work. There is more technical information

3. Derek Kidner. Ezra & Nehemiah (Tyndale Old Testament

4. Mervin Breneman Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (New American

Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Esther

2. Joyce Baldwin Esther (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, 1984).

3. Iain Duguid. Esther and Ruth (Reformed Expository Commentary,

4. Frederic Bush Ruth/Esther (Word Biblical Commentary, 1996).

5. Mervin Breneman Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther (New American