1. What is the watts output of a 25-hp motor at full load?

PO= hp x 746
= 25 x 746
=18 650 W
= 18.65 kW
2. A 150-kw generator has an efficiency of 91 percent at full load. Calculate the
input in kilowatts and the power loss.
PO = 150kw
Efficiency = 91%
Pi = PO / ef
= 150000 / 0.91
= 164.84 kW

Ploss = (PO (100) / % ef) - PO

= (150000(100) / 91) - 150000
= 14.84 kW

3. A 15-hp motor operates at an efficiency of 87.5 percent at full load. If the

stray power loss is approximately one-fourth of the total loss, calculate the
copper loss.
PO = 15hp
Efficiency = 87.5%
stray power loss = of total loss
Pi = PO / ef = 15(746)/0.875 = 12.79 kW
Total P loss = Pi - Po
= 12788.6 11190
= 1598.6 W
Stray power loss = (1/4)(1598.6)
= 399.6 W
Copper loss = total loss stray power loss
= 1598.6 399.6
= 1198.96 W = 1200W
4. The rotational loss in a generator was found to be 780 watts when the
generated emf was 132 volts. Determine the rotational loss for generated
voltages of 138 and 126 volts.
Rotational loss = 780 W
EMF = 132 volts
If EMF = 138 volts; rotational loss =?
If EMF = 126 volts; rotational loss =?
780/132 = x1/138
780/132 = x2/126
X1 = 815.45 volts
x2=744.54 volts

5. Referring to examples 3 and 4, pages 189-190, make a table similar to the

one there and calculate the efficiencies for line currents of 5, 10, 15, 20, and
25 amp, assuming the following changes: line volts = 500; shunt-field

resistance = 500 ohms; armature and series-field resistance = 1.6 ohms;

brush drop (assumed) = 3 volts.
Line volts
Current A
Line
Shunt field
Armature
Generated
volts
Losses Watts
Stray
power
Armature
Series
field
Shunt field
Brush
contact
TOTAL
LOSSES:
Power output
Power input
%, efficiency

500

500

500

500

500

5
1
6
512.6

10
1
11
520.6

15
1
16
528.6

20
1
21
536.6

25
1
26
544.6

513

522

531

541

548

58
58

193
193

410
410

705
705

1082
1082

500
18

500
33

500
48

500
63

500
78

1147

1442

1899

2513

3290

2500
3647
68.5

5000
6442
77.6

7500
9399
79.8

10000
12513
79.9

12500
15790
79.16

6. The output torque of a motor is 69.2 lb-ft when it operates at 950 rpm.
Calculate the losses in the machine and its efficiency if, under this condition,
the power input is 10,900 watts.
T = 69.2 lb ft
Rpm = 950 rpm
Pi = 10 900 kW
Hp = 2(rpm)(T)/33000
=2(950)(69.2)/33000
=12.5 hp
Po= 12.5 x 746 = 9325 W Ploss = Pi Po = 10900 9325 = 1575 W
Ef = Po/Pi x 100 = 9325/10900 x 100 = 85.55%
7. What should be the full-load horsepower rating of a motor that drives a 50-kw
generator whose efficiency is 89.5 percent?
Generator:
Po = 50 kW
Ef = 89.5%
Pi = Po/ef = 50000/0.895
= 55865.9 W
HPi = 55865.9/746 = 74.89 hp

8. If the over-all efficiency of the motor-generator set of Problem 7 is 78 percent,

calculate: (a) the efficiency of the motor; (b) the total losses in the motorgenerator set; (c) the losses in each machine.
a. Ef = 78%
Hpi = 64102.6/746 = 85.93 hp
Ef=Po/Pi
efm = (74.89)(746)/(85.93)(746) x 100
0.78 = 50000/Pi
= 87.15%
Pi = 64102.6 W
b. Efg = 89.5%
Efm= 87.15%
PoG = 50 000 W
HPoM = 74.89 hp

Efgen = Po/Po + Plossgen

Plossgen = (Po (efgen)(Po))/efgen
= ((50000)-(0.895)(50000))/0.895
=8200.8 W

Total Power loss = 8200.8 + 5865.92

= 14066.72 W
c. Plosses M = 8200.8 W
Plosses G = 5865.92 W

9. A 10-kw 220-volt compound generator is operated at no load at the proper

armature voltage and speed, from which the stray-power loss calculations are
determined to be 705 watts. The shunt-field resistance is 110 ohms, the
armature resistance is 0.265 ohm, and the series-field resistance is 0.035
ohm. Assume a 2-volt brush drop and calculate the full-load efficiency.
Given: Po = 10 000W
V = 220 volts
Stray power loss = 705 W
RSH = 110 ohms
RA = 0.265 ohm
RSE = 0.035 ohm
EB = 2 volts
IL = 10000/220 = 45.45 A IA = ISE
47.45 A
Ish = 220/110 = 2A
LOSSES
Stray power
loss
Shunt field
Series field
Armature

WATTS
705
(220)(2) = 440
(47.45)2(0.035) =
78.8
(47.45)2(0.265) =
596.6

Brush

(2)(47.45) = 94.9
Total: 1915.3 W

Ef = (1- (Ploss)/(Po + Ploss)) x 100

= (1 (1915.3)/(10000+1915.3)) x 100
= 83.92 %
10.If the maximum efficiency of the generator of Problem 9 occurs when the sum
of the copper loss in the armature and series field is equal to the sum of the
stray-power loss and the shunt-field loss, calculate: (a) the armature current;
(b) the line current; (c) the kilowatt output; (d) the maximum efficiency.
Copper loss = total power loss stray power loss
Copper loss = 1915.3 705 = 1210.3 W
Series field = stray power loss + shunt field = 705 + 440 = 1145 W
a. ISH = 220/110 = 2 amp
P = I2 R
IA = P/R = 1145/(0.265 + 0.035) = 61.78 amp
b. IA = IL + ISH
IL = IA ISH = 61.7 2 = 59.7 amp
c. PO = vi
=(220)(59.78) = 13.1516 kW
d. Ef = Pi/Po

11.A 250-volt shunt generator has a rated armature current of 40 amp and the
following losses at full load: friction and windage = 200 watts; core loss =
260 watts; shunt-field loss = 100 watts; brush contact loss = 80 watts;
armature copper loss = 400 watts. Assuming that the maximum efficiency
occurs when the approximated constant losses are equal to those losses that
vary as the square of the load, calculate the armature current for the
condition of maximum efficiency.
Given: 250 volts; 40 amp
Friction & windage loss = 200 W
Core loss = 260 W
Shunt-field loss = 100 W
Brush contact loss = 80 W
Armature copper loss = 400 W
Total losses = 200 + 260 + 100 + 80 + 400 = 1040 W
Power output = (250)(40) = 10000 W

Power input = PO + Plosses = 11040 W

Max ef = Po/Pi
Po = 11040

Po = VIA
IA = PO/V
IA = 11040/250 = 442 amp

12.A 25-kw series generator has an efficiency of 85 per cent when operating at
rated load. If the stray-power loss is 20 per cent of the full-load loss, calculate
the efficiency of the generator when it is delivering a load of 15kw, assuming
that the stray-power loss is substantially constant and the other losses vary
as the square of the load.

13.The following information is given in connection with a long-shunt compound

generator; E = 220 volts; output = 20kw; stray-power loss = 705 watts; R SH =
110ohms; RA = 0.265 ohm; RSE = 0.035 ohm; brush drop = 3 volts. Calculate
the efficiency.

Stray power loss = 705 W

RSH = 110 ohms
RA = 0.265 ohm
RSE = 0.035 ohm
EB = 3 volt
PO = 20 kW
V = 220 volts
IL = 20000/220 = 90.91 amp
ISH
IA = ISE = 92.91 amp
LOSSES
Stray power
loss
Shunt field
Series field
Armature

= 220/110 = 2 amp
WATTS
705
(2)2(110) = 440
(92.91)2(0.035) =
302.13
(92.922)(0.265) =
2287.6
(3)(92.91) = 278.73
4013.46

Brush contact
TOTAL:
Efficiency = (1-Ploss/ (Po + Ploss)) x100
= (1-4013.46/(20000 + 4013.96)) x 100

= 83.29%

14.A 250-volt shunt generator has a full-load armature current of 40 amp, under
which condition the losses are: friction + windage = 200 watts; shunt field =
100 watts; core = 260 watts; brush contact = 120 watts; armature copper =
400 watts. For operation at maximum efficiency, when the constant losses
are equal to those losses that vary as the square of the load, calculate: (a)
the armature and line currents; (b) the load power; (c) the maximum
efficiency.
15.Referring to Example 7, p.192, make a table similar to the one given and
calculate the efficiencies for armature currents of 11, 22, 33, 44, and 55 amp,
assuming the following changes: line volts = 460; shunt-field resistance =
230 ohms; armature and interpole resistance = 0.72 ohm; series field
resistance = 0.12 ohm; brush drop = 3 volts.
Line volts
Current A
Line
Shunt field
Armature
Generated
volts
Losses Watts
Stray
power
Armature
Series
field
Shunt field
Brush
contact
TOTAL
LOSSES:
Power output
Power input
%, efficiency

460

460

460

460

460

11
2
9
469.5

22
2
20
477.4

33
2
31
485.3

44
2
42
493.2

55
2
53
501.2

1168

1135

1110

1088

1064

58
10

288
48

692
115

1270
212

2022
337

920
27

920
60

920
93

920
126

920
159

2183

2451

2930

3616

4502

5060
2877
56.86

10120
7669
75.78

15180
12250
80.7

20240
16624
82.13

25300
20798
82.2

16.A 20-hp motor has an efficiency of 88.5 per cent and operates continuously to
drive a ventilator at full load. Calculate: (a) the power loss; (b) the energy
loss per month, assuming operation for 200 hours during that period; (c) the
cost of the energy loss at 1 cents per kilowatt-hour.
PO = 20 hp x 746 = 14920 W
Ef = 88.5%
a. Ploss = (Po)(100)/ef PO = (14920)(100)/88.5 14920 = 1.94 kW

b. Hours used per month = 200 hours

Kwh loss = (Wlosses)(hours)
= (1938.8)(200) = 387.76 kwh
c. Cost of energy loss = (388 kwh)(0.015 cents / kwh ) = $5.82
17.What saving would be made per year in energy cost if the motor in Problem
16 had an efficiency of 91.5 per cent?
Ploss = (Po)(100)/ef Po = (14920)(100)/91.5 14920 = 1.386 kW
Kwh = 1386(200) = 277.2 kwh
Cost of energy loss = (277.2 kwh)(0.015 cents/kwh) = $4.158
$5.82 - $4.158 = $1.662 x 12months = $19.944
18.An enclosed motor has a rating of 50 hp. The cover plates are removed, and
the machine is located where it is capable of cooling itself extremely well. If
tests show that it can carry 28 per cent more load without excessive heating,
what rating should be given the motor?
Hpo = 50 hp
28% more load
Rating of motor = 50(0.28) = 14 hp
14hp + 50 = 64 hp
19.A 230/115-volt three wire generator delivers the following loads: 65kw at 230
volts; 35kw at 115 volts between the positive and neutral lines. Calculate: (a)
the total kilowatt load delivered by the generator; (b) the current in the
positive line; (c) the current in the negative line; (d) the current and its
direction in the neutral line.

a.
b.
c.
d.

Given: 230 volts = 65 kW

115 volts = 35 kW
115 volts = 25 kW
Total kW = 65 + 35 + 25 = 125 kW
Ipositive = I230 + I115 = 65 kW/230 volts + 35 kW/ 230 volts = 586.96 amp
Inegative = I230 + I115 = 65 kW/230 volts + 25 kW/115 volts = 500 amp
Inegative = Ipositive Inegative = 586.96 500 = 86.96 amp (towards the coil)

20.If the generator in Problem 19 delivers the same total load, except that the
two 115-volt loads are balanced with respect to each other, calculate the line
and neutral currents.
65 kW = 230 volts
35 kW = 115 volts; between positive and neutral lines
25 kW = 115 volts; between negative and neutral line
I230 = 65000/230 = 282.61 amp
I115+ = 35000/115 = 304.35 amp

I115- = 25000/115 = 217.39 amp

IL = (I115+ + I115-)/2 + I230 = (304.35 + 217.39)/2 + 202.61 = 543.48 amp
IN = 0 amp
21.The generator in Problem 19 delivers a total of 160kw. If the current in the
positive wire is equal to the sum of the currents in the negative and neutral
wires, calculate the three kilowatt loads.
I+ = I- + IN eqn 1
160000 = 230I+ + 115IN eqn 2
160000 = 230I+ + 230I- eqn 3

Eqn 2 eqn 3
eqn 5
160000 = 230I+ + 115IN
115IN 230I160000 = 230I+ + 230I160000 = -230I- - 345IN
0 = 115 IN 230I- eqn 4
160000 = 460IN
IN = 347.83 amp
521.75 amp

eqn 1 x 230 eqn 2

eqn 4

0 = 230I+ - 230I- + 230IN

0=

160000 = 230I+ + 115IN

-160000 = -230I- - 345 IN eqn 5

I- = 115(347.83)/230 = 173.93 amp

I+ = 173.93 + 347.83 =

Using KCL:
I+ + I230 I115+ = 0
I115+ - I230 = 521.75 - eqn a

I115+ - I115- - IN = 0
I115- - I230 = II115+ - IN = 347.83 eqn b I115- - I230 = 173.92 eqn c

Eqn a eqn b
I115+ - I230 = 521.75
115(173.92 + I230)
I115+ - IN = 347.83
-I230 + I115- = 173.92

160000 = 230I230 + 115I115+ + 115I115160000 = 230I230 + 115(521.75 + I230) +

160000 = 460I230 + 80000
I230 = (160000-80000)/460 = 173.91 amp

I115+ = 521.75 + I230 = 695.66 amp

I115- = 123.92 + I230 = 347.83 amp

Final answers:
P230 = 230I230 = 230(173.91) = 40 000 W

P115+ = 115I115+ = 115(695.66) = 80 000 W

P115- = 115I115- = 115(347.83) = 40 000 W

22.A dynamometer has an output rating of 0.16 amp at 500 volts, under which
condition it takes 11 amp from a 12-volt storage battery. Calculate the
efficiency.
I = 0.16 ampV = 500 volts
11 amp from 12 volts
PO = (0.16)(500) = 80 W
Pi = (11)(12) = 132 W
Ef = Po/Pi x 100 = 80/132 x 100 = 60.61%
23.A dynamometer has low-voltage input and high-voltage output windings
whose resistances are, respectively, 0.1 ohm and 4 ohms, and the highvoltage winding has 7 times as many conductors as the low-voltage
winding. If the machine delivers a current of 0.5 amp at 180 volts, under
which condition the core + friction + windage loss is 35 watts, calculate the
input current and voltage.
Output: R = 4 ohm
Input: R = 0.1 ohm
I = 0.5 amp
I=?
V = 180 volts
V=?
P = 35 W
V = E IR = 180 (0.5)(4) = 178 volts
P = VI
I = 35/178 = 0.19662(7.5)
Iinput = (0.19662)(7.5) = 1.4746 amp
V = IR = (1.4746)(0.1) = 0.14746 volts
24.A 35-hp 230-volt shunt motor has a full-load armature current rating of 135
amp and an armature resistance, including brushes, of 0.125 ohm. The
accelerating resistors in the automatic starter to which the machine is
connected have a total resistance of 0.73 ohm. Calculate the ohmic value of a
plugging resistor that should be placed in series with the acceleration
resistors to limit the inrush armature current to 1.5 times its full-load value at
the instant the motor is plugged. Assume that the counter emf is 80 per cent
of the impressed voltage.

Rp = (230 + (0.8)(230))/(1.5)(135) = 2.044 0.125

0.73
= 1.19 ohms

25.For the motor of Problem 24, calculate the ohmic value of a dynamic-braking
resistor that will limit the inrush armature current to 2.5 times its rated value.
Rdynamic-breaking = Ec/Ia Ra = 0.8(230)/2.5(135) 0.125 = 0.42 ohm