Calculus-II

Differential Equations

Exercises 1

Separable Equations
1 dx + e3x dy = 0
2

dy
dx

(Answer: y = cx4 )

(Answer: 3e2y = 2e3x + c)

2
= y+1
(Answer: 13 x3 lnx 19 x3 = 21 y 2 + 2y + ln|y| + c)
x

= e3x+2y

3 yln(x) dx
dy

4 cosec(y)dx + sec2 (x)dy = 0

(Answer: 4cosy = 2x + sin(2x) + c)

5 (ey + 1)2 ey dx + (ex + 1)3 ex dy

(Answer: (ex + 1)2 + 2(ey + 1)1 = c)

1
1+ x

dy
= y xy,
y(1) = 1 (Answer: y = e x
)
6 x2 dx

7 1 y 2 dx 1 x2 dy = 0, y(0) = 23 (Answer: y = 12 x +

3
2

1 x2 )

Homogeneous Equations
1 ydx + (x +

(Answer: 4x = y(ln|y| c)2 )

xy)dy = 0

2 (y 2 + yx)dx x2 dy = 0
dy
3 xy 2 dx
= y 3 x3 ,

(Answer: x + yln|x| = cy)

y(1) = 2
y

4 (x + ye x )dx xe x dy = 0,

(Answer: y 3 + 3x3 ln|x| = 8x3 )

y

(Answer: ln|x| = e x 1)

y(1) = 0.

Exact Equations Solve the following equations if they are exact.

5 2
2x

1 (5x + 4y)dx + (4x 8y 3 )dy = 0

(Answer:

2 (x2 y 2 )dx + (x2 2xy)dy = 0

(Answer: not exact)

3 (yln(y) exy )dx + ( y1 + xln(y))dy = 0

4 (x2 y 3

1
) dx
1+9x2 dy

+ x3 y 2 = 0

+ 4xy 2y 4 = c)

(Answer: not Exact)

(Answer: x3 y 3 tan1 (3x) = c)

5 (y 2 cos(x) 3x2 y 2x)dx + (2ysinx x3 + lny)dy = 0,

x2 + yln|y| y = 0)
6 (x + y)2 dx + (2xy + x2 1)dy = 0,

y(1) = 1.

y(0) = e

(Answer:

1 3
3x

(Answer: y 2 sinx x3 y

+ x2 y + xy 2 y = 34 )

Equations Reducible to exact by finding Integrating Factor

1 6xydx + (4y + 9x2 )dy = 0

(Answer: 3x2 y 3 + y 4 = c)

E-mail address: quanita.kiran@seecs.nust.edu.pk (Dr. Quanita Kiran),

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad,
Pakistan.

2 (10 6y + e3x )dx 2dy = 0

3 xdx + (x2 y + 4y)dy = 0,

(Answer: 2ye3x +

y(4) = 0.

10 3x
3 e

+ x = c)

(Answer: ey (x2 + 4) = 20)

Linear Equations
dy
1 x dx
y = x2 sinx

(Answer: y = cx xcosx)

2 x2 y 0 + x(x + 2)y = ex

(Answer: y = 12 x2 ex + cx2 ex )

3 ydx 4(x + y 6 )dy = 0

(Answer: x = 2y 6 + cy 4 )

dy
+ y = lnx,
4 (x + 1) dx

y(1) = 10.

(Answer: (x + 1)y = xln|x| x + 21)

Bernoullis Equation
dy
1 x dx
+y =

dy
dx

1
y2

(Answer: y 3 = 1 + cx3 )

= y(xy 3 1)

dy
3 x2 dx
2xy = 3y 4 ,

(Answer: y 3 = x +
y(1) =

1
2

1
3

+ ce3x )

(Answer: y 3 = 59 x1 +

49 6
5 x )

Mathematical Modeling
1 The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of
people present at time t. If an initial population P0 has doubled in 5 years, how long will it
take to triple? To quadruple? (Answer: 7.9 year; 10 year)
2 The population of a town grows at a rate proportional to the population present at time t. The
initial population of 500 increases by 15% in 10 years. What will be the population in 30 years?
How fast is the population growing at t = 30? (Answer: 760; approx 11 person/year)
3 The radioactive isotope of lead, P b 209, decays at a rate proportional to the amount present
at time t and has a halflife of 3.3 hours. If 1 gram of this isotope is present initially, how long
will it take for 90% of the lead to decay? (Answer: 11 hour)
4 A small metal bar, whose initial temperature was 20C, is dropped into a large container of boiling
water. How long will it take the bar to reach 90C if it is known that its temperature increases 2
in 1 second? How long will it take the bar to reach 98C? (Answer: approx 82.1 sec; approx 145.7 sec)
5 A large tank is filled to capacity with 500 gallons of pure water. Brine containing 2 pounds of
salt per gallon is pumped into the tank at a rate of 5gal/min. The well mixed solution is
pumped out at the same rate. Find the number A(t) of pounds of salt in the tank at time
t
t. (Answer: A(t) = 1000 1000e 100 )
6 A 30-volt electromotive force is applied to an LR series circuit in which the inductance is 0.1
henry and the resistance is 50 ohms. Find the current i(t) if i(0) = 0. Determine the current
as t becomes very large. (Answer: i(t) = 53 35 e500t ; i 35 as t )
7 A 100-volt electromotive force is applied to an RC series circuit in which the resistance is 200
ohms and the capacitance is 104 farad. Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor if q(0) = 0.
1
1 50t
Find the current i(t). (Answer: q(t) = 100
100
e
; i(t) = 21 e50t )
2

8 A differential equation describing the velocity v of a falling mass subject to air resistance proportional to the instantaneous velocity is , where k > 0 is a constant of proportionality.
The positive direction is downward. Solve the equation subject to the initial condition
kt
mg
m )
v(0) = v0 . (Answer: v(t) = mg
k + (v0 k )e