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UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Mechanical Fluids Lab
Report Sheet
Objectives
- To verify Bernoulli's equation by demonstrating the
relationship between pressure head and kinetic head.
Introduction:
The flow of a fluid has to conform with a number of
scientific principles in particular the conservation of mass
and the conservation of energy. The first of these when
applied to a liquid flowing through a conduit requires that
for steady flow the velocity will be inversely proportional
to the flow area. The second requires that if the velocity
increases then the pressure must decrease.
Bernoulli's apparatus demonstrates both of these
principles and can also be used to examine the onset of
turbulence in an accelerating fluid stream. Both Bernoulli's
equation and the continuity equation are essential
analytical tools required for the analysis of most problems
in the subject of mechanics of fluids.
Apparatus:
Theory
Bernoulli's theorem
Bernoulli's equation is applicable to the steady flow of an
incompressible and inviscid fluid. Bernoulli's equation
shows that the sum of the three quantities:
P
g
=Presser head
V2
2g
= Velocity head
Z = Elevation head
are constant. Therefore, the three terms must be
interchangeable so that, for example, if in a horizontal
system the velocity head is increased then the pressure
head must decrease
Procedure
1. Arrange the experimentation set-up on the hydraulic
bench such that the discharge routes the water into
the channel.
2. Make hose connection between hydraulic bench and
unit.
3. Open discharge of hydraulic bench.
4. Set cap nut of probe compression gland such that
slight resistance is felt on moving probe.
5. Open inlet and outlet ball cock.
6. Close drain valve at bottom of single water pressure
gauge.
7. Switch on pump and slowly open main cock of
hydraulic bench.
8. By simultaneously setting inlet and outlet cock,
regulate water level in pressure gauges such that
neither upper nor lower range limit is overshot or
undershot.
9. Change the water flow and repeat the steps before.
Q1
Area(m2
)
Elevatio
n Z1 (m)
Velocity
m/s
Velocity
head1
(m)
97.5*10- 89.5*10
6
-6
0.26
0.255
73.3*1
0-6
0.247
0. 6694
0.7292
0.02284
0.0271
-6
0.240
0.235
0.220
0.89
1.064
1.324
1.75
0.040
0.0577
0.0893
0.156
Q2
H1(m)
0.2828
0.2821
0.287
0.2977
0.3243
0.376
Elevatio
n Z2(m)
Velocity
m/s
Velocity
head2(
m)
H2(m)
0.279
0.265
0.26
0.240
0.239
0.212
0.639
0.696
0.85
1.016
1.264
1.67
0.0208
0.0354
0.0433 0.05178
0.0644
0.142
0.2998
0.2914
0.3033 0.29178
0.3034
0.354
3
3
Given: Volume ( m )=6L=0.006 m , t1=92 second and
t2=65 second.
V (m3 ) 0.006
=
t 1( s)
92
=6.527*10-5 m3/s
V1
0.6682
Velocity head1 (m)= 2 g = 29.81 = 0.0228m
V 12
H=Z+ 2 g =0.26+0.0288=0.2828m.
- For (Q2)
3
Q2=
V (m ) 0.006
=
t 1( s)
65
=9.2307*10-5 m3/s
References
1- http://documents.tips/documents/bernoullis-theoremexperiment.html.
2- http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mymousa/files/Experiment7-hydraulics-lab-.pdf